2020年高考英语考试大纲解读

一、语言知识语言知识要求考生掌握并能运用英语语音、词汇、语法基础知识以及所学功能意念和话题，要求词汇量为3500左右。语言运用包括听力、阅读、写作和口语。短短数字，却蕴含了极大的信息量，高考所考的词汇、语法、话题等已全部包括。牢牢抓住“稳中有变，重在稳”的特点纵观近几年全国卷英语试题，皆基于英语语音项目表1.基本读音(1)26个字母的读音(2)元音字母在重读音节中的读音(3)元音字母在轻读音节中的读音(4)元音字母组合在重读音节中的读音(5)常见的元音字母组合在轻读音节中的读音(6)辅音字母组合的读音(7)辅音连缀的读音(8)成节音的读音1/732.重音(1)单词重音(2)句子重音3.读音的变化(1)连读(2)失去爆破(3)弱读(4)同化4.语调与节奏(1)意群与停顿(2)语调(3)节奏5.语音、语调、重音、节奏等在口语交流中的运用6.朗诵和演讲中的语音技巧7.主要英语国家的英语语音差异【解读】掌握英语语音对于听力理解和口语是非常重要的。语法项目表1.名词(1)可数名词及其单复数(3)专有名词(2)不可数名词(4)名词所有格2.代词2/73(1)人称代词(4)指示代词3.数词(2)物主代词(5)不定代词(3)反身代词(6)疑问代词(1)基数词4.介词和介词短语5.连词(2)序数词6.形容词(比较级和最高级)7.副词(比较级和最高级)8.冠词9.动词(1)动词的基本形式(3)及物动词和不及物动词(5)情态动词(2)系动词(4)助动词10.时态(1)一般现在时(4)现在进行时(7)将来进行时(10)现在完成进行时11.被动语态(2)一般过去时(5)过去进行时(8)现在完成时(3)一般将来时(6)过去将来时(9)过去完成时12.非谓语动词(1)动词不定式13.构词法(2)动词的-ing形式(3)动词的-ed形式3/73(1)合成法写和简写(2)派生法(2)疑问句(3)转化法(3)祈使句(4)缩(4)感(4)宾14.句子种类(1)陈述句叹句15.句子成分(1)主语(2)谓语(6)状语(3)表语(7)补语语(5)定语16.简单句的基本句型17.主谓一致18.并列复合句19.主从复合句(1)宾语从句(4)主语从句20.间接引语21.省略(2)状语从句(5)表语从句(3)定语从句22.倒装23.强调24.虚拟语气【解读】4/73词法、句法、章法是语法的灵魂，对于这三个要素要形成体系，不要支离破碎地学习，尽量掌握核心内容，不要把重心放在“偏难怪”且有争议的语法现象上。可以制作一个语法知识本，以梳理核心语法知识，形成自己的知识网络，进而提升借助语法进行阅读和写作的能力。如牢记常见的不可数名词，如advice,equipment,evidence,fun,furniture,information,luck,news,luggage/baggage,progress等牢记核心的词形变化，如warm—warmth,argue—argument,strong—strength,just—justice,unjust—injustice,explain—explanation等。1.社会交往(SocialCommunications)(1)问候(Greetings)(2)介绍(Introduction)(3)告别(Farewells)(4)感谢(Thanks)(5)道歉(Apologies)(6)邀请(Invitation)(7)请求允许(Askingforpermission)(8)祝愿和祝贺(Expressingwishesandcongratulations)(9)提供帮助(Offeringhelp)5/73(10)接受和拒绝(Acceptanceandrefusal)(11)约会(Makingappointments)(12)打电话(Makingtelephonecalls)(13)就餐(Havingmeals)(14)就医(Seeingthedoctor)(15)购物(Shopping)(16)问路(Askingtheway)(17)谈论天气(Talkingaboutweather)(18)语言交际困难(Languagedifficultiesincommunication)(19)提醒注意(Reminding)(20)警告和禁止(Warningandprohibition)(21)劝告(Advice)(22)建议(Suggestions)2.态度(Attitudes)(23)同意和不同意(Agreementanddisagreement)(24)喜欢和不喜欢(Likesanddislikes)(25)肯定和不肯定(Certaintyanduncertainty)(26)可能和不可能(Possibilityandimpossibility)(27)能够和不能够(Abilityandinability)(28)偏爱和优先选择(Preference)(29)意愿和打算(Intentionsandplans)(30)希望和愿望(Hopesandwishes)6/73(31)表扬和鼓励(Praiseandencouragement)(32)责备和抱怨(Blameandcomplaint)(33)冷淡(Indifference)(34)判断与评价(Judgementandevaluation)3.情感(Emotions)(35)高兴(Happiness)(36)惊奇(Surprise)(37)忧虑(Worries)(38)安慰(Reassurance)(39)满意(Satisfaction)(40)遗憾(Regret)(41)同情(Sympathy)(42)恐惧(Fear)(43)愤怒(Anger)4.时间(Time)(44)时刻(Pointoftime)(45)时段(Duration)(46)频度(Frequency)(47)时序(Sequence)5.空间(Space)(48)位置(Position)(49)方向(Direction)7/73(50)距离(Distance)6.存在(Existence)(51)存在与不存在(ExistenceandNon-existence)7.特征(Features)(52)形状(Shape)(53)颜色(Colour)(54)材料(Material)(55)价格(Price)(56)规格(Size)(57)年龄(Age)8.计量(Measurement)(58)长度(Length)(59)宽度(Width)(60)高度(Height)(61)数量(Number)9.比较(Comparison)(62)同级比较(Equalcomparison)(63)差别比较(Comparativeandsuperlative)(64)相似和差别(Similarityanddifference)10.逻辑关系(Logicalrelations)(65)原因和结果(Causeandeffect)(66)目的(Purpose)8/7311.职业(Occupations)(67)工作(Jobs)(68)单位(Employer)考试在高考中所占分量很大，占总分值150分的五分之一（30话题项目表1.个人情况(Personalinformation)2.家庭、朋友与周围的人(Family,friendsandpeoplearound)3.周围的环境(Personalenvironments)4.日常活动(Dailyroutines)5.学校生活(Schoollife)6.兴趣与爱好(Interestsandhobbies)7.个人感情(Emotions)8.人际关系(Interpersonalrelationships)9.计划与愿望(Plansandintentions)10.节假日活动(Festivals,holidaysandcelebrations)11.购物(Shopping)12.饮食(Foodanddrink)13.健康(Health)14.天气(Weather)9/7315.文娱与体育(Entertainmentandsports)16.旅游和交通(Travelandtransport)17.语言学习(Languagelearning)18.自然(Nature)19.世界与环境(Theworldandtheenvironment)20.科普知识与现代技术(Popularscienceandmoderntechnology)21.热点话题(Topicalissues)22.历史与地理(Historyandgeography)23.社会(Society)24.文学与艺术(Literatureandart)【解读】在以上24个话题中，分布于高考各种题型中，掌握了解24个话题，在复习练习中可有的放矢，少走弯路。把“宝”牢牢押在核心话题和核心素养上了解科学知识，养成科学精神和人怀关怀的话题都是英语全国卷考查的核心话题。所选阅读和写作话题将基于英语词汇表（附后）二、语言运用1．听力要求考生能听懂所熟悉话题的简短独白和对话。考生应能：10/73（1）理解主旨要义；（2）获取具体的、事实性信息；（3）对所听内容做出推断；（4）理解说话者的意图、观点和态度。【解读】全国卷听力部分分为两节：第一节共5小题，第二节共15小题。考生将听到5段简短的对话(一般为一问一答的形式)和55个小题主要考查考生理解简单的事体理解能力，要求考生理解对话或独白的主旨、要义，获取事实性的具体信息，观点或态度等。2．阅读要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。考生应能：（1）理解主旨要义；（2）理解文中具体信息；（3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义；（4）做出判断和推理；（5）理解文章的基本结构；（6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。11/73【解读】公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能：1.理解主旨和要义每篇文章都会有一个主旨要义。有时从文章的第一个段落，甚至第一个句子作者没有明示文章的主旨要义，需要读者从文章的字里行间进行归纳和概括。2.理解文中具体信息有时可以直接从文章中获取，有时则需要进行归纳、概括和推断后才能得到。3.根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义的一种能力。4.根据所读内容作出判断和推理12/73读理解能力的重要构成部分，因而也是阅读理解部分重点考查的能力之一。5.理解文章的基本结构行文连贯。如果希望准确、深刻地理解文章，必须把握住全篇的基本结构，理清上下文的衔接关系，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。6.理解作者的意图、观点和态度每篇文章都有一个特定的写作目的，或是向读者传递某个信息，或是愉悦读者，或是讲授某个道理。而这些信息通常并不是明确表达出来，而是隐含在文章之中。因此，读者需要在理解文章总体内容的基础上，去领会作者的言外之意。3．写作要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能：（1）清楚、连贯地传递信息，表达意思；（2）有效运用所学语言知识。达。考生应能：项重要内容。2.使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思任何一篇文章都需要有一个主题，作者应该围绕该主题，使用合适的句型、词组等，13/73清楚、连贯地表达自己的思想。4．口语要求考生根据提示进行口头表达。考生应能：（1）询问或传递事实性信息，表达意思和想法；（2）做到语音、语调自然；（3）做到语言运用得体；（4）使用有效的交际策略。词汇表Aabsentaabsoluteaabsorbvaccidentnartna(an)abandonabilityaccommodationvnvaccompanya&nvabstractaccomplishaanaccountableabsurdaanvabnormalabundantaccountantaccumulateaccuracynaccurateaaccusevprepvvabuseaboarda&nabolishabortionacademi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