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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海济光职业技术学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Mosttraditionalfolksongsareofanonymousorigin.

问题1选项

A.insignificant

B.inconspicuous

C.unusual

D.unknown

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。anonymous表示“匿名的,无名的”;A项insignificant“无关紧要的”,B项inconspicuous“不起眼的,不引起注意的”,C项unusual“不寻常的,与众不同的”,D项unknown“未知的”。句意:大多数的传统民间歌曲的作者都无从得知。根据句意该题选D。

2.单选题

Thediversityoftropicalplantsintheregionrepresentsaseemingly()sourceofrawmaterials,ofwhichonlyafewhavebeenutilized.

问题1选项

A.remarkable

B.controversial

C.inexhaustible

D.deficient

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项remarkable“卓越的;非凡的”;B选项controversial“有争议的”;C选项inexhaustible“用不完的;不知疲倦的”;D选项deficient“有缺陷的;不充分的”。句意:这个地区热带植物的多样性象征着一个看来似乎用不完的原材料资源,而这其中只有一些被利用。结合此处语义,C选项正确。

3.单选题

Changingfromsolidtoliquid,watertakesinheatfromallsubstancesnearit,andthis(

)producesartificialcoldsurroundingit.

问题1选项

A.absorption

B.dissemination

C.assimilation

D.interaction

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。absorption“吸收”;dissemination“宣传”;assimilation“同化”;interaction“相互作用”。句意:水从固体变成液体需要吸入周围所有物质的热量,这一吸收过程产生的低温。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Youarenotallowedtotakeasecondjob()youremployergivesyoupermission.

问题1选项

A.unless

B.solongas

C.otherwise

D.whereas

【答案】A

【解析】连接词的运用。unless“除非,如果不”;solongas“只要”;otherwise“否则,不然”;whereas“然而,鉴于,反之”。句意:除非你的雇主允许,否则你不能从事第二份工作。选项A符合句意。

5.单选题

Heopenedhislipsasif()something.

问题1选项

A.saying

B.havingsaid

C.tohavesaid

D.tosay

【答案】D

【解析】考查asif的用法。asif引导从句,结构是“主语+系动词”,并且主语跟系动词都可以省略。本句完整的句子应该是:heopenedhislipsasifhewasgoingtosaysomething.其中asif引导的从句的主语跟系动词可以省略,所以选项D符合题意。

6.单选题

Ifthiskindoffishbecomes(),futuregenerationsmaynevertasteitatall.

问题1选项

A.minimum

B.short

C.seldom

D.scarce

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项minimum“最小化(一般指数据之类的)”,B选项short“短的;短小的”,C选项seldom“很少;不常(一般指频率)”,D选项scarce“稀少的,稀缺的”;原句意思是说如果这种鱼变得稀缺……,其余选项代入均不符合题意,因此D选项符合题意。句意为:如果这种鱼变得稀缺,未来的几代人可能再也吃不到它了。

7.单选题

Theyhopetobeabletomoveintothenewbuildingattheendofmonth,butthingsdidnot()astheyhadexpected.

问题1选项

A.workout

B.workat

C.workon

D.workoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项workout“解决;算出;实现;制定出;消耗完;弄懂;锻炼”;B选项workat“从事于……;致力于……”;C选项workon“影响,对……起作用;继续工作;从事于……”;D选项workoff“售出;清理,排除;渐渐地清除;冒充”。句意:他们希望能在月底搬进新楼,但事情没有如他们预料的那样顺利。因此A选项正确。

8.单选题

Dr.Johnsonwasgrantedanhonoredtitlein____ofhisvaluableworkforthecollege.

问题1选项

A.advancement

B.acquisition

C.announcement

D.acknowledgement

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.advancement促进;推动B.acquisition(知识、技能等的)获得;得到

C.announcement(指行动)宣布;宣告D.acknowledgement(对事实、现实、存在的)承认;感谢;谢礼

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】句意:约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号,以……他为学院所做的宝贵工作。根据逻辑,是由于约翰逊博士为学院做了贡献所以被授予荣誉称号,这个称号是用来感谢他的。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】约翰逊博士被授予荣誉称号,以表彰他为学院所做的宝贵工作。

9.翻译题

从20世纪40年代中期起,人类已经制造出上千种农药,普遍用于农场、花园和森林,以消灭昆虫和杂草。本来它们的最初目的是杀死几种杂草和几种昆虫,但是却造成了现在这样严重的后果:鸟儿不再唱歌,鱼儿不再跳跃,树叶蒙上了一层毒药,土壤中长期存留大量有毒物质。

【答案】Sincethemid-1940s,thousandsofpesticideshavebeencreatedtokillinsectsandweedsonfarms,gardensandforests.Theiroriginalpurposewastokillafewweedsandafewinsects,buttheresultisnowsoseriousthatbirdsnolongersing,fishnolongerjump,theleavesarecoatedwithpoison,andthesoilispermanentlyrichintoxicsubstances.

10.单选题

Wepreferthattheplan(

)beforebeingputintoexecution.

问题1选项

A.befullydiscussed

B.mustbefullydiscussed

C.willbefullydiscussed

D.isfullydiscussed

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。prefer后面接that引导的宾语从句时,谓语动词用should+动词原形,其中should可省略。所以选项A为省略了should的正确答案。

11.不定项选择题

Theageatwhichyoungchildrenbegintomakemoraldiscriminationaboutharmfulactionscommittedagainstthemselvesorothershasbeenthefocusofrecentresearchintothemoraldevelopmentofchildren.Untilrecently,childpsychologistssupportedpioneerdevelopmentalistJeanPiagetinhishypothesisthatbecauseoftheirimmaturity,childrenunderagesevendonottakeintoaccounttheintentionsofapersoncommittingaccidentalordeliberateharm,butrathersimplyassignpunishmentfortransgressionsonthebasisofthemagnitudeofthenegativeconsequencescaused.AccordingtoPiaget,childrenunderagesevenoccupythefirststageofmoraldevelopment,whichischaracterizedbymoralabsolutism(rulesmadebyauthoritiesmustbeobeyed)andimminentjustice(ifrulesarebroken,punishmentwillbemetedout).Untilyoungchildrenmature,theirmoraljudgmentsarebasedentirelyontheeffectratherthanthecauseofatransgression.However,inrecentresearch,Kenseyfoundthatsix-year-oldchildrennotonlydistinguishbetweenaccidentalandintentionalharm,butalsojudgeintentionalharmasnaughtier,regardlessoftheamountofdamageproduced.Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethatchildren,atanearlieragethanPiagetclaimed,advanceintothesecondstageofmoraldevelopment,moralautonomy,inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage.

Kensey’sresearchraisestwokeyquestionsfordevelopmentalpsychologistsaboutchildrenunderageseven:dotheyrecognizejustificationsforharmfulactions,anddotheymakedistinctionsbetweenharmfulactsthatarepreventableandthoseactsthathaveunforeseenharmfulconsequences?Studiesindicatethatjustificationsexcusingharmfulactionsmightincludepublicduty,self-defense,andprovocation.Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty;fiveyearoldsreactedverydifferentlyto“BonniewrecksAnn’spretendhouse”dependingonwhetherBonniedidit“sosomebodywon’tfalloverit”orbecauseBonniewanted“tomakeAnnfeelbad.”Thus,achildoffivebeginstounderstandthatcertainharmfulactions,thoughintentional,canbejustified:theconstraintsofmoralabsolutismnolongersolelyguidetheirjudgments.

Psychologistshavedeterminedthatduringkindergartenchildrenlearntomakesubtledistinctionsinvolvingharm.Darleyobservedthatamongactsinvolvingunintentionalharm,six-year-oldchildrenjustenteringkindergartencouldnotdifferentiatebetweenforeseeable,andthuspreventable,harmandunforeseeableharmforwhichtheperpetratorcannotbeblamed.Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous.

1.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthepassageasawhole?

2.Darleyfoundthataftersevenmonthsofkindergartensixyearoldsacquiredtheabilityof().

3.Accordingtothepassage,PiagetandKenseywouldnothaveagreedon().

4.Theterm“publicduty”(inline5ofparagraph2)inthecontextofthepassagemeans().

5.Kensey’sfindingssupportwhichofthefollowingconclusionsaboutsix-year-oldchildren?

问题1选项

A.Anoutlineforfutureresearch.

B.Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms.

C.Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists.

D.Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry.

问题2选项

A.differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm

B.identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction

C.justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation

D.evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules

问题3选项

A.thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit

B.theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm

C.theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm

D.thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts

问题4选项

A.thenecessitytoapprehendperpetrators

B.theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressors

C.anobligationtopreventharmtoanother

D.theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction

问题5选项

A.Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments.

B.Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy.

C.Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty.

D.Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。结合选项和题干可知,本题需从全文整体分析。第一段中Kensey和Piaget两人提出了有关儿童心理发展的不同观点,随后的二三段都是在对Kensey的观点进行讨论和论证。A选项“Anoutlineforfutureresearch”意为“未来研究的大纲”,原文并未提及未来研究的大纲;B选项“Anexpandeddefinitionofcommonlymisunderstoodterms”意为“对常见误解术语的扩展定义”,原文不是对误解术语的扩展定义,是提出了两个不同观点;C选项“Ananalysisofadisputebetweentwotheorists”意为“对两个理论家之间争论的分析”,原文二三段主要论证了Kensey的观点,并没有就两者的争论进行分析;D选项“Adiscussionofresearchfindingsinanongoinginquiry”意为“对正在进行的调查中研究结果的讨论”,符合原文,此处指的就是对Kensey研究结果的讨论。因此D选项符合题意。

第2题:事实细节题。由sevenmonthsofkindergarten定位到文章最后一段最后一句“Sevenmonthslater,however,Darleyfoundthatthesesamechildrencouldmakebothdistinctions,thusdemonstratingthattheyhadbecomemorallyautonomous”,然而,七个月后,达利发现,同样是这些孩子已经可以做出两种区分,从而表明他们在道德上是自发的。由此可知,进入幼儿园七个月后,孩子们已经能区别可预见和不可预见的伤害。A选项“differentiatingbetweenforeseeableandunforeseeableharm”,意为“区分可预见和不可预见的伤害”,与原文相符;B选项“identifyingwiththeperpetratorofaharmfulaction”意为“辨认有害行为的作恶者”,原文未提及;C选项“justifyingharmfulactionsthatresultfromprovocation”意为“为因挑衅而导致的有害行为辩护”,原文是这不是Darley的研究发现,是针对Kensey观点的研究结果;D选项“evaluatingthemagnitudeofnegativeconsequencesresultingfromthebreakingofrules”意为“评估因违反规则而产生的负面后果的大小”,原文中这是Piaget的观点,不是Darley的发现。因此A选项符合题意。

第3题:判断推理题。结合选项和题干可知,本题需逐个分析各个选项。A选项“thekindsofexcuseschildrengiveforharmfulactstheycommit”意为“孩子们为他们所做的有害行为找的种种借口”,这只是针对Kensey观点的研究结果,但不代表二者就此有分歧;B选项“theageatwhichchildrenbegintodiscriminatebetweenintentionalandunintentionalharm”意为“儿童开始区分故意伤害和无意伤害的年龄”,与原文相符,原文第一段第四句,然而,Kensey发现,6岁的儿童能区分意外伤害和故意伤害。由此可推测这就是两者观点的不同之处;C选项“theintentionschildrenhaveinperpetratingharm”意为“孩子们实施伤害的意图”,原文两者争论的重点不是孩子实施伤害的意图,而是孩子究竟何时开始辨别有意与无意的伤害;D选项“thecircumstancesunderwhichchildrenpunishharmfulacts”意为“儿童惩罚有害行为的情形”,这是Nesdalc和Rule的研究发现,不是Piaget与Kensey之间的分歧。因此B选项符合题意。

第4题:判断推理题。由publicduty定位到文章第二段第三句“Forexample,NesdalcandRuleconcludedthatchildrenwerecapableofconsideringwhetherornotanaggressor’sactionwasjustifiedbypublicduty…”,例如,Nesdalc和Rule的结论是,儿童有能力考虑侵犯者的行为是否符合公共义务;五岁的孩子对邦妮破坏了安的假房子的反应非常不同,这取决于邦妮这么做是为了防止别人摔倒,还是因为邦妮想让安难过。由此可知,这个事例是对公共义务的解释,所以公共义务就是防止他人受损害的义务,如防止他人摔倒。A选项“thenecessitytoapprehendperpetrators”意为“逮捕罪犯的必要性”,与原文不符,原文未提及逮捕罪犯;B选项“theresponsibilitytopunishtransgressors”意为“惩罚犯规者的责任”,原文Nesdalc和Rule的结论中儿童并没有对犯规者进行惩罚;C选项“anobligationtopreventharmtoanother”意为“防止损害他人的义务”,与原文相符;D选项“theassignmentofpunishmentforharmfulaction”意为“对有害行为的惩罚分配”,该结论中并没有谈到惩罚。因此C选项符合题意。

第5题:判断推理题。由Kensey’sfindings定位到文章第一段最后一句“Bothofthesefindingsseemtoindicatethat…inwhichtheyacceptsocialrulesbutviewthemasmorearbitrarythandochildreninthefirststage”,这两项发现(Kensey的发现)似乎都表明,儿童比皮亚杰所说的更早进入道德发展的第二阶段,即道德自主。由此可知,儿童已经能自主做出道德判断。A选项“Theyhavetheabilitytomakeautonomousmoraljudgments”意为“他们有能力自主做出道德判断”,符合Kensey的理论;B选项“Theyregardmoralabsolutismasathreattotheirmoralautonomy”意为“他们把道德绝对主义看作是对他们道德自主权的威胁”,原文未提及道德绝对主义;C选项“Theydonotunderstandtheconceptofpublicduty”意为“他们不理解公共义务的概念”,与原文不符,就Nesdalc和Rule的结论而言,孩子已经理解公共义务的概念;D选项“Theymakearbitrarymoraljudgments”意为“他们武断地做出道德判断”,与原文不符,原文是进入道德自主阶段的儿童认为规则武断,而不是儿童武断地做出道德判断。因此A选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Doyoufrequentthelocalstoreorbuyfromthemail-orderhouse?

问题1选项

A.phoneat

B.parkat

C.chargeat

D.shopat

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。Frequent作动词表示“常去”;A项phoneat没有这个搭配,phone作动词表示“打电话”,B项parkat“在……停车”,C项chargeat“冲击,猛攻”,D项shopat“在……购物”。句意:你经常去实体店买东西还是网上购物呢?因此D项正确。

13.单选题

Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.ThinkofGallileo's17thcenturytrialforhisrebellingbeliefbeforetheCatholicChurchorpoetWilliamBlake’sharshremarksagainstthemechanisticworldviewofIsaacNewton.Theschismbetweenscienceandthehumanities,ifanything,deepenedinthe20thcentury.

Untilrecently,thescientificcommunitywassopowerfulthatitcouldaffordtoignoreitscritics—butnolonger.Asfundingforsciencehasdeclined,scientistshaveattacked“antiscience”inseveralbooks,notablyHigherSuperstitionbyPaulR.Gross,abiologistattheUniversityofVirginia,andNormanLevitt,amathematicianatRutgersUniversity:andTheDemon-hauntedWorld,byCarlSaganofCornelUniversity.

Defendersofsciencehavealsovoicedtheirconcernsatmeetingssuchas“TheFlightfromScienceandReason,”heldinNewYorkCityin1995,and“ScienceintheAgeofInformation,”whichassembledlastJunenearBuffalo.

Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.Saganismoreconcernedwiththosewhobelieveinghosts,creationismandotherphenomenathatcontradictthescientificworldview.

Asurveyofnewsstoriesin1996revealsthattheantisciencetaghasbeenattachedtomanyothergroupsaswell,fromauthoritieswhoadvocatedtheeliminationofthelastremainingstocksofsmallpoxvirustoRepublicanswhoadvocateddecreasedfundingforbasicresearch.

FewwoulddisputethatthetermappliestotheUnabomber,whosemanifesto,publishedin1995,scornsscienceandlongsforreturntoapre-technologicalutopia.Butsurelythatdoesnotmeanenvironmentalistsconcernedaboutuncontrolledindustrialgrowthareantiscience,asanessayinUSNews&WorldReportlastMayseemedtosuggest.

Theenvironmentalists,inevitably,respondtosuchcritics.Thetrueenemiesofscience,arguesPaulEhrlishofStanfordUniversity,apioneerofenvironmentalstudies,arethosewhoquestiontheevidencesupportingglobalwarming,thedepletionoftheozonelayerandotherconsequencesofindustrialgrowth.

Indeed,someobserversfearthattheantiscienceepithetisindangerofbecomingmeaningless.“Theterm‘antiscience’canlumptogethertoomany,quitedifferentthing,”notesHarvardUniversityphilosopherGeraldHoltoninhis1993workScienceandAnti-science.“Theyhaveincommononlyonethingthattheytendtoannoyorthreatenthosewhoregardthemselvesasmoreenlightened.”

1.Theword“schism”(Paragraph1)inthecontextprobablymeans().

2.Paragraphs2and3arewrittento().

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.TheauthortakesPaulR.Gross’bookHigherSuperstitionasanillustrationtoshowthat().

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardtheissueof“sciencevs.antiscience”is().

问题1选项

A.confrontation

B.dissatisfaction

C.separation

D.contempt

问题2选项

A.discussthecauseofthedeclineofscience’spower

B.showtheauthor’ssympathywithscientists

C.explainthewayinwhichsciencedevelops

D.exemplifythedivisionofscienceandthehumanities

问题3选项

A.Environmentalistswereblamedforantiscienceinanessay.

B.Politiciansarenotsubjectivetothelabelingofantiscience.

C.The“moreenlightened”tendtotagothersasantiscience.

D.Taggingenvironmentalistsas“antiscience”isjustifiable.

问题4选项

A.traditionalculturewouldgreatlyaffectthedevelopmentofscience

B.scienceisnolongervulnerabletobeattacked

C.differentpeoplemayhavedifferentinterpretationonscience

D.scientificcommunityhasbecomepowerfulenoughtodefendanycriticsagainstscience

问题5选项

A.impartial

B.subjective

C.biased

D.puzzling

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句话“Sciencehaslonghadanuneasyrelationshipwithotheraspectsofculture.”科学与文化其他方面的关系一直都很紧张,以及后面的举例可知,20世纪,科学和人文之间的分歧加深了。confrontation对抗;dissatisfaction不满;separation分歧,裂痕;contempt蔑视。选项A和选项C意思差不多,但注意句子中的措辞用的是deepened,所以选项C更符合语境。

2.第二段指出,科学界如此之强大以至于可以对批评者置之不理——但现在不同了。由于科学经费减少,科学家开始著书抨击“反科学”倾向;第三段指出,科学的拥护者也在一些会议上表达了他们的担忧。根据第一段提到的科学和人文之间的分歧加深,由此推断第二段和第三段主要是举例说明科学和人文的分歧。选项D正确。

3.根据第六段的第二句“Butsurelythat...seemedtosuggest.”,当然,这并不意味着,对不加控制的工业发展表示担忧的环保主义者也是反科学的,而去年5月份刊登在《美国新闻和世界报导》的一篇文章却似乎暗示是这么回事。选项A一篇文章指责环境保护者为反科学者,正确;根据第五段的内容,反科学的标签也贴在了许多其他群体上,从提倡消灭最后残存的天花病毒库的官方人士到倡议削减基础研究基金的共和党人。这里面包含了政党人,所以选项B表述错误。选项C在文中没有提及。选项D给环境保护者贴上“反科学”的标签是有道理的,错误。

4.根据第四段的一二句“Antiscienceclearlymeansdifferentthingstodifferentpeople.GrossandLevittfindfaultprimarilywithsociologists,philosophersandotheracademicswhohavequestionedinscience’sobjectivity.”反科学对不同的人有不同的含义。格罗斯和莱维特主要挑那些质疑科学客观性的社会学家、哲学家和其他学者的毛病。选项C符合原文。

5.作者只是客观地叙述了科学和人文学科之间的分歧,在文中没有发表任何自己的看法或态度,所以作者的态度是客观公正的。选项A正确。impartial公平公正的;subjective主观的;biased有偏见的;puzzling疑惑的。

14.单选题

Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

问题1选项

A.Doingenjoyablework.

B.Earningacompetitivesalary.

C.Havingfriendlycolleagues.

D.Workingforsupportivebosses.

问题2选项

A.20%.

B.25%.

C.31%.

D.73%.

问题3选项

A.Thosefullofskilledworkers.

B.Thosethatarewellmanaged.

C.Thoserunbywomen.

D.Thoseofasmallsize.

问题4选项

A.Theycanwinrecognitionoftheirwork.

B.Theycanbetterbalanceworkandlife.

C.Theycanhopfromjobtojobeasily.

D.Theycantakeonmorethanonejob.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】ConversationOne

W:WelcometoWorkplace,andintoday’sprogramwe’relookingattheresultsoftworecentlypublishedsurveys,whichbothdealwiththesametopic—happinessatwork.John,tellusaboutthefirstsurvey.

M:Well,thiswasdonebyahumanresourcesconsultancywhointerviewedmorethan1,000workers,andestablishedatop10ofthefactorswhichmakepeoplehappyatwork.[1]Themostimportantfactorforthemajorityofthepeopleinterviewedwashavingfriendly,supportivecolleagues.Infact,73%ofpeopleinterviewedputtheirrelationshipwithcolleaguesasthekeyfactorcontributingtohappinessatwork,whichisaveryhighpercentage.Thesecondmostimportantfactorwashavingworkthatisenjoyable.Thetwoleastimportantfactorswerehavingone’sachievementsrecognized,andrathersurprisingly,earningacompetitivesalary.

W:So,we’renotmainlymotivatedbymoney?

M:Apparentlynot.

W:Anyotherinterestinginformationinthesurvey?

M:Yes.Forexample,25%oftheworkingpeopleintervieweddescribedthemselvesas“veryhappy”atwork.However,[2]20%ofemployeesdescribedthemselvesasbeingunhappy.

W:That’squitealotofunhappypeopleatworkeveryday.

M:Itis,isn’tit?Andtherewereseveralmoreinterestingconclusionsrevealedbythesurvey.Firstofall,smallisbeautiful.[3]Peopledefinitelypreferworkingforsmallerorganizationsorcompanieswithlessthan100staff.Wealsofindoutthat,generallyspeaking,womenwerehappierintheirworkthanmen.

W:Yes,weare,aren’twe?

M:Andworkersonpart-timecontracts,whoonlywork4or5hoursaday,arehappierthanthosewhoworkfull-time.[4]Theresearchersconcludedthatthisisprobablyduetoabetterwork-lifebalance.

W:Arebosseshappierthantheiremployees?

M:Yes.Perhapsnotsurprisingly,thehigherpeoplegoinacompany,thehappiertheyare.Soseniormanagersenjoytheirjobsmorethanpeopleworkingunderthem.

1.Whatisthenumberonefactorthatmadeemployeeshappyaccordingtothesurvey?

【试题答案】C

【试题解析】题目问根据这项调查,让员工快乐的首要因素是什么?录音提及,大部分受访者认为,要有工作幸福感,最重要的因素是与友好的、能给予帮助的同事一起共事。C选项“与友好的同事共事”是录音原文复现,因此正确。A选项“从事令人愉快的工作”是男士提到的第二重要的因素,与题干不符,因此排除;B选项“获得有竞争力的薪水”是调查得出的两个最不重要的因素之一,因此也可排除;D选项“为能给予帮助的老板工作”,这里能给予帮助的应该是同事而不是老板,与原文表述不符,因此不正确。

2.Whatisthepercentageofthepeoplesurveyedwhofeltunhappyatwork?

【试题答案】A

【试题解析】题目问在接受调查的人中,对工作感到不快乐的比例是多少?录音中,男士提及,有25%的受访者认为自己在工作中“非常愉快”,而有20%的受访者则认为自己在工作中不愉快。因此,A选项“20%”正确。B选项“25%”是在工作中感到非常愉快的人群所占的比例;C选项“31%”录音中没有提及;D选项“73%”的对象与题干不相关,也可排除。

3.Whatkindofcompaniesarepopularwithemployees?

【试题答案】D

【试题解析】题目问什么样的公司最受员工欢迎?录音中,男士提及调查还得出几个有趣的结论,其中一点是人们更喜欢去员工在100人以下的小规模机构或公司工作。因此D选项“规模小的公司”正确。A选项“充满熟练工人的公司”;B选项“管理得当的公司”和C选项“由女性经营的公司”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此可排除。

4.Whatisthepossiblereasonforpeopleonpart-timecontractstobehappier?

【试题答案】B

【试题解析】题目问签订兼职合同的人更快乐的可能原因是什么?录音中男士提及,那些一天只需工作四五个小时的兼职人员,其幸福感要比那些全职员工高。研究人员得出的结论是:这可能是因为兼职人员的工作与生活有更好的平衡。B选项中的balanceworkandlife是录音中work-lifebalance的词性转换,因此B选项正确。A选项“他们可以赢得工作上的认可”是对工作幸福感最不重要的两个影响因素之一,与兼职人员的工作幸福感无关,因此排除;C选项“他们可以轻松地从一份工作跳槽到另一份工作”和D项“他们从事不止一份工作”在录音中均没有信息提及,因此也可排除。

15.单选题

Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchannels,theopportunityfor_______isgrowingrapidly.

问题1选项

A.fraud

B.jargon

C.pledge

D.motivation

【答案】A

【解析】fraud欺诈,骗子;jargon行话;pledge保证,许诺,抵押;motivation动机。句意:当营销人员通过印刷和电子渠道加强沟通的时候,也为欺诈行为提供了快速增长的机会。选项A符合句意。

16.单选题

Weagreedtoaccept______theythoughtwasthebesttouristguide.

问题1选项

A.whatever

B.whomever

C.whichever

D.whoever

【答案】D

【解析】【试题解析】考查宾语从句。句意:我们同意接受他们认为的最好的导游。横线到句尾是跟在谓语动词accept后的宾语从句,横线部分是从句主语,theythought是插入语,was是系动词,thebesttouristguide是表语,主语指的是人,D选项whoever符合题意。A选项whatever和C选项whichever指的是物,B选项whomever是宾格。因此D选项正确。

17.单选题

Onlybypublishingatleastfivearticlesontopjournals(

)havethechancetobepromotedtoprofessors.

问题1选项

A.teacherscan

B.canteachers

C.ateachercan

D.canateacher

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查语法结构。这里考查的是部分倒装结构。句子开头是only引导的状语结构,用来修饰整个句子时,空格部分主句的谓语动词应该使用部分倒装结构。故需要将情态动词和助动词提前。句意为:只有顶级期刊上发表至少五篇论文,老师们才有机会晋升为教授。因此选项B正确。

18.单选题

They(

)theenemy’stelegramandwereabletowinfamousvictory.

问题1选项

A.discerned

B.decoded

C.posited

D.understood

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。discern意为“觉察出,识别”;decode意为“解(码),破译(尤指密码)”;posit意为“假定,设想”;understand意为“理解”。

句意:他们破解了敌人的电报,并赢得了著名的胜利。

19.单选题

TheFBIkeptthehouseunderconstant______inthehopeofcapturingallthecriminalsatonetime.

问题1选项

A.cessation

B.surveillance

C.guidance

D.supervision

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项cessation表示“停止,中止”,B项surveillance表示“监督,(对犯罪嫌疑人或可能发生犯罪的地方的)监视”,C项guidance表示“指导,引导”,D项supervision表示“监督,管理”,指活动或行动过程中的监督,尤指批判性地指导。根据关键词FBI(联邦调查局)和criminals(罪犯)可知,“监视”符合语境。句意:联邦调查局不断监视这所房子,希望能一次性抓获所有罪犯。因此,该题选择B项正确。

20.翻译题

II.(本题3段,每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

Intel

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