考研考博-英语-中国石油大学胜利学院押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国石油大学胜利学院押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Hisargumentdoesnotsuggestthatmankindcan____tobewastefulintheutilizationoftheseresources.

问题1选项

A.resort

B.grant

C.afford

D.entitle

【答案】C

【解析】上下文语义。A选项resort“（~to诉诸；求助于）”；B选项grant“（指正式地或法律上）同意，准许；（勉强）同意”；C选项afford“负担得起；承担得起（后果）”；D选项entitle“使享有权利，使符合资格，常用被动”。句意：他的论点并不是说人类可以____浪费在利用这些自然资源时。原文从句不是被动语态，可排除D选项；且原文从句主语是人类，B选项grant在使用时也应使用被动语态，排除；A选项后面通常是某种方式后手段，而本句空格后是“浪费”，不符合，排除；C选项代入，“他的论点并不是说人类承担得起在利用这些自然资源时浪费的后果”，符合语境。因此，本题最佳选项为C。

2.单选题

Ithinkwecan（）withtheusualformalitiessinceweallknoweachotheralready.

问题1选项

A.dispose

B.dispatch

C.dispense

D.discharge

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。dispose“处理；处置”；dispatch“派遣”；dispense“分配”；discharge“免除”，这里要表达的意思是省去、免除客套的东西，所以应该使用动词discharge，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：既然我们早就已经彼此认识了，所以我觉得我们可以免去那些客套话。

3.翻译题

Scientistsaresearchingforwaystodestroynuclearweaponsinspace-tomakenuclearweaponspowerlessandnolongeruseful.Thishasbecomeknownas"StarWars".(1).SupportersoftheStarWardefensesystemhopethatthiswouldnotonlyprotectanationagainstanactualnuclearattack,butwouldbeenoughofathreattokeepanuclearwarfromeverhappening.

(2).OpponentsofStarWarsareworriedthatsuchasystemmightintroducenuclearweaponsintoouterspaceandmightnotcompletelyprotectthenationagainstattack.Somemissilesmight"leakthrough"theStarWarsdefenses.Orthecomputersthatrunthesystemmightnotworkproperly.Suchadefensesystem,theysay,mightalsobeusedtoattackothers.Anditmightnotstopthebuildupofground-basednuclearweapons.

Hopefully,anuclearwarwillneverbegin.But,insuchanevent,couldpeoplereallyprotectthemselves?SupportersofStarWarsbelievethatlaserweaponsarethekeytodefense.(3).Butcanlaserbeamsbedevelopedinsuchawaytodestroyattackingmissilesinspace?Lasersarenotnew.Theyhavebeenaroundforover25years.Theyinvolvethefollowingprocess:(4).Atomsofcertainsubstancesarestimulated,orexcited,byaburstofenergyfromoutside.Theexcitedatomsthenproducewavesoflight.Theselightwavestravelupanddownalaserrodandexcite,orstimulate,otheratoms.Whenaparticularenergylevelisreached,thelaserrodproducesastrong,narrowbeamofradiation.Mostlasersgiveoffvisiblelight,buttheycanbebuilttoproduceheatradiationorevenX-rayradiation.

Becauseoftheintensityandnarrownessoftheirbeams,laserscanbeputtothousandsofuses.Laserbeamshavebeenbouncedoffthemoon.Theycancutthroughdiamondorsteel.Theyareusedbydoctorsfordelicatesurgery-suchasrepairingdamagedeyes.Andlasersarealsousedasweapons.(5).Theycangiveartilleryanaccuracyassharpasthepointofapin.Theycanalso"blind"electronicsystemsinplanes,tanksandships.Thismeansthatthoseelectronicsystemscannolongereffectivelyfindanddestroytheirtargets.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese.

【答案】1.星球大战防御系统的支持者希望这不仅能使一个国家免受真正的核攻击,而且还足以形成一种威慑,使得核战争永远不会发生。

2.星球大战计划的反对者则担心此系统可能会将核武器引进外太空,而且可能也不能完全保护该国家免受核武器的攻击。

3.但是,能以这种方式把激光束发展到可以摧毁太空中的攻击导弹吗？

4.特定物质的原子受到外界爆发的能量的刺激或激发。然后,这些被激发的原子就产生光波。

5.它们可以使大炮的误差精确到大头针针尖的大小。它们也可以使飞机、坦克和军舰上的电子系统处于"失明"状态。

4.单选题

Hisfamilytriedto___intothewhiteandHispaniccommunities.

问题1选项

A.melt

B.assimilate

C.involve

D.weaver

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.melt融化B.assimilate吸收；使同化

C.involve包含；牵涉D.weaver织布工；编织工

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】assimilateinto表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中whiteandHispaniccommunities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。

【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。

5.单选题

Youhavetohaveyourlibrarycardwithyouifyouwanttoborrowbooks,______?

问题1选项

A.haven’tyou

B.willyou

C.mustn’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】D

【解析】考查附加疑问句。附加疑问句，即反意疑问句，指在陈述句后面对陈述句所叙述的事实提出的疑问。这个句子的陈述部分用的动词是haveto，表示肯定，且是一个实义动词，所以反意疑问句应该使用助动词do的否定，D项符合。A选项存在的前提是前面的陈述句里用了助动词have，如：Youhavedoneit,haven’tyou?但是这个句子里面的haveto是一个实意动词，A项错误。B项和C项同理，都需要陈述句里有will或must才正确。因此，该题选择D项。

6.单选题

TeresaEstes,alicensedmental-healthcounselor,watchedasbusinessatherprivatepracticedecreasedlastyear.Thenthesinglemotherturnedtoherkeyboardtoboostherincome.

Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.For$1.89aminute—aratesheset—the39-year-oldfromMarianna,FlA.dispensesadvicetoclientsaroundtheglobe.Shespendsaboutfourhoursadayonline,oftenatnight,whenherdaughterhasgonetobed.

“Itwastheeconomy,”shesaysofhermovetotakeherskillsonline.“LivePersonismoreprofitablethanmyprivatepractice.”Ms.Esteshadchargedherprivateclientsupto$75anhour.

Astherecessiondeepens,asmallbutgrowingnumberofpeoplearetakingtheirskillsonline,offeringexpertiseorperformingspecifiedtasksforafee.Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.Internetjob-searchsitessawa51%riseintrafficfromJanuary2008toJanuary2009,accordingtocomScoreMediaMetrix,to26.7millionuniquevisitors.

Amongthemanyfee-for-serviceWebsitesoutthere,atleastthreeareattractingasignificantnumberofusers—thoughconsumersshouldexerciseahealthydegreeofskepticismwhenconsultinganyofthesesites.LivePersonseeksoutexpertsonaslewoftopics,includingmentalhealth,financialservices,shoppingandfashion,aswellaspsychicsandspiritualadvisers.MechanicalTurk,aWebservicerunbyAInC.paysworkerstoperformtasks,suchascatalogingproductsonline.AssociatedContentpayscontributorstowritearticlesonawiderangeofsubjects,fromorganicflowergardeningtohowtoapplyforfinancialaid.

LivePersonwentpublicin2001,andthecurrentversionofthesitewaslaunchedinlate2007.Today,thesitehas30,000registeredexperts,attractinganaverageof100,000peopleayearwhopayfortheofferedservices,saysChiefExecutiveOfficerRobertLoCascio.Roughly3,500peoplehavemadecontributingtothesitetheirfull-timejob,hesays.

LivePersonsaysitvetscontributors’qualifications,suchasmedicallicensesorfinancialcertification,throughathirdparty,andreliesheavilyonitscommunityreviews.Some200peopleadayapplytobeLivePersonexperts,upfrom120ayearago,saysMr.LoCascio.Oncecleared,advisersworkwithclientsonacost-per-minutebasissetbytheadviser.Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%.

AssociatedContent,bycontrast,reviewssubmissionsinhouseandthendecideshowmuchtopayforthem.Thesite,whichspecializesinhow-topiecesandfeaturestoriesonnewstopics,had237,000registeredcontributorsandmorethanonemillioncontentpiecesasofFebruary,bothaboutdoublefromthesamemonthayearago.

Afterpostingthecontent,thesitesellsadvertisementsagainstitanddistributesittoothercompanies,suchasonlineshoeretailerZappos,whichusethecontentontheirownWebsites.IfAssociatedContentacceptsasubmission(itsaysitrejectsabout25%ofthem),theauthorgetsbetween$5and$30,plus$1,50foreach1,000pageviews.Anabilitytowrite“search-engine-optimized"content,anindustrytermforgeneratinggoodGoogleresults,helps,sayssitefounderLukeBeatty.

Peoplearenotonlylookingforpaymentbutalsoestablishingtheircredentials“assomebodywithexperience”,hesays.Writingaboutaspecificprofession,suchaslaworrealestate,helpsraiseaperson’sprofileonline,enhancinghisjobsearches,saysMr.Beatty.

SabahKarimi,a26-year-oldfromOrlando,FlA.leftacareerinmarketingtobecomeafull-timefreelancewriterandnowspendsbetween8and10hoursaweekwritingforAssociatedContent.Shehasbeenatitforaboutthreeyearsandsayssheearnsroughly$1,000amonthfromherpastandcurrentsubmissions.

Ms.KarimicautionsnewcomerstoAssociatedContentthatittakestimetobuildupearnings.Shesaysshelearnedhowtowritearticlesthatwouldbringtrafficandoftenlooksfornewsyideasthatwillattractreaders.

MechanicalTurk,bycontrast,isbasedon“crowdsourcing”,orbreakingataskintolotsoftinypiecesandgivingittoabiggroupofpeopletocompletequickly.Mostofthesejobs—whichthesitecallsHITs,forhumanintelligencetasks―payjustafewcents.EfficientMTurkers,astheycallthemselves,canmakemorethan$100aweekdoingthingssuchasfindingsomeone’semailaddressorlabelingimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph.

AmazonsaysthatMTurknowhas200,000workersfrom100differentcountries,butitdoesn’tkeeptrackofpastfigures.

Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.Amazonusesthesitetohelpsortimagesandcontent,payingpeopleafewcentsatask.MechanicalTurkalsoservesavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed,especiallythosethatrequireahumanelement.Test-prepstartupKnewtonInC.forexample,usesitextensivelyforfocus-group-typetasks,aswellasenlistingpeopletotakeitspracticetests.

KeriKnutson,amotheroffivefromIndependence,LA.discoveredMechanicalTurkwhenhereldestsonwasheadedforcollege.Ms.Knutson,now45,neededmoneyforhistuitionandfees.Shetookonallkindsoflow-payingbuteasytasksatthebeginning,fromfindingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitemtoidentifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

Peoplelookingtomakemoneyonlineasfee-for-serviceexpertsshouldreadthefineprint.LivePersonhasoneofthemoreformalpaymentsystems,requiringuserstosignupforanaccountbeforetalkingwithanexpert.Somesites,includingAssociatedContentandMechanicalTurk,reservetherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

Mostsiteshavearobustcommunityofworkerswhoregularlyofferoneanothertipsonwhichtaskspaythebest.MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.

Consumerswhousethesesitesalsoneedtoexercisecaution.Relyingonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesourcehasobviousdrawbacks,andtheWebsitesacknowledgethatsomeusershaveregisteredcomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesites.LivePersonwarnsconsumerstooffertheirfinancialandpersonaldetailswithcare.

Fortheworkersonthesesites,evenincrementalsourcesofincomearehelpfulthesedays.Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.Shesaysshehasseenmorecompetitionlatelybutisdeterminedtokeepupherweeklypace.

“IfIdidn’thavethismoney,”shesays,“we’dbestrugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.”

1.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

2.LivePersonInc.isaWebsitewhere（）.

3.Whyarelabor-at-the-keyboardsitesgainingpopularity?

4.HowmuchwillanexpertgetthroughLivePersonifaclientpays$10?

5.MechanicalTurkoriginatedasamethodto（）.

6.WhatdoesTurkerNationdo?

7.WhatdoesMs.Knutsonspendthemajorityofhertimedoing?

8.Whatisprobablythetitleforthepassage?

问题1选项

A.Theeconomicrecessionwilllastafewyears.

B.Morepeoplearetakingtheirskillsonlinetomakemoney.

C.AskingforadvicethroughtheInternetisagoodwaytosolveyourproblems.

D.Peopleshouldn’treleasetheirfinancialandpersonaldetailsonline.

问题2选项

A.peoplechatwitheachotherandmakefriendsfreely

B.professionalsandadvisershelpothersforfree

C.peoplepaymoneyforapplyingtobecomeanexpert

D.clientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisers

问题3选项

A.BecausepeoplelovetoworkontheInternet.

B.BecausemorepeoplearefindingjobsontheInternet.

C.BecausepeoplearebeingaskedtoworkontheInternet.

D.BecauseworkingontheInternetiseasierthanotherwaysofworking.

问题4选项

A.$3to$3.5.

B.$10.

C.$6.5to$7.

D.$5.

问题5选项

A.labelimagesofaparticularanimalinaphotograph

B.serveavarietyofcompanieswhoneedWebtasksperformed

C.helpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase

D.findsomeone’semailaddress

问题6选项

A.Itreservestherighttorefusepaymentifataskisnotcompletedsatisfactorily.

B.Itreliesonlegalormedicaladvicefromanunknownonlinesource.

C.Itregisterscomplaintsabouttheadviceofferedonthesite.

D.Itreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicitandpayfortasks.

问题7选项

A.Findingaplacetopurchaseaspecificitem.

B.Identifyingthenameofastreetinaphotograph.

C.TranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients.

D.Strugglingtofindwhattoeateveryweek.

问题8选项

A.ExpertsonLine

B.SellingExpertiseontheInternetforExtraCash

C.SuccessinRecessionTime

D.PromisingOnlineEconomy

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

第6题:D

第7题:C

第8题:A

【解析】1.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是各领域的收费服务网站兴起，使得越来越多的专业人士通过网络赚钱。故B项“越来越多的人利用他们的专业在网络上赚钱”比较符合文章大意。

2.【试题解析】细节事实题。第二段指出：Ms.Estesappliedtobecomean“expert”onLivePersonInC.aWebsitewhereclientspayforonlinechattimewithprofessionalsandadvisersofallfields.（埃斯特斯申请成为LivePersonInc.的一名“专家”，这是一家客户付费与各领域专业人士和顾问在线聊天的网站）。因此D项“客户为与专业人士的在线交流时间而付费”正确。

3.【试题解析】细节事实题。第四段指出：Labor-at-the-keyboardsitesaregainingpopularityaspeopleincreasinglyturntotheWebinsearchofwork.（随着人们不断转向网络找工作，键盘劳动力网站越来越受欢迎）。因此B项“因为更多的人在网上找工作”正确。

4.【试题解析】判断推理题。第七段指出：Thesitetakesacommissionofbetween30%and35%（网站收取30%到35%的佣金）。由此可算出，如果客户支付10美元，网站抽取佣金3—3.5美元，专家将获得6.5—7美元，故选C。

5.【试题解析】细节事实题。第十五段指出：Thesite—namedforan18th-centurystuntinvolvingaturbanedchess-playing“machine”withanactualchessmasterhiddenwithin—beganasawaytohelpAmazonmanageitsproductdatabase,saysSharonChiarella,vicepresidentofAmazonMechanicalTurk.（亚马逊土耳其机器人的副总裁SharonChiarella说：这个网站——为一个18世纪的噱头命名，涉及一个包着头巾的会下国际象棋的“机器”，里而隐藏着一个真正的国际象棋大师——一开始是作为一种帮助亚马逊管理其产品数据库的方法）。因此C项“帮助亚马逊管理其产品数据库”正确。

6.【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第四段指出：MechanicalTurkusershaveanindependentsitecalledTurkerNation(),whichreviewsthecompaniesthatsolicit(索求)andpayfortaskssothatworkerscancheckacompany’srecordbeforetakingonatask.（MechanicalTurk用户有一个独立的网站叫土耳其国家（），该网站评估索求的公司和支付任务，这样员工可以在接受任务之前检查公司的记录）。因此，D项正确。

7.【试题解析】细节事实题。倒数第二段指出：Ms.KnutsonnowspendsthemajorityofhertimetranscribingWebaudioandvideoforclients,earningabout$250aweekfor30hoursofwork.（克努森女士现在花大部分的时间为客户转录网络音频和视频，一周工作30个小时赚取约250美元）。因此，C项“为客户转录网络音频和视频”正确。

8.【试题解析】主旨大意题。文章主要讲的是各领域的收费服务网站兴起，使得越来越多的专业人士通过网络赚钱。因此，A项“在线专家”比较适合做文章标题。

7.单选题

Youmayput（）onthewheeltomakeitturnmoreeasily.

问题1选项

A.fat

B.grease

C.oil

D.cream

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。fat“脂肪”；grease“油脂，润滑油”；oil“石油，油画材料”；cream“奶油，乳脂”。根据句意可知，涂在轮子上的应该是润滑油，所以选项B正确。

8.单选题

Thepolicedecidedto（）thedepartmentstoreaftertheyhadreceivedabombwarning.

问题1选项

A.evict

B.expel

C.abandon

D.evacuate

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。evict“驱逐”；expel“驱散；赶走”；abandon“放弃”；evacuate“撤离；疏散”，根据bombwarning（爆炸警报）可知警察会疏散、撤离人员，所以此处应该使用动词evacuate，故正确答案为选项D。

9.单选题

Asisknowntoall,avaguelawisalways（）todifferentinterpretations.

问题1选项

A.invulnerable

B.immune

C.resistant

D.susceptible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。invulnerable“不会受伤害的，无懈可击的”；immune“免疫的”；resistant“抵抗的，有抵抗力的”；susceptible“容许……的；易受影响的”。句意：众所周知，一条含糊不清的法规总允许有不同的解释。选项D符合题意。

10.单选题

Thepsychologistcitedseveralinstancesofinsubordinatebehavior.

问题1选项

A.neglected

B.worried

C.mentioned

D.reduced

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家……几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。

11.单选题

Byadaptingtoyourmentalcondition,youcan（）moreinlesstime.

问题1选项

A.complement

B.implement

C.compliment

D.accomplish

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A:complement“补足”；B:implement“实施”；C:;compliment“恭维”；D:accomplish“完成”。句意：通过调整你的心理状态，你能在更短的时间里完成更多任务。结合句意，故D为正确答案。

12.单选题

Hisfriendlinessandhelpfulnessare（）thatmakeeveryonelikeshim.

问题1选项

A.principled

B.attributes

C.functions

D.regimens

【答案】C

【解析】句意：他的友好和乐于助人是很起作用的，大家都喜欢他。A选项为“有原则的，有操守的”；B选项为“归因，属性”；C选项为“起作用”；D选项为“养生法养生之道”。根据原句语义逻辑可知，C项与friendliness和helpfulness搭配更恰当，更符合句意。

13.单选题

Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sage,sex,andbodytype.Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease,notamoralfailing.Itoccurswhenenergyintakeexceedstheamountofenergyexpendedovertime.Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids(类固醇),thatcancauseweightgain.

Themoreapersonweighs,themorebloodvesselsthebodyneedstocirculatebloodthroughoutthebody.Thehearttakesonaheavyburdenashastopumphardertoforcethebloodflowthroughsomanyvessels.Asaresult;theheartgrowsinsizeandbloodpressuretendstorise.Obesityisalsoafactorinosteoarthritis(becauseoftheextraweightplacedonthejoints),boneandjointdiseases,respiratoryailments,gallbladderdisease,complicationsduringpregnancyanddelivery,andhigheraccidentaldeathrate.

Obesitycanalterhormonelevels,affectimmunefunction,andcauseimpotenceinmenandreproductiveproblemsinwomen.Womenwhoare30%overweightaretwiceaslikelytodieofendometrialcancer,andthosewhoare40%overweighthavefourtimestherisk.Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast,ovaries,andgallbladder.Obesemenaremorelikelytodevelopcancersoftherectum,colon,bladder,pancreas,stomach,andprostate.

Obesitycanalsocausepsychologicalproblems.Sufferersareassociatedwithlaziness,failure,orinadequatewillpower.Asaresult,overweightmenandwomenblamethemselvesforbeingheavy,thuscausingfeelingsofguiltanddepression.

ScientificevidencehasfoundanassociationbetweenBMI(bodymassindex)andhigherdeathrates.However,therelativeriskofbeingheavydeclineswithage.Someresearchershavefoundthatdatalinkingoverweightanddeathareinconclusive,whileotherresearchershavefoundthatlosingweightmayberiskierthandangersposedbyextrapounds.Someresearcherscounterthatoverweightindirectlycontributestoover300,000deathsayear.

ApollbyShapeUpAmericafoundthat78%ofoverweightorobeseadultshaveabandoneddietingasameansoflosingweight.Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes.

1.Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainideaofthispassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whydoesdietingnotresultinpermanentweightloss?

4.WhichofthefollowingisimpliedinParagraph5?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeconcludedfromthispassage?

问题1选项

A.Obesityputsaburdenontheheart.

B.Manypeopleareconstantlydieting

C.Obesityisconsideredtobeadisease.

D.Obesitycanleadtomanyserioushealthproblems

问题2选项

A.obesityisoftenrelatedtomedicationssuchassteroids

B.obesitydoesnotaffectaperson'schanceofgettingcancer

C.adiagnosisofobesityisbasedonanormalweightforone'sage,sexandbodytype.

D.obesityisbecominglessofaproblemintoday'ssociety

问题3选项

A.Dietsdon'tteachpeoplegoodeatinghabits,

B.Dietsleadtopeople’sguiltanddepression

C.Therearetoomanydietsandeachhasdifferentrequirements.

D.Dietscausefeelingofdeprivation

问题4选项

A.Losingalotofweightisnotwiseforolderpeople.

B.Somesurgicalmethodsforweightlossarebetterthandieting.

C.Allobesepeopleneedtoshedtheirextrapounds.

D.Obesepeopleshouldconsulttheirdoctorsabouttheprosandconsoflosingweight

问题5选项

A.Obesityisnotamajorhealthrisk.

B.Scientistsagreeontheconnectionbetweenobesityanddeath.

C.Obesepeoplearelikelytobebiasedagainstbyothers

D.Obesepeopleoftenblameothersfortheirconditions.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。第一段主要说明了什么是肥胖及什么导致了肥胖，第二段至第五段讨论了肥胖会导致的各种健康问题，最后一段说明了减肥失败的原因。因此D项“肥胖会导致许多严重的健康问题”符合文章大意。

第2题:细节事实题。A:肥胖通常与类固醇等药物有关。第一段赞成：Onlyinasmallminorityofcasesisobesitycausedbysuchillnessesashypothyroidism,ortheresultoftakingmedicationssuchassteroids（类固醇），thatcancauseweightgain（只有在少数情况下，肥胖是由甲状腺功能减退等疾病或服用能导致体重增加的如类固醇药物造成的）。因此A项不符合原文所述。B:肥胖不会影响一个人得癌症的几率。第三段指出：Obesewomenalsoaremorelikelytoincurcancersofthebreast（肥胖女性也更容易患乳腺癌）。因此B项错误。C:肥胖的诊断是基于一个人的年龄、性别和体型的正常体重。第一段指出：Obesitygenerallyisdefinedasanaccumulationoffatbeyondwhatisconsiderednormalforaperson'sase,sex,andbodytype（肥胖一般被定义为脂肪的积累超过了就一个人的年龄、性别和体型而言被认为是正常的水平）。因此C项正确。D:在当今社会，肥胖已经不再是一个问题了。第一段指出：Intoday’ssocietyobesityisconsideredadisease（在当今社会，肥胖被认为是一种疾病）。因此D项不符合原文所述。本题选C。

第3题:细节事实题。最后一段指出：Dietsdonotteachpeoplehowtoeatproperly.Theymerelyrestrictfoodintaketemporarily,sowhenthedietends,weightgainresumes（节食并不能教会人们如何正确饮食。他们只是暂时限制食物摄入，所以当饮食结束时，体重又会恢复增长）。因此A项正确。

第4题:判断推理题。A:对老年人来说，减肥是不明智的。B:有些手术减肥方法比节食减肥效果好。C:所有的肥胖者都需要减掉多余的体重。D:肥胖的人应该向医生咨询减肥的利与弊。第五段指出：而另一些研究人员发现，减肥可能比超重带来的危险更大。一些研究人员反驳说，超重每年间接导致30多万人死亡。由此推断，是否应减肥还应向医生咨询，故选D。

第5题:判断推理题。A:肥胖不是一个主要的健康风险。文章提及很多肥胖导致的健康问题，因此A项并不能被推断出。B:科学家们一致认为肥胖和死亡之间存在联系。第五段有指出：关于肥胖与死亡的关系，有很多不同观点，因此B项也不能被推断出。C:胖人有可能受到他人对自己的偏见。D:肥胖的人经常把自己的状况归咎于别人。第四段指出：（肥胖）患者被与懒惰、失败或意志力不足联系在一起。最后，超重的男人和女人责怪他们自己太重，从而导致内疚和沮丧的感觉。由此推断，C项正确，D项不正确。本题选C。

14.问答题

Thetroubleis,asIseeit(A),thatheisaperfectionistinhisway(B),andhesaysthat(C)liewillnothavechildrenwhen(D)theycanafforditfinancially.

【答案】试题答案：D;until

【解析】考查固定句型。not...until意为“直到……才”，因此将when改为until。

15.单选题

Thebiographerhastodancebetweentwoshakypositionswithrespecttothesubject.Tooclosearelation,andthewritemayloseobjectivity.Notcloseenough,andthewritermaylackthesympathynecessarytoanyefforttoportrayamind,asoul—thequalityoflife.Whoshouldwritethebiographyofafamily,forexample?Becauseoftheirclosenesstothesubject,familymembersmayhavespecialinformation,butbythesametoken,theymaynothavethedistancethatwouldallowthemtobefair.Similarly,aking’'sservantmightnotbethebestonetowriteabiographyofthatking.Butaforeignermightnothavetheknowledgeandsympathynecessarytowritetheking’'sbiography—-notforareadershipfromwithinthekingdom,atanyrate.

Thereisnoidealpositionforsuchatask.Thebiographerhastoworkwiththepositionbeheorshehasintheworld,adjustingthatpositionasnecessarytodealwiththesubject.Everypositionhasstrengthsandweaknessestothrive,awritermusttrytobecomeawareofthese,evaluatethemintermsofthesubject,andselectapositionaccordingly.

Whentheirsubjectsareheroesorfamousfigures,biographiesoftenrevealademocraticmotive:theyattempttoshowthattheirsubjectsareonlyhuman,nobetterthananyoneelse.Otherbiographiesaremeanttochangeus,toinviteustobecomebetterthanweare.ThebiographiesofJesusfoundintheBibleareinthisclass.

Biographersmayclaimthattheiraccountisthe“authentic”"one.Inadvancingthisclaim,theyarehelpedifthebiographyis"“authorized”"bythesubject;thispresumablyallowsthebiographerspecialaccesstoprivateinformation."“Unauthorized”"biographiesalsohavetheirappeal,however,sincetheycansuggestanindependenceofmindinthebiogr