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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广西演艺职业学院押题密卷附带答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Psychologiststhinkofattitudesasbeingpredispositiontowardobjectsoreventsthatdeterminethewaypeoplereacttodifferentstimuli.

问题1选项

A.priorinclinations

B.prescriptions

C.precautions

D.principalcommitments

【答案】A

【解析】心理学家认为态度是对事物或事件的一种倾向,它决定了人们对不同刺激的反应方式。predisposition意为“倾向”。priorinclinations倾向,爱好;prescriptions医药处方;precautions预防措施,预警;principalcommitments主要承诺。选项A与之意思相近。

2.单选题

Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;thatevennewindividualsetsanewproblem;thathecallsforatleastasomewhatdifferentemphasisinsubject-matterpresented.Thereisnothingmoreblindlystupidthantheconventionwhichsupposesthatthematteractuallycontainedintextbooksofarithmetic,history,geography,etc.,isjustwhatwillfurthertheeducationaldevelopmentofallchildren.

Butwithdrawalfromthehardandfastandnarrowcontentsoftheoldcurriculumisonlythenegativesideofthematter.Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.Completeisolationisimpossibleinnature.Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.Intheeducativeenvironmenttheknowledge,judgmentandexperienceoftheteacherisagreater,notasmallerfactor,thanitisinthetraditionalschool.Thedifferenceisthattheteacheroperatesnotasajudgesetonhighandmarkedbyarbitraryauthoritybutasafriendlyco-partnerandguideinacommonenterprise.

1.Intheauthor’sview,thebasicfaultofoldeducationconsistsin().

2.Theauthoragitatesreformsinthe().

3.Itseemsthatneweducationalistsfavor().

4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif().

5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas().

问题1选项

A.theinadequatesupplyofspecificsubjectsandprograms

B.thepoorimaginativecapacitiesofeducators

C.providinginflexibleeducationalconditions

D.makingpupilsreadtextbookswithoutdatedcontent

问题2选项

A.oldsubject-mattertofollowtechnologicaladvances

B.staleteachingmaterialsandteachingmethods

C.prescribedtextbooksandunchangingsystems

D.generalconsentaboutmultipurposetextbooks

问题3选项

A.teachingpupilsaccordingtoeachone’stalent

B.introducingthelatestinformationtotheyouth

C.renderinginstructionclosetopupils’experiences

D.supplementingalltextbookswithfreshmaterials4.Therewillbetheriskofforminganeducationalblankif().

问题4选项

A.therigidschoolcurriculaarethoroughlytransformed

B.thenegativeeffectofoldeducationisonlypartlyrecognized

C.thetraditionalsubject-mattertotallysubstitutesfornewone

D.thereplacementofunvaryingcourseswithflexibleonesfails5.Pupilsmaybewellguardedagainstillsocialinfluencesaslongas().

问题5选项

A.educatorsdiscardtheirliabilityforthebeing-educated

B.teachershavesoundjudgmenttomaketherightchoice

C.instructorshelpestablishconditionsfavorabletopupils’growth

D.schoolmastersfunctionasequalco-operatorsinajointbusiness

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:在作者看来,旧教育的基本错误在于_____。根据关键词“basicfault”和“oldeducation”可以定位到文章第一段Theessentialweaknessoftheoldandtraditionaleducationwasnotjustthatitemphasizedthenecessityforprovisionofdefinitesubject-matterandactivities.Thesethingsarenecessitiesforanythingthatcanrightlybecallededucation.Theweaknessandevilwasthattheimaginationofeducatorsdidnotgobeyondprovisionofafixedandrigidenvironmentofsubject-matter,onedrawnmoreoverfromsourcesaltogethertooremotefromtheexperiencesofthepupil.(旧的和传统的教育的本质弱点不仅仅是它强调提供明确的主题和活动的必要性。这些东西对于任何可以被称为教育的东西都是必需的。教育工作者的缺点和不幸是,他们的想象力不能超越为学生提供一个固定的、僵化的学习环境,而且他们的学习来源与学生的经历相距甚远。),B选项“教育工作者缺乏想象力”,符合原文表达的意思。A选项“特定科目和课程供应不足”和C选项“提供固定的教育条件”,和原文表达的意思冲突,D选项“让学生阅读内容过时的课本”在文中并没有提及,综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

2.事实细节题。题干:作者在_________上鼓励改革。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段第四句话Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.(新教育所需要的是更多的关注,而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。),可知A选项“跟随技术进步的老题材”符合题意。B选项“陈旧的教材和教学方法”,C选项“规定的教科书和不变的系统”和D选项“对多用途教科书的普遍认可”在文中均未提及。综上所述,本题的正确答案是A选项。

3.事实细节题。题干:新的教育学家似乎更青睐_________。根据题干可以定位到文章第一段Whatisneededintheneweducationismoreattention,notless,tosubject-matterandtoprogressintechnique.ButwhenIsaymoreIdonotmeanmoreinquantityofthesameoldkind.Imeananimaginativevisionwhichseesthatnoprescribedandready-madeschemecanpossiblydeterminetheexactsubject-matterthatwillbestpromotetheeducativegrowthofeveryindividualyoungperson;(新教育所需要的是更多的关注,而不是更少的关注素材和技术的进步。但是,当我说“更多”的时候,我并不是指同样的数量上的“更多”。我指的是一种富有想象力的愿景,认为没有现成的计划可以确定最能促进每个年轻人教育成长的确切主题;),原文表达的意思是没有固定的教材可以促进每个年轻人的成长,不同的年轻人应该使用不同的教育素材,因此A选项“因材施教”,符合题意。B选项“向青年介绍最新的信息”,C选项“贴近学生的经验进行教学”,D选项“用新材料补充所有教科书”,均不符合原文意思,所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

4.细节推理题。题干:如果_________,将有形成教育空白的风险。根据关键词“educationalblank”可以定位到文章第二段第二句Ifwedonotgofarinthepositivedirectionofprovidingabodyofsubject-mattermuchricher,morevariedandflexible,andalsointruthmoredefinite,judgedintermsoftheexperienceofthosebeingeducated,thantraditionaleducationsupplied,weshalltendtoleaveaneducationalvacuuminwhichanythingmayhappen.(如果我们不能比传统教育提供一个主题更丰富、更多样和灵活的主体的正确方向,不能在事实上比传统教育更加明确,不能判断针对这些教育的经验,针对任何发生的事情,我们都将可能形成教育空白。),D选项“用灵活的课程替代不变的课程失败了”说法与句意一致。A选项“僵化的学校课程被彻底改变了”与句意相反。B选项“旧教育的负面影响只被部分认识到”,在文中没有提及,说法无根据。C选项“传统的题材完全取代了新的题材”与句意相反。综上所述,本题的正确答案是D选项。

5.主旨大意题。题干:只要_________,学生们就可以很好地防范不良的社会影响。根据题干可以定位到文章第二段Theyoungliveinsomeenvironmentwhetherweintenditornot,andthisenvironmentisconstantlyinteractingwithwhatchildrenandyouthbringtoit,andtheresultistheshapingoftheirinterests,mindsandcharacter—eithereducativelyormis-educatively.Iftheprofessededucatorgivesuphisresponsibilityforjudgingandselectingthekindofenvironmentthathisbestunderstandingleadshimtothinkwillbecontributivetogrowth,thentheyoungareleftatthemercyofalltheunorganizedandcasualforcesofthemodernsocialenvironmentthatinevitablyplayuponthemaslongastheylive.(不管我们愿意与否,年轻人都生活在某种环境中,而这种环境不断地与儿童和青少年带给它的东西相互影响,其结果是他们的兴趣、心智和性格的塑造——是受教育的或者是受误导的。如果自诩的教育家放弃判断和选择在他的理解下有利于成长的环境的责任,那么年轻人就会任由现代社会环境中所有无组织的、随意的力量摆布,只要他们活着,这些力量就不可避免地会对他们产生影响。),所以只有教育者判断和选择对年轻人有利的环境,才能避免他们受到不良的影响,B选项“老师有足够的判断力来做出正确的选择”,符合题意。A选项“教育者放弃他们对受教育者的责任”和原文的意思相反,排除。C选项“教师帮助建立有利于学生成长的条件”,教师只能帮助判断和选择环境,而不是主动创造条件,所以C选项不对。D选项“校长在联合企业中扮演平等的合作者的角色”,在文中并没有提及。综上所述,本题的正确答案是B选项。

3.填空题

Directions:ForQuestions1-5,youwillhearatalkaboutBostonMuseumofFineArts.Whileyoulisten,filloutthetablewiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Someoftheinformationhasbeengiventoyouinthetable.Writeonly1wordornumberineachnumberedbox.Youwillheartherecordingtwice.Younowhave25secondstoreadthetablebelow.(5points)

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

1.Opendtothepublic(year)

2.Thewestwingcompleted(year)

3.Themostremarkabledepartment

4.Exhibitionspace(m2)

5.Programsprovidedclasseslectures5films

【答案】1.1876

2.1981

3.textiles

4.19,137

5.Concerts

4.单选题

AlandingonMarsiswithinthe(

)ofcurrentphysicaltheory.

问题1选项

A.dimension

B.volume

C.magnitude

D.scope

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。dimension“维,尺寸”;volume“量,体积;卷”;magnitude“大小,量级”;scope“范围”。句意:登陆火星属于现代物理理论的范围。选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Hisillnessfirst(

)itselfasseverestomachpainsandheadaches.

问题1选项

A.expressed

B.manifested

C.reflected

D.displayed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项express“表达;快递”;B选项manifest“表明;(病症)显现”;C选项reflect“反映;反射”;D选项display“显示;表现”。句意:他的病最初……为严重的胃痛和头痛。与“病症”相关的“表现症状”只有B选项符合。

6.单选题

IntheUSA,85%ofthepopulationovertheageof21approveofthedeathpenalty.Inthemanystateswhichstillhavethedeathpenalty,someusetheelectricchair,whichcantakeup20minutestokill,whileothersusegasorlethalinjection.

ThefirstofthesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhatwasgenerallyregardedasacrimepassion.Thesecondwashangedformurderswhich,itwaslaterprovedhadbeencommittedbysomeoneelse.

Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthereintroductionofcapitalpunishment.Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory,whicharguesthatpotentialmurderswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.Thearmedbankrobbermight,likewise,gobacktobeingunarmed.

Theothertwoargumentsaremoresuspect.Theideaofretributiondemandsthatcriminalsshouldgetwhattheydeserve:ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommitacrime.Heshouldaccepttheconsequences.Retributionwhichisjustanotherwordforrevengeissupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.

Theargumentsagainstthedeathpenaltyarelargelyhumanitarian.Buttherearealsostatisticalreasonsforopposingit:thedeterrencefiguresdonotaddup.InBritain,1903wastherecordyearforexecutionandyetin1904thenumberofmurdersactuallyrose.Therewasasimilaroccurrencein1946and1947.Ifthedeterrencetheorywerecorrect,therateshouldhavefallen.

Theotherreasonstoopposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatterofindividualconscienceandbelief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerighttotakealifethantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvisesforgivenessnotrevenge.

41.Allofthefollowingdeathpenaltymethodsarementionedinthepassageexcept______.

42.Accordingtothefirstfourparagraphs,whichofthefollowingstatementsinnotcorrect?

43.InParagraph3,“deterrence”means______.

44.Wecanlearnfromthelastparagraphthat______.

45.Thepassageismainlyabout______.

问题1选项

A.theelectricchair

B.thelethalinjection

C.thepoisonousgas

D.theshooting

问题2选项

A.RuthElliswasshotbyhislover,whichwasregardedasacrimeofpassion.

B.Thedeathpenaltymayhelpthepotentialmurdererstoarousemoralawareness.

C.Theinternationalmurderershouldeathisownbitterfruit.

D.Accordingtothereligiousdoctrine,punishmentshouldbeassevereastheinjury.

问题3选项

A.proclamation

B.protest

C.prevention

D.protection

问题4选项

A.neitherthestatenortheindividualhastherighttotakealife

B.thestatehastherighttotakealifebuttheindividualdoesnot

C.thedeathpenaltyhasnothingtodowithindividualconscienceandbelief

D.thedeterrencefigureshasaddedupandtheexecutionratehasfallen

问题5选项

A.theargumentinfavorofthedeathpenalty

B.theargumentagainstthedeathpenalty

C.theargumentabouttheabolitionofthedeathpenalty

D.theargumentaboutthereintroductionofthedeathpenalty

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】41.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“文中提到了下列所有死刑方法,但没有提到……”。第一段最后一句说讲到了现在还在用的一些执行死刑的方式,根据someusetheelectricchair,whichcantakeup20minutestokill,whileothersusegasorlethalinjection.(一些州使用电椅处决,这可能需要20分钟,而另一些州则使用毒气或注射死刑)可知,执行死刑的方式是电椅,毒气和毒药注射;因此A项“电椅”、B项“致命性注射”和C项“毒气”均正确;所以选D项“枪击”。因此,该题选D。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。题干意思是“根据前四段,下列哪一项叙述是不正确的?”。A项“RuthEllis被自己的爱人所杀,这被认为是冲动犯罪”,根据第二段的第一句话ThefirstofthesewasthecaseofRuthElliswhowashangedforshootingherloverinwhatwasgenerallyregardedasacrimepassion.(第一个是RuthEllis的案子,她被处以绞刑,因为她枪杀了她的情人,这被认为是一种犯罪冲动),可知第一个被执行死刑的是RuthEIHs,她是因为杀死了自己的爱人而被绞死,而非被自己的爱人所杀;所以A项错误。B项“死刑可以帮助潜在的杀人犯唤起道德意识”,第三段第二句提到Firstthereisthedeterrencetheory,whicharguesthatpotentialmurderswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.(首先是威慑理论,该理论认为,如果潜在的杀人犯知道自己被抓后可能会丧命,那么他们在实施犯罪之前会三思而后行)可知,实施死刑可以震慑杀人犯,让他们在犯罪前三思而后行,这就说明了死刑可以帮助杀人犯唤起道德意识,B项正确。C项“国际杀人犯应该自食其果”,第四段第二句提到ifamurdererintentionallysetouttocommitacrime.Heshouldaccepttheconsequences.(如果一个杀人犯故意犯罪,他应该承担后果),由此可知C项正确;D项“根据宗教教义,惩罚应该和伤害一样严重”,第四段最后一句提到Retributionwhichisjustanotherwordforrevengeissupportedbythereligiousdoctrineofaneyeforaneyeandatoothforatooth.(惩罚,也就是报复的另一种说法,是由以眼还眼,以牙还牙的宗教教义所支持的),由此可知D项正确。故该题选A。

43.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】语义推测题。题干意思是“第三段的deterrence是什么意思?”。根据第三段第二句whicharguesthatpotentialmurderswouldthinktwicebeforecommittingtheactiftheyknewthattheymightdieiftheywerecaught.(该理论认为,如果潜在的杀人犯知道自己被抓后可能会丧命,那么他们在实施犯罪之前会三思而后行)可知,潜在的杀人犯因为知道有死刑的存在就会在犯罪的时候三思,这说明死刑对杀人犯是一种威慑作用;所以deterrencetheory是威慑理论,deterrence表示“威慑,制止”。A项“公告,宣告”,B项“抗议,反对”,C项“预防,阻止”,D项“保护”。故该题选C正确。

44.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。题干意思是“从最后一段,我们可以知道……”。根据最后一段Theotherreasonstoopposethedeathpenaltyarelargelyamatterofindividualconscienceandbelief.Oneisthatmurderismurderandthatthestatehasnomorerighttotakealifethantheindividual.TheotheristhatChristianityadvisesforgivenessnotrevenge.(反对死刑的其他原因主要是个人良心和信仰的问题;一是谋杀就是谋杀,国家和个人一样没有权利剥夺生命;另一种是基督教建议宽恕而不是报复),可知A项“政府和个人都没有权利剥夺别人的生命”正确;B项“国家有权剥夺一个人的生命,但个人却不能”错误,国家也不能剥夺一个人的生命;C项“死刑与个人的良心和信仰无关”,最后一段第一句就说到反对死刑的其他原因主要是个人良心和信仰的问题,因此C项错误;D项“威慑数字增加了,执行率下降了”,第五段最后一句提到Ifthedeterrencetheorywerecorrect,therateshouldhavefallen.(如果威慑理论是正确的,那么犯罪率应该下降了),可知威慑并没有降低犯罪率,所以D项也错误。故该题选A正确。

45.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干意思是“文章主要是关于……”。文章前两段通过死刑的话题引出下文;第三段是关于支持死刑的论据,最后两段是反对死刑的论据。A项“支持死刑的论据”和B项“反对死刑的论据”都只是对死刑的部分观点,比较片面;C项“关于废除死刑的争论”,文中没有提到过关于废除死刑的争论;D项“关于恢复死刑的争论”,文章第三段有提及Thepro-hanginglobbyusesfourmainargumentstosupportitscallforthereintroductionofcapitalpunishment.(支持绞刑的游说团体用四个主要论据来支持其重新引入死刑的呼吁),由此可知全文是围绕reintroductionofdeathpenalty来展开的一个论述,因此D项正确。故该题选D。

7.单选题

Theoctopus(章鱼)’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfishhavereasontobefrightenedofthismulti-armedpredator,butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus.Evenagiantamongoctopusesismuchsmallerthanmostpeopleimagine.Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulf(吞下)asubmarine,asmonsteroctopusesinmovieshavebeenknowntodo,thelargestoctopuses,foundonthePacificcoast,weigharound110poundsandgrowtoadiameterofnomorethantenfeet.

Thehard,parrot-likebeak(嘴)ofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.Itfeedsinsteadbypouringdigestivejuicesintoitsvictims,andthensuckingupthesoupyremains.Aclamorscallop(扇贝)thatfindsitselfinthegraspofanoctopushasonlyashorttimetolive.Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.

1.Thispassageismainlyabout().

2.Itisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassagethat().

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

4.Thehardbeakoftheoctopusisusedfor().

5.Fromthepassage,wecanconcludethat().

问题1选项

A.thehorrorsoftheoctopus

B.thelargestoctopusintheworld

C.octopusandtheirbehavior

D.theoctopus’sdeadlyhuntingmethod

问题2选项

A.peoplehavegroundlessfearsabouttheoctopus

B.theoctopusisnotinterestedinhumanbeingsbecausetheyaretoolargeforit

C.theoctopusisafraidofhumanbeings

D.theoctopusisaveryviciousseaanimal

问题3选项

A.Theoctopususuallyusesitseighttentaclestotearitspreyintopiecesbeforeeatingitup.

B.Theoctopusalwayscatchessickandcarelessfish.

C.Theoctopusneverattackspeople.

D.Theoctopuscanengulfsubmarines.

问题4选项

A.attackingdeep-seadivers

B.cuttinguplargepiecesofmeat

C.cuttingopenitsprey

D.defendingitself

问题5选项

A.theoctopusisnotdangeroustoman,asmanypeoplebelieveittobe

B.peopleoftenfearcreaturesthatarenotdangeroustothem

C.theoctopusonlyhuntsitsnaturalprey

D.thingsdescribedinmoviesarenottobebelieved

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。C选项是贯穿全文的,文章介绍了章鱼和它们的习性,也解释了人们对章鱼作为人类杀手的误解。消除人们对章鱼的害怕。从全篇文章的第一段的句子Theoctopuscanindeedbeadeadlyhunter,butonlyofitsnaturalprey.(章鱼确实是致命的猎手,但只是针对它的自然猎物。)可知文章介绍了章鱼和它们的习性,因此C选项“章鱼和它们的行为”符合题意。A选项在第一段第一句Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration—itisatotalmyth.(章鱼作为人类杀手的名声并不仅仅是夸大其词——这完全是一个神话。)根据这个我们可以知道,章鱼并不可怕,因此A选项错误;B选项在第一段的第三句butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,连最大的章鱼都不会感兴趣。)这里只是为了证明章鱼并不会袭击人类,而不是本文的主旨,因此排除;D选项在第一段有提到,但是这也只是一部分内容,并不是全文主旨。

2.事实细节题。从最后一段的句子Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(尽管如此,人们还是很少愿意冒险接近这些胆小的生物,好好看一看它们。)可以推断出人们对于章鱼有着莫名的恐惧,因此A选项“人们对章鱼的恐惧是没有根据的”符合题意。B选项在第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,连最大的章鱼都不会感兴趣),这是文章直接说的,并不是隐晦表达出的,因此B选项错误;C选项是全文都没提及的,排除;D选项原文并没有相关表述,只是在第二段讲了章鱼的捕食方式,而它们是否恶毒我们不得而知。

3.推理判断题。定位到第一段butapersonismuchtoolargetointeresteventhebiggestoctopus(但人太大了,连最大的章鱼都不会感兴趣。)通过这一句话我们知道,章鱼并不会袭击人类,因为人类对于它们来说太大了,因此C选项“章鱼从不攻击人”正确。A选项关于章鱼的捕猎方式在第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters.Indeed,theoctopuspossessessuchatinythroatthatitcannotswallowlargepiecesofmeat.(章鱼坚硬的鹦鹉喙不是用来攻击深海潜水员的,而是用来割开螃蟹和龙虾的。事实上,章鱼的喉咙非常小,它不能吞下大块的肉。)可以看出章鱼并没有把猎物撕扯开,因此A错误;B选项在第一段Clams,mussels,crabs,lobstersandanoccasionalsickorunwaryfish(蛤蜊、贻贝、螃蟹、龙虾,还有偶尔生病或不小心的鱼),它们只是偶尔捕食生病或不小心的鱼类,而不是经常,因此B错误;D选项在第一段Farfrombeinglargeenoughtoengulfasubmarine(远远没有大到足以吞没一艘潜艇。)因此章鱼并不能吞下一艘潜艇,D选项错误。

4.事实细节题。根据关键词定位到第二段Thehard,parrot-likebeakofanoctopusisnotusedforattackingdeep-seadivers,butforcuttingopencrabsandlobsters(章鱼坚硬的鹦鹉喙不是用来攻击深海潜水员的,而是用来割开螃蟹和龙虾的),而螃蟹和龙虾就是它的食物,因此C选项“剖开猎物”正确,而A选项错误;B和D均未提及,排除。

5.推理判断题。定位到最后一段最后一句话Buthumanbeingsareperfectlysafe.Still,peoplerarelycaretogocloseenoughtothesecarefulcreaturestogetagoodlookatthem.(但人类是绝对安全的。尽管如此,人们还是很少愿意冒险接近这些胆小的生物,好好看一看它们。)可知对人来说,章鱼是没有威胁的;第一段说Theoctopus’sreputationasahuman-killerisn’tsimplyanexaggeration(章鱼作为人类杀手的名声并不仅仅是夸大其词),也就是人们认为它们很危险,但是实际上不是,因此A选项“章鱼对人类并不像许多人认为的那样危险”正确。B、C和D原文都没有进行描述,因此排除。

8.不定项选择题

ThisdictionaryisforpeoplewhowanttousemodernEnglish.ItoffersaccurateanddetailedinformationonthewaymodernEnglishisusedinallkindsofcommunication.ItisausefulguidetowritingandspeakingEnglishaswellasanaidtoreadingandunderstanding.

Thisdictionarylooksratherlikemostothersifyoudon’tlooktooclosely.Actuallyitisquitenewanddifferent.Thetechniquesusedtocompileitarenewandadvancedcomputertechnology.Fortheuser,thekindofinformationisdifferent,thequalityofinformationisdifferent,andthepresentationoftheinformationisdifferent.

Forthefirsttime,adictionaryhasbeencompiledbythethoroughexaminationofarepresentativegroupofEnglishtexts,spokenandwritten,runningtomanymillionsofwords.Thismeansthatinadditiontoallthetoolsoftheconventionaldictionarymakers—widereadingandexperienceofEnglish,otherdictionariesandofcourseeyesandears—thisdictionaryisbasedonhard,measurableevidence.Nomajorusesaremissed,andthenumberoftimesauseoccurshasastronginfluenceonthewaytheentriesareorganized.Equally,thelargegroupoftexts,calledthecorpus,givesusreasonablegroundsforomittingmanyusesandword-formsthatdonotoccurinit.Itisdifficultforaconventionaldictionary,intheabsenceofevidence,todecidewhattoleaveout,andalotofquitemisleadinginformationisthuspreservedinthetraditionoflexicography.

Thisdictionarymakesabreakwithsuchtraditions.Wehavegonebacktobasicsandcollectedmanymillionsofwords,andputthemintoaverylargecomputer,thedictionaryteamhashaddailyaccesstoabout20millionwords,withmanymoreinspecializedstores.Thewordscamefrombooks,magazines,newspapers,pamphlets,leaflets,conversation,radioandtelevisionbroadcasts.Thesourcesaregratefullyacknowledgedonpagexxii.TheaimwastoprovideafairrepresentationofcontemporaryEnglish.

Nosetoftexts,howeverlarge,canbefullyreliedon;allthetimetheinformationfromthetextshasbeenanalyzedandappraisedbyateamoflexicographers,whoseprofessionalknowledgehasalsobeenusedwhereverthereisonlyasmallamountofevidenceoftheusageofawordorphrase.

Thequalityofinformationinthisdictionaryisdifferentfromothers.Withourtextualevidenceitispossibletobepreciseabouttheshapeofphrasesandtheextentoftheirvariation;therelativeimportanceofdifferentsensesofaword;andthetypicalenvironmentinwhichawordorphraseisused.Evenwhenstatementslikethisarealreadyfamiliar,theyaremadewithadifferentkindofauthorityinthisbook.

1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.

2.Thisdictionarydiffersfromatraditionaloneinthatthecompilers______.

3.ThisdictionarydoesNOTclaimtoinclude______.

4.Inthepassage,theauthormainlyemphasizesthedifferenceindata______.

5.Thewholepassageis______thedictionary.

问题1选项

A.theuseofadvancedtechnology

B.thequalityofinformation

C.thequalityofprinting

D.theuseofmeasurableevidence

问题2选项

A.collectrelevantdata

B.countwordfrequencies

C.readaswidelyaspossible

D.refertoexistingdictionaries

问题3选项

A.alltheexistingwords

B.frequentlyusedwords

C.modernusageofwords

D.awidecoverageofwords

问题4选项

A.collecting

B.presenting

C.preserving

D.processing

问题5选项

A.auser’sguideto

B.anintroductionto

C.aresearchessayon

D.anadvertisementfor

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Accordingtothepassage,thisdictionarydiffersfrommostothers,exceptin______.1.根据这篇文章,除了在______之外,这本词典不同于其他大多数词典。

A.theuseofadvancedtechnologyA.在使用先进技术方面

B.thequalityofinformationB.信息的质量

C.thequalityofprintingC.印刷质量

D.theuseofmeasurableevidenceD.使用可衡量的证据

【考查点】细节事实题。

【解题思路】根据第二段最后两句“编写这本词典所使用的是新的和先进的计算机技术。对于使用者来说,信息的种类不同,信息的质量不同,信息的呈现方式也不同。”可知,这本词典在信息种类、质量、呈现方式以及编纂时使用的先进技术方面与其他词典不同;然后根据第三段第二句“这意味着,除了传统词典编纂者使用的所有工具外(包括广泛的英语阅读和经验,其他词典,当然还

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