英语词汇学习策略课件1

1、英语词汇学习策略(1)2022/10/2英语词汇学习策略(1)英语词汇学习策略(1)2022/9/28英语词汇学习策略(1一、英语词汇学习1、英语词汇学习的要求级别相对年级知识目标描述二级 小学毕业 词汇 1.学习有关本级话题范围的600-700个单词和50个左右的习惯用语； 2.了解单词是由字母构成的。 五级初中毕业词汇1.了解英语单词包括单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配等形式；2. 理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；3. 运用词汇描述事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；4. 学会使用1500-1600个的单词和200-300个习惯用语或固定搭配。 八级高中毕业词汇1. 运用词汇理解和

2、表达不同的功能、意图和态度等；2. 运用词汇描述比较复杂的事物、行为和特征，说明概念等；3. 学会使用3000个单词和400-500个习惯用语或固定搭配。 英语词汇学习策略(1)一、英语词汇学习1、英语词汇学习的要求级别相对知识目标描述二 2、为什么要学习词汇？ 其实，每个英语学习者都有不同的学习目的，同一个学习者在不同的学习阶段也有不同的学习目标。词汇学习也是这样。学习词汇时，每个学习者都应该问自己一个问题：在目前阶段我为什么要学习英语词汇？对这个问题的回答会直接影响学习者对词汇的选择和词汇学习策略的运用。英语词汇学习策略(1) 2、为什么要学习词汇？英语词汇学习策略(1)3、应该学习哪些词

3、汇？一般的学习者和初学英语的学习者，中学生应该将精力和时间投入到那些频率更高的词汇的学习上。那么什么是使用频率高的词？什么是使用频率低的词呢？英语词汇学习策略(1)3、应该学习哪些词汇？英语词汇学习策略(1)总的来说，我们可以把英语词汇分为两类： 1）积极词汇：active vocabulary又泽：主动性词汇 “Words which students will need to understand and also use themselves. We call this active vocabulary. In teaching active vocabulary, it is usu

4、ally worth spending time giving examples and asking questions, so that students can really see how the word is used.” Adrian Doff 英语词汇学习策略(1)总的来说，我们可以把英语词汇分为两类： 英语词汇学习策略(1 2）消极词汇：(passive vocabulary) 又泽：应接性词汇 “Words which we want students to understand (e.g. when reading a text), but which they will

5、 not need to use themselves. We call this passive vocabulary. To save time, it is often best to present it quite quickly, with a simple example. If it appears as part of a text or dialogue, we can often leave students to guess the word from the context.” Adrian Doff 英语词汇学习策略(1) 2）消极词汇：(passive vocab

6、ulary) 又 In Britain, the weather is very varied;people never know what it will be like the next day.The summer is warmer than the winter, but even in summer the average temperature is only 16. Sometimes the sun shines, but at other times the sky is covered in cloud, and it often rains. In winter it

7、is sometimes very cold, especially in the north of the country. The temperature may fall below 0, and then there is often snow and ice. The best season of the year is probably late spring. At this time of year the Weather is often . 英语词汇学习策略(1) In Britain, the weather is vesunny and quite warm; thec

8、ountryside looks very green, and there are wild flowers everywhere.英语词汇学习策略(1)sunny and quite warm; the英语词汇学Which are active vocabulary or which are the passive vocabulary？weather varied average temperature cloud snow ice season spring sunny countryside 英语词汇学习策略(1)Which are active vocabulary orActiv

9、e Passive Active weather cloud spring sunny (snow?) (ice?) Passive varied temperature average season countryside (snow?) 英语词汇学习策略(1)Active Passive Activ4、词汇应该学习到什么程度？ 对于英语学习者来说，确定目标词汇的范围之后，还应该考虑词汇应该掌握到什么程度。过去的英语教学大纲把词汇分为“掌握“和“理解”两类。所以，中学英语教材中经常在单词表上标注出“四会”、“三会”、“两会”等标准来决定词汇学习和掌握的程度。 其实，这种标准只有一定的合理性，

10、并不完全合理。教育部于2001年指定的全日制义务教育、普通高级中学英语课程标准（实验稿已经不再使用“掌握“和“理解”这样的术语来规定词汇学习的程度了。英语词汇学习策略(1)4、词汇应该学习到什么程度？英语词汇学习策略(1)这种鼓励脱离语境地记单词的结果是：学习者只能记忆单词的一两种意思，忽视了该单词的其他意思，而且还不知道如何在不同的语境中灵活地使用这些单词。 英语词汇学习策略(1)这种鼓励脱离语境地记单词的结果是：学习英语词汇学习策略(1)例1：A: Can we have a meeting sometime next week?B: Well, let me check my diary

11、. 例2：He is a five-foot-tall man.The building is 40 feet high.英语词汇学习策略(1)例1：英语词汇学习策略(1)二、英语词汇学习策略1、利用语境我们认为教师仅仅提倡还是不够的，教师需要引导、培养、训练学生具有从上下文中猜测单词词义的能力。关于从上下文猜测词义我们建议有以下几种做法：英语词汇学习策略(1)二、英语词汇学习策略1、利用语境英语词汇学习策略(1)1）根据同义关系猜测词义例如：(1) In order to discover who had a natural ability to learn languages, the s

12、tudents were given tests to determine their language aptitude.(2) The job applicant sat in the personnel office and filled out a vita. When she finished the resume, she gave it to the secretary.(3) Tom answered quickly. But after he thought about the matter more carefully, he regretted having made s

13、uch a hasty decision. 英语词汇学习策略(1)1）根据同义关系猜测词义英语词汇学习策略(1)2)根据反义关系猜测词义例如：(1)She has a love of rote work, but no fondness for creative jobs. Rote means _. a. creative b. mechanical c. fondness(2) It is better to be reflective about problems than to be thoughtless. Reflective means _. a. thoughtful b. u

14、ncaring c. problem(3) Todays teenagers seem to be more liberal in their ideas than their conservative grandparents. Conservative means _. a. free-thinking b. traditional c. old英语词汇学习策略(1)2)根据反义关系猜测词义英语词汇学习策略(1)3)根据整个句子的意思猜测词义例如：(1)She loves music: she can play the guitar, the piano and the cello.(2)

15、 He walked into the sitting-room and sat down on the settee.(3) Look! Theres a big fly on the window.英语词汇学习策略(1)3)根据整个句子的意思猜测词义英语词汇学习策略(1)4) 根据段落或篇章的上下文来猜测词义 在理解段落或篇章的大环境时，根据文章中的各种关系，读者可能会发现猜测词义的另一些线索，从而推断出生词的大意。英语词汇学习策略(1)4) 根据段落或篇章的上下文来猜测词义英语词汇学习策略(1) Zip was stopped during the war and only after

16、the war did it become popular. What a difference it has made to our lives? It keeps people at home much more. It has made the remote parts of the world more real to us. Photographs show a country, but only zip makes us feel that a foreign country is real. Also we can see scenes in the street, big oc

17、casions are zipped, such as the coronation (加冕典礼) in 1953 and the Opening of Parliament. Perhaps the sufferers from zip are the notable people, who, as they step out of an airplane, have to face the battery of zip cameras and know that every movement, every gesture will be seen by millions of people

18、. Politicians not only have to speak well, they now have to have what is called a “zip personality”. Perhaps we can sympathize when Members of Parliament say that they do not want debates to be zipped. 英语词汇学习策略(1) Zip was stopped during the Zip means a. cinema. b. photography. c. television. d. tele

19、phone. 英语词汇学习策略(1)Zip means a. cinema.英语词汇学习策5)利用构词线索猜测词义（1）根据前缀来猜测和推测词义： 例如：Read the following sentences， and guess the meaning of the italicized words.1. An education enriches the mind.2. He did not write his composition well and the teacher told him to rewrite it.3. Mr Smith unlocked the safe and

20、 took out five thousand dollars.4. He had been overworking and fell sick at last.5. We disapprove of middle-school students smoking cigarettes.6. At midnight, several hours after the ship had left the port, she ran into bad weather.7. The country is underdeveloped and the living standard of the peop

21、le is rather low.8. It is impolite to turn your back on someone who is speaking to you.9. Those old people are very active in anti-pollution activities.10. Dont let his friendly words mislead you into believing him.英语词汇学习策略(1)5)利用构词线索猜测词义英语词汇学习策略(1)（2）根据后缀来猜测和推测词义后缀主要分为四大类：名词后缀、形容词后缀、动词后缀和副词后缀。例如：Re

22、ad the following sentences, and guess the meaning of the italicized words.1.You must stop dreaming and face reality.2.Travel broadens the mind.3.My work is still in the experimental stage.4.He did too little preparation for his examination.5.The line of waiting people seemed to be endless.6.I was ve

23、ry much impressed by the friendliness of the people there.7.The country is trying to popularize education.8.Our troops won a decisive victory in that battle.9.They were very friendly and even offered assistance.10. The magazine is called English Language Learning and is published monthly.英语词汇学习策略(1)

24、（2）根据后缀来猜测和推测词义英语词汇学习策略(1)(3)利用合成词线索猜测词义（Compound words）例如：Identify and underline the compound nouns in these sentences. (Not all the sentences have compound nouns in them and some have more than one.)1. We bought a town plan at the corner shop.2. Id like a return ticket to London, please.3. Do you

25、want to go to the sports center this evening? Theres a good tennis match on.4. He was wearing a brown coat and a pair of jeans.5. We decided to meet in the hotel bar.6. There was a small gas fire in the corner of the town.7. Theres a lovely little fruit market on Wednesdays. Its very cheap and the f

26、ruit is really nice.8. He walked in, sat down, and started reading a magazine.9. I took the film to a photo shop, but the shop assistant said it was too old to develop.10.Please do not make copies for personal use with this machine. It is for office use only.英语词汇学习策略(1)(3)利用合成词线索猜测词义（Compound words）

27、2、利用联想联想词群（word association）和情景联想(situation association) table desk bed wardrobe chaircupboard stool Furniture英语词汇学习策略(1)2、利用联想 Furniture英语词汇学习策略(1 classroom teachers office sound lab chemistry lab library clinic dining hall reading room school英语词汇学习策略(1) classroom 例3：下面的单词都是家庭用具的名称。请你把单词填入适当的方框中去；然

28、后请你再画几个椭圆并填入类似的英语单词。clock stove TV video toothpaste dressing table towel shower cupboard slippers sofa mirror washbasin 英语词汇学习策略(1)例3：clock stove TV video to2) 情景联想另外一种利用联想的词汇学习策略是情景联想(situation association)。例4：下面的是关于到饭店吃饭的相关词汇和短语。这个到饭点吃饭的循环过程能帮助你理解和记忆这些词组或短语吗？你还知道其他的有关的英语单词或短语吗？ 英语词汇学习策略(1)2) 情景联想英

29、语词汇学习策略(1) Eating outfind a restaurant reserve the table go to the restaurant order the dish read the menuwaiter brings the dishesto the customer ask for the bill pay the bill leave the restaurant 英语词汇学习策略(1) Eating outfind a restaura3、利用图像或想像对于人物、动物、物体等具体名词，如果能够借助图片（picture）学习单词，理解和记忆的效果会比较理想。这就是为什

30、么很多的英语教材常常用图片来展示单词的意思。英语词汇学习策略(1)3、利用图像或想像英语词汇学习策略(1) 动物：Animals英语词汇学习策略(1) 动物：Animals英语词汇学习策略(1) 交通工具：Vehicles英语词汇学习策略(1) 交通工具：Vehicles英语词汇学习策略(1) 衣物：Clothes英语词汇学习策略(1) 衣物：Clothes英语词汇学习策略(1)工作：Jobs英语词汇学习策略(1)工作：Jobs英语词汇学习策略(1)食品：Food英语词汇学习策略(1)食品：Food英语词汇学习策略(1)英语学习中并不是每遇到一个生词就能找到一幅相应的图片。所以，学习者要借助单

31、词的释义或解释进行想像，在头脑中形成一种影像（image）。学习某个单词时，如果学习者能够成功地想像并对这个单词代表的人或物形成影像，将来再遇到这个单词时，学习者也许不记得这个单词的文字释义，但却可能记得这种影像。 英语词汇学习策略(1)英语学习中并不是每遇到一个生词就能找到英语词汇学习策略(1) 如在学习building一词时，你可能会听到你的老师这样的解释“Houses are buildings . This school is also a building .In big cities there are many large buildings there are hotels,

32、and offices , and cinemas. They are all buildings of different kinds.”英语词汇学习策略(1) 如在学习building一词时，你可能会听到你的老师这样 比如在学习lazy一词时，你的老师可以通过举例的方法帮助你在头脑中通过想像形成一种影像。“Some people work hard, other people dont work hard they are lazy. For example , I have a brother. He is very lazy. He gets up late, and then he

33、does nothing all day. I said to him,“ Dont be so lazy ! Do some work!”英语词汇学习策略(1) 比如在学习lazy一词时，你的老师可以通过举例的方法帮助 在学习一些抽象词，比如：love, happiness, imagine, quality, impossible 等时使用这种方法是比较有效的。英语词汇学习策略(1) 在学习一些抽象词，比如：love, happiness,4、利用分类例1：下面的单词都是有关食品的单词。哪些是蔬菜？哪些是水果？哪些是饮料？哪些是肉类？哪些是食品？英语词汇学习策略(1)4、利用分类英语词汇学

34、习策略(1)cabbage pear beef apple potato noodles carrot pie orange juice Coca Cola rice tomato eggplant mutton cucumber fish pancake tea pork chicken chips coffee hamburger 英语词汇学习策略(1)cabbage pear beef appVegetableFruitDrinkMeatFood英语词汇学习策略(1)VegetableFruitDrinkMeatFood英语词例2：下面图表中的单词或短语都是可以用来描述人的外貌的，它们可

35、以被分为六类。请你根据一定的分类标准把单词填入相应的方框中去。英语词汇学习策略(1)例2：英语词汇学习策略(1) tall slim plump medium young wavy straight curly old short big blue middle-aged well-build long shining pale fair swarthy ofBuildAgeHair HeightComplexion Eyes 英语词汇学习策略(1) tall slim plum5利用同义词和反义词例1：英语词汇学习策略(1)5利用同义词和反义词英语词汇学习策略(1)例2：Supply a w

36、ord which is the opposite of the word underlined .1) I have lent John another 10 dollars. That is the third time he has _ money from me .2) I get on well with my uncle Jim, and I think I am his favourite ._.3) Mr. Brown is not married. He is still _.英语词汇学习策略(1)例2：英语词汇学习策略(1)6、利用构词法1）前缀和后缀 前缀意思例 词un-

37、remis-auto-super-oversemi- 不做相反的动作重新铝误地自然超级过去半 unhappy, unable, unlucky, untrue, undress, undo unimportantretell, renew, reappear misunderstand, misprint , mistakeautostop, automatic, autobiographysupermarket, superman, superpower, superstar oversleep, overeat, overworksemicircle, semifinished 英语词汇学

38、习策略(1)6、利用构词法前缀意思例 词un-不unhappy, una常见的后缀有：后 缀意 思例 词-er-or-ist-able-ful-less构成名词，表示“的人”“用于的工具”表示“者”，“物”表示“专业人员”构成形容词，表示“可能的”“充满、”“有性质”“没有、”“无、”“不” teacher, farmer, driver, worker, waiter, typewriter, bottle openerauthor, sailor, transistorpianist, scientist, dentistacceptable, eatable, changeablehel

39、pful, useful, colourful, cheerfulhomeless, motherless, careless,useless, hopeless, meaningless 英语词汇学习策略(1)常见的后缀有：后 缀意 思例 词-er构成名词，表示“在学生有了一定的前缀和后缀知识以后，教师可以设计一些练习,以巩固他们这方面的知识,使他们具有扩展词汇的能力。例1：Work out the meaning of the underlined words. There is a misprint in this newspaper . I have mislaid my pipe .

40、 The politician complained that he had been misquoted . The driver misread an important signal. He was accused of misconduct and dismissed from his job 英语词汇学习策略(1)在学生有了一定的前缀和后缀知识以后，教师可以设计一些英语词汇例2：A person who paints is called a .A person who swims is called a .英语词汇学习策略(1)例2：英语词汇学习策略(1)例3. 1）The rese

41、arch worker divided his material into different classes. He his material. 2) The police are sure of the identity of the murderer. They have him. 3)The ugly old witch filled the children with terror. she them. 4) He put the book into simple language .He the book. 5)He tried to show what he had done w

42、as just and right . He tried to what he had done.英语词汇学习策略(1)例3. 英语词汇学习策略(1)2）合成词英语中我们常见到两个或几个英语单词放在一起又重新组合成一个新的词汇，这叫作合成词(compound words)，比如:textbook（教科书）, icy-cold（冰冷的）, blackboard（黑板）, headmaster（校长）, mother-in-law （婆婆）。英语词汇学习策略(1)2）合成词英语词汇学习策略(1)学生在学习合成词的构词方法时，应该注意以下的两点：（1）合成词的重音与词组的重音不一样，合成词的重音，一

43、般在词首，如： greenhouse - green house hotdog - hot dog bluebird- blue bird redcoat - red coat英语词汇学习策略(1)学生在学习合成词的构词方法时，应该注意英语词汇学习策略(1)（2）合成词的意思有时取决于合成词内两个或几个词的意思，如：type writer, bottle opener, blackboard, icy cold等。 但在许多情况下，合成词的意思并不是组成它的每个词意的合成，如：playground, notebook ,redcoat (英国士兵)。 Hotdog(热狗),bluebird (

44、兰鸟)，white-collar（白领工人）等。当学生们在学习这类合成词时，需要在上下文中猜出它们的意思。 英语词汇学习策略(1)（2）合成词的意思有时取决于合成词内两个或几个词的意思，如：例如：学生常常见到教师在教两个名词合成在一起表示一个人的具体职业时，采用下列的方式：He drives buses he is a bus driver. He makes shoes he is a shoemaker. 英语词汇学习策略(1)例如：英语词汇学习策略(1)也可采用：A bus driver is someone who drives a bus. A shoemaker is someone who makes shoes.How do you call someone who plays tennis?How do you call someone is the owns a shop?How do yon