考研考博-英语-华北电力大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-华北电力大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Thosewerethesoldiers（

）tosavethetown.

问题1选项

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意：这些士兵的（）是保卫城镇。根据句意答案选A；关系代词whose在定语从句中职能作状语，不能作主语，所以C选项错误；介词+whom/which在定语从句中一般作状语，D选项不符语法，B选项不符题意。而且responsibility一般不与in搭配。

2.单选题

Nomodernindustrialenterprisescan（）foramomentwithoutrulesandsetprocedures.

问题1选项

A.make

B.do

C.try

D.perform

【答案】B

【解析】动词do可以用来表达完成一些日常的活动或工作。注意，这些活动通常都是没有产出具体实物的活动，所以do符合本题语义；make用来表达构造、建立和创造的意思，用来表达创造出可以触碰的实物的活动，所以排除。C、D词义不符。

3.单选题

Idon’tunderstandwhatyou’regettingsoworkedupaboutit.It’sreallynotaproblem.

问题1选项

A.unconcerned

B.concerned

C.angry

D.happy

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项unconcerned“不关心的；无关的；无忧虑的”；B选项concerned“有关的；关心的”；C选项angry“生气的；愤怒的；狂暴的；（伤口等）发炎的”；D选项happy“幸福的；高兴的；巧妙的”。句意：我不明白你为什么这么生气。这真的不是问题。本句关键词workedup表示“激动的，生气的”，四个选项中C选项最合适，因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Hismemoryseemsto（

）withage.Therearealotofthingshecouldn'trememberclearly.

问题1选项

A.lessen

B.diminish

C.decrease

D.reduce

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。四个选项都可以表示“减少”。lessen指数目、程度、价值、实力等的减少；diminish指某事物对照原本基础上数量或质量少了很多；decrease指各种事物逐渐减少、逐渐衰弱的过程；reduce指缩小事物的范围、强度、数量等，也可指级别、地位或经济条件的降低。此处表示他的记忆力随着年龄的增长而减弱，记忆力变得比原来差，因此选B。

句意：他的记忆力似乎随着年龄的增长而减弱，有很多事情他记不清了。

5.单选题

Therearemanywaysofdefiningsuccess.Itisaccuratetosaythateachofushasourownconceptofsuccesstotheextentthateachofusisresponsibleforsettingourowngoalsanddeterminingwhetherwehavemetthesegoalssatisfactorily.Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.

Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature,andwhoisrespectedbecausehedoesagoodjobofachievingthegoalsexpectedofandacceptedbyhimandhissociety.Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess.Becausenotallventurescanbesuccessful,oneshouldnotsetunrealisticgoalsforachievingsuccess,butifonehasself-confidenceitwouldbeunfortunatetosetone’sgoalsattoolowalevelofachievement.

Awisecounseloroncesaidtoayoungmanwhowasexperiencingfrustrationwithhisownprofessionalsuccess:“Youdonothavetosetyourgoaltoreachthemooninordertohavesuccessintraveling.Sometimesonecanbeverysuccessfulmerelybytakingawalkinthepark,orridingthesubwaydowntown,”Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.’’

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorimpliesthat（）areessentialinachievingsuccess.

2.Theword“frugal’’（Line2,Para.2）means（）.

3.Somerichpeopleconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulbecause（）.

4.Thelastparagraphimpliesthat（）.

5.Thispassagemainlytalksabout（）.

问题1选项

A.abilityandgoals

B.goalsanddetermination

C.abilityandenvironment

D.goalsandenvironment

问题2选项

A.wealthy

B.wasteful

C.thrifty

D.miserable

问题3选项

A.theirlifeismiserable

B.theydonotliveinpeace

C.theirgoalsaretoolow

D.theyarenotrichenoughbytheirownstandards

问题4选项

A.weshouldhavehighgoals

B.successmeansachievinggreatgoals

C.successmeanstakingawalkinthepark

D.successmeanstryingone’sbestatwhatonereallylikes

问题5选项

A.thedefinitionofsuccess

B.howtoachievesuccess

C.howtosetgoals

D.theimportanceofgoals

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段最后一句“Becauseeachofuspossessesuniquedifferencesingeneticabilityandfavorableenvironmentsinwhichtoexpresstheseabilities,itisnecessarilytruethatwemustdefinesuccessbroadly.因为我们每个人在遗传能力和表达这些能力的有利环境方面都有独特的差异，所以我们必须广义地定义成功。”由此可知环境和能力是成功的必要因素。C项正确。

2.词义题。由第二段第二句"Forsomepeople,simplybeingabletolivetheirlifewithaminimumofmiseryandsufferingisconsideredasuccess,Thinkofthepeaceofmindofthepoorshepherdwhotendshissheep,enjoyshisfrugallifewithhisfamilyinthebeautyofnature…"由前面的“对一些人来说，只要能以最少的痛苦和折磨过自己的生活就算是成功了，想想那些内心平静的可怜的牧羊人吧…”可知牧羊人与家人一起在大自然的美景中享受简朴的生活。故C项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到第二段"Ontheotherhand,itseemsthateventhoughsomepeopleappeartoberichinmaterialpossessions,manyofthemseemtobemiserableandconsiderthemselvesunsuccessfulwhenjudgedbytheirowngoalsofsuccess."另一方面，似乎即使有些人看起来拥有丰富的物质财富，他们中的许多人似乎是悲惨的，当以他们自己的成功目标来判断时，他们认为自己是不成功的。可知富人认为自己不成功是因为从他们自己的目标来衡量时并不够富有。故D项正确。

4.判断推理题。由最后一段“Thecounseloradded,“Youhavenotreallyfailedandspoiledyourchancesforsuccessuntilyouhavebeenunsuccessfulatsomethingyoureallylike,andtowhichyouhavegivenyourbesteffort.”顾问补充说:“你并没有真正失败，也没有破坏你成功的机会，直到你在你真正喜欢的事情上失败了，并为此付出了最大的努力。可知D项正确。ABC三项与原文不符。

5.主旨大意题。全文主要第一段讲述了成功的定义，第二段和第三段分别举例说明什么是成功。故A项正确。

6.单选题

Inthenextfewyears,theterm"bigdata"willcometoseemnaive,likewhen"informationsuperhighway"gavewayto"theinternet"in1995.

We'reenteringanageofpersonalbigdataanditsimpactonourliveswillsurpassthatoftheinternet.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertaintyeverydayquestionslikewhetherthatdressactuallymakesyoulookfat,orprofoundquestionsaboutpreciselyhowlongyouwilllive.

Every20yearsorso,apowerfultechnologymovesfromtherealmofbackroomexpertiseandintothehandsofthemasses.Inthelate1970s,computingmadethattransitionfrommainframesinglass-enclosedroomstopersonalcomputerondesks.Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.

Eachtransitiontouchedoffanexplosionofinnovationandreshapedworkandleisure.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.Twentyyearslater,225million.Thenumberofinternetusersin1995hit16million.Todayit'smorethan3billion.Inmuchoftheworld,it'shardtoimaginelifewithoutconstantaccesstobothcomputingandnetworks.

The2010swillbethecoming-outpartyfordata.Gathering,accessingandgleaninginsightsfromvastanddeepdatahasbeenacapabilitylockedinsideenterpriseslongenough.Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.Ontheotherhand,connecteddevicessuchastheNestthermostatorFitbithealthmonitorandappsonsmartphonesincreasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.

ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.Butthegamechangerusheringintheneweraistheabilitytomakesenseofdatainwaysthatletnon-techhumansinteractwithit,learnfromitanduseit.

Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.Anewgenerationofcomputers-cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata-willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.Somewhatlikebrains,thesesystemscanlinkdiversebitsofdatatocomeupwithrealanswers,notjustsearchresults.

1.Whatcausedtheappearanceofmoderninternet?

2.Whatdoesthephrase"tappinginto"(paragraph5)probablymeaninthetext?

3.Inwhichwaycanwegetdataaboutourselves?

4.Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweentraditionalcomputersandcognitivecomputersystems?

5.Whatcanbeinferredfromthetext?

问题1选项

A.Bigdata

B.Informationsuperhighway

C.Cloudcomputing

D.Browsers

问题2选项

A.Stickinginto.

B.Beatingsoftly

C.Makinguseof

D.Investing

问题3选项

A.Fromeverydaypersonalactions.

B.Fromconnecteddevices.

C.Fromeverydaypersonalhabits.

D.Fromdatabase.

问题4选项

A.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkfasterthantraditionalcomputers

B.Cognitivecomputersystemsworkmoreaccurately.

C.Cognitivecomputersystemcanworklikehumanbrains.

D.Cognitivecomputersystemscansearchresults.

问题5选项

A.Computingwasintherealmofbackroomexpertisebefore1970s.

B.Theworldisfloodedintoomuchconfuseddata.

C.In1975,50,000PCswereinuseworldwide.

D.Datawillanswerquestionswecouldneverbeforeanswerwithcertainty.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由文章第三段中的Inthelate1990s,thefirstwebbrowsersmadenetworks,whichhadbeenforsciencelabsandthemilitary,accessibletoanyofus,givingbirthtothemoderninternet.（在20世纪90年代后期，第一批网络浏览器使网络可以为我们所用，从而出现了现代的互联网，这些网络曾是专为科学实验室和军队所用）可知选D。

2.词义题。stickinginto意为“坚持，粘入”；beatingsoftly意为“轻拍”；makinguseof意为“利用”；investing意为“投资，花费”。根据“tappinginto”在Cloudcomputingandmobiledevicesnowmakeitpossibletostandinabathroomlineatabaseballgamewhiletappingintomassivecomputingpoweranddatabases.（现在云计算和移动设备可以……巨大的计算能力和数据库使站在浴室里篮球赛成为可能）中前后的句意，可知C选项最符合语境。

3.细节事实题。由文章倒数第三段中的Ontheotherhand,connecteddevices...increasinglycollectnewkindsofinformationabouteverydaypersonalactionsandhabits,turningitintodataaboutourselves.（另一方面，连接的设备……越来越多地收集有关日常个人行为和习惯的新信息，将其转化为有关自己的数据）可知选B。

4.细节事实题。由文章最后一段中的Anewgenerationofcomputers—cognitivecomputingsystemsthatlearnfromdata—willreadtweetsore-booksorwatchvideoandcomprehenditscontent.（新一代计算机——从数据中学习的认知计算系统——能阅读推特或电子书或观看视频，能并理解其内容）可知选C。

5.推理判断题。由文章倒数第二段中ThattheworldisawashindatamaybeasobviousassayingLadyGagadressesfunny.（世界上充斥着大量的数据，这可能和说LadyGaga的服装很有趣一样显而易见）和最后一段中的Morethan80percentofdatatodayisunstructured:tanglesofYouTubevideos,newsstories,academicpapers,socialnetworkcomments.Unstructureddatahasbeenalmostimpossibletosearchfor,analyzeandmixwithotherdata.（今天超过80%的数据是非结构化的：视频、新闻报道、学术论文、社交网络评论。非结构化数据几乎不可能搜索、分析和与其他数据混合）可知B选项“世界上充斥着太多令人困惑的数据”符合题意。

7.单选题

Thejudgecriticizedthelawyerbecausehedidn’tkeephisremarkstothetopic（

）discussion.

问题1选项

A.on

B.under

C.with

D.for

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。underdiscussion“在讨论中”。句意：法官批评了律师，因为他没有在讨论中就这个话题发表言论。B项正确。

8.单选题

Abudgetoffivedollarsadayistotally______foratriproundEurope.

问题1选项

A.inadequate

B.incapable

C.incompatible

D.invalid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项inadequate“不足够的，不充分的”；B选项incapable“无能力的，不能的”；C选项incompatible“不相容的”；D选项invalid“无效的”。根据四个选项及题干的意思可知A选项符合语义。句意：一天五美元的预算完全不足以作一次欧洲之旅。

9.单选题

Attemptstopersuadehertostayaftershefeltinsultedwere（）.

问题1选项

A.innoway

B.onthecontrary

C.ataloss

D.ofnoavail

【答案】D

【解析】句意:在她觉得受到侮辱后，企图劝她留下来是徒劳的。

考查短语辨析。innoway决不；onthecontrary正相反；ataloss亏本地；困惑不解；ofnoavail无效;不起作用；徒劳的。根据前半句句意“在她觉得受到侮辱后”可知，D符合句意。

10.单选题

Inmountainousregions,muchofthesnowthatfallsiscompactedintoice.

问题1选项

A.brokendown

B.embedded

C.compiled

D.compressed

【答案】D

【解析】句意：在山区，大部分降雪被压成冰。compacted意为压实，压紧。brokendown打破，折断；embedded嵌入，植入；compiled编辑；compressed压紧，压缩。选项D与之意思相近。

11.单选题

Thenaturaldisastershaveimmeasurably（）thesocialandeconomicdevelopmentofourcountry.

问题1选项

A.impressed

B.affected

C.effected

D.interfered

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。impress“给予某人深刻印象”；affect“影响；感染；”;effect“产生;达到目的”；interfere“冲突;介入”。句意：自然灾害会对我们国家的社会和经济产生不可估量的影响。由naturaldisasters可推知自然灾害会对经济和社会产生影响。故B项正确。

12.单选题

Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography.Theemphasisofthisnew"communityecology"wasonthecompositionandstructureofcommunitiesconsistingofdifferentspecies.Intheearlytwentiethcentury,theAmericanecologistFredericClementspointedoutthatasuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.Anabandonedfield,forinstance,willbeinvadedsuccessivelybyherbaceousplants（plantswithlittleornowoodytissue）,shrubs,andtrees,eventuallybecomingaforest.Light-lovingspeciesarealwaysamongthefirstinvaders,whileshade-tolerantspeciesappearlaterinthesuccession.

Clementsandotherearlyecologistssawalmostlawlikeregularityintheorderofsuccession,butthathasnotbeensubstantiated.Ageneraltrendcanberecognized,butthedetailsareusuallyunpredictable.Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizations,andmanyotherrandomprocesses.

Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.Nevertheless,maturenaturalenvironmentsareusuallyinequilibrium.Theychangerelativelylittlethroughtimeunlesstheenvironmentitselfchanges.

ForClements,theclimaxwasa"superorganism,"anorganicentity.EvensomeauthorswhoacceptedtheclimaxconceptrejectedClements1characterizationofitasasuperorganism,anditisindeedamisleadingmetaphor.Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances.Butthereisnoevidenceforsuchaninteractingcommunicativenetworkinaclimaxplantformation.Manyauthorsprefertheterm"association"totheterm"community"inordertostresstheloosenessoftheinteraction.

Evenlessfortunatewastheextensionofthistypeofthinkingtoincludeanimalsaswellasplants.Thisresultedinthe"biome,"acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna.Thoughitistruethatmanyanimalsarestrictlyassociatedwithcertainplants,itismisleadingtospeakofa"spruce-moosebiome,"forexample,becausethereisnointernalcohesiontotheirassociationasinanorganism.Thesprucecommunityisnotsubstantiallyaffectedbyeitherthepresenceorabsenceofmoose.Indeed,therearevastareasofspruceforestwithoutmoose.TheoppositiontotheClementsianconceptofplantecologywasinitiatedbyHerbertGleason,soonjoinedbyvariousotherecologists.Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspeciesandthatthereforethevegetationtypeswereasimpleconsequenceoftheecologiesofindividualplantspecies.

1.Ecologyhadbeenrootedin（）beforeitgrewintoanindependentscience.

2.AccordingtoFredericClements,（）afteravolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire.

3.Successionisinfluencedbythefollowingfactorsexcept（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabout“climax”,accordingtothepassage?

5.Theconceptof"biome"wouldemphasizethat（）.

问题1选项

A.communityecology

B.thescienceofspecies

C.thestudyofcommunitystructure

D.naturalhistoryandplantgeography

问题2选项

A.onlylight-lovingspeciescangrow

B.plantcommunitiescandevelop

C.forestscanhardlysurvive

D.fewplantscangrow

问题3选项

A.regularrainfalls

B.chancecolonizations

C.exposuretosun

D.natureofthesoil

问题4选项

A.Itsnatureisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession.

B.Itchangesrelativelylittlethroughtimeatmaturity.

C.Itisahighlyinteractingcommunicativenetwork.

D.Itisthefinalstageofasuccession.

问题5选项

A.animalsandplantsdonotsubstantiallyaffecteachother

B.plantcommunitiesalwaysrelyoncoexistinganimalstosurvive

C.thereisinternalcohesionintheassociationofanimalswithplants

D.thedistributionofagivenspeciesiscontrolledbythehabitatrequirements

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据原文第一段“Inthelatenineteenthcentury,ecologybegantogrowintoanindependentsciencefromitsrootsinnaturalhistoryandplantgeography”可知，19世纪后期，生态学从其自然历史和植物地理学的根源开始成长为一门独立的科学。由此可判断本题正确答案为D选项。A选项表示“社区生态学”，B选项表示“物种学科”，C选项表示“社区结构的研究”。

2.细节事实题。题干询问：根据FredericClements的理论，在火山爆发、洪水或森林大火之后……。根据题干关键信息定位到原文第一段第三句“asuccessionofplantcommunitieswoulddevelopafteradisturbancesuchasavolcaniceruption,heavyflood,orforestfire”可知，一系列的植物群落会在火山爆发、洪水或者森林火灾后形成。因此本题正确答案为B选项。A选项表示“只有喜光的物种才能生长”，C选项表示“森林很难生存”，D选项表示“很少植物能生长”。

3.细节事实题。根据题干信息定位到原文第二段最后一句“Successionisinfluencedbymanyfactors:thenatureofthesoil,exposuretosunandwind,regularityofprecipitation,chancecolonizationsandmanyotherrandomprocesses”可知，生态演替受到多种因素的影响：土壤土质、暴露到阳光和风中、降水的规律性、定居生长的机会以及许多其它随机过程。因此本题正确答案为A选项。

4.推理判断题。题干询问：根据文章可知，下面关于“climax”的表述哪个选项是不正确的?由原文第三段第一句“Thefinalstageofasuccession,calledtheclimaxbyClementsandearlyecologists,islikewisenotpredictableorofuniformcomposition.”可知，“climax”指的是生态演替的最后一个阶段——顶级群落。可判断D选项正确。由原文第三段第二句“Thereisusuallyagooddealofturnoverinspeciescomposition,eveninamaturecommunity.”可知，即使在一个成熟的群落中，物种组成通常也有很大的变化，可判断B选项错误。由第三段第三句“Thenatureoftheclimaxisinfluencedbythesamefactorsthatinfluencedsuccession”可知，影响生态演替的因素同样也影响顶级群落的性质，可判断A选项表述正确。由第四段第三句“Anantcolonymaybelegitimatelycalledasuperorganismbecauseitscommunicationsystemissohighlyorganizedthatthecolonyalwaysworksasawholeandappropriatelyaccordingtothecircumstances”可知，一个蚁群可能被合法地称为顶级群落，因为它的交流系统是高度组织化的，由此可判断C选项正确。综上所述，本题正确答案为B选项。

5.推理判断题。题干询问：“生态群系”的概念强调的是……。根据题干关键信息“biome”可定位到原文最后一段，根据“acombinationofcoexistingfloraandfauna”可知，“biome”是指共生的动植物群的组合。由最后一段最后一句“Theirmajorpointwasthatthedistributionofagivenspecieswascontrolledbythehabitatrequirementsofthatspecies”可知，一种特定物种的分布是由该物种的栖息地需求控制的，由此可判断，本题正确答案为D选项。A选项表示“动物和植物之间没有实质性的相互影响”，B选项表示“植物群落总是依靠共存的动物生存”，C选项表示“在动物与植物的联系中有一种内在的凝聚力”。

13.单选题

The______ofthewordisunknown,butitiscertainlynotfromGreek.

问题1选项

A.origin

B.generation

C.decent

D.cause

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词。A选项origin“起源，来源”，指事物开始出现的始点或其来源与出处；B选项generation“一代，产生”；C选项decent“正派的，得体的”，为形容词；D选项cause“原因，起因”，指某事件、后果等的起因。句意：这个词的起源是未知的，但肯定不是来自希腊语。

14.单选题

Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovementinthelatenineteenthcentury______theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical.

问题1选项

A.diffuses

B.undermines

C.supports

D.underscores

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项diffuse“扩散，传播”，B项undermine“逐渐削弱（信心、权威等），渐渐破坏”，C项support“支持，帮助，支撑”，D项underscore“强调，划线于……下”。根据句子可知，句子缺少一个谓语动词，由Theactivists’energeticworkintheserviceofbothwomansuffrageandthetemperancemovement（积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作）和theassertionthatthetwomovementswereinimical（这两个运动是敌对的断言）可判断，这两者的关系是“削弱”，B项符合。句意：19世纪晚期，积极分子为妇女选举权和禁酒运动所做的积极工作削弱了这两个运动是敌对的论断。因此，该题选择B项。

15.单选题

Thetravelagencyhasafullprogramof（）,iftouristswishtovisitlocalplacesofinterest.

问题1选项

A.expeditions

B.excursions

C.explorations

D.propositions

【答案】B

【解析】句意:如果游客想游览当地的名胜古迹，旅行社有一套完整的短途旅行计划。

考查名词辨析。expedition远征，探险;excursion远足，短程旅行;exploration探测；proposition命题，提议。根据“当地的名胜古迹”可知四个选项中，B项正确。

16.单选题

Thelanguageexpertsbelievethatthe（

）ageforlearningaforeignlanguageis6yearsold.

问题1选项

A.conceptual

B.considerate

C.optimal

D.component

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:语言专家相信学一门外语最佳的年龄是6岁。

conceptual概念上的。considerate体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的optimal最佳的；最理想的。component组成的，构成。

17.单选题

Wehadintendedtotalkaboutwork,but（

）startedtotalkaboutfootball.

问题1选项

A.continuously

B.unwittingly

C.permanently

D.consistently

【答案】B

【解析】考察副词词义辨析。continuously“继续地”；unwittingly“不知不觉地”；permanently“永久地”；consistently“一致地”。句意：我们原意是打算谈论工作的，但是不知不觉就谈到了足球。选项B符合题意。

18.单选题

Onlyonceinawhile（）anovellikethat.

问题1选项

A.theloverofbookscomesabout

B.theloverofbookscomesacross

C.doestheloverofbookscomeacross

D.doestheloverofbookscome

【答案】C

【解析】考查倒装。Only位于句首，句子需要倒装，由此可首先排除选项A和选项B；再根据句意：爱书的人只有偶尔才会遇到这样的小说。comeacross意为“偶遇，无意中发现”，选项C符合语境。

19.单选题

CornoriginatedintheNewWorldandthuswasnotknowninEuropeuntilColumbusfoundit_____inCuba.

问题1选项

A.beingcultivated

B.beencultivated

C.havingcultivated

D.cultivating

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：玉米原产于新大陆，因此直到哥伦布发现古巴在种植玉米，欧洲才知道它的存在。it指玉米，根据玉米被种植确定用被动语态，排除C、D选项；在until引导的时间状语从句中，it是宾语，横线到句尾是宾补，强调被种植的状态，用现在分词的形式，A选项beingcultivated符合题意。B选项beencultivated用法错误。因此A选项正确。

20.单选题

Thestudentsaidtherewereafewpointsintheessayhe（

）impossibletocomprehend.

问题1选项

A.hadfound

B.finds

C.hasfound

D.wouldfind

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这位学生称自己觉得这篇文章中有几点难以理解。

语法题。考查过去完成吋态。句中“said”表示一般过去时,句中后面的动作发生在过去的过去，故使用过去完成时态的A项“hadfound”正确。

21.单选题

Sincehisinjurywasserious,thedoctorsuggestedthathe（）inthegame.

问题1选项

A.didnotplay

B.mustnotplay

C.notplay

D.nottoplay

【答案】C

【解析】suggest表建议时用虚拟语气，用should+动词原形，should可省略，所以选项C正确。

22.单选题

Wemustlivewiththeknowledgethatalllivingcreaturesare___.

问题1选项

A.moral

B.fierce

C.fatal

D.mortal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项moral“道德的；精神上的；品性端正的”；B选项fierce“凶猛的；猛烈的；暴躁的”；C选项fatal“致命的；重大的；毁灭性的；命中注定的”；D选项mortal“凡人的；致死的；终有一死的；不共戴天的”。句意：我们必须认识到，所有生物都是终有一死的。故选D。

23.单选题

IworkedsolateintheofficelastnightthatIhardlyhadtime______thelastbus.

问题1选项

A.tohavecaught

B.tocatch

C.catching

D.havingcaught

【答案】B

【解析】考查目的状语。在整个句子中，过去时态体现在谓语动词上，根据语境，没有时间赶上最后一班公交车，表明横线部分为目的状语，不需要体现时态，所以A选项tohavecaught和D选项havingcaught不符合题意，同时sb.havetime后面的目的状语用todo，所以B选项tocatch符合题意。C选项catching表示伴随状态，不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

24.不定项选择题

TheAmericansnolongerexpectpublicfigures,whetherinspeechorinwriting,tocommandtheEnglishlanguagewithskillandgift.Nordotheyaspiretosuchcommandthemselves.Inhislatestbooks,DoingOurOwnThing,TheDegradationofLanguageandMusicandWhyWeShouldLike,Care,JohnMcWhorter,alinguistandcontroversialistofmixedliberalandconservativeviews,seesthetriumphof1960s’counter-cultureasresponsibleforthedeclineofformalEnglish.Butthecultoftheauthenticandthepersonal,“doingourownthing”,hasspeltthedeathofformalspeech,writing,poetryandmusic.Whileeventhemodestlyeducatedsoughtanelevatedtonewhentheyputpentopaperbeforethe1960s,eventhemostwellregardedwritingsincethenhassoughttocapturespokenEnglishonthepage.Equally,inpoetry,thehighlypersonal,performativegenreistheonlyformthatcouldclaimrealliveliness.InbothoralandwrittenEnglish,talkingistriumphingoverspeaking,spontaneityovercraft.

Illustratedwithanentertainingarrayofexamplesfrombothhighan