2023版高三一轮总复习英语（新教材外研版）语法考点突破教案

1、 板块一词形的变换第1讲名词和数词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2021新高考卷) The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we humans (human) are2(2021全国甲卷) Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers (watchtower) to take pictures or just

2、to watch the local people going about their daily routines3(2020浙江卷)Later, they learned to work with the seasons (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate (灌溉) their fields4(2020浙江卷1月)For Japan，the numbers (number) are more striking22 in 1950, 46

3、 today and 53 in 20505(2018全国卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause)1给出名词的单数形式，考查其复数形式；2给出数词的基数词，考查其序数词。考点一名词的数题组试做单句语法填空1The paper was use

4、d for sealing up holes in walls and roofs (roof) in the cold and freezing winter2The pianos (piano) in the other shop will be cheaper，but they are not as good3Many farmers opposed the plan because they feared that wolves (wolf) would kill their farm animals or pets4I spent ten minutes walking up and

5、 down the high street, desperately avoiding eye contact with passersby (passerby)5An ant has two stomachs (stomach)One holds the food for itself and the other is for food to be given to other ants要点解读一、名词单数变复数的规则变化变化规则例词一般情况加smapmaps；girlgirls；househouses；mouthmouths以th结尾的，加smonthmonths；truthtruths以

6、s，x，sh，ch结尾的，加esclassclasses；boxboxes；brushbrushes；matchmatches但是stomach(胃)的复数是stomachs；ox(公牛)的复数是oxen“辅音字母y”结尾的，变y为i加escitycities；countrycountries；partyparties；factoryfactories注意：以元音字母y结尾的则直接加s，如boyboys；toytoys以“辅音字母o”结尾的，一般加estomatotomatoes；potatopotatoes；heroheroes；NegroNegroes；mangomangoes注意：1少数

7、名词加s或es均可，如volcanovolcano(e)s；mosquitomosquito(e)s2少数名词只加s，如pianopianos；photophotos以“元音字母o”结尾的，加sradioradios；zoozoos；bamboobamboos以f，fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加eshalfhalves；leafleaves；shelfshelves；thiefthieves；wolfwolves；wifewives；lifelives；knifeknives以f，fe结尾的，通常变f或fe为v，再加es但是也有的直接加s，如roofroofs；chiefchiefs；还

8、有有两种复数形式的，如handkerchiefhandkerchiefs/handkerchieves合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变成复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变成复数soninlawsonsinlawpasserbypassersbystorytellerstorytellersgobetweengobetweensgrownupgrownups二、名词单数变复数的不规则变化变化情况例词特殊变化childchildren；footfeet；toothteeth；mousemice；manmen；womanwomen注意：由man或woman构成的合成词，其复数形式

9、也是men和women，如an Englishmantwo Englishmen；但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans有些名词的单复数有不同的拼写方法细菌bacterium(单数)bacteria(复数)；资料、数据datum(单数)data(复数)；现象phenomenon(单数)phenomena(复数)考点二名词的所有格题组试做单句语法填空1In addition, the hostess (hostess) cooking will guarantee you a wonderful chance of tasting delicious Chinese food2Th

10、e article concludes that parents (parents) education affects their childrens future3“Todays (today) story is about the success of a poor child，” the teacher said4Wed better stay in a hotel that is just a stones (stone) throw from the railway station for the sake of convenience5Studies show that a ch

11、ilds (child) character is greatly influenced by his/her home environment要点解读名词的所有格1有生命的名词，其所有格一般在名词后加s。his fathers boss 他爸爸的老板2表示时间、城市、地域、团体、机构等无生命的事物后也可加s，表示其所有格。todays paper 今天的报纸Englands shore 英国的海岸the cars design 这辆车的设计3在某些习惯用语中，也需要加s所有格。a stones throw 近在咫尺keep sbat arms length 与某人保持距离；不亲近某人be a

12、t ones wits end 黔驴技穷4如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加s，如果不是共有的则两个名词后都要加s。Jane and Marys mother 简和玛丽的妈妈(共有，暗示简和玛丽是姐妹关系)Janes and Marys mothers 简的妈妈和玛丽的妈妈(不是共有，分别指两位妈妈)5双重所有格：“a/two/some名词of名词s/名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格，“of名词所有格”中的名词必须表示人，不能表示事物。a friend of her mothers 她妈妈的一个朋友two photos of hers 她的两张照片考点三数词基数词与序数词题组试做单句

13、语法填空1Its celebrations happened as early as the fifth (five) century2The elevator broke down and we had to walk up to the tenth (ten) floor3Saturn is the second (two) biggest planet in the solar system4Each year, hundreds (hundred) of the animals are killed for their fur5Im a frequent traveller and I

14、 eat out twice (two) a day6It has been snowing, roughly every third (three) day, for as long as Ive had the flu要点解读一、基数词和序数词1表数量的数词叫基数词，如one, two, three2表顺序的数词叫序数词，如first, second, third, fourth, fifth二、基数词变序数词的规则1一二三要单独记：onefirst, two second, three third2th要从四加起：four fourth, five fifth3eight少个t：eigh

15、t eighth4nine删除e：nine ninth5ve用f来代替：five fifth, twelve twelfth6ty变成tie：twenty twentieth三、序数词的使用1序数词在句中主要作定语，一般情况下序数词前要加定冠词。Monday is the second day of a week星期一是一周的第二天。2序数词前有时加不定冠词，表示“又一、再一”，相当于another。Would you like a second cup of tea? 你还想再来一杯茶吗？I had a third apple我(吃了两个苹果后)又吃了一个苹果。3first, second等

16、有时可表示一批人或物。The first milu deer came from China in the 1860s最早的一批麋鹿是在十九世纪六十年代从中国引进的。四、分数：分子用基数词，分母用序数词；分子大于1，分母用复数1/3: one third；2/5: two fifths第2讲形容词、副词的比较等级前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2021新高考卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets，the hotter (hot)the spring!2(2021

17、全国甲卷)After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what better (good) than to ride on a piece of history!3(2020全国卷) One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present th

18、eir finest (fine) work, so that he could choose the best4(2018全国卷)He screams the loudest (loud) of all5(2017全国卷)Even worse (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up给出形容词、副词，考查其比较级或最高级形式。考点一形容词的比较等级题组试做单句语法填空1He does not think that his beliefs make him any worse (bad) than any other man2

19、Maybe it is because the first impression is the strongest (strong) that China Daily has become one part of my life3The water was simply the container for an act of kindness and loveNothing could be sweeter (sweet)4The bigger (big) the activity inequality of a country is, the higher its rate of obesi

20、ty will be5Of the two lectures, the first was by far the better (good), partly because the speaker had an extraordinary style6Mobile phones are making our life easier (easy), but have reduced the need for facetoface communication7Hes the best teacher in this school, even though he has the least (lit

21、tle) experience8MinKyu Choi, 29, had bought the worlds thinnest (thin) laptop, advertised as being slim enough to fit in an envelope要点解读一、形容词比较等级的规则变化变化规则例词单音节的词，一般在后面加er和esttalltallertallestquickquickerquickest以“辅音字母e”结尾的词，在后面加r和stwidewiderwidestfinefinerfinest以“辅音字母y”结尾的词，变y为i，再加er和esteasyeasierea

22、siestheavyheavierheaviest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写这个辅音字母，再加er和estthinthinnerthinnesthothotterhottest以ow结尾的双音节词，多半加er和estnarrownarrowernarrowest多音节词在前面加more和mostattractivemore attractivemost attractive易错提醒有少数几个双音节以及er，le结尾的词，既可以加er和est，又可以加more和most构成比较级和最高级。如：common，clever，simple，stupid等。二、形容词比较等级的不规则变化go

23、odbetterbest；bad/illworseworst；many/much moremost；oldolder/elderoldest/eldest；littlelessleast考点二副词的比较等级题组试做单句语法填空1Youll have to speak louder (loud)I cant hear you2The new group of students is betterbehaved than the other group who stayed here earlier (early)3Li Hua did very well in the examination,

24、and I did no worse (badly), gaining 98 marks4The detective said，“We must catch the kidnapperThe sooner (soon) the better”5At first sight it looked less (little) like a capital city than a mining camp6Stay farthest (far) from the door if you will be the last person to step out of the elevator7Salesme

25、n and waiters are two of the most (much) common jobs that students try to find during the summer months8I know my sister better (well) than anyone elseOnce she has made up her mind, nothing can change it要点解读一、副词比较等级的规则变化变化规则例词单音节词，一般在后面加er和estfastfasterfastesthardharderhardest以“辅音字母e”结尾的单音节词，在后面加r和s

26、tlatelaterlatest以ly结尾的双音节词，变y为i，再加er和estearlyearlierearliest其他双音节和多音节词在前面加more和mostquicklymore quicklymost quicklyhappilymore happilymost happily二、副词比较等级的不规则变化wellbetterbest; badlyworseworst; muchmoremost; littleless least; farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest第3讲人称代词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2021新高考卷

27、)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitors memoryIt sure does in mine (I)2(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has its (it) origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s3(2020新高考卷)As well as looking at exhibits, visitors can play with compute

28、r simulations (模拟) and imagine themselves (they) living at a different time in history or walking through a rainforest4(2018全国卷)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them (they) alive给出人称代词的主格形式，考查其宾格、所有格形式或反身代词；有时考查形容词性物主代词。考点一主格代词、宾格代词、反身代词题组试做单句语法填空1Nervously faci

29、ng challenges, I know I will whisper to myself (I) the two simple words “Be yourself”2Like university students, US high school students have the freedom to choose the courses that most interest them (they)3On my desk is a photo that my father took of me (I) when I was a baby4If our parents do everyt

30、hing for us (we) children, we wont learn to depend on ourselves5Our neighbors gave us a baby bird yesterday that hurt itself (it) when it fell off its nest6That evening I went to hear him (he) speak and was very impressed by his passion要点解读分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称人称代词主格Iyouhe，she，itweyouthey宾格

31、meyouhim，her，itusyouthem反身代词myselfyourselfhimself，herself，itselfourselvesyourselvesthemselves考点二形容词性与名词性物主代词题组试做单句语法填空1Their (they) job is to find bamboos in the city and return them to the countryside2On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by its (it) mother3P

32、eople in western countries have a lifestyle quite different from ours (we)4Nicky and I both have red hair but hers (she) is lighter than mine5Apart from a few grammatical mistakes, this composition of yours (you) is well written6The lawyer said, “This child is nobodys child until someone makes her t

33、heirs (their) officially”7The President betrayed them when he went back on his (he) promise not to raise taxes8You can get a new set of tools, or else you may use mine (I) for the time being要点解读分类单数复数第一人称第二人称第三人称第一人称第二人称第三人称物主代词形容词性myyourhis，her，itsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshis，hers，itsoursyourstheirs

34、板块二词性的转换第1讲名词转换为形容词、名词或动词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2020全国卷)The beautiful (beauty) long branches covered with pinkcolored buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations2(2020新高考卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art3But then

35、we got an official letter and we were blown awayWe are so proud of herIts wonderful(wonder)4(2019全国卷)They also shared with us many traditional (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were5(2018全国卷)Im a scientist (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys6(2018全国卷) To avoid knee pain，you ca

36、n run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen (strength) your leg muscles(肌肉)，avoid hills and get good running shoes1给出名词，考查其派生出的形容词形式；2给出名词，考查其派生出的另一名词形式；3给出名词，考查其派生出的动词形式。考点一名词转换为形容词题组试做单句语法填空1According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total global (globe) fertilizer c

37、onsumption2Its never too early to make necessary preparations for a healthy and meaningful (meaning) college experience3British Prime Minister paid an official (office) visit to China from Jan31 to Feb24He put his ear to the floor and heard angry (anger) shouts, but no words were distinguishable5The

38、 policy was rejected in favour of a more cautious (caution) approach6She feels guilty (guilt) about spending less time lately with her two kids7There can be no doubt that you will succeed in your scientific (science) research8The USis sending additional (addition) troops to the region where violence

39、 occurs frequently9It is fashionable (fashion) to have short hair nowadays10Unless you respect other peoples religions, horrible (horror) mistakes and conflicts will occur要点解读名词转换为形容词后缀例词alcentrecentral在中心的；中央的originoriginal原来的；起初的crimecriminal 刑事的；犯罪的practicepractical 实际的edgiftgifted有智慧的talenttalen

40、ted有才能的；天才的ialofficeofficial 官方的；正式的facefacial 面部的raceracial 种族的financefinancial 金融的industryindustrial 工业的influenceinfluential 有影响的fulpeacepeaceful和平的；安静的；和睦的meaningmeaningful有意义的；意味深长的wonderwonderful精彩的；令人高兴的；令人惊奇的lesshopehopeless 没有希望的useuseless 没用的helphelpless无助的endendless无尽的ablefashionfashionabl

41、e流行的；时髦的reasonreasonable公平的；合理的valuevaluable有价值的；宝贵的ibleaccessaccessible可到达的；可进入的；可使用的；易懂的horrorhorrible极坏的；恐怖的creditcredible可信的；可靠的ousdangerdangerous有危险的；不安全的couragecourageous勇敢的；无畏的ambitionambitious有雄心的；有抱负的；有野心的yguiltguilty感到内疚的；有过失的；有罪责的tastetasty美味的；可口的hungerhungry饥饿的；挨饿的icsciencescientific科学的e

42、nergyenergetic精力充沛的；充满活力的economyeconomic经济的；经济上的ishselfselfish自私的childchildish孩子气的；稚嫩的foolfoolish愚蠢的；傻的atefortunefortunate幸运的；吉利的affectionaffectionate表示关爱的icalgrammargrammatical语法的historyhistorical(有关)历史的；有关历史研究的tconfidenceconfident有信心的silencesilent沉默的absenceabsent缺席的；茫然的lycostcostly昂贵的friendfriendl

43、y友好的orderorderly有秩序的daydaily日常的考点二名词转换为名词、动词题组试做单句语法填空1The villager(village) autonomy is great innovation in the rural political system2She was once in deep despair in her childhood (child) because of her physical illness3The President set the targets for the future to promote friendship (friend) wi

44、th European countries4MsGreen has asked me to deputize (deputy) for her at the meeting5In addition, planting trees helps improve and beautify (beauty) the environment6She had to choose (choice) between giving up her job or hiring a babysitter7She knew that Soli was trying to frighten (fright) her, s

45、o she smiled to hide her fear8These human activities will endanger (danger) wildlife and affect the balance of ecosystem要点解读一、名词转换为名词后缀例词erastronomyastronomer天文学家villagevillager村民engineengineer工程师istartartist艺术家physicsphysicist物理学家novelnovelist小说家ianmusicmusician音乐家；作曲家librarylibrarian图书馆馆长；图书管理员pol

46、iticspolitician从政者；政治家hoodchildchildhood童年；孩童时期neighborneighborhood街坊；街区mothermotherhood母亲身份；母性shipfriendfriendship友谊；友情scholarscholarship奖学金；学问championchampionship冠军称号；锦标赛二、名词转换为动词前缀例词endangerendanger使遭危险；危及；危害courageencourage鼓励；激励后缀例词enfrightfrighten使惊吓；使惊恐strengthstrengthen加强；强化lengthlengthen使变长e

47、breathbreathe呼吸bathbathe洗澡；沐浴ifybeautybeautify美化；装饰identityidentify识别；确认classclassify分类；归类izememorymemorize 记忆summarysummarize 总结apologyapologize道歉第2讲动词转换为名词或形容词前沿最新动态题型高考典题试做命题角度解读语法填空1(2021新高考卷) But thats how nature isalways leaving us astonished (astonish)2(2021全国乙卷)It is different from tradition

48、al tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated (educate)about the areasboth in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development (develop) of the local areas3(2020全国卷)Chinese New Year is a celebration (

49、celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring4(2019全国卷)In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a belief (believe) that populations are increasing5(2019全国卷)When they were free from work,

50、they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting competition (compete) to watch, together with the story behind it1给出动词，考查其派生出的名词形式；2给出动词，考查其派生出的形容词形式。考点一动词转换为名词题组试做单句语法填空1There is no requirement (require) for you to start except a pair of comfortable walking shoes，and love for fres

51、h outdoor air2The school said “the course is aimed at improving the students awareness of Chinese characters and their appreciation (appreciate) of Chinese culture”3If cancers are spotted early，there is a high chance of survival(survive)4She failed to gain admission (admit) to the university of her

52、choice, which made her very disappointed5Public worries about accidents are threatening the very existence (exist) of the nuclear power industry6One possible explanation (explain) declared by one doctor was that John lost his sight as a result of a hard blow in a terrible accident7Police have stress

53、ed that this is the most accurate description (describe) of the killer to date8Eating animal brains regularly helps you get motivated, improve your memory and lessen pressure (press) from studies9It was a very tough decision (decide) but we feel we made the right one10My father has made a full recov

54、ery (recover) from the operation要点解读动词转换为名词后缀例词alapproveapproval赞成；批准arrivearrival到来；到达survivesurvival幸存proposeproposal提议；建议anceenceappearappearance出现；外貌guideguidance指引；指导performperformance表演；节目existexistence存在；生存preferpreference偏爱referreference参考；查阅differdifference 不同；差异ionitionationattractattracti

55、on吸引competecompetition比赛；竞争inviteinvitation邀请；请柬graduategraduation毕业expectexpectation期待；期望explainexplanation解释(s)sionconcludeconclusion结论discussdiscussion讨论；辩论decidedecision决定admitadmission接纳；准许入学permitpermission允许inghearhearing听力；听觉beginbeginning开始 mentachieveachievement功绩；成就argueargument辩论；论据treat

56、treatment对待；治疗judgejudg(e)ment判断ureturefailfailure失败；故障departdeparture离开；出发presspressure压力mixmixture混合；混合物exposeexposure暴露；曝光closeclosure关闭signsignature签名yrecoverrecovery恢复；痊愈discoverdiscovery发现deliverdelivery传递；分娩injureinjury伤害agemarrymarriage结婚；婚姻postpostage邮资packpackage包裹storestorage贮存；保管useusage

57、用途ereeorressaremployemployer雇主；老板employee雇员；职员interviewinterviewer主持面试者；采访者interviewee参加面试者；接受采访者beginbeginner新手；初学者actactor男演员actress女演员conductconductor指挥员；售票员inventinventor发明者；发明家begbeggar乞丐lieliar说谎者；撒谎者antapplyapplicant申请人；求职者assistassistant助理；助手attendattendant服务员；侍者participateparticipant参与者；参加者

58、serveservant佣人；公务员其他explodeexplosive炸药representrepresentative代表growgrowth生长tendtendency趋向；趋势complaincomplaint抱怨pursuepursuit追求flyflight飞行考点二动词转换为形容词题组试做单句语法填空1The Visitors Centre，its exhibition，and the garden are accessible (access) to wheelchair users2Therefore, you need to find a reliable (rely) o

59、nline bookstore that will be able to provide fast deliveries3What is acceptable (accept) in one country can be considered extremely rude in another4Since she was born, Hello Kitty has gained impressive (impress) popularity among children5She is wearing a different (differ) dress every time I see her

60、6Because of his great achievements, he was thought to be more creative (create) than the common person7Yet，failure is good，because every abandoned (abandon) line we painstakingly remove prepares us for the ripe poem around the corner要点解读动词转换为形容词后缀例词ableacceptacceptable可接受的admireadmirable令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的a