人教版英语八年级下册单元知识点总结

1、Unit1whatsthematter?1.Whatsthematter？怎么了？若是询问“某人怎么了？要用“Whatsthematterwithsb。？”拓展：Whatsthematterwithsb?的同义句：Whatswrongwithsb.？/Whatsthetroublewithsb.？中考再现：Hi，John？ItsLucy，mydogHerlegishurtAHowareyouBWhatsthematterCWhosthatD。WhatsLucylike2疾病类短语:.havea+疾病.e。g.:haveafever发烧haveacold感冒haveacough咳.r.嗽。hav

2、ea+身体部位-ache,e。g。：haveaheadache头痛haveatoothache牙痛.haveasore+身体部位。eg。:haveasorethroat咽喉痛haveasoreback背痛中考再现：Mom,IImsorrytohearthat，dearWemustgotoseethedentistrightaway。A。haveaheadacheBhaveastomachacheC。haveatoothacheDhaveafeverliedown躺下V.躺，平躺。现在分词是lying。e。g。：Dontlieinbedallmorning！拓展：lie的词性和含义总结。V。位于

3、，坐落在。e。g。：JapanliestotheeastofChina.。V撒谎，说谎。lietosbo对某人撒谎。e。g。：Dontbelieveherbecauseshealwayslies。.N.谎言。telllies/alie说谎。e.g.:Youshouldnttellliestoyourparents.注意含义过去式过去分词躺，平躺位于理落在laylain撒谎，说谎liedlied4.if引导的条件状语从句时，主将从现。中考再现：Stopsmoking，Joe!Youyourselfifyoukeepondoingitlikethat.A.willkillB.havekilledC

4、。killD.killedseesbdoingsth。表示“看到某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行seesb.dosth.表示“看到某人做某事”，强调动作经常发生或看到某个动作发生的全过程e.g.:Wesawtheboyplayingcomputergames。Weoftenseetheboyplaycomputergames。Wesawtheboylockthedoorandwalkoutoftheroom。WhenIwalkedthroughtheplayground,Isawmyfriendsfootball.A。playB.toplayC。playingD.isplaying5.get

5、短语getup起来，起床getto（=reach,arriveinat）到达geton上车getoff下车getinto陷入，参与getin进入，到达getback回来getready（for。.。）（为）做准备getonwellwithsb。和某人和睦相处toonessurprise令某人惊讶的是；surprise是名词，惊讶，惊奇。havetrouble/difficultydoingsth。做某事时遇到困难。IalwayshavemuchtroubleEnglishwords.Canyougivemesomeadvice?A.torememberB。rememberC.rememberi

6、ngbeusedtodoingsth.习惯做某事。e。g.：Theyareusedtolivinginthebigcity。usedtodosth。过去常常做某事。e。g。：Heusedtoplayfootball，butnowhelikesplayingbasketball。takerisks/arisk。冒险。riskV。冒险。runout用完，用尽，主语通常是“时间，金钱食物等无生命的东西。eg。：Allthemoneyranout。.runoutof用完，主语通常是人。eg。：Wehaverunoutofourpocketmoney。11.off短语：turnoff关闭,关掉takeo

7、ff起飞，脱掉putoff推迟，拖延getoff下车giveoff发出，散发setoff出发中考再现：Wehavetothebikeridebecauseofthebadweather。A.putoffB.turnoffC.takeoffD。getoff。importantadj。重要的unimportantad不重要的importancen。重要性中考再现FromtheshowRunningMan,wecanlearntheofteamspirit.makeadecision=decide后接不定式，“做出决定，决定”Imadeabigtostopdoingmyjobforafewmonth

8、s。beincontrolof掌管，控制outofcontrol脱离控制中考再现：Thecarwasoutofandhitatreebytheroad.A.dangerB.breathC。controlD.practice。keep（on）doingsth.继续做某事，坚持做某事.中考再现：Hekeptsothathecouldbeinhealth.A.exerciseB.exercisingC。toexercise。giveup“放弃”代词放中间giveupdoingsth.放弃做某事中考再现:Nomatterhowharditis，dont.Thingswillbebetterinthef

9、uture.A。giveoutB.giveupC。giveaway重难点全解:情态动词shouldshould的用法作情态动词时，表责任和义务,意为“应当，应该”，可用于任何人称。肯定句主语+should+动词原形+其他否定句主语+shouldnot/shouldnt+动原+其他一般疑问句Should+主语+动原+其他？特殊疑问句特殊疑问词+should+主语+动词原形？近义表达：oughtto/besupposedtodo翻译：现在你应该戒烟了。15.易错易混全解toomany表示“太多，修饰可数名词的复数toomuch表示“太多”，修饰不可数名词muchtoo表示“太，修饰形容词或副词Th

10、emeatis_expensiveandeatingmeatisntgoodforourhealth.A.toomuch，muchtooB.toomuch,toomuchC.muchtoo,toomuchD.muchtoo,toomanybecause是连词，“因为，由于”，引导原因状语从句becauseof是介词短语，因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词Milliemadeafewmistakesintheexamhercarelessness.A.becauseB.sothatC。asaresultD。becauseofdieV.“死，去世，逝世”deadadj.“死的，死亡的”death

11、n。死，死亡”中考再现:LeiFengformanyyears,buthisspiritisstillencouragingus。A.diedB.hasdiedC。wasdeadD.hasbeendeadUnit2Illhelptocleanupthecityparks。1.hopetodosth。希望做某事,含hopetodosth。的句子可以转换为宾语从句。eg：Ihopetopasstheexam。=IhopethatIcanpasstheexam。agreetodosth.同意做某事decidetodosth。决定做某事refusetodosth。拒绝做某事remembertodost

12、h。记得做某事forgettodosth。忘记做某事trytodosth。尽力做某事wanttodosth.想要做某事2“动词+up”的短语小结：cleanup打扫干净cutup切碎growup长大setup熬夜setup建立,设立stayup熬夜wakeup醒来,叫醒takeup占用giveup放弃useup用完cheerup使振作起来，使高兴起来（代词必须放中间）putup搭建，张贴makeup组成，编造endup最终成为，最后处于中考再现：ManyvolunteerswillhelptothecityparksnextparksnextFriday。A。giveupB.pickupC。c

13、leanupgiveout：发出，放出（热光等）Thesungivesoutlightandheattotheearth用完，耗尽Wehadjustreachedhomewhenthepetrolgaveout。公布，发表Thenewsoftheeventwasgivenoutovertheradio.give的短语:giveaway捐赠，赠给giveup放弃giveback归还giveoff发出，放出givein让步，屈服givesb。sth。=givesth.tosb给某人某物putoffdoingsth推迟做某事eg。：Wecantputoffmakingaplan。常见的put短语:p

14、uton穿上，戴上putout熄灭，扑灭putup搭起，升起，张贴putupwith容忍putaway收起来中考再现:Teupwith提出，想出（答案,计划等）Hemanyideastosolvetheseproblemalready。usedto变否定句或疑问句时常借助助动词did。肯定句主语+usedto+动词原形。否定句主语+didntuseto+动词原形。一般疑问句肯定答语Yes主语+did否定答语No,主语+didnt&care的延伸：派生词：careful小心的carefully小心地careless粗心的carelessly粗心地短语：carefor照顾，喜欢careabout关

15、心，在意takecare小心takecareof照顾，照料such+a/an+形容词+名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词“如此。”注意:当名词前有many,much，few，little修饰时，要用so,而不用such.中考再现：WehadawfulweatherwecouldntfinishtheworkontimeAso,thatB。such,thatCsuchan，that-ing是名词后缀eg：reading阅读writing写作spelling拼写swimming游泳skating滑冰fishing钓鱼smoking抽烟11besatisfied/pleasedwith。对。满意sa

16、tisfactionn。满意，满足12常见的“take+介词/副词短语：takedown写下，拆除takeoff起飞，脱掉takeout取出，掏出takein吸收takeover接管takeaway带走takeup占用takeback收回中考再现：Imyfatherswetshoesandwashedhisfeet。AtookoutBtookoffCtookplace13常见的“动词+away”的短语：throwaway扔掉，丢弃runaway逃跑getaway逃离passaway逝世keepaway离开，使不接近takeaway带走goaway离开putaway收起来giveaway捐赠st

17、ayaway远离-Whatareyoudoing，Mum?-Imsomeoldthingsforayardsale。AgivingawayBhurryingupCcleaningoutDwalkinginto14besimilarto和。相似/类似e。g:Hisdressissimilartomineincolor15常考的不同时态的被动语态：一般现在时am/is/are+done一般过去时was/were+done现在进行时am/is/arebeing+done一般将来时willbe+doneam/is/aregoingtobe+done现在完成时have/hasbeen+done中考再现:

18、ThesemodelcarsinChinain2013。aremadeB。weremadeC。makeD。made16.makeit+adj（+forsb。）+todosth。使某人做某事。findit+adj。（+forsb。）+todosth。发现.。.怎么样17beexcitedabout因而兴奋不已e。g。：Wewereexcitedaboutthegoodnews。同根词:excitev。使激动，使兴奋excitedadjo激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰人）excitingaj令人激动的，兴奋的（常用来修饰事或物）excitementn。激动，兴奋Theyareaboutthenews。

19、Aexcited,excitedBexciting,excitingCexciting,excitedDexcited，exciting18could的用法：表建议，语气较委婉“可以”eg：Youcouldhelptocleanthepark.can的过去式，表示过去具备的能力。eg。:Shecouldndressherselfuntilfive。19动词不定式的用法A动词不定式的语法功能作主语TolearnEnglishwellisveryimportant=ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell。作表语Myjobistolookafterpatients。作

20、宾语Wewanttogoswimming。作宾语补足语Sheinvitedmetogototheconcert作定语Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou。作状语Shegotupearlytocatchtheearlybus.中考再现：Iwastiredout，soIstoppedthecarashortrest。AhaveBhavingC。tohaveDhad状语：状语是用于说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等的一种句法成份状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当其位置一般放在句末，但也可放在句首或

21、句中。1副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副词或全句的词，说明时间,地点，程度，方式等概念HespeaksEnglishverywell他英语说得非常好（very是程度副词,用来修饰wellverywell是修饰speak的程度状语）2。介词短语Theboywaspraisedforhisbravery。那个男孩因为他的勇敢受到了表扬。（forhisbravery在句中作原因状语）3。从句作状语IfIamnotbusytomorrow，Iwillplayfootballwithyou如果我明天不忙，我将和你一起踢足球.（IfIamnotbusytomorrow在句中作条件状语）不定式在句子中可以

22、作目的状语.Icomespeciallytoseeyou.我专门来看你。（toseeyou在句中充当目的状语）分词作状语Havinghadaquarrelwithhiswife,helefthomeinabadtemper和他妻子吵架后，他生气地地离家出走了。（havinghadaquarrel在句中作时间状语）Remindednottomisstheflightat15：20，themanagerleftfortheairportinahurry。（remindednottomisstheflightat15：20在句中作时间状语）由于时间关系,所附例句有限，希望你能对状语有一个概要的了解。

23、B“特殊疑问词+动词不定式”结构动词不定式可以用在疑问词what,how，when，where,which等之后，作主语,宾语，表语等。e.g.:Howtogetthereisaproblem。（作主语）Idontknowwhattosay。（作宾语）ThequestionishowtolearnEnglishwell。（作表语）中考再现：Itsimportantforustoknowallthesubjects.-Yeah，groupworkismyfavorite。A.howtostudyB。whentostudyC.whichtostudyD.whattostudyC含动词不定式的常用搭

24、配有些动词只能跟动词不定式作宾语plan,hope,agree，decide等.e。g.：Weplantogoclimbing。Myfatheragreedtotakeustothemuseum。Theydecidetojointheswimmingclub。有些动词后要跟动词不定式作宾语补足语:wantsb.todosth.想要某人做某事tellsb。todosth.告诉某人做某事encouragesb.todosth.鼓励某人做某事warnsb。todosth。警告某人做某事asksb.todosth.请求某人做某事advisesb。todosth.建议某人做某事中考再现：Weadvise

25、parents_theirchildrenathomealoneinordertokeepthemawayfromdanger.A。leavingB。nottoleaveC.leaveD.toleave20.repair,mend,fix区别repair意为“修理”，修理的对象着重于破损，毁坏或发生故障不能正常使用的物体。e.g.：WhenIgothome，mybrotherwasrepairinghisradio.mend意为“修理”，修理的对象是一些琐碎的物品如粘贴的小用具,玩具，要缝补的衣物等。e.g。：Mykiteisbroken.Canyoumendit？fix意为“修理，强调校准，

26、校正e。g.:Hesoutsidefixingthebrakesinthecar。21.alone,lonely区别alone可以作形容词，副词，强调独自一人，没有同伴。作形容词时，在句中多用作表语或宾语补足语,不能作定语。lonely只能作形容词，意为“孤独的，寂寞的”带有一定的感情色彩Iwasalone，butIdidnotfeellonely.中考再现：Shelivesinasmallvillage,butshedidntfeelA.lonely，lonelyB。alone,lonelyC。lonely，alone22open,close,turnon,turnoffopenclose用

27、于能直接打开或关上的东西，如：门，窗，盒子，书turnonturnoff用于需要通过按钮，遥控或旋转才能打开的东西，如：电器（灯，电视电脑）或水龙头tap23.bring,take,carry,fetchbring意为“带来，指把某人或某物从别的地方带到说话人处take意为“带走”，指把某人或某物从说话人处带到别的地方carry一般指“随身携带”，此外多用于汽车，火车的交通工具时，表“运载fetch表示“去取来，口语中常用get,表示“去某地取某物，再回来”，表双向动作Unite3Couldyoupleasecleanyourroom?l-CouldLyoupleasedosth.?”的答语以

28、下两种情况:接受请求时可以用Yes,sure/SureJOfcourse。/Certainly。/NoproblemJMypleasure。/Itsmypleasure。/Withpleasure。等来回答拒绝请求时可以用Sorryo/Sorry,Icant。等来回答，还可以用Ihavetodosth。来解释原因其否定句是：“Couldyoupleasenotdosth。？”有关“家务劳动”有关的短语:takeouttherubbish/trash倒垃圾foldonesclothes叠衣服sweepthefloor扫地cleantheroom打扫房间makeones/thebed铺床dothe

29、dishes/washthedishes洗餐具throwdown扔下throwat扔向，掷向throwaway扔掉，丢弃中考再现:Recyclingisgood,sodontbottlesornewspapers.A.findoutB。handinC。useupD.throwawaytheminute表示“一。.。就。”,相当于assoonas.（引导时间状语从句）e.g.:Illtellhimtheminutehegetsthere.常见time的短语:allthetime一直，总是attimes不时，有时intime及时ontime按时forthefirsttime第一次innotime立

30、刻，马上atanytime随时atthesame同时haveagood/great/wonderfultime玩的愉快bythetime到。.。的时候中考再现：-Hurryup.Itsalmosttimeforschool。-Dontworry.Wearesuretobeatschool。A.attimesB。ontimeC。allthetimeD.bythetime中考再现：Hurryup。Itsalmosttimeforschool。-Dontworry.Wearesuretobeatschool.否定结构是notas/so.否定结构是notas/soas,表示“不如，比不上。as。as表

31、示“和。一样”，之间要用形容词或副：e.g。：Sheisastallasherelderbrother。中考再现：Look!Thishouseisasasthatone.A.themostbeautifulB。morebeautifulC。beautiful7.so,neither引导的倒装句结构用法so+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的肯定事实也适用于后者时neither+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语当前面叙述的否定事实也适用于后者时中考再现：1dontunderstandthestoryinthenewunit。Whataboutyou,Bob?-。A.NeitherIdo

32、B.NeitherdoIC。SodoIinsurprise惊讶地e。g。：Shelookedatmeinsurprise.宾语从句要用陈述句语序eg。：SheaskedmewhyIlikedcartoons。中考再现：Idliketoknow.Maybeintheforest。whetherwewillgocampingwherewewillgocampingwhetherwillwegocampingwherewillwegocampinginorderto“目的是,为了”，后跟动词原形inordertodosth.表示“为了做某事，否定结构是inordernottodosth。“为了不做某

33、事”。sothat,inorderthat表示“目的是，为了”,用来引导目的状语从句,可以转换为含to，inorderto的句子。中考再现：Inorderforthemeeting，mysisterforcedherselftogetupearlythismorning。A.nottobelateB。notbeinglateC。tobelateD。beinglateprovidesb。withsth.=providesth.forsb。表示“给某人提供某物”.中考再现：Parentsoftentheirchildrensomegoodadvice.A.offer;withB。offer;/C.

34、provide;withD.bothBandC12“动词+on的短语：dependon/upon依赖，依靠，取决于。,由决定geton上车turnon打开comeon快点，加油puton穿上，上演callon号召passon传递concentrateon专心，集中精力中考再现:-Mum,shallwegotothebeachtomorrow?-Ittheweather。A.carriesonB。livesonC。dependsonD.holdson13.since作连词，意味“因为,既然,此时引导原因状语从句,表示因果时语气没有because强烈。（介词），自以来，自从Hehaseatenno

35、thingsinceyesterday0（副词），从那以后，此后IsawhiminJune，butwehaventmetsinceo（连词），既然，因为，自以来Hehasbeeninthearmysinceheleftschool.中考再现：IscaredofdogseversinceadoghurtmewhenIwasfiveyearsold.A.willbeB.wasC.havebeenD.wouldbe14.takecareof表示“照顾”,和lookafter,carefor是同义表达；表示“好好照顾某人”要用takegoodcareofsb.=lookaftersb.well.中考再

36、现：Inourdailylife,wemustlearntoourselveswellatanytime.Itsasimportantasstudying。A.dealwithB.worryaboutC。lookafterasaresult意为“结果，因此”eg.:Hedidntstudyhard.，hefailedhisexam.fall的短语小结:fallasleep睡着，入睡fallill生病fallbehind落后falloff跌落，从跌下来falldown跌倒，摔倒fallinlovewith爱上Heandhasbeeninhospitalfortwodays.重点难点全解用coul

37、d提出要求和征求许可用could提出要求常见的结构是Couldyou(please)？译为“你能吗？”或“请你.好吗？”如果同意就用OK。或Noproblem。等来回答。如果不同意就用Sorry，Icant。等来回答，并以委婉的方式来解释原因。中考再现:-Couldyoupleasesweepthefloor,Tom？-Sorry,mum,I.Imdoingmyhomework.A.cantB。mustntC。needntD。maynotCouldyoupleaseturnofftheTV？-，I。Iwanttowatchthesportsnews.A.No；couldntB.Sorry；ca

38、ntC。Sure；canD.Sorry;couldnt用could征求许可常见的结构是CouldI。?可翻译为“我能/可以。吗？”此时回答不用could,习惯上肯定回答用may,can等；否定回答用cant或mustnt(语气中)。中考再现：-CouldIborrowyourbike,please？-。A。OfcourseyoucanB.ItdoesntmatterC.Yes,IdlovetoD。No,thankyou易错易混全解both，either，neither，all，noneboth译为“两者都，用于两者之间，可以和and搭配，bothand表示“。和。都”neither是both的

39、完全否定形式，表示“两个都不”。可以和nor搭配，neither.nor表示“和。都不”either表示“两个人或物中的一个。可以和or搭配，neitheror表示“或者或者。；要么要么。”all译为“全部，用于三者或三者以上的人或物之间none是all的完全否定形式，译为“没有一个”中考再现JiefangbeiisnotfarfromChaotianmen.Youcaneasilyvisitinaday.A.eachB。noneC。bothD.neitherborrow,lend，keepborrow表示“借；借来借入，指向别人借来东西，搭配是borrowsthfromsb.lend表示“借

40、给，借出”，指把东西借给别人，搭配是lendsb.sth。或lendsth。tosb.keep表示“长时间地借用”，可以和时间段以及howlong搭配中考再现：ThelibrariantoldmethatIcouldthesemagazinesfor3days.A.borrowB。buyC.keepD.returnUnit4Whydontyoutalktoyourparents?1.allowsb。todosth.“允许某人做某事”，也可以是allowsb.sth.其被动语态是“主语+beallowedtodosth。，“某人被允许做某事”中考再现：Myparentsdidntallowmet

41、otheparty。A.goB。togoC.goesD。wenthangout闲逛eg。:Sheoftenhangsoutinthesupermarket.2.Whatswrong（withsb.）?=Whatsthematter？询问“某人怎么了”eg。:-Whatswrongwithyou？-Idontfeelwell。wrong作形容词，意为有毛病的，错误的”。近义词：false错误的incorrect不正确的。反义词：right正确的correct正确的eg。:Theressomethingwrongwithmybike.3.till,until用于肯定句时，主句的动词用延续性动词，它

42、所表示的动作一直持续到till或until表示的时间为止，意为“直到。为止Wellwaituntiltherainstops。用于否定句时，主句的动词一般是非延续性动词，它所表示的动作直到till或until所表示的时间才发生，意为“直到。（才）Theydidnotreturnhomeuntilitbegantorain.中考再现：Juliedidntleaveherofficethepolicearrived.A.HoweverB.wheneverC。whileD。untilwhynotdosth。？=whydontyoudosth。？“为什么不做某事呢？中考再现：WecaninviteNi

43、ckandNoratoShanghaiDisneylandwithus。-?Illgivethemacallrightnow。lookthrough翻阅，浏览lookat看lookfor寻找lookafter照顾lookdown向下看lookaround环顾，往四下看lookup向上看，查阅lookout小心lookupto仰慕，看得起lookdownon看不起lookover仔细检查lookforwardto期待中考再现:-Ifoundmysistermythingsandtookmynewmagazines.WhatshouldIdo？-Iguessyoushouldtellheritsn

44、otright.A.lookingthroughB.lookingupC。lookingforfindsb.doingsth.意为“发现某人正在做某事”Ifoundmysisterwithherfriendsinthegarden。A.playsB。playingC。playedD.toplaysothat意为“以便；以使”，引导目的状语从句so.that表示“如此。以至于”，so后跟形容词或副词，that后引出结果状语从句such.。that意思和so。that相同，但such后跟名词,so后跟形容词或副词中考再现:-WhereisTom?HeispracticingEnglishhecan

45、winthespeechcompetition。A。tospeak；inordertoB.speaking;sothatC.speaking；inordertoD.tospeak；sothatalthough，though,eventhough都可以用来引导让步状语从句，它们都不能和but同时使用.中考再现：Mikedidntwintherace，hewasstillwearingasmileonhisface。A.IfB。SinceC。AlthoughD.Becauseworkout解决（问题）,改善（状况）pointout指出goout出去findout发现，查明takeout取出，掏出t

46、urnout结果是runout用完-Ibelievethatyoucanthisproblembyyourself。-Thankyouforyourencouragement.A.workoutB.takeoutC.turnoutD。runoutgetonwith=getalongwith和睦相处，关系良好geton/alongwellwithsb.和某人相处得很好中考再现:Weshouldthinkmoreofothersifwewanttothem.A。getonwellwithB.hearofC.getreadyforD.hearfromarguewithsb.和某人争吵，和某人争论Do

47、nttrytohimuntilhescooleddown。whatever=nomatterwhat无论什么，不管什么eg。:Whateveryousay，Iwontbelieveyou.offer的搭配：offersth。tosb。=offersb.Sth。给某人提供某物Theyofferedussometents（帐篷）。=Theyofferedsometentstous。offertodosth.主动提出做某事Heofferedtotakemetothemuseum。中考再现：-HowsBobnow?-Ihearthecompanyhimaverygoodjob，butheturneditdown。A.donatedB。servedC。offeredD。Introducedcommunicatewithsb.和某人交流，和某人沟通名词形式：communication中考再现：Afteryouarguewithyourparentsyoumust（交流）withthemandexpla