2022-2023学年江苏省连云港市灌南华侨高级中学高三第二次诊断性检测英语试卷含解析

1、2022-2023学年高考英语模拟试卷考生请注意：1答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内，不得在试卷上作任何标记。2第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后，需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内，第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。3考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。考试结束后，请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分 （共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1One of the true tests of leadership is the ability to recognize a problem _ it becomes an emergency.AwhenBbeforeCaf

2、terDunless2Maybe there is some business aspect to the Royal Wedding of William and Kate Middleton but _ what people are interested in, its a hugely popular event around the world.Ain spite ofBin honor ofCin terms ofDin case of3Please call my secretary to arrange a meeting this afternoon，or_ it is co

3、nvenient to you.AwhereverBhoweverCwhicheverDwhenever4Are you doing your homework？No, Im writing a short playIt _ at the Christmas partyAwill be put onBwill put onCputs onDis put on5Jenny nearly missed the flight _doing too much shopping.Aas a result ofBon top ofCin front ofDin need of6The biggest pr

4、oblem for most plants, which _just get up and run away when threatened, is that animals like to eat them.Ashall notBcantCneedntDmustnt7Since you are my daughters classmate, wed like to _ you _ tonight.Aput ; downBput ; inCput ; offDput ; up8Life teaches us not to regret over yesterday, for it _ and

5、is beyond our control.ApassedBwill passChas passedDhad passed9Try to be independent, for your parents cant do _ for you all your life.AsomethingBnothingCeverythingDanything10Mary was pleased to see that the seeds she _ in the garden were growing.Awas planting Bhas planted Cwould plant Dhad planted11

6、Mr. Chapman retired at 70 after he nearly 40 years with the Gas CompanyAhad spentBhas spentCspendsDwould spend12While interacting with people in India, I was _ to a way of life completely different from my own.Areduced Bexposed Ccommitted Dtransferred13So popular _ in his adopted hometown that he ha

7、s been named honorary citizen of Beijing.AStephon Marbury isBStephon Marbury will beCis Stephon MarburyDwill Stephon Marbury be14The hall of the school can one thousand people.AsitBseatCbe satDbe seated15Not having worked out the program, _ leave the office. Aso he was forbidden to Band he didnt wan

8、t toChis little son couldnt make him Dbe couldnt free himself to16Thanks to the special chemical _ of the soil in the mountainous area, this economic plant grows well there.Acomposition BcompetenceCconstruction Dconclusion17What do you think of Tom? He has been working very hard. _ he is an advanced

9、 worker. ANo wonderBNo doubtCNo worryDNo problem18Computers can do nothingBut once _what to do, they show extraordinary power to do a great dealAto programBbeing programmedCprogrammedDhaving programmed19Please remind your grandpa to take medicine on time, for a man of his age _be very forgetfulAneed

10、BmustCshallDcan20Ladies and gentlemen, on behalf of our government, Id like to _ a sincere welcome and heartfelt gratitude.Aexploit BexposeCexpand Dextend第二部分 阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。21（6分） Here is a record of the discussion about AI (artificial intelligence) conducted by several

11、 scientists.Scientist A: I would say that we are quite a long way off developing the AI, though I do think it will happen within the next thirty or forty years. We will probably remain in control of technology and it will help us solve many of the worlds problems. However, no one really knows what w

12、ill happen if machines become more intelligent than humans. They may help us, ignore us or destroy us. I tend to believe AI will have a positive influence on our future lives, but whether that is true will be partly up to us.Scientists B: I have to admit that the potential consequences of creating s

13、omething that can match or go beyond human intelligence frighten me. Even now, scientists are teaching computers how to learn on their own. At some point in the near future, their intelligence may well take off and develop at an ever-increasing speed. Human beings evolve biologically very slowly and

14、 we could be quickly substituted. In the short term, there is the danger that robots will take over millions of human jobs, creating a large underclass of unemployed people. This could mean large-scale poverty and social unrest. In the long term machines might decide the world would be better withou

15、t humans.Scientists C: Im a member of the campaign to Stop Killer Robots. Forget the movie image of a terrifying Terminator stamping on human skulls and think of whats happening right now: military machines like drones, gun turrets and sentry robots are already being used to kill with very little hu

16、man input. The next step will be autonomous “murderbots” following orders but finally deciding who to kill on their own. It seems clear to me that this would be extremely dangerous for humans. We need to be very cautious indeed about what we ask machines to do.1、What is Scientists B worried about?AA

17、I technology will destroy the earth.BComputers cant think by themselves.CRobots will take the place of humans.DHumans will be unhappy without machines.2、What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?AI launch the campaign to Stop Killer Robots.BWe forget the movie image of a te

18、rrifying Terminator.C“Murderbots” cant decide by themselves.D“Murderbots” will be against humans orders.3、Which statement is RIGHT according to the record?AScientist A thinks AI technology will never develop.BThe employment will be affected by AI technology in the future.C“Murderbots” will follow th

19、e orders of their manufactures in the wars.DAll the three scientists agree that AI technology will benefit human beings.4、Who agree(s) AI has more negative aspects than positive aspects?AScientist ABScientist BCScientists B&CDScientists B&A22（8分） Lucy， whose skeleton（骨骼） was discovered in Ethiopia i

20、n 1974， died shortly after she fell out of a tree， according to a new study published Monday in the British journal NatureFor their research， Kappelman and Dr Richard Ketcham used a CT scanner to create more than 35，000 slices of Lucys skeleton Scientists named her Lucy from the Beatles song Lucy in

21、 the Sky with Diamonds， which was played at the camp the night of her discoveryThe following analysis of the slices showed sharp， clean breaks seen at the end of Lucys right humerus （肱骨） are similar to bone breaks seen in victims of fallsThe researchers concluded that these and other breaks in her s

22、keleton show that Lucy， who is believed to have stood about 3 feet 6 inches and weighed about 60 pounds， fell feet first and used her arms to support herself but that the injury was too severe to have been survivableThe researchers estimate that Lucy was going about 35 miles an hour when she hit the

23、 ground after falling from a height of roughly 40 feet， according to the statementThat sounds plausible But other scientists are doubtful There are countless explanations for bone breaks， Dr， Donald C， Johanson， director of the Institute of Human Origins and one of the scientists who discovered Lucy

24、， said， The suggestion that she fell out of a tree is largely a justso story and therefore unprovable Johanson said it was more likely that Lucys breaks occurred long after she died， saying that elephant bones appear to have the same kind of breaks， Its unlikely they fell out of a treeBut the new re

25、search focused on a small number of breaks that are consistent with highenergy bonetobone influences and which differ from the sorts of breaks commonly seen in other collected bones Kappelman responded in an email， These appear to have occurred at or near the time of death 1、What can we infer about

26、Lucy from Kappelman and Dr Richard Ketchams research？AShe got her name from a songBShe had more than 35，000 slicesCShe couldnt use her arms properlyDShe made an effort to save herself2、What does the underlined word plausible in Paragraph 6 probably mean？AReasonableBCreativeCSurprisingDUnbelievable3、

27、Which of the following would Johanson probably agree？AElephants are unlikely to die from fallingBLucy got breaks at or near the time of deathCOther reasons for the breaks should be consideredDLucys bone breaks differ from other bone breaks4、What conclusion can we draw from the passage？ALucy didnt di

28、e from falling out of a treeBThe newly published study was meaninglessCThe argument on how Lucy died will continueDScientists will find another way to solve the problem23（8分） In A History of Reading, the Canadian novelist Alberto Manguel describes a remarkable transformation of human consciousness,

29、which took place around the 10th century AD: the arrival of silent reading. Human beings have been reading for thousands of years, but in ancient times, the normal thing was to read aloud. With the arrival of silent reading, Manguel writes, the reader was at last able to establish an unrestricted re

30、lationship with the book and the words. The words no longer needed to occupy the time required to pronounce them. The readers thoughts inspected them at leisure, drawing new ideas from them, allowing comparisons from memory or from other books.To read silently is to free your mind to reflect, to rem

31、ember, to question and compare. The cognitive scientist Maryanne Wolf calls this freedom “the secret gift of time to think”. A thousand years later, critics fear that digital technology has put this gift in danger. The Internets flood of information, together with the distractions of social media, t

32、hreatens to overwhelm the space of reading, leaving us in what the journalist Nicholas Carr has called “the shallows”. In Carrs view, the “endless, tempting buzz” of the Internet endangers our very being: “One of the greatest dangers we face,” he writes, “as we give up control over the flow of our t

33、houghts and memories to a powerful electronic system, is a slow damage to our humanness and our humanity.”Theres no question that digital technology presents challenges to the reading brain. But seen from a historical perspective, digital reading and silent reading look like differences of degree, r

34、ather than of kind. To the extent that digital reading represents something new, its potential cuts both ways. Done badly, the Internet reduces us to mindless clickers, racing numbly to the bottom of a bottomless feed; but done well, it has the potential to expand the very contemplative (沉思的) space

35、that we have prized in ourselves ever since we learned to read without moving our lips.In the fifth century BC, Socrates worried that writing would weaken human memory, and stifle(扼杀) judgment. In fact, as Wolf notes in her 2007 book Proust and the Squid: the Story and Science of the Reading Brain,

36、the opposite happened: Faced with the written page, the readers brain develops new capacities.The Internet may cause our minds to wander off, and yet a quick look at the history of books suggests that we have been wandering off all along. When we read, the eye does not progress steadily along the li

37、ne of text; it alternates between saccades little jumpsand brief stops, not unlike the movement of the mouses cursor across a screen of hypertext.Its true that studies have found that readers given text on a screen do worse on recall and comprehension tests than readers given the same text on paper.

38、 But a 2015 study by the German educator Johannes Naumann suggests the opposite. He gave a group of high-school students the job of tracking down certain pieces of information on websites; he found that the students who regularly did research online were better at this task than students who used th

39、e Internet mostly to send email, chat, and blog.A new generation of digital writers prefers to include interactive features. The 2014 iPad novel, Pry, tells the story of a demolition(爆破) expert returning home from the first Gulf War. The story is told in text, photographs, video clips, and audio. It

40、 uses an interface(界面) that allows you to follow the action and shift between levels of awareness. As you read text on the screen, describing characters and plot, you draw your fingers apart and see a photograph of the chief character, his eyes opening on the world. Pinch your finger shut and you vi

41、sit his troubled unconscious; words and images race by, as if you are inside his memory. Pry is the opposite of a shallow work; its whole play is between the surface and the depths of the human mind. Reading it is stimulating.1、In Alberto Manguels opinion, silent reading _.Ais an abnormal thing to h

42、uman consciousnessBoffers readers mind freedom and time to thinkCstrengthens readers power of memory and reflectionDallows readers to gain an insight into books and words2、Why is digital technology considered to have endangered our being?AIt presents challenges to the reading brain.BIt harms our hum

43、anness and humanity gradually.CIt is very likely to expand our contemplative space.DIt leaves our thoughts and memories out of control.3、The sentence “The fear of technology is not new.” should be placed in _.ABCD4、What can we infer from Johannes Naumanns study?AIts easier to collect information on

44、the Internet than in books.BPeoples habit of using the Internet influences their performance.CThe Internet isnt supposed to be used as a tool of entertainment.DPaper reading is better than screen reading in improving comprehension.5、The 2014 iPad novel, Pry, is mentioned in the last paragraph to _.A

45、introduce the occurrence of a reading revolutionBshow the technology employed in digital readingCprove digital reading not shallow but attractiveDillustrate the impact digital reading has on our life.6、What is probably the best title for the passage?AThe deep space of digital readingBThe timely arri

46、val of silent readingCThe development of traditional readingDThe potential damage of electronic books24（8分）It is not hard to find evidence of the success of the “sharing economy”, in which people rent beds, cars and other underused assets directly from each other, or via the internet. One pointer is

47、 the large amount of demand and supply. Airbnb claims that 11m people have used its website to find a place to stay. Lyft, a company that matches people needing rides and drivers wanting a few dollars, has spread from San Francisco to 30-odd American cities. Another sign is the frothy values (泡沫价值)

48、placed on sharing-economy companies: Airbnb is estimated to be worth $10 billion, more than hotel chains such as Hyatt and Wyndham, and Lyft recently raised $250m from venture capitalists. But perhaps the most flatteringand least welcomeindicator of the sharing economys rise is the energy being devo

49、ted by governments, courts and competitors to preventing it.The main battlegrounds are the taxi and room-rental businesses. A court in Brussels has told Uber, another San Francisco ride-sharing and taxi-services startup, to stop operating in the city. Other cities have banned their services outright

50、, or tried other ways of putting spokes in their wheels. Meanwhile the Hotel Association of New York has been lobbying for (游说) stricter enforcement of a rule that bans absent owners from letting their apartments for less than 30 days, which makes most of Airbnbs listings there illegal.The newcomers

51、 opponents, whether competitors, officials or worried citizens, complain that the likes of Airbnb and Lyft dodge (躲避) the rules and taxes that apply to conventional businesses. Regulations exist to keep hotel rooms clean and fire alarms in working order, to stop residential areas being filled with u

52、nlicensed hotels, and to see that drivers are insured, checked for criminality and tested on their knowledge of the streets. Cowboys such as Airbnb, Lyft and Uber, their critics claim, are a danger to an unsuspecting public.The objectors have half a point. Taxes must be paid: a property-owner who re

53、nts a room should declare the income, just as a hotel should. Safety is also a concern: people want some assurance that once they bed down for the night or get into a strangers car they will not be attacked or robbed. Zoning (划分区域) and planning are also an issue: peace-loving citizens may well objec

54、t if the house next door becomes a hotel.Sharing-economy firms are trying to mitigate (缓和) these problems. They have tightened insurance cover for their drivers and have offered to collect hotel taxes. They have an interest in their participants good behavior: as hosts, guests, drivers and passenger

55、s all rate each other online, their need to protect their reputation helps to maintain standards and keep people honest. But if consumers want to go for the cheaper, less-regulated service, they should be allowed to do so.The truth is that most of the rules that the sharing economy is breaking have

56、little to do with protecting the public. The opposition to Lyft and Uber is coming not from customers but from taxi companies, which understand that GPS makes detailed knowledge of the streets redundant (多余的) and fear cheaper competition.This all argues for adaptation, not prohibition. An unlikely p

57、ioneer is San Francisco. Lyft and Uber got going in the city partly because taxis were hard to find, but the authorities have tolerated them. San Francisco bans rentals of less than 30 days, but is considering allowing people to let their residence, provided they live there most of the time, registe

58、r with the city and pay its 14% hotel tax.1、According to Paragraph 1, the success of the “sharing economy” is indicated by the fact that _.Amany people are trading their underused assets freely via the internetBgrowth in online rental demand has exceeded supply in many regionsCits total capital valu

59、e has surpassed that of conventional businessDsharing economy companies are suffering from a number of attacks2、Opponents complain that the taxi and room-rental businesses _.Afrequently make anti-competitive market behaviorBare often involved in illegal business practicesCare lacking in necessary ru

60、les and regulationsDhave caused a lot of accidents and crimes3、By “have a half point” in Paragraph 4, the author probably means the objectors “_.”Afail to indentify the safety problems existing among sharing economy firmsBhave overstated the dangers brought about by sharing-economy firms to the publ