常用微生物学英语词汇

常用微生物学英语词汇落secondarycolony粗糙型菌落roughcolony光滑型菌落smoothcolony丝状型菌落filamentoustypecolony子菌落daughtercolony深层菌落deepcolony粘液型菌落mucoidcolony巨大菌落giantcolony侏儒型菌落dwarfcolony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle［菌］醭mycoderm,pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe［菌体］附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmicflagella轴丝axialfilament菌毛pilus夕卜生抱子exospore内生抱子endospore芽抱spore性丝***pilus性丝***pilus芽抱形成sporulation终端芽抱terminalspore近端芽抱subterminalspore中生芽抱centralspore前芽抱forespore［芽抱］皮层cortex芽抱外膜exitine芽抱内膜intine夕卜壁exine伴胞晶体parasporalcrystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slimelayer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmicspace原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gasvacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellarbasalbody异染质volutin异染粒matachromaticgranules致死颗粒killerparticle紫膜purplemembrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopicorganism真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulentphage温和噬菌体temperatephage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体crypticprophage营养期噬菌体vegetativephage载体噬菌体carrierphage入噬菌体lambdaparticlesphage［可］诱导噬菌体induciblephage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmunephage噬菌体分型bacteriophagetyping噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque［噬菌体］聚合头部polyhead［噬菌体］聚合尾鞘polysheath［噬菌体］伞毛fimbrium［噬菌体］颈须whisker［噬菌体］先导蛋白pilotprotein［噬菌体］尾丝抗原fiberantigen［噬菌体］顶体apex［噬菌体］基片插孔base-platehub［噬菌体］基片丝base-platefibril［噬菌体］基片楔突base-platewedge［噬菌体］串联体concatemer［噬菌体］颈部collar［噬菌体］顶部壳粒apicalcapsomere［噬菌体］尾丝tailfiber［噬菌体］畸形体monster［噬菌体］颈圈connector［噬菌体］髓部core［噬菌体］头部head［噬菌体］尾部tail［噬菌体］尾管tailtube［噬菌体］尾鞘tailsheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellitevirus假型病毒pseudotypevirus慢病毒slowvirus辅助病毒helpervirus过客病毒passengervirus多分体病毒multicomponentvirus昆虫痘病毒entomopoxvirus,EPV颗粒体症病毒granulosisvirus,GV多角体病毒polyhedrosisvirus核型多角体病毒nuclearpolyhedrosisvirus,NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmicpolyhedrosisvirus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒multipleembeddedvirus单粒包埋型病毒singlyembeddedvirus伴随病毒associatedvirus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenousvirus潜伏病毒latentvirus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHOvirus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus腺伴随病毒adenoassociatedvirus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆［转］录病毒retrovirus坏死病毒necrosisvirus虹彩病毒iridovirus泛嗜性病毒pantropicvirus毒株strain原［生小］体elementarybody包含体inclusionbody顾氏小体Guarnieri'sbodies内氏小体Negri'sbody病毒［粒］体virion裸露病毒［粒］体nakedvirion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubicalsymmetry二十面体对称icosahedralsymmetry螺旋对称helicalsymmetry［病毒］五邻体pentomer,pentons［病毒］六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complexsymmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope,peplos蛋白质包膜proteinenvelope［病毒］包膜抗原envelopeantigen［病毒］壳体capsid［病毒］壳粒capsomer,capsomere二十面［体］壳体icosahedroncapsid核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virusbundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusiongranuleX体X-body［病毒］早期蛋白earlyprotein［病毒］晚期蛋白lateprotein负链negativestrand正链positivestrand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenicstroma衣原体chlamydia［衣原体］始体initialbody立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoicacid胞壁酸muramicacid2,6-毗啶二竣酸dipicolinicacid,DPA脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan,leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红［胆］素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycingranule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚B羟基丁酸盐poly-B-hydroxybutyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcalproteinA,SPA纯化蛋白衍生物purifiedproteinderivative,PPD［葡萄球菌］凝固酶staphylocoagulaseB［细胞］溶素B-lysina淀粉酶a-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellularenzyme胞夕卜酶extracellularenzyme果胶酶pectinase逆［转］录酶reversetranscriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptordestroyingenzyme,RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme［细菌］紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin［细］菌［叶］绿素bacteriochlorophyll自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosustoxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin,colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓［菌］素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheriatoxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytictoxin产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔［毒］环肽phalloidin根霉蝶吟rhizopterin肺炎［链］球菌溶血素pneumolysin黑粉菌酸ustilagicacid分枝菌酸mycolicacid齿孔酸eburicoicacid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinicacid红斑毒素erythrogenictoxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojicacid破伤风［菌］痉挛毒素tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风［菌］溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀［细］菌素bactericidin夕卜毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素AversicolorinA柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliativetoxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein［放线菌］土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷［作用］methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growthfactor420因子factor420V因子VfactorX因子Xfactor微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinativebacteriology系统细菌学systematicbacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学generalmicrobilogy微生物分类学microbialtaxonomy微生物生理学microbialphysiology微生物生物化学microbialbiochemistry微生物遗传学microbialgenetics微生物生态学microbialecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soilmicrobiology水生微生物学aquaticmicrobiology海洋微生物学marinemicrobiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medicalmicrobiology兽医微生物学veterinarymicrobiology农业微生物学agriculturalmicrobiology工业微生物学industrialmicrobiology石油微生物学petroleummicrobiology食品微生物学foodmicrobiology乳品微生物学diarymicrobiology瘤胃微生物学rumenmicrobiology诊断微生物学diagnosticmicrobiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会InternationalUnionofMicrobiologicalSocieties,IUMS中国微生物学会ChineseSocietyforMicrobiology,CSM世界培养物保藏协会WorldFederationforCultureCollection,WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会 ChinaCommitteeforCultureCollectionofMicroorganisms,CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所AmericanTypeCultureCollection,ATCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneousgeneration,abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numericaltaxonomy模式目typeorder模式科typefamily模式属typegenus模式种typespecies模式株typestrain真菌fungi捕食真菌predaciousfungi虫道真菌ambrosiafungi地下真菌hypogealfungi虫生真菌entomogenousfungi菌根真菌mycorrhizalfungi木腐菌wood-decayfungi霉菌mold,mould半知菌imperfectfungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slimemold,slimemould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cupfungi块菌truffles锈菌rustfungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonousmushroom酵母菌yeast无抱子酵母菌asporogenousyeasts有抱子酵母菌sporogenousyeasts黑粉菌smutfungi双态性真菌dimorphicfungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfectfungi黑粉病smutdisease锈病rustdisease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerialmycelium基内菌丝体substratemycelium球拍状菌丝体racquetmycelium结节状菌丝nodularmycelium梳状菌丝pectinafemycelium螺旋菌丝spiralmycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondarymycelium有隔菌丝septatehypha无隔菌丝nonseptatehypha生殖菌丝体reproductivemycelium营养菌丝体vegetativemycelium不育菌丝体sterilemycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favicchandeliermycelium产囊丝ascogenoushypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphalbody盾状体clypeus子实体fruitingbody产抱体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphalfragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium［锈菌］性抱子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉抱子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合抱子柄zygosporophore抱囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor抱子梗sporophore分生抱子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germpore芽管germtube芽缝germslit抱丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid［抱子］夕卜壁exosporium夕卜生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内夕卜生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhiza刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生抱子盘acervulus分生抱子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva抱子角cirrus抱子球sporeball抱子印sporeprint聚簇cluster［菌丝］融合anastomosis［抱子］切落abjunction［抱子］缢断abstriction多态［现象］polymorphism缢缩［作用］constriction粉抱子oidium抱子spore掷抱子ballistospore厚壁抱子chlamydospore环痕抱子annellospore节抱子arthrospore卷旋抱子helicospore腊肠形抱子allantospore孔出抱子porospore星形抱子staurospore线形抱子scolecospore穆格抱子dictyospore侧生抱子aleuriospore芽生抱子blastospore瓶梗抱子phialospore无梗抱子thallospore分生抱子conidium大分生抱子macroconidium小分生抱子microconidium节分生抱子arthroconidium芽分生抱子blastoconidium器抱子pycnidiospore无隔抱子amerospore双胞抱子didymospore多隔抱子phragmospore休眠抱子hypnospore顶生抱子acrospore顶生厚壁抱子fuseau内分生抱子endoconidium担抱子basidiospore双抱担抱子dispore同形抱子isospore柄生抱子stylospore［锈菌］性抱子pycniospore产雄器抱子androspore锈抱子aeciospore夏抱子urediniospore,aeciospore冬抱子teliospore四分抱子tetraspore粘抱子myxospore多核抱子coenospore抱囊抱子sporangiospore子囊抱子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生抱子果conidiocarp分生抱子器pycnidium抱［子］囊sporangium柱抱子囊merosporangium四分抱子囊tetrasporangium原抱子囊prosporangium多核抱子囊coenosporangium休眠抱子囊hypnosporangium子囊ascus接合抱子zygospore拟接合抱子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicateascus单囊壁子囊unitunicateascus双囊壁子囊bitunicateascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp抱囊果sporangiocarp［接］合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore酉己子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium原配子囊progametangium小抱子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞footcell脚胞footcell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clampcell锁状联合clampconnection偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm抱原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵抱子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖para***uality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangialcopulation交配型matingtype全型holomorph夏抱子期uredostage冬抱子堆teleutosorus,telium夏抱子堆uredinium子囊抱子形成ascosporulation抱子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁［细］菌类gracilicutes硬壁［细］菌类fermicutes疵壁［细］菌类mendosicutes无壁［细］菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺［旋］菌spirilla粘细菌slimebacteria鞘细菌sheathedbacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌rootnodulebacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfatereductingbacteria硫细菌sulfurbacteria铁细菌ironbacteria紫色无硫细菌purplenonsulfurbacteria产甲烷菌methanogen辅酶McoenzymeM微量营养micronutrient特需营养要求型idiotroph微［量］动［力］作用oligodynamicaction抗代谢物antimetabolites索状因子cordfactor异株克生物质allelopathicsubstances光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养photoorganotrophy化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy光营养phototrophy兼性营养amphitrophy腐生营养saprophyticnutrition甲基营养methylotrophy化能营养chemotrophy自养autotrophy光能自养photoautotrophy化能自养chemoautotrophy半自养mesotrophy异养heterotrophy氮平衡nitrogenbalance碳平衡carbonbalance磷平衡phosphorusbalance同化作用assimilation异化作用dissimilation氨化作用ammonification硝化作用nitrification反硝化作用denitrification固氮作用nitrogenfixation非共生固氮作用asymbioticnitrogenfixation光同化作用photo-assimilation巴氏效应Pasteureffect葡萄糖效应glucoseeffect种间分子氢转移interspeciesHtransfer发酵fermentation发酵［能］力fermentationcapacity可发酵性fermentability同型发酵homofermentation异型发酵heterofermentation厌氧消化anaerobicdigestion厌氧呼吸anaerobicrespiration厌氧生活anaerobiosis需氧呼吸aerobicrespiration需氧生活aerobiosis反馈抑制feedbackinhibition内源变量endogenenousvariable异养潜能heterotrophicpotential溶菌丝作用hypholyticaction溶菌作用bacteriolysis费氏［溶菌］现象Pfeiffer'sphenomenon自溶［现象］autolysis裂殖schizogenesis芽殖budding二分分裂binaryfission不等分裂unequalfission断裂fragmentation复分裂multiplefission隐蔽期eclipseperiod比生长速率specificgrowthrate同步生长synchronousgrowth双峰生长曲线diauxiegrowthcurve延滞期lagphase一步生长［曲线］onestepgrowth时间-存活曲线time-survivalcurve倍增时间doublingtime指数生长exponentialgrowth衰亡期declinephase稳定期stationaryphase对数期logphase时间节律temporalrhythm隐生现象cryptobiosis休眠dormancy衰老型involutionform静息细胞restingcell光复活作用photoreactivation交*复活crossreactivation热［致］死时thermaldeathtime热［致］死点thermaldeathpoint原生质体再生protoplastregeneration［噬菌体］接合分裂conjugatedivision［噬菌体］裂解阻抑lysisinhibition［噬菌体］裂解量burstsize［噬菌体］生产性感染productiveinfection［噬菌体］自愈curing病毒复制replicationofvirus复制周期replicativecycle裂解周期lyticcycle［病毒］侵入penetration病毒入胞现象viropexis［病毒］脱壳uncoating［病毒］装配assembly蚀斑plaque蚀斑形成单位plaqueformingunit,PFU成斑效率efficiencyofplating强毒株virulentstrain［狂犬病］固定毒fixedvirus［狂犬病］街毒streetvirus病毒抑制作用viralinhibition病毒诱导virusinduction［流感病毒］a抑制物a-inhibitor［流感病毒］朱氏抑制物Chu-inhibitor,3—inhibitor干扰素interferon干扰［现象］interference溶原化lysogenization溶原性lysogeny溶原现象lysogenesis抗生素antibiotic阿克拉霉素aclacinomycin放线酮actidione,cycloheximide放线菌素actinomycin阿霉素adriamycin氨丁甘菌素ambutyrosin7-氨基头抱菌酸7-aminocephalosporinicacid6-氨基青霉烷酸6-aminopenicillanicacid两性霉素amphotericin安丝菌素ansamitocin抗蠕霉素anthelmycin抗霉素antimycin阿泊拉霉素apramycin除疟霉素aplasmomycin曲霉菌素aspergillin除虫菌素avermectin杆菌肽bacitracin双环霉素bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素blasticidin博来霉素bleomycin丁昔菌素butirosin,butyrosin杀假丝菌素candicidin卷曲霉素capreomycin,capromycin腐霉素carriomycin洋红霉素carminomycin天青菌素celesticetin头抱菌素cephalosporin氯霉素chloromycetin,chloramphenicol金霉素chloroteracycline,aureomycin色霉素chromomycin创新霉素chuangxinmycin棒酸clavulanicacid氯林肯霉素clindamycin粘菌素colistin鬼伞菌素coprinin蛹虫草菌素cordycepin香菇菌素cortinellin环抱菌素cyclosporin环丝氨酸cycloserine松胞菌素cytochalasin胞霉素cytomycin道诺霉素daunomycin越霉素destomycin偏端霉素distamycin红霉素erythromycin抑酯酶素esterastin扁枝衣霉素everninomicin间型霉素formycin健霉素fortimicin磷霉素fosfomycin,phosphonomycin镰抱菌酸fusarinicacid艮他霉素gentamicin胶霉毒素gliotoxin谷氏菌素gougerotin短杆菌肽gramicidin灰霉素grisein灰黄霉素griseofulvin除莠菌素herbicidin除莠霉素herbimycin全霉素holomycin潮霉素hygromycin岛霉素ilamycin天神霉素istamycin双氢除虫菌素ivermectin交沙霉素josamycin卡那霉素kanamycin春日霉素kasugamycin柱晶白霉素leucomycin林可霉素lincomycin美登素maytenin酒霉素methymycin光神霉素mithramycin丝裂霉素mitomycin莫能菌素monensin菌霉素mycomycin霉酚酸mycophenolicacid麦迪霉素mydecamycin,midecamycin暗霉素nebramycin新霉素neomycin纺锤菌素netropsin诺卡菌素nocardin新生霉素novobiocin制霉菌素nystatin竹桃霉素oleandomycin蛇抱菌素ophiobollin展青霉素patulin青霉酸penicillicacid青霉素penicillin多氧菌素polyoxin多粘菌素polymyxin灵菌红素prodigiosin制反转录酶素revistin核糖霉素ribostamycin,vistamycin利福霉素rifamycin龟裂杀菌素rimocidin瑞斯托菌素ristocetin蔷薇霉素rosamicin红比霉素rubidomycin相模霉素sagamicin盐霉素salinomycin肉瘤霉素sarkomycin制唾酸酶素siastatin紫苏霉素sisomicin壮观霉素spectinomycin,actinospectacin螺旋霉素spiramycin链霉素streptomycin链黑菌素streptonigrin链丝菌素streptothricin枯草菌素subtilin杀鱼菌素teleocidin土霉素terramycin,oxytetracycline四环素tetracycline口塞烯霉素thienamycin硫藤黄素thiolutin妥布拉霉素tobramycin木霉菌素trichodermin抗滴虫霉素trichomycin衣霉素tunicamycin泰乐菌素tylosin焦曲菌素ustin有效霉素validamycin缬氨霉素valinomycin,aminomycin万古霉素vancomycin疣抱菌素verrucarine优胜霉素victomycin紫霉素viomycin巴龙霉素paromomycin遗传转化genetictransformation供体donor受体recipient转化体transformant感受态competence光滑型smoothtype粗糙型roughtype无性型anamorph克隆clone有性型teleomorph异源性heterology同源性homology转导transduction局限转导restrictedtransduction转染transfection溶原性转换lysogenicconversion抗原性漂移antigenicdrift抗原性转变antigenicshift高频重组highfrequencyofrecombination,Hfr重组recombination接合［作用］conjugation重组体recombinant互补complementation杂合［现象］heterozygosis重组子recon接合阶段zygophase接合zygosis质粒plasmid粘粒cosmid噬粒phasmid质粒不相容性plasmidincompatibility相容性compatibility致育因子fertilityfactor性因子***factor大肠杆菌素生成因子colicinogenicfactor突变mutation表型phenotype环状染色体ringchromosome基因型genotype原养型prototroph原养菌prototrophicbacteria营养缺陷型auxotroph多重营养缺陷型polyauxotroph诱变mutagenesis诱变剂mutagen诱发变异inducedvariation突变体mutant渗漏突变体leakymutant条件突变株conditionalmutant条件致死conditionallethal温敏突变株temperaturesensitivemutants半透明型突变噬斑cococarde噬斑突变株plaquemutants宿主范围突变株hostrangemutant扇形突变sectermutationH-O变异H-Ovariation弱毒株lowvirulentstrain减毒株attenuatedstrain凝固酶因子coagulasefactor耐药［性决定］因子resistancedeterminingfactor耐药性转移因子resistancetransferfactor,RTF抗药性drug-resistance抗药因子resistancefactor抗药基因drugresistantgene抗药性菌株drugresistantstrain基因簇genecluster复制replication启动子promotor操纵子operon单形现象monomorphism双态现象dimorphism多形现象polymorphism干扰缺损颗粒defectiveinterferingparticle重分配redistribution表型混杂phenotypicmixing基因转移genetransfer原生质体融合protoplastfusion趋合子性zygotaxis向合子性zygotropism兔化毒lapinizedvirus缺损病毒defectivevirus［病毒］缺损突变株defectivemutant［流感病毒］O-D相变异O-Dvariation病毒基因virogene［病毒］早期基因earlygenes［病毒］晚期基因lategenes微生物生态系统microbialecosystem趋化性chemotaxis趋氧性aerotaxis趋光性phototaxis向化性chemotropism向氧性oxytropism向光性phototropism内共生endosymbiosis捕食作用predation拮抗作用antagonism初级合作protocooperation共生symbiosis互利共栖mutualism偏害共栖amensalism偏利共栖commensalism互养共栖syntrophism兢争［共栖］competition寄生parasitism无关共栖neutralism卫星现象satellitism协同共栖synergism异种克生［现象］allelopathy代谢共栖metabiosis共生生物symbiont聚生体consortium伴生种companions致坏死寄生物necroparsite根际微生物rhizosphericmicroorganism叶际微生物phyllosphericmicroorganism悉生生物gnotobiote腐生现象saprophytism分解者decomposer含菌细胞mycetosome嗜狭高温生物stenothermophiles广温微生物eurythermalmicroorganism狭温微生物stenothermalmicroorganisms暂居微生物transientmicrobe原生演替primarysuccession次生演替secondarysuccession异养演替heterotrophicsuccession自养演替autotrophicsuccession顶极群落climaxcommunity菌群flora区系flora微生物区系microflora土著菌群indigenousflora土著区系indigenousflora菌群失调dysbacteriosis水华blooms生物量biomass生物质biomass生物圈biosphere前发酵primaryfermentation后发酵secondaryfermentation浅盘发酵shallowtrayfermentation深层发酵submergedfermentation固态发酵solidstatefermentation液态发酵liquidstatefermentation主发酵mainfermentation连续发酵continuousfermentation半连续［型］发酵semicontinuousfermentation［罐］批发酵batchfermentation敞口发酵openfermentation上面发酵topfermentation下面发酵bottomfermentation上面酵母topyeast下面酵母bottomyeast阿明露法amyloprocess酉良造brewing酿造技术brewingtechnique陈酿化aging发酵罐fermenter种子罐seedingtank手动气锁manualairlock自动气锁automaticairlock超滤膜ultrafiltrationmembrane超滤法ultrafiltration消泡剂antifoamagent醋化作用acetification酸化作用acidification糖化作用saccharification糖化剂sacchariferousagents曲Qu(rawstarter)大曲Daqu(massiverawstaterforalcholicliquor)小曲Xiaoqu(rawstartercomplex)日本酒曲koji麸曲brankoji液体曲liquidkoji起子starter,culturestarter酒母seedingyeast活性干酵母activedryyeast单细胞蛋白singlecellprotein,SCP菌丝球myceliumpellet活性污泥activatedsludge醪液mash固定化细胞immobilizedcell共固定化作用co-immobilization酸败spoilage平［罐］酸败flat-sourspoilage平罐酸败菌flatsourbacteria需氧量oxygenrequirement生物致劣deterioration微生物传感器microbialsensor微生物浸矿microbialleaching微生物杀虫剂microbialpesticide病毒杀虫剂viralpesticide根瘤rootnodule菌根mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂nitragin植物杀菌素phytocidin昆虫病原微生物entomopathogen［蜜蜂］幼虫腐臭病foulbrood固氮菌剂azotogen亚麻浸渍flaxretting生物防治biologicalcontrol沤麻retting青贮饲料silage沼气biogas无菌植物germ-freeplant侵染infection侵染性infectivity侵染中心infectiouscenter侵染剂量infectivedose,ID病毒尿症viruria病毒血症viremia菌血症bacteremia食物中毒foodpoisoning真菌中毒mycetism标准血清standardserum混合分型血清pooledtypingserum抗血清antiserum抗白喉血清antidiphthericserum结核菌素反应tuberculinreaction卡介苗BCGvaccine抗毒素antitoxin旧结核菌素01dtuberculin,OT结核菌素单位tuberculinunit,TU致热原pyrogen病原体pathogen带［病］毒者carrier带菌者carrier感染infection传染infection原发性感染原primaryinvader继发性感染原secondaryinvader机会致病菌opportunisticpathogen条件致病菌conditionedpathogen正常菌群normalflora感染性infectivity感染中心infectiouscenter攻击力aggressivity侵袭力invasiveness皮肤坏死毒素dermatonecrotoxin毒素toxin毒力virulence感染剂量infectivedose,ID半感染剂量infectiousdose50%,ID50半数组织培养感染量50%tissuecultureinfectivedose,TCID50致病性pathogenicity致细胞病变［效应］cytopathiceffect,CPE半数致死量50%lethaldose,LD50细菌毒力bacterialvirulence神经毒力neurovirulence类毒素toxoid神经毒性neurotoxicity最小感染量minimalinfectingdose,MID最小抑菌浓度minimalinhibitoryconcentration,MIC最小致死量minimallethaldose,MLD生物制品biologicalproducts鞭毛抗原flagellarantigen菌体抗原Oantigen［细菌］包被抗原envelopeantigen菌苗bacterialvaccine疫苗vaccine活疫苗livevaccine活菌苗livebacterialvaccine单价疫苗univalentvaccine单价菌苗univalentbacterialvaccine多价菌苗polyvalentbacterialvaccine多价疫苗polyvalentvaccine三联疫苗triplevaccine联合疫苗combinedvaccine亚单位菌苗subunitbacterialvaccine亚单位疫苗subunitvaccine兔化法lapinization减毒作用attenuation自身疫苗autovaccine自身菌苗autovaccine菌苗疗法vaccinetherapy,vaccinotherapy化学疗法chemotherapy疫苗疗法vaccinetherapy,vaccinotherapy疫苗再接种revaccination再接种reinoculation自身接种autoinoculationVi抗原Viantigen乙型肝炎核心抗原HBcAg乙型肝炎表面抗原HBsAg扩散因子spreadingfactor乙型肝炎e抗原HBeAg溶血［作用］haemolysis［抗菌素的］协同作用synergism抑菌作用bacteriostasis杀芽抱剂sporicide杀病毒剂virucide抗溶［菌］素antilysin杀菌剂germicides消毒剂disinfectant抑菌剂bacteriostat抗微生物剂antimicrobialagent抗菌剂antibacterialagent抗真菌剂antifungalagent杀细菌剂bactericide杀真菌剂mycocide抑真菌剂fungistat消毒disinfection腐败putrefaction防腐antisepsis石炭酸系数phenolcoefficient药物敏感性drugsusceptibility防腐剂antiseptic大肠菌类coliformgroup大肠［杆］菌值colititre大肠［杆］菌指数coli-index指示菌indicator显微肥达氏凝集试验microscopicWidalagglutinationtest敏化细菌sensitizedbacteria无特定病原动物specificpathogenfreeanimals,SPFA无菌动物germ-freeanimal硫磺［样］颗粒sulfurgranule显微镜microscope双目显微镜binocularmicroscope倒置显微镜invertmicroscope明视野显微镜brightfieldmicroscope暗视野dark-field暗视野显微镜dark-fieldmicroscope暗视野显微术dark-fieldmicroscopy相差显微镜phasecontrastmicroscope［分辨］干涉差显微镜Differentialinterferencecontrastmicroscope,DICM荧光显微镜fluorescencemicroscope电［子显微］镜electronmicroscope透射电［子显微］镜transmissionelectronmicroscope,TEM扫描电［子显微］镜scanningelectronmicroscope,SEM超薄切片术ultramicrotomy超薄切片ultrathinsection目镜ocular物镜objective透镜lens补偿目镜compensativeeyepiece消色差透镜achromaticlens全消色差透镜apochromaticlens低倍物镜lowpowerobjective高倍物镜highpowerobjective油浸物镜oilimmersionobjective显微镜集光器microscopecondenser镜台测微计stagemicrometer目镜测微计ocularmicrometer显微操作micromanipulation显微操作器micromanipulator盖玻片coverglass载玻片slide凹玻片concaveslide香柏油cedaroil涂片smear悬滴法hangingdropmethod热固定heatfixation镜检microscopicexamination分辨率resolvingpower放大率magnification染色法staining染色反应stainingreaction负染［色法］negativestaining鉴别染色法differentialstaining对染［法］counterstaining两极染色bipolarstaining萋-尼染色法Ziehl-Neelsenstainingmethod抗酸细菌染色法acid-faststaining革兰氏染色Gramstaining赖夫松鞭毛染色Leifson'sflagellastaining墨汁荚膜染色India-inkcapsulestaining阿氏染色Albert'sstaining麦氏［立克次氏体］染色Macchiavello'sstaining瑞氏染色Wright'sstaining富尔根染色Feulgenstaining染色剂stain鲁戈氏碘液Lugol'siodinesolution吕氏甲烯蓝Loeffler'smethyleneblue石炭酸品红carbolfuchsin孔雀石绿溶液malachitegreensolution柯斯特染料Koester'sstain培养基medium营养琼脂nutrientagar营养肉汤nutrientbroth远藤培养基Endo'smedium沙氏葡萄糖琼脂Sabouraud'sdextroseagar吕氏血清培养基Loeffler'sserummedium伊红甲烯蓝琼脂EMBagar沙门-志贺氏琼脂Salmonella-Shigellaagar,S.S.agar麦氏培养基MacConkeymedium庖肉培养基cookedmeatmedium马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂potatodextroseagar,PDA豆芽汁培养基beansproutsmedium［蛋白］胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基peptone-yeastextract-glucosemedium分离培养基isolationmedium鉴别培养基differentialmedium富集培养基enrichmentmedium基础培养基basicmedium确定成分培养基definedmedium合成培养基syntheticmedium半合成培养基semisyntheticmedium液体培养基liquidmedium半固体培养基semisolidmedium固体培养基solidmedium滋养培养基enrichedmedium生化培养基biochemicalmedium完全培养基completemedium干燥培养基dehydratedmedium天然培养基naturalmedium选择性培养基selectivemedium平板plate聚硅酸盐平板polysilicateplate梯度平板gradientplate补力口培养基supplementedmedium琼脂平板agarplate琼脂agar肉膏meatextract牛肉膏beefextract牛肉汁beefbroth麦芽汁maltwort酵母汁yeastwater酵母膏yeastextractpaste酵母提取粉yeastextractpowder［水解］酪蛋白氨基酸casaminoacids［蛋白］胨peptone琼脂斜面agarslant杜氏发酵管Durham'sfermentationtube传代transferofculture分离isolation划线［分离］streaking稀释平板分离法dilution-platemethod无菌检查sterilitytest无菌sterile污染contamination污染物contaminant菌株strain接种物inoculum接种inoculation,inoculating,inoculate无菌操作aseptictechnique移种culturetransfering平板接种plating穿刺stab平板划线platestreaking细胞系cellline细胞株cellstrain培养cultivation纯化purification纯性培养axeniccultivation纯培养purecultivation玻片培养slidecultivation穿刺培养stabcultivation传代培养subculturing分部培养［法］fractionalcultivation分批培养batchcultivation滚管培养法rollingtubecultivation滚管技术rollingtubetechni