Igoyux大学英语六级改错讲义(张子宏)

1、生命是永久不断的创建，由于在它内部包含着剩余的精力，它不断流溢，越出时间和空间的界线，它不断地追求，以林林总总的自我表现的形式表现出来。泰戈尔大学英语六级改错讲义（张子宏）第一节介词考点1：中心词+介词of例1：Moreandmorepeopleliveintownsandcitiesinsteadonfarmandinvillages.(90/1,No.71)例2：Thefamilysrecreationandsociallifechieflyconsistedadriveinthewagontothenearbysmalltownorvillagetotransactsomebusines

2、saswellastochatwithneighborswhohadalsocometotown.(90/6,No.78)考点2：中心词+介词to例1：Peopleareearninghigherwagesandsalaries.Thisleadschangesinthewayoflife.(90/1,No.76)例2:Similarly,wefeelcomfortablewithpeoplewithphysicalqualitiessimilarasours.(95/1,No.71)考点3：中心词+介词on例1：,butsuchreasonsaretotallydependentintheb

3、alanceofrisksandbenefitsforthepatients.(93/6,No.75)考点4：中心词+介词with例1：Ineveryhomeastereoortelevisionwillfilltheroomssound.(95/6,No.72)考点5：中心词+介词for例1：Bigcitiesoftheworldarewell-knownbytheirnoisiness.(95/6,No.76)j固定搭配:onthecontrary,ononehandontheotherhand,onpurpose,onbusiness,onthewhole,onthespotk表地点，指

4、与某物面会面的接触：onthewall,ontheearth考点6：介词onl表时间，置于某日前:onMay4th,onSunday,onthemorningofm表时间，指“在以后，立刻”:onourarrivalnon和to合成的介词onto:表示运动的方向和场所，意为“到上，在上”。getontothebus,slipontothefloor例1：,onthecontrast,theintimateatmosphereofthesmallcollegeallowsthestudentsfouryearsofstructurallivinginwhichtoexpectandprepare

5、fortherealworld.(96/6,No.79)例2:Menhaveexploredpartsofthemoon,putspaceshipsinorbitaroundanotherandpossiblywithinthedecadewilllandintoanotherplanetandexploreit.(00/1,No.73)考点j介词7：其余常用介词的基本含义in:表示“在（某空间）里面”，构成“in+空间、范围”k介词for:表示“为某一目的而准备”；或许，for用于表示连续的时间;表原由l介词from:表示“特定地址或时间的起点”；或许，指特定的“根源或因由”m介词by:表示

6、“依照，依据,由,依照,”；或许，为“借助于，经过”例1：Onsomefields,thishadclearlynothappened.(96/1,No.78)例2：aboutanAmericanwhohadbeeninvitedtoanArabmealatoneofthecountriesoftheMiddle例3：Ifhewasabsentbecauseofsickness,therewasoftennojobfromhimwhenhereturned.(94/1,No.77)例4：Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell

7、-manneredpersononthewaytheyoccupiedthespacearoundthem.(00/6,No.71)例5：,andwinningaffectionandrespectinthiswaywithoutawareoftheirmethods.(95/1,No.80)例6：Then,abouttenyearsago,whenthisimmenselylongformativeperiodofhuntingforfood,theybecamefarmers.(02/1,S8)第二节动词考点8：使役动词感官动词+sb.dosth.+sb.do/doingsth.例1：Th

8、eybelievethatitwasgoodbusinesstohiremen,womenandchildrenascheaplyaspossible,makethemtoworkashardastheycouldand,(94/1,No.80)例2：Youcanpassanyfactoryorconstructionareaandtheroarofitsmachinerywillmakeyourearsringing.(95/6,No.75)考点9：主语+及物动词+宾语主语+不及物动词例1：Thefarmerarousedatdawnorbeforeandhadmuchworktodo,wi

9、thhisownmusclesashischiefsourceofpower.(90/6,No.75)例2：isahighlypersonalmatter,notadecisionweshouldremaintodoctorsalone.(93/6,No.80)例3：Youmayhavenoticedabouthowpeoplewholiveorworkcloselytogethercometobehaveinasimilarway.(95/1,No.72)例4：Butperhapsweshouldlookatbothsidesofthecoinbeforearrivinghastyconcl

10、usion.(00/1,No.80)例5：HisArabhost,whohadbeenwatching,saidofnothing,butimmediatelycopiedtheactionofhisguest.(00/6,No.80)考点10：分词作定语的用法：j-ing分词+中心词k-ed分词+中心词例1：Soasportsmansindividualwayofwalkingwithraisedshouldersisimitatedbyanadmiredfan.(95/1,No.74)例2：Eventhequietofourcarefullyprotectedwildernessareas

11、canbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassedjet.(95/6,No.79)考点11：动词的-ing与-ed形式在谓语中的用法差别j主语+be+-ingk主语+be+-ed例1：Decidinghowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparingtoputupwithinthenameofbetterhealthis(93/6,No.78)例2:oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoneyandresourcestheyarepouredintothespaceexplorationefforts.(00/1

12、,No.79)考点12：其余需注意的动词用法j常有动词词组为固定短语，不行任意更改，如keepinmind，growup，calloff等。kthus,thereby等副词后常跟动词-ing形式。lconsidering，regarding，concerning可作介词，后来接名词或动名词作介词宾语m连词and连结的并列动词为平行构造，或同为不定式，或同为分词形式。例1：Thistendencyoftechnologytomakeworkerssuperfluousbutatthesametimeallowingtheirnumbertogrowupsolargeiscreatingpsych

13、ologicaltensions.(98/1,No.78)例2：Butwemustkeepinheadthebillionsofdollarswemightspendincarryingouttheproject.(00/1,No.76)例3：Thesmallcollege,however,generallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutoffersabetterstudent-facultyratio,thuspermitindividualizedattentiontostudents.(96/6,No.74)例4：

14、Considerthegreatneedforimprovingmanyaspectsoftheglobalenvironment,oneissurelyjustifiedinhisconcernforthemoney(00/1,No.79)例5：theintimateatmosphereofthesmallcollegeallowsthestudentfouryearsofstructurallivinginwhichtoexpectandpreparingfortherealworld.(96/6,No.80)第三节数词、名词和代词考点13：置于表时间的名词前：置于表距离的名词前：置于表价

15、钱的名词前：基数词fifteenminutes，fiftyhoursfortymiles，fourkilometresthirtydollarsm置于表重量的名词前：threekilogramsn置于表温度的名词前：89oFo表示考试得分：geteighty-eightonthetestp表示尺码，置于表尺码的名词后：wearsizethirty-eightq表示物品数目或数目，置于名词前：twocaps，fournovelsj表示某月中的第几号：onJulythe4th，onthe10thofSeptemberk表示在几世纪：inthe4thcenturyB.C.，intheeighteen

16、thcentury序数词l表示运动会或其余大型活动的第几届：the25thOlympicGamesm表示考试的排名：comein11thinthetestn表示次序或地点，置于名词前：inthe15throw，the2ndlongestriver例1：Inthenineteencentury,farmworkandlifewerenotmuchchangedfromwhattheyhadbeenintheolddays.(90/6,No.73)例：Duringtheearlystagesoftheindustrialrevolution,perhapsoneineveryseventhdeat

17、hsinEuropescrowdedcitieswascausedbythedisease.(00/1,No.75)考点14：名词(noun)j可数名词(countablenoun)单数形式前用a/an；复数形式后加-s或-es。如：ajob，twocakes，threepotatoes。k不行数名词(uncountablenoun)前不行用a/an，但可用the或不用；没有复数形式。以下名词常用作不行数名词：accommodation(食宿),accuracy,advice,baggage,behaviour,bread,cash,clothing,equipment,fun,furnitu

18、re,harm,information,knowledge,leisure,luck,lightning,living,luggage,machinery,money,news,paper,permission,produce(农产品),progress,scenery,traffic,travel,trouble,thunder,weather,work,uncertainty等。例1：Thegovernmentalsoaffectsthekindofworkspeopledo.(90/1,No.79)例2：Itseemsthattheprogressesofmanincludesarisi

19、ngvolumeofnoise.(95/6,No.71)例3：Canwebesoboldastosuggestthatwemaybeabletocolonizeotherplanetwithinthenot-too-distantfuture?(00/1,No.75)例4：Theyspentoveramillionyearevolvingasco-operativehunters.(02/1,S5)例：Therisksanduncertaintiesoffarmingwerenolongeressentialforsurvival.(02/1,S10)考点15：代词照顾人称照顾：是指人称代词、

20、物主代词、反身代词与其指代对象之间的照顾。指示照顾：是由指示代词和指示限制词实现的照顾关系。例1：Thewidespreaduseofsuchelectricalappliancesmeansthatthereisaneedforservicementokeepitrunningproperly.(90/1,No.75)例2：Andifhedoesnoticethematchingofhisgesturesormovements,hefindsitpleasingheisinfluencingpeople:theyaredrawntothem.(95/1,No.78)例：Amansurroun

21、dedbyflamesandsmokegenerallyconsidersthatjumpingoutofasecond-floorwindowisanacceptablerisktosaveitslife.(93/6,No.72)例4：Theworkingmanhadlittleschoolingbeyondhiscraft,andtherewaslittlehopethattheirchildrenwouldhaveanythingbetter.(94/1,No.73)例：Youcanpassanyfactoryorconstructionareaandtheroaroftheirmach

22、inerywillmakeyourearsring.(95/6,No.74)例：breakintheiremployment,oradecisiontoworkpart-time,willslowitsraisesandpromotionsasitwouldformen.(96/1,No.75)例7：Butif98percentofusdontneedtowork,whatarewegoingtodowithoneself?(98/1,No.80)例：Unconsciouslywecopytheseweareclosetoorloveoradmire.(95/1,No.73)考点16：复合不定

23、代词的用法用于陈说句用于疑问句、否认句例1：Thefarmfamilygrewandmadealmostnothingitneeded.(90/6,No.71)例2：Theworkingmanhadlittleschoolingbeyondhiscraft,andtherewaslittlehopethathischildrenwouldhavenothingbetter.(94/1,No.73)考点17：先行代词itj作形式主语：it+“be”+名词/形容词+(of/for+名词/代词+)+不定式k作形式宾语：主语+动词+it+名词/形容词+不定式例1：Theybelievedthatwas

24、goodbusinesstohiremen,womenandchildrenascheaplyaspossible.(94/1,No.79)例2：Whiletechnologymakesthispossibleforfourorevensixbillionofustoexist,italsoeliminatesourjobopportunities.(98/1,No.75)第四节冠词考点18：jby+kby+the+表方式表涉及例：Dishwashersandwashingmachinesdojobsthatwereoncedonebythehand.(90/1,No.74)考点19：bed，

25、church，college，university，school，court，hospital，prison，sea等表地方的名词及名词work用来指相关活动时，一般不用冠词。例1：Dayornight,thesoundoftheworkfillstheair.(95/6,No.77)考点20：the+先行词+同位语从句(that-clause)例：Mostofthedollardifferencesstemfromfactthatwomentendtobemorerecentlyemployedandhavefeweryearsonthejob.(96/1,No.71)考点21：冠词的习习用

26、法习习用定冠词的短语bythewayforthetimebeinginthecaseof(至于inthelongruninthehabitofinthepossessionof)习习用不定冠词的短语allofasuddenasaruleasamatteroffactataloss(手足无措)onalargescaleinahurryhaveagoodtimekeepaneyeonlendahand习习用零冠词的短语atpresentathand(近在手边)atstakeattable(在进餐)atwarbywayof(经由)inhonorofintroubleinorderinplace(适合

27、的)inadvanceinfashion(时髦、流行)infactincase(of)(假如)inpossessionof(拥有)例1：Thistendencyoftechnologytomakewordssuperfluous(剩余)butatsametimeallowingtheirnumbertogrowsolargeiscreatingpsychologicaltensions.(98/1,No.77)考点22：零冠词j表示洲的名词前：如Asia，Europe，America，Africa，Oceaniak表示国家、省市的名词前（但由短语构成的国家，或以-s结尾的国家前需要用定冠词th

28、e）：如China，Russia，France，Beijing，Londonl表示街道、建筑名词前（但有of介词短语修饰时，需用定冠词the，如thetowerofLondon，theGreatWallofChina）：如Broadway，RedSquarem表示大学名称的名词前（但有of介词短语修饰时需用定冠词the，如theUniversityofNorthCarolina）：如YaleUniversity，OxfordUniversity例1：Withoccasionalbreaksforwar,theratesofdeathandinfectionintheEuropeandAmeri

29、cadroppedsteadilythroughthe19thand20thcenturies.(01/6,No.75)考点23：零冠词用法还需熟记以下公式口诀三句泛指a/an特指the，man指人类零冠词，cold，fever前a，violin，guitar乐器the。例1：Viewingbiologically,themodernfootballerisrevealedasamemberofadisguisedhuntingpack.(02/1,S1)第五节形容词和副词考点24：形容词的基本用法j系动词/感官动词+形容词k形容词+名词例1：Theremaybesoundmedicinere

30、asonsforacceptingelectricalshock.(93/6,No.74)例2：Ineverycase,theinfluentialpersonmayunconsciouslynoticetheimitationbuthewillfeelcomfortablyinitspresence.(95/1,No.77)例3：Becauseofitslargestudentbodyconsistingofmanypeoplefromdifferentcountriestheuniversityexposesitsstudentstomanydifferentculture,sociala

31、ndout-of-classprogrammes.(96/6,No.76)例4：Eventheinfectionratewasfalling,populationgrowthkeptthenumberofclinicalcasesmoreorlessconstantlyat8millionayears.(2001/6,No.80)考点25：副词的基本用法j常用副词(多以ly结尾)+被修饰词改错中常用以混同于副词的形容词：改错中形容词,副词同形的常用词：例1：Decidinghowmuchdiscomfortandriskwearepreparedtoputupwithinthenameofbe

32、tterhealthisahighpersonalmatter,notadecisionweshouldremaintodoctorsalone.(93/6,No.79)例2：Eventhequietofourcarefulprotectedwildernessareascanbeinvadedatanymomentbyapassedyet.(95/6,No.78)例3：Manywomen,forexample,havecommittedtheirlivestoteachingcareers,yetrelativefewhavebecomeprincipalsorheadmasters.(96

33、/1,No.80)考点26：形容词，副词的各样比较级形式j同级比较：as+形容词/副词原形+ask非同级比较：l比率式比较：the+形容词/副词的比较级形式A+数词+times/twice+as+形容词原级+as+Bthe+形容词/副词的比较级形式m倍数比较：A+数词+times/twice+more(或其余形容词比较级)than+Bn不行分级比较的词：例1：Whenweconsiderthecomfortablecircumstancesofaworkingfamilytoday,thelifeoftheworkingmanin1882seemsmiserableindeed.Butearl

34、ierithadbeenevenhard.(94/1,No.71)第六节同义词和反义词考点27：构成反义词的常有词缀例1.Bloodpressuredrugsdefinitelyhelpsomepeopleliveafteraheartattack,butthesesamedrugsmaybebothnecessaryandharmfulforthosewithonlymildbloodpressureproblems.(96/6,No.77）例2.Ineverycase,theinfluentialpersonmayconsciouslynoticetheimitationbuthewill

35、feelcomfortableinitspresence.(95/1,No.76)例3.Theneedformorefooddiscouragesdevelopmentofbettertechnologywhichnaturallykeepsmorepeoplealive.(98/1,No.73)例4.Whiletechnologymakesitpossibleforfourorevensixbillionofustoexist,italsoeliminatesourjobopportunities.Intheory,itisimpossiblethatallthegoodsandservic

36、estheworldneedscouldbeproducedbyonly2percentofthepopulation.(98/1,No.76)例5.Nowhehasthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetandmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhehasknownpreviouslyonlydirectly.(2000/1,No.72)例6.Weaskedalady,whorepliedthatshethoughtyoucouldtellawell-manneredpersonbythewaytheoccupiedthespa

37、cearoundthem-forexample,Whensuchapersonwalksdownastreetheorsheisconstantlyunawareofothers.(2000/6,No.72)例7.Hiskillingweaponhasturnedintoaharmlessfootballandhispreyintoagoal-mouth.Ifhisaimisinaccurateandhescoresagoal,enjoysthehunterstriumphofkillinghisprey.(2002/1,No.S2)考点28：常有同义词例1：Betweensunriseand

38、sunset,streetsandhighwaysareaconstantsourceofvoicefromcars,buses,andtrucks.(95/6,No.73)第七节一致考点29：主谓一致原则：谓语动词在人称和数上一定和主语一致。分词短语作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。当and连结两个主语表示一个单调观点时，谓语动词用单数，不然要用复数动词。mTherebe句型中，注意主语与be动词的一致。主语是不行数名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。o假如主语是单数，只管后边跟有with,togetherwith,aswellas,nolessthan,like,but,including等词

39、组连用时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。既然是主谓一致原则，主语和谓语都不可以省略。例1：OneineverysevendeathsinEuropescrowdedcitieswerecausedbythedisease.(01/6,No.73)例2：Therearenogoingbacktoasimple,lesstechnologicallycomplextime.(98/1,No.74)例3:Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewusethatofpenning,controllinganddome

40、sticatingtheirprey.(02/1,S9)考点30：连词在一致性中的:由连词and,aswellas，notonlybutalso等连结的句子构造应保持一致。由连词and,aswellas等连结的词应保持词性一致。连词自己搭配一致性原则。连词与句意一致性原则。常用的并列连结词常用的附属连结词例1：Atthebeginningofthenineteenthcenturyworkinghourswerefromsunrisetosunset,paywasawful,andworkingconditionsbeingpooranddangerous.(94/1,No.72)例2：Ita

41、ppearsthatweallfindcompanyinsound,ifwealldemandalittlequietfromtimetotime.(95/6,No.80)例3：Thelargeuniversityprovidesawiderangeofspecializeddepartments,aswellnumerouscourseswithsuchdepartment.（96/6，No.71）例4:Theyarelikelytotravelmoreandtowantmoreeducation.Nevertheless,manymorejobsareavailableintheseser

42、vices.(90/1,No.78)考点31：定语从句中先行词和指引词一致性原则j先行词为人+指引词k先行词为物+指引词l先行词为地址+指引词m先行词为原由+指引词例1：Thisotherpersontoldusastory,ithesaidwasquitewellknown.(00/6,No.74)例2：Thechildrenattendedasmallelementaryschooltothattheyhadtowalkeveryday,possiblyforafewmiles.(90/6,No.79)第八节时态、语态考点32：时态一致性基根源则主句谓语时态与时间状语从句一致性原则谓语时态与句意一致性原则从句与主句时态一致性原则上下文时态一致性原则例1：Nowhehadthecapabilitytoleavethatplanetandmoveoutintotheuniversetothoseworldswhichhehasknownpreviouslyonlyindirectly.(00/1,No.71)例2：TheAmericanhasntbeentoldverymuchaboutthekindoffoodhemightexpect.(00/6,No.76)例3：Pickingitup,