清河学院20级大三上学期英语四级选拔考试题

1、清河学院20级大三上学期英语四级选拔考试题考试时间90分钟姓名 填空题 *_学号（8位） 填空题 *_专业 填空题 *_班级 填空题 *_本人身份证号 填空题 *_以下是考试试题，请根据每一题的要求认真作答，选择题直接选答案，填空题把答案填在题号的下边。 填空题_Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation,

2、 one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresp

3、onding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the center.Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions w

4、ill be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Part II Reading Comprehension

5、 (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, Cand D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the i

6、nformation given in the passage. How Exercises WorkWhen you exercise or compete in sports, you notice several things about your body. You breathe heavier and faster, your heart beats faster, your muscles hurt and you sweat. These are all normal responses to exercise whether you work out regularly or

7、 only once in a while or whether you are a weekend warrior or a trained athlete. When you watch world-class athletes compete, you see the same responses, only magnified.The body has an incredibly complex set of processes to meet the demands of working muscles. Every system in the body is involved. I

8、n this article, we will look at how your body responds to strenuous exercise-how muscles, blood circulation, breathing and body heat are affected. You will also see how these responses can be enhanced by training.Your Bodys Response to ExerciseAny type of exercise uses your muscles. Running, swimmin

9、g, weightlifting-any sport you can imagine-uses different muscle groups to generate motion. In running and swimming, your muscles are working to accelerate your body and keep it moving. In weightlifting, your muscles are working to move a weight. Exercise means muscle activity!As you use your muscle

10、s, they begin to make demands on the rest of the body. In strenuous exercise, just about every system in your body either focuses its efforts on helping the muscles do their work, or it shuts down. For example, your heart beats faster during strenuous exercise so that it can pump more blood to the m

11、uscles, and your stomach shuts down during strenuous exercise so that it does not waste energy that the muscles can use.When you exercise, your muscles act something like electric motors. Your muscles take in a source of energy and they use it to generate force. An electric motor uses electricity to

12、 supply its energy. Your muscles are biochemical motors, and they use a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for their energy source. During the process of burning ATP, your muscles need three things:They need oxygen, because chemical reactions require ATP and oxygen is consumed to produce A

13、TP.They need to eliminate metabolic wastes (carbon dioxide, lactic acid) that the chemical reactions generate.They need to get rid of heat. Just like an electric motor, a working muscle generates heat that it needs to get rid of.In order to continue exercising, your muscles must continuously make AT

14、P. To make this happen, your body must supply oxygen to the muscles and eliminate the waste products and heat. The more strenuous the exercise, the greater the demands ofworking muscle. If these needs are not met, then exercise will cease-that is, you become exhausted and you wont be able to keep go

15、ing.To meet the needs of working muscle, the body has an orchestrated response involving the heart, blood vessels, nervous system, lungs, liver and skin. It really is an amazing system!Exercise and ATP For your muscles-in fact, for every cell in your body-the source of energy that keeps everything g

16、oing is called ATP.Adenosine triphosphate hate (ATP) is the biochemical way to store and use energy. The entire reaction that turns ATP into energy is a bit complicated, but here is a good summary: Chemically, ATP is an adenine nucleotide bound to three phosphates. There is a lot of energy stored in

17、 the bond between the second and third phosphate groups that can be used to fuel chemical reactions.When a cell needs energy, it breaks this bond to form adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and a free phosphate molecule.In some instances, the second phosphate group can also be broken to form adenosine monop

18、hosphate (AMP).When the cell has excess energy, it stores this energy by forming ATP from ADP and phosphate.ATP is required for the biochemical reactions involved in any muscle contraction. As the work of the muscle increases, more and more ATP gets consumed and must be replaced in order for the mus

19、cle to keep moving.Because ATP is so important, the body has several different systems to create ATP. These systems work together in phases. The interesting thing is that different forms of exercise use different systems, so a sprinter is getting ATP in a completely different way from a marathon run

20、ner!ATP comes from three different biochemical systems in the muscle, in this order: phosphagen system glycogen-lactic acid system aerobic respirationExercise and the Phosphagen SystemA muscle cell has some amount of ATP floating around that it can use immediately, but not very much-only enough to l

21、ast for about three seconds. To replenish the ATP levels quickly, muscle cells contain a high-energy phosphate compound called creatine phosphate. The phosphate group is removed from creatine phosphate by an enzyme called creatine kinase, and is transferred to ADP to form ATP. The cell turns ATP int

22、o ADP, and the phosphagen rapidly turns the ADP back into ATP.As the muscle continues to work, the creatine phosphate levels begin to decrease. Together, the ATP levels and creatine phosphate levels are called the phosphagen system. The phosphagen system can supply the energy needs of working muscle

23、 ata high rate, but only for 8 to 10 seconds.Exercise and the Glycogen-Lactic Acid SystemMuscles also have big reserves of a complex carbohydrate called glycogen. Glycogen is a chain of glucose molecules. A cell splits glycogen into glucose. Then the cell uses anaerobic metabolism (anaerobic means w

24、ithout oxygen) to make ATPand a byproduct called lactic acid from the glucose.About 12 chemical reactions take place to make ATP under this process, so it supplies ATP at a slower rate than the phosphagen system. The system can still act rapidly and produce enough ATP to last about 90 seconds. This

25、system does not, need oxygen, which is handy because it takes the heart and lungs some time to get their act together. It is also handy because the rapidly contracting muscle squeezes off its own blood vessels, depriving itself of oxygen-rich blood.There is a definite limit to anerobic respiration b

26、ecause of the lactic acid. The acid is what makes your muscles hurt.Lactic acid builds up in the muscle tissue and causes the fatigue and soreness you feel in your exercising muscles.Exercise and Aerobic RespirationBy two minutes of exercise, the body responds to supply working muscles with oxygen.

27、When oxygen is present, glucose can be completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a process called aerobic respiration. The glucose can come from three different places: remaining glycogen supplies in the muscles; breakdown of the livers glycogen into glucose, which gets to working musc

28、le through the bloodstream; absorption of glucose from food in the intestine, which gets to working muscle through the bloodstream.Aerobic respiration can also use fatty acids from fat reserves in muscle and the body to produce ATP. In extreme cases (like starvation ), proteins can also be broken do

29、wn into amino acids and used to make ATP. Aerobic respiration would use carbohydrates first, then fats and finally proteins, if necessary. Aerobic respiration takes even more chemical reactions to produce ATP than either of the above systems. Aerobic respiration produces ATP at the slowest rate of t

30、he three systems, but it can continue to supply ATP for several hours or longer, so long as the fuel supply lasts.What Happens When You ExerciseSo imagine that you start running. Heres what happens:The muscle cells burn off the ATP they have floating around in about 3 seconds.The phosphagen system k

31、icks in and supplies energy for 8 to 10 seconds. This would be the major energy system used by the muscles of a 100-meter sprinter or weight lifter, where rapid acceleration, short-duration exercise occurs.If exercise continues longer, then the glycogen-lactic acid system kicks in. This would be tru

32、e for short-distance exercises such as a 200- or 400-meter dash or 100-meter swim.Finally, if exercise continues, then aerobic respiration takes over. This would occur in endurance events such as an 800- meter dash, marathon run, rowing, cross-country skiing and distance skating.When you start to lo

33、ok closely at how the human body works, it is truly an amazing machine!1. Your muscles are working to move a weight when you are _ 单选题 *A swimmingB high jumpingC runningD weight lifling2. During the process of burning ATP, your muscles need _ 单选题 *A lactic acidB to eliminate heatC carbon dioxideD ad

34、d energy3. When the cell has excess energy, it stores this energy by forming _ 单选题 *A phosphateB AMPC ATPD ADP4. The body has several different systems to create _., because it is very important. 单选题 *A AMPB ADPC ATPD phosphate molecule5. Muscle cells contain a high-energy phosphate compound called

35、_ 单选题 *A creatine kinaseB enzymeC phosphate groupD creatine phosphate6. What makes your muscles hurt? 单选题 *A Glucose.B Lactic acid.C Oxygen-rich blood.D ATP.7. Glucose can be completely broken down into carbon dioxide and water when oxygen is present in the pr0cess called 单选题 *A anaerobic metabolism

36、B burning ATPC aerobic respirationD phosphagen system8. When you are starving, proteins can also be broken down into_ 填空题 *_9. When you start running, the muscle cells bum off the ATP they have floating around in_ 填空题 *_10. Aerobic respiration would occur in_ 填空题 *_填空题 *_Part III Listening Comprehen

37、sion (35 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a

38、pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line though the center. Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conve

39、rsations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which

40、 is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. 单选题 *A) He should buy an apartment right away.B) He should start to find a new apartment right now.C) He should start to find a new apartment in a few weeks.D) He should buy an apartme

41、nt near the campus.12. 单选题 *A) Hes surprised she chose that agency.B) He doesnt know when her classes started.C) He wonders why she is still keeping the job.D) He doubts if she makes much money now.13.单选题 *A) Writing an essay.B) Reading a magazine.C) Shopping for shoes.D) Studying for a test.14. 单选题

42、 *A) Because she cant hear the words on the telephone.B) Because her ears were hurt.C) Because she cant watch TV.D) Because her eyes were hurt.15. 单选题 *A) William is just starting the violin lessons.B) William cant play the violin.C) William is very modest about his performance.D) William is very pr

43、oud of his performance.16. 单选题 *A) Children must not tell lies.B) Children learn by example.C) Children dont like discipline.D) Children must control their temper.17.单选题 *A) At company.B) At home.C) At the Computer Center.D) At the Oak Street.18. 单选题 *A) He has refused another dinner appointment.B)

44、He doesnt eat out very often.C) He knows the way to the restaurant.D) He does not like to eat out either.填空题 *_Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. 单选题 *A) How to book a satisfactory room.B) How to arrange for a trip.C) When the shop will be closed.D) What the wea

45、ther is like.20. 单选题 *A) Because there is an excellent subway system.B) Because there is an excellent service.C) Because there is an excellent bus service.D) Because taxi system there isnt convenient.21. 单选题 *A) Always warm.B) Usually warm but sometimes very cold and wet.C) Usually cold and wet but

46、sometimes warm.D) Always cold.22. 单选题 *A) At once.B) Fifteen days later.C) By the 15th of this month.D) In the middle of this year.填空题 *_Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. 单选题 *A) He will play tennis.B) He will return to his hometown.C) He will join the woman fo

47、r dinner.D) He will go to a coffee shop with the woman.24.单选题 *A) Because she has to go to a lesson.B) Because she has a plane to catch.C) Because she doesnt drink coffee.D) Because she doesnt like the man.25. 单选题 *A) He will postpone the trip.B) He will marry the woman.C) He will take tennis lesson

48、s.D) He will cook dinner for the woman.填空题 *_Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from th

49、e four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. 单选题 *A) To drink as much as possible each day.B) To drink eight glasses of water daily.C)

50、 To drink as actually needed.D) To drink no more than eight glasses daily.27. 单选题 *A) To drink according to the exercises you have done.B) To drink according to the seasons.C) To drink according to the need of your body.D) To drink according to the World Health Organizations recommendation.28. 单选题 *

51、A) Because the rule is out of date.B) Because the rule is made for sick people.C) Because the rule is based on the studies under extraordinary conditions.D) Because the rule is based on the need of soldiers and patients.填空题 *_Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard

52、.29. 单选题 *A) They share the traditional music.B) They share the traditional costumes.C) They share certain traditional foods.D) They share certain traditional customs.30.单选题 *A) They will exchange promises.B) They will exchange presents.C) They will exchange rings.D) They will exchange flowers.31.单选

53、题 *A) To hold a reception party.B) To shower the couple with rice.C) To congratulate on the couple.D) To have a big dinner.填空题 *_Passage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. 单选题 *A) It influences the human as the biological viruses do.B) It works the same way as t

54、he human virus.C) It resembles the biological virus.D) It spreads to people who use the infected computers.33. 单选题 *A) They invade the computer and make it a place for manufacturing.B) They spread throughout the whole system by quickly copying themselves.C) They infect the hard disc and the whole sy

55、stem.D) They spread viruses inside the computer system.34. 单选题 *A) It is a virus that causes great damage.B) It is a virus that once infected the IBMs computer system.C) It is a virus that carries a Christmas greeting.D) It is a virus that causes no harm to the computer systems.35. 单选题 *A) It can ca

56、use damages to the computer systems.B) It can cause no damages at all.C) It can copy your files in computers.D) It can format your hard drive.填空题 *_Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for

57、its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exac

58、t words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written. All that we really need to plot out the future of our universe are a few good measurements. This does not mean that we can sit do

59、wn today and (36)_ the future course of the universe with anything like (37)_. There are still too many things we do not know about the way the universe is put together. But we do know (38)_ what information we need to fill in our knowledge, and we have a pretty good (39)_ of how to go about getting

60、 it. Perhaps the best way to think of our present situation is to (40)_a train coming into a switchyard. All of the switches are set before the train arrives, so that its path is completely (41)_. Some switches we can see, others we cannot. There is no doubt if we can see the setting of a switch: we