2022年考研英语真题解析曲巍巍

1、2022The study of law has been recognized for centuries as a basic intellectual discipline in European universities. However, only in recent years has it become a feature of undergraduate programs in Canadian universities. (46) Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the

2、 special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person. Happily, the older and more continental view of legal educationis establishing itself in a number of Canadian universities and some have even begun to offer undergraduate degrees in law.If

3、 the study of law is beginning to establish itself as part and parcel of a general education, its aims and methods should appeal directly to journalism educators. Law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment. On the one hand, it provides opportunities to analyze such ideasas justice, de

4、mocracy and freedom. (47) On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news. For example, notions of evidence and fact, of basic rights and public interest are at work in the

5、 process of journalistic judgment and production just as in courts of law.Sharpening judgment by absorbing and reflecting on law is a desirable component of a journalistintellectual preparation for his or her career.(48) But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than a

6、n ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media. Politics or, more broadly, the functioning of the state, is a major subject for journalists. The better informed they are about the way the state works, the better their report

7、ing will be. (49) In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on political stories.Furthermore, the legal system and the events which occur within it are primary subjects for journalists. Whil

8、e the quality of legal journalism varies greatly, there is an undue reliance amongstmany journalists on interpretations supplied to them by lawyers. (50) While comment and reactionfrom lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make

9、 their own judgments. These can only come from a well-groundedunderstanding of the legal system.通识教育的一局部。法学鼓舞人们进展负责任的推断，其直承受益对象是闻工作者。 己的理解和价值观进展法律报道，而不要过分依靠律师的解释。【试题解析】Traditionally, legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers, rather than a necessary part

10、of the intellectual equipment of an educatedperson.【构造分析】这是一个简洁句。副词traditionally作时间状语，引领整个句子。句子的主干为legal learning has been viewed as rather than。其中has been viewed as 是被动构造，in such institutions 作地点状语。rather than连接两个平行构造the special preserve of lawyers与a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of

11、an educated person。在短语a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person 中，介词短语of the intellectual equipment作part的后置定语，介词短语 of an educated person作equipment的后置定语。【词汇解析】institution n. 大学、银行等机构；惯例，习俗，制度；建立；设立e.g. a) He wants to work in a bank or some other financial institutions.他想要在银

12、行或其他金融机构工作。We have visited some higher education institutions there.我们访问了那的一些高等教育机构。We believe in the institution of marriage. 我们信任婚姻制度。Setting off firecrackers during Spring Festival is an institution.春节期间放鞭炮是一种风俗。Institution of such schools was geared to these needs.这种学校的建立是与这些需要相协作的。拓展institution

13、al adj. 公共机构的，慈善机构的；习以为常的preserve n. 专属工作，独占的活动领域；蜜饯，罐头水果；禁猎地，保护区vt. 保护，防护；保持，维持；保存，防腐vi. 保鲜，保持原状；做蜜饯，制罐头；禁猎e.g. a) We will do everything to preserve peace. 我们会尽全力维持和平。We need to preserve our natural resources.我们需要保护我们的自然资源。The conduct of foreign policy is largely the preserve of the president.外交政策事

14、宜主要由总统特地负责。It is the duty of the police to preserve public order.维护公共秩序是警察的职责。I used to work inthe worlds greatest wildlife preserves.我曾在世界上最大的野生动物保护区工作。拓展preservation n. 保存，保存，防腐；保护，维护，保持preservative n. 防腐剂；防护层adj. 防腐的，能保存的；有保护力的intellectual adj. 学问的，智力的；有才智的，智力兴旺的n. 学问分子；脑力劳动者e.g. a) Maths is an i

15、ntellectual exercise. 数学是一种智力训练。Do you know the intellectual property rights?你知道什么是学问产权吗?She is an intellectual woman. 她是一个有才华的女人。These views were common among intellectuals.这些观点在学问分子中是很普遍的。拓展intellectuality n. 智力，知性equipment n. U做某事应具备的素养，才能；装备，设备，器材5educatedadj. 受过教育的【翻译方法】traditionally, legal lea

16、rning has been viewed in such institutions as是句子的主干局部。traditionally可译为“传统上，长期以来legal learning译为“法律学问be viewed as “被视为被看做in such institutionssuch institutions 指代Canadian universities，因此，institution 指的是“学校，学院始终被视为。the special preserve of lawyersas 的宾语。preserve 在句中用作名词，译为“专属的工作，特地的活动比较状语rather than a n

17、ecessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person rather thana necessary partthe intellectual equipmentan educated personof 介词短语分别作其所修饰的名词的后置定语，依据 而不是一个受教育者的学问素养的必要组成局部。【参考译文】长期以来，法律学问在这类学校里始终被视为律师们所专有的，而不是一个受教育者的学问素养的必要组成局部。On the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities

18、 in a manner which is parallel tothe links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.【构造分析】这是一个复合句。on the other作状语，与前文的on the one hand相照应，引出的观点。it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner是主句。其中，it作主语，links作谓语，these conceptsto everyday realitiesin a manner

19、作状语。定语从句which is parallel to the links修饰manner。定语从句journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news修饰links，从句省略了关系代词 that或which。这个定语从句是一个复合句，主句是journalists forge on a daily basis ，省略的关系代词作forge的宾语，介词短语on a dailybasis在这个主句中作状语，as引导时间状语从句。【词汇解析】concept n. 观念，概念；观点，想法，理解e.g.a) S

20、tudents should grasp the knowledge of the basic legal concepts.学生应当把握根本的法律概念。Their concept of a performance and our concept were miles apart.他们对于表演的理解和我们的大相径庭。拓展conception n. 概念；设想，设想；受精，怀孕parallel adj. 一样的，类似的；平行的adv. 平行地，并列地n. 平行线面；相像物vt. 使平行；与媲美，与相比，与相像用法：to(with) 与平行；与相像，与公平e.g. a) The road and

21、the canal are parallel to each other.道路与水道平行。Do the emotions develop in parallel with the intellect?情感与智力是并行进展的吗？There are significant parallels with the 1980s.这2080His remarks paralleled those of the president.他的言论和总统的如出一辙。拓展parallelism n. 排比；相像性，类似性；平行journalist n. 记者，闻工作者forge vt. 制造，建立，缔结，进展关系；伪

22、造，仿造；锻造n. 锻造车间；熔铁炉，锻铁炉；铁匠铺，铁匠工场用法： ahead 稳步前进，开拓进取e.g. a) They agreed to forge closer economic ties.他们同意建立更加严密的经济联系。The project will help inmates forge new careers.这项打算会帮助犯人开头的职业。They used forged documents to leave the country.他们使用伪造的证明文件离开了这个国家。A boat sailing against the current must forge aheador

23、itll be driven back.逆水行舟，不进则退。The two companies forged ahead, innovating and expanding.两家公司加快进展，改革创，不断扩张。coverv. 报道；涉及，包含；掩盖，遮盖；穿衣，戴帽，盖上被n. 掩盖物；避难所；封面拓展coverage n. 闻报导；范围，规模comment vi. 评论，述评，发表意见 n. 评论，述评用法： on 对发表评论； that 评论【翻译方法】主句on the other, it links these concepts to everyday realities in a ma

24、nner中，on the other 与前文的on the one hand 相照应，译为“另一方面it 的指代对象，需回到原文中查找。由于前一个句子on the one hand, it也用代词it 作主语，所以需要再往前看一句，即law is a discipline which encourages responsible judgment。句中的law 是下面两个句子的主语it 的指代对象。所以，本句中的代词it 复原为law，译为“法律”或“这一学科lint译为“把和联系起来concepteveryday realities 直译为“日常实际”或“日常生活in a mannerlin

25、klinktin a manner“以方式把与联系起来法律这些概念和日常生活联系起来。定语从句whichisparalleltothelinks manner。parallelto 译为“与类似”或links which manner，which 句译为：这种方式类似于那些联系。定语从句journalists forge on a daily basis 省略了关系代词that which，修饰links。journalists forge 一词虽然有“伪造，假冒，锻造”之义，但是依据语境，该动作由journalists 发出，应译为“进展，建立on a basis 译为“以根底on a da

26、ily basis译为“每on a weekly basison a monthly basison an annual basislinks 的后置定语，但由于从句较短，可以将其译为 links 的前置定语。因此，which 引导的句子与这个从句合译为：这种方式类似于记者每天建立的联系。状语从句as they cover and comment on the news中，as译为“当时候cover一词虽然有“掩盖，涉及”之义，但依据其主语they即 journalists及宾语the news，应将cover译为“报道comment on译为“评论journalist forge on a

27、daily basis，依据汉语的表达习惯，需将这个时间状语置于主句之前，且they journalists，译forge的主语journalists省略不译。这个主从复合句译为：记者报 “报道和评论”之前，译文调整为：记者每天报道和评论闻时建立的联系。整个句子译为“另一方面法律这一学科以某种方式把这些概念和日常生活联系起来，这种方式与记者每天报道和评论闻时建立的联系类似 类似，也就是说两种做法是相像的。因此，整个句子的译文调整为：另一方面，这一 同的。【参考译文】另一方面，这一学科把这些概念结合到日常生活中，这与闻记者每天报道和评论闻时的做法是一样的。But the idea that th

28、e journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilitiesofthenewsmedia.【构造分析】这是一个复合句。主句是the idea rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new

29、s media。an understanding作介词on的宾语，介词短语of theestablished conventions and special responsibilities 作understanding的后置定语，介词短语of the news media作conventions与responsibilities的后置定语。同位语从句that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen修饰idea。其中，the journalist作主语；must unders

30、tand作谓语；the law作宾语；more profoundly than an ordinary citizen作状语，表示比较。【词汇解析】profoundly adv. 深刻地，浅显地；极度地，极深地；深深地，深切地e.g. a) This experience has profoundly affected my life.这个经受给我的生活带来了深刻的影响。This is a book full of profound, original and challenging insights.这本书布满了深刻、颖、令人深思的见解。It disturbs me profoundly t

31、hat you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感担忧。拓展profound adj. profundity n. 浅显，深刻；深刻意义，重要性rests on 取决于，依靠于；依靠，建立在之上；搁在支撑在上e.g. a) Your success rests on your efforts. 你的成功有赖于你的努力。Our policy should rest on the basis of self-reliance.我们的方针要放在自力更生的基点上。Her head rested on one of her hands as she sat th

32、ere waiting.她一只手托着头，坐在那儿等候。established adj. 早已确立的，老牌的，既定的；知名的拓展establish vt. 建立，创立，设立；使立足，使被认可，确立establishment n. 建立，创立，设立；机构，团体，企业convention n. 常规，惯例，准则，社会习俗，国际公约；大会，会议e.g. a) Its just a socialconvention that men dont wear skirts.男人不穿裙子只是一种社会习俗。b) The annual Republican convention was held on Thursd

33、ay.一年一度的共和党大会于周四进展。拓展conventional adj. 传统的，依照惯例的；常规的【翻译方法】主句 the idea rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news media中，the idea 译为“这种看法”；rests on 译为“依靠，依靠，以为依据，基于anunderstandingofsth译为“对于的理解the established conventions of the news media conventi

34、ons responsibilities 的后置定语，介词短语of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the news mediaunderstanding 的后置定语， 个短语，译文为“对于闻媒体业已确立的规约和特别责任的理解 种看法是基于对闻媒体业已确立的规约和特别责任的理解。同位语从句that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizenunderstandmore profoundlyor

35、dinary 3that 引导的同位语从句the idea，说明idea 的具体内容。依据汉语的表达习惯，修饰语一般置于被修饰的中心词之前。因此，本句应先翻译同位语从句，再翻译主句。【参考译文】闻记者应比一般公民更加透彻地了解法律，而这种看法是基于他们对闻媒体业已确立的规约和特别责任的理解。In fact, it is difficult to see how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basicfeatures of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent job on

36、political stories.【构造分析】这是一个复合句。it is difficult to seito sestories作真正的主语。在不定式短语中，从句how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic featuresof the Canadian Constitutioncan do a competent job on political stories作see个宾语从句中，journalists作主语，定语从句who do not have a clear grasp of the basic featur

37、es of the Canadian Constitution修饰journalists；can do作谓语；a competent job作宾语，介词短语on political stories作job的定语。【词汇解析】grasp n. 理解力，领悟力，把握；把握，把握力；攫取；急迫地寻求vt. 理解，领悟，明白；抓紧，握牢用法：within ones 为所能实现；为所能及have a of把握，理解，明白 at 试图抓住 for 渴望，渴求；喘气e.g. a) Peace is now within our grasp. 现在和平在望。He will grasp at anything

38、that might help him achieve fame.他会抢着做任何有助于他成名的事情。Laugh until you grasp for breath. 笑到您喘不过气来。featuren. 特征，特点；复数容貌，面貌；期刊的特写报道；故事片vt. 使有特色；描写的特征；以为特色vi. 起主要作用；作重要角色用法： in 起重要作用，占重要位置e.g. a) The islands chief feature was its beauty.这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。The veil she was wearing obscured her features.她戴的面纱遮掩了她的

39、面容。There is a special feature on the fund-raising project in the newspaper.报纸上有篇关于集资工程的专题报道。This restaurant features excellent cooking.这家餐馆以其厨师精湛的厨艺为特色。This book features a lot in learning English.这本书对学习英语格外重要。constitution n. 宪法，章程；建立，组成；体质，体格拓展constitutional adj. 宪法的，符合宪法的；本质的；体质上的competent adj. 称职

40、的，能胜任的；有力量的，能干的e.g. a) He did a competent job. 他的工作做得相当精彩。He is competent to do it. 他能做这件事。Make sure the firm is competent to carry out the work.要确保这家公司有力量完成这项工作。拓展competence n. 力量，才能；胜任e.g. a) He tries to gain a high level of competence in English.他努力获得高水平的英语力量。b) This mess is a poor reflection on

41、his competence.这种混乱状况说明他难当此任。story n. 闻报道；故事；传闻，传奇，谣传【翻译方法】“in fact, it is difficult to see”是句子的主干局部。其中，it 是形式主语，真正主语是不定式to sestoriesee不能译为“观察it省略不译，将这个构造译为“很难理解个主干局部译为：事实上，很难理解。宾语从句how journalists who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian Constitution can do a competent jo

42、b on political stories 中包含主从复合句，主句是journalists can do a competent job on political storiewho do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian constitutionjournalists。在翻译时可以先翻译定语从句，再翻译主句，把定语从句译为journalists 的前置定语。在句子how journalists can do a competent job on political stories中，can do a c

43、ompetent job 直译为“能做胜任的工作”，但是译文不通顺，可以承受词类转译法，将形容词competent 转译为动词“胜任”，这个动宾构造译为“能胜任一份工作”。介词短语on political stories job stories 不能译为“故事”，依据语境应译为“闻报道”。此句译为：闻记者如何能胜任政治闻报道工作。定语从句who do not have a clear grasp of the basic features of the Canadian constitution whjournalist记者们；短语have a clear grasp of译为“对清楚地了解”

44、或“清楚地了解the basic features the Canadian constitution 译为“加拿大宪法的根本特征所修饰的journalists 前，译为：对加拿大宪法的根本特征缺乏清楚了解的记者们。 如何能胜任政治闻报道工作。【参考译文】事实上，很难设想那些对加拿大宪法的根本要点缺乏清楚了解的闻记者何以能胜任政治闻的报道工作。While comment and reaction from lawyers may enhance stories, it is preferable forjournaliststorelyontheirownnotionsofsignifican

45、ceandmaketheirownjudgments.【构造分析】这是一个复合句。while引导让步状语从句。其中，comment and reaction from lawyers作主语，介词短语from lawyers作后置定语；may enhance作谓语，stories作宾语。it is preferable for journalists to rely on their own notions of significance and make their own judgmentsitto rely on their own notions of significance与make

46、 their own judgmentsandtheir own notions of significance作介词on的宾语，介词短语of significance作notions的后置定语。【词汇解析】reaction n. 回应，反响，反响；化学反响，变化；反对，抵抗，抵抗用法： against抵抗，抵抗，抵触e.g. a) Their reaction to the joke is to laugh.他们对这个笑话的反响是笑。Catalysts are materials which greatly speed up chemical reactions.催化剂是可以大大加速化学反响的物质。All new fashion starts out as a reaction against existing convention.全部时尚都是从打破现有常规开头的。enhance vt. 提高，增加；加强vi. 价值等上升，提高；价格等上涨e.g. a) This is an opportunity to enhance the reputation of the compa