考研考博-英语-昆山杜克大学押题密卷附带答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-昆山杜克大学押题密卷附带答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第壹套一.全考点押题密卷-综合训练(共50题)1.单选题

Theworkthatwomendohasalwaysbeenfundamentaltotheglobaleconomy.Buttheircontributionhasn’tregisteredwithtraditionaleconomicinstitutionsbecausesomuchofithasbeennonmonetary.Infact,onecommoneconomictermfornonmonetaryworkisinactivity.It’sthatattitudethathasmadewomen’sworkinvisible.Nowonderthebattlecryofthewomen’smovementwasequality.

Bymovingintotheworldofpaidwork,inrichcountriesatleast,womenhaveindeeduppedtheirvisibility.ButIdoubtthatyoucould,makeaveryconclusivecasethattheyhavebecomeequaltomen.TheUnitedNationsestimatedin1993thateconomicequalitybetweenthesexeswouldtake,atthepacethenprevailing,1,000yearstoachieve.Themedialovefemalehighfliers,thehandfulofcompanydirectorsandCEOswhoaretrottedouttimeandagainasevidenceofthegainswomenhavemade.Buttheyarenottrulyrepresentativeoftheaverageworkingwoman,saddledwithadoubleburdenasshetriestobalanceherjobwithlifeasamotherandhomemaker.

Thisbalancingactisaformulaforunfulfillment.Itwouldhavebeenfarmoreequitableforwomeninthelongrunifitwasthenonmonetaryworkthathadbeensharedout—if,forexample,menspentmorethanafractionofthetimewiththeirchildrenthattheirwivesdo.AndIbelievethat,inpractice,mostwomenwouldprefersimplefairnesstoeconomicequality.AsmyfriendHazelHendersonsays,ourkidsdidn’twanttoseeusturnintothebestbloodymen.

Still,it’sverymuchatrendtofocusontheglobaleconomicimpactofwomen,particularlyasit’sfeltinthesmall-scaleinitiativesthatwomenhaveestablishedaroundtheworld.Dealingdirectlywitheconomicallymarginalizedcommunitiesandcooperativesaroundtheglobe,I’veseenhowwomenholdasocietytogether.Economicopportunitymeansmuchmoretothemthanmoney.Italsofostersthefundamentalsofself-esteem:education,healthcare,culturalcontinuityandthechancetoprotectthepastwhileshapingafuture.

Asenseofcommunityisoneoftheso-called“feminine”valuesthatethicalbusinessthinkersputforwardintheirquestfornewparadigms.Thesevaluesreflectintimatepersonalandculturalattributesthatareinmanywaysthereverseoftheglobal-marketsyndrome,whichisallaboutdistance,impersonalityandthemovementofcapitalregardlessofhumanconsequence.Youdon’thavetowonderwhatwouldhappenifwecouldfeminizeeconomicactivityandeconomicrelations.Thereisalreadyplentyofevidenceintheworkofsomepioneeringfemalethinkerswhoseconcernaboutthesocietytheirchildrenwillinheritpromisestofundamentallychangeglobaleconomics.

Infact,mostofthefinancialsector’sinnovativethinkingonsociallyresponsiveinvestinghascomefromwomen.WhyamInotsurprised?Globalizationisamug’sgamebeingplayedinaMan’sworld.Icanimagineadaywhencompassioncountsasmuchascashflow.Afterall,thechallengesthatconfrontthebusinessworldalreadydemandaholisticperspective.Andwhoisgoingtobebestequippedtofacethatfuture?

1.Accordingtothewriter,mostwomen（）.

2.Theexpression"saddledwith"inLine10ofParagraph2means（）.

3.Thefifthparagraphsuggeststhatineconomicactivityandeconomicrelations,women（）.

4.Bysaying"Globalizationisamug'sgamebeingplayedinaman'sworld",thewritermeans（）.

5.Thewriterimpliesinthelastparagraphthatthepersonswhoaregoingtobebestequippedinworldeconomyare（）.

问题1选项

A.wanttodemonstratehowresponsibletheyareindoingbusiness

B.areignorantoftheglobaleconomy

C.justseeksimplefairnessratherthanequality

D.arefedupwiththeirhusbands'spendinglesstimetheirchildren

问题2选项

A.letdown

B.putupwith

C.playedup

D.burdenedwith

问题3选项

A.aremuchmorecompassionatethanmen

B.arelessqualifiedthanmen

C.canmakealotofintimatefriends

D.attachmuchimportancetoeconomicconsequences

问题4选项

A.itismenwhocanreallyhavetheeconomicglobalizationmaterialized

B.menareunlikelytosucceedineconomicglobalization

C.mendonottakeeconomicglobalizationseriously

D.itisapieceofcakeformentoglobalizetheworldeconomy

问题5选项

A.universitystudents

B.futurists

C.men

D.women

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.根据第三段的倒数第二句“AndIbelievethat,inpractice,mostwomenwouldprefersimplefairnesstoeconomicequality.”我认为，实际上大多数女性更喜欢简单的公平，而不是经济上的平等。选项C符合原文。

2.根据第二段的最后一句“Buttheyarenottrulyrepresentativeoftheaverageworkingwoman,saddledwithadoubleburdenasshetriestobalanceherjobwithlifeasamotherandhomemaker.”但她们并不能真正代表普通职业女性，在努力平衡工作与母亲和家庭生活的过程中，她们背负着双重负担。选项D符合原文。

3.第五段的内容主要是讲共同体意识也是商业伦理思想者提倡的所谓的“女性”价值之一。它与只着眼于金钱，而不考虑人格和文化特征的全球经济模式不同。根据第六段提到的，由于未来的商业社会要求采取整体性思维和更具同情心，而女性在这样的环境中更有发展，所以选项A符合原文。

4.“mug'sgame”指费力不讨好的事。这里指商业世界面临的挑战已经需要一个全面的视角。说明男性在经济全球化中不太可能成功。选项B符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的第一句“mostofthefinancialsector'sinnovativethinkingonsociallyresponsiveinvestinghascomefromwomen.”财政部门大多数对社会负责的投资具有创新思维的建议来自女性。说明作者认为女性在未来社会中的地位将会更加举足轻重。选项D正确。

2.单选题

TheUnitedNationsConferenceonDrugAbuse,whichtookplaceearlierthisyearinVienna,wasavery（

）meeting.

问题1选项

A.productive

B.overwhelming

C.compulsory

D.protective

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。productive“多产的，富有成效的”；overwhelming“压倒性的”；compulsory“强制的”；protective“保护的”。句意：今年早些时候联合国在维也纳召开的滥用药品大会取得了相当大的成果。选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

______thedoorthansomebodystartedknockingonit.

问题1选项

A.Ihadclosednosooner

B.Ihadnosoonerclosed

C.NosoonerhaveIclosed

D.NosoonerIclosed

【答案】B

【解析】考查时间状语从句。句意：我刚关上门，就有人开始敲门。nosooner…than是固定搭配，意为“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，than后面的从句用一般过去时，基本用法为：主语+hadnosoonerdonesth.than+主语+did。因此B选项正确。

4.单选题

AfterLosAngeles,AtlantamaybeAmerica’smostcar-dependentcity.Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.Thecity’sroadsaresowellwornthatthefirstactofthenewmayor,ShirleyFranklin,wastostartrepairingpotholes.In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.TheAmericanHighwayUsersAlliancerankedthreeAtlantainterchangesamongthe18worstbottlenecksinthecountry.

Othercitiesinthesamefixhavereorganizedtheirhighways,imposedcommuterandcartaxes,orexpandedtheirpublic-transportsystems.Atlantadoesnotlikeanyofthesethings.Publictransportisavexedsubject,too.Atlanta’smetropolitanregionisdividedintonumerouscountyandsmallercitygovernments,whichfindithardtoworktogether.Railwaysnowservethecitycenterandtheairport,butnotmuchelse;busstopsareoftennearinvisiblepoles,offeringnoindicationofwhichbusmightstopthere,orwhen.

Georgia’sDemocraticgovernor,RoyBarnes,whohopesforre-electioninNovember,hasotherplans.TowinbackthefederalhighwaymoneylostundertheCleanAirAct,hecreatedtheGeorgiaRegionalTransportationAuthority(GRTA),a15-memberboardwiththepowertomakethecountygovernments,thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans,whethertheylikeitornot.

NowGRTAhasissueditsownpreliminaryplan,allocating$4.5billionoverthenextthreeyearsforavarietyofschemes.Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads;tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead;andtocreateacommuterraillinkbetweenAtlantaandMacon,twohourstothesouth.Countieswillbeencouraged,withgenerousten-to-onematchingfunds,tostartexpressbusservices.

Publicgoodwill,however,maynotstretchasfarasthenextplan,whichistobuildtheNorthernArchighwayfor65milesacrossthreecountiesnorthofthecitylimits.GRTAhasallotted$270millionforthis.Supporterssayitwouldeasethecongestiononlocalroads;opponentsthinkitwouldworsenover-developmentandtraffic.Thecountiesaffected,andevenGRTA’sownboard,aredivided.

Thegovernorisinfavor,however,andsincehecanappointandfireGRTA’Smembers,thatisprobablytheendofthestory.Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants,regardless.Hisarroganceontrafficmatterscouldalsolosehimvotes.ButMr.BarnesthinkthatAtlanta’sslowingeconomycoulddohimmoreharmthantheanti-sprawlmovement.

1.Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.

2.Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?

4.ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.

5.Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.

问题1选项

A.tobeironic

B.topokefuntothem

C.tobefair

D.tomakeitnotorious

问题2选项

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.

问题3选项

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.

问题4选项

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboard

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimage

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingup

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassets

问题5选项

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulations

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarrogance

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxes

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystems

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Theauthor’spresentationofAtlantans’car-dependenceismeant____.作者对亚特兰大人对汽车的依赖性的描述本意是____。

A.tobeironicA.讽刺的

B.topokefuntothemB.为了取笑他们

C.tobefairC.公平的

D.tomakeitnotoriousD.为了让它臭名昭著

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第一段第二句“出于感情亚特兰大人给他们的汽车起名字；通过比较超速罚单，他们小心地守住任何可以停车的小巷。（Atlantanssentimentallygivetheircarsnames;comparespeedingticketsandjealouslyguardanyside-streetwhereitispossibletopark.）”根据作者用sentimentally（多情地）和jealously（妒忌地；猜疑地）两词可以看出作者对亚特兰大人对汽车依赖的描述是讽刺的。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B、C、D选项曲解作者意思，属于曲解原文。

2.【选项释义】

Whichofthefollowingisnotpartofthe“anti-sprawlmovement”asplannedbyGovernorRoyBarnes?以下哪项不是罗伊•巴恩斯州长所计划的“反蔓延运动”的一部分？

A.Theconstructionofacommuterraillink.A.通勤铁路的建造。

B.Hissuccessinre-electioninNovember.B.他在11月成功连任。

C.Theinitiationofshuttlebustransit.C.启动穿梭巴士过境。

D.Theallocationofmoneytowidenroads.D.用于拓宽道路的拨款。

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到倒数第三段“这项计划专门拨款拓宽道路（Theplanearmarksmoneytowidenroads）；有电动穿梭巴士接送游客穿梭于巴克头优雅的别墅之间（tohaveanelectricshuttlebusshuttletouristsamongtheelegantvillasofBuckhead）；以及建立一条亚特兰大和梅肯之间的通勤铁路（createacommuterraillink）”。由此可知A、C、D选项均有提及，B选项没有提及，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项均是计划的一部分，属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthetext?文中没有提到下列哪项？

A.ThefederalhighwayfundswerelostundertheCleanAirAct.A.联邦公路基金因《清洁空气法》而损失。

B.Thecountygovernmentsshouldbecooperativeontrafficmatters.B.县政府应该在交通问题上合作。

C.Atlantansmustabandonbusesandtrainsandbuildmorehighways.C.亚特兰大人必须放弃公共汽车和火车，建造更多的高速公路。

D.Atlantaleavesabadimpressiononvisitorsintermsofitstraffics.D.亚特兰大的交通给游客留下了不好的印象。

【答案】C

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】文中第一段“1998年，13个大都会县失去了联邦公路基金，因为它们的空气污染水平违反了《清洁空气法》。（In1998,13metrocountieslostfederalhighwayfundsbecausetheirair-pollutionlevelsviolatedtheCleanAirAct.）”因此选项A提到了；文中第三段“为了赢回因《清洁空气法》而损失的联邦公路资金，他成立了佐治亚州区域运输局（GRTA），一个由15名成员组成的委员会，有权让县政府、市政府和10个县的亚特兰大区域委员会在运输计划上进行合作（thecityandtheten-countyAtlantaRegionalCommissioncooperateontransportplans），不管他们喜欢与否。”由此可知县政府在交通上合作，因此B选项提到了；文中第二段最后“铁路现在服务于市中心和机场，但其他服务不多；公共汽车站通常靠近看不见的电线杆，没有显示哪辆公共汽车可能在那里停，或者什么时候停。”可知亚特兰大这些服务于公众的交通并不完善，由此推断会给游客留下不好印象。因此D选项可以推出。C选项文中没有提及。因此选C。

【干扰项排除】

A、B、D选项都提到了，C选项没有提及。A、B、D选项属于反向干扰。

4.【选项释义】

ItcanbelearntfromthetextthatGeorgia’sGovernorRoyBarnes____.从文中可以得知，乔治亚州州长罗伊•巴恩斯____。

A.isintyrannouscontroloftheGRTAboardA.对GRTA董事会有着专横的控制

B.cutsanimpressivenonconformistimageB.给人留下了不墨守成规的印象

C.isboundtowinthere-electioncomingupC.一定会赢得即将到来的连任

D.channelspartoffundstohispersonalassetsD.将部分资金用于个人资产

【答案】A

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到最后一段“由于他可以任命和解雇GRTA的成员，这可能就是故事的结局。巴恩斯先生总是想怎么做就怎么做（Mr.Barneshasatendencytodoashewants）。他在交通问题上的傲慢也可能使他失去选票。”由此可知，巴恩斯先生可以随意任命解雇成员，并且想怎么做就怎么做，由此可推断他对GRTA有专横的控制。因此选A。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“给人留下了不墨守成规的印象”，文中没有体现，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“一定会赢得即将到来的连任”，文中提到“他在交通问题上的傲慢也可能使他失去选票。”因此他不一定能连任，该选项与原文意思相反，属于反向干扰；

D选项“将部分资金用于个人资产”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有。

5.【选项释义】

Ineyesofthewriter,thebestsolutiontothetrafficprobleminAtlantaseemstoliein____.在作者看来，解决亚特兰大交通问题的最好办法似乎在于____。

A.theenforcementoftrafficregulationsA.执行交通规则

B.thechallengetoGovernorBarnes’sarroganceB.挑战巴恩斯州长的傲慢

C.theincreaseofcommuterandcartaxesC.提高通勤税和汽车税

D.theimprovementofitspublic-transportsystemsD.改善其公共交通系统

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第二段“其他处于同样困境的城市已经重组了高速公路，征收通勤税和汽车税，或者扩大了公共交通系统（expandedtheirpublic-transportsystems）。亚特兰大不喜欢这些东西。公共交通也是一个令人烦恼的话题。亚特兰大大都会区分为许多县政府和较小的市政府，发现这样很难合作。铁路现在服务于市中心和机场，但其他服务不多；公共汽车站通常靠近看不见的电线杆，没有显示哪辆公共汽车可能在那里停，或者什么时候停。”然后文中讲亚特兰大各县进行交通方面的合作，GRTA拨款修建道路，建立铁路通勤线。启动快速公交服务等等，这些都是在改善亚特兰大的公共交通。因此选D。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“执行交通规则”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

B选项“挑战巴恩斯州长的傲慢”，文中没有提及，该选项属于无中生有；

C选项“提高通勤税和汽车税”，文中提到“其他处于同样困境的城市已经重组了高速公路，征收通勤税和汽车税，或者扩大了公共交通系统”但是根据后文可知，亚特兰大选择改善公共交通而不是提高通勤税和汽车税，该选项属于反向干扰。

5.翻译题

由于对急剧上涨的油价和气候变化的日益担心，生物燃料变成了绿色技术革命的先锋，除了作为替代能源外，还希望它在此过程中减缓全球变暖趋势。但是，近期的几项研究表明，生物燃料不但没有实现其提倡者的良好愿望，相反却加剧了全球变暖，并还以拯救地球的名义危害着地球。的确，生物燃料在某种程度上减轻了人们对进口石油的依赖，使某些农民综合企业致富的同时，也给农民创造了就业机会。但是大多数生物燃料遇到的一个基本问题实际上很简单：将土地用于生产生物燃料所需的作物，导致储存了大量碳的森林、湿地和草地被毁，这是研究人员一直没注意到的问题.

【答案】Duetogrowingconcernsaboutclimatechangesandthesharpriseinoilprices,peoplehaveturnedbio-fuelsintothepioneerofgreentechnologyrevolution,whichisexpectedtoslowglobalwarmingintheprocessinadditiontobeinganalternativeenergysource.Butseveralrecentstudiessuggestedthatbio-fuelshaveworsenedglobalwarminginsteadoffulfillingthegoodwishesofitsadvocates,andarecontributingtoglobalwarmingandharmingtheplanetinthenameofsavingit.Indeed,bio-fuelshavereducedpeople'sdependenceonimportedoiltoacertainextentandcreatedemploymentopportunitiesforfarmerswhilemakingsomeruralcomprehensiveenterprisesrich.Butonefundamentalproblemthatmostbio-fuelsiscurrentlyencounteringisactuallyverysimple:theusageoflandforproducingcropsrequiredbybio-fuelshasleadedtodestructionsoflargeareasofforests,wetlandsandgrasslandswhichareusedtostorealotofcarbons.Andourresearchershavepaidnoattentiontothisproblem.

6.单选题

Tomdoesn’tthinkthatthe______situationhereisasgoodashishometown’s.

问题1选项

A.economics

B.economic

C.economy

D.economical

【答案】B

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项economics“n.经济学；国家的经济状况”；B选项economic“adj.经济的，经济上的；经济学的”；C选项economy“n.经济；节约；理财”；D选项economical“经济的；节约的；合算的”。economic用以指与贸易、工业或财富等有关的“经济上的”或“有关经济学方面”的意义，一般用作定语；economical则指与“节约”同义的“经济”，相当于notwasteful，既可指人也可指物，既可作表语也可作定语。句意：汤姆认为这里的经济状况不如家乡。因此B选项正确。

7.单选题

Insomewaystheyareamarketers’dream.Theyhavebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit.Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall，theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure.Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek.And，asaresultoftoday’ssmallerfamilies,andtheincreaseinthenumberoftwo-incomehouseholds,theyhavemoretosayaboutfamilydecisionsthaneverbefore.

“They”arechildren,ofcourse,agroupwhosespendinghabitsareattractingtheattentionofmoreandmoremarketers.Onerecentstudyestimatesthat:thethirtymillionU.S.children4to12yearsoldreceiveabout$4.7billionannuallyfromallowances,giftsandoddjobs.Ofthatamount,theyspendatotalof$4.2billioneachyearonsnacks($1.4billion),toysandgames($1.1billion),moviesandsports($771million),videogames($766million),andgifts($164million),engaginginsome280independentpurchasestransactionsannually.Childrenthirteentonineteenaccountforevengreateryearlyexpenditures:$30.5billionoftheirownmoney.

Butchildren’sfinancialmuscledoesnotendthere.Researchersestimatethatchildrendirectlyinfluencemore-than$40billioninadultpurchaseseachyear.ANickeldeonUSAToday/YankelovichYouthMonitorstudyfoundthatchildrenareextremelyawareofbrandandhaveconsiderableinputintotheirparents，selectionofapparel,cereal,snacks,cars,televisionsandpersonalcomputers.Manychildrenareinvolvedinactualhouseholdpurchasing,especiallyfood；inarecentTeenageResearchstudy,halftheteengirlssurveyedreportedshoppingforgroceriesatleastonceaweek.Recognizingthisindirectpurchasingpowerthatchildrenhave，agrowingnumberofmarketersareapproachingtheyouthdirectly.TheNationalDairyBoard,forexample,nowairsmilkcommercialswithyouthappeal,andProcter&GamblehasdevelopedCrestforKidstoothpaste.

Howdidchildrenacquiresuchbuyingclout?Researcherspointtoseveralfactors.Asthenumberofworkingcouplesandsingle-parenthouseholdsincreased,manyparentsshiftedcertainhouseholdresponsibilitiesontochildren’sshoulders.Thrustintoadultroles,childrenhaveendedupwithmoreinfluenceoverthefamily’spurchases,andtheyalsotendtospendincreasedamountsofmoneythemselves.Inaddition,manyolder,professionalcoupleshavefewerchildren.Theseparentscanaffordtolavishmoreontheirchildren,includingextraspendingmoneyforsuchitemsasFisher-PriceToys’$225children’scamcorderandtheMyFirstSonylineofelectronicsgearforchildren.Thebandwagoneffectisyetanotherfactor.Whenonemarketerbeginstofocusonchildren,competitorsfollowsuit,encouragingevenmorechildren’spurchases.McDonald’sCorp.,forexample,hasaimedadvertisementsforitshamburgers,mealkits,andpartiesatchildrenforyears；nowHardee’sFoodSystems,Inc,andWendy’sInternationalInc,aredoingthesame.

Astutemarketersrealizethatchildrenactuallyrepresentthreemarkets:currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers.Becausechildrenaresteadilydevelopingbrandawareness,andproductpreferencesthatsomedaywilltranslateintopurchasingdecisions,evencompaniesnotsellingyouthproductspersearebeginningtopayattentiontoselldirectlytochildren,realizingthat,outtheresomewhere,tomorrow’sbig-ticketcustomerisplayingvideogamestoday.

1.Thetopicofthisselectionis（）.

2.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthisselection?

3.Fromthestatementthatchildren“havebillionsofdollarsindiscretionaryincome—andspendmostofit”，wecaninferthatchildren（）.

4.Abouttheirbuyingbehaviors,wecaninferthatchildrenare（）.

5.Wecaninferthatmarketersbelievechildrenwhodevelop“brandawareness”whentheyareyoungwill（）.

问题1选项

A.marketingproducts

B.children’sspendingpatterns

C.doingsurveysofchildren

D.thebandwagoneffect

问题2选项

A.Childrenhavemoretosayaboutfamilypurchasedecisionsthaneverbefore.

B.Childrenareimportantmembersofsociety.

C.Childrenhaveagooddealofpowerasbuyersandconsumers.

D.Marketersareovercomingtheirlackofinterestinsellingtochildren.

问题3选项

A.havenosenseofvalueregardingmoney

B.shouldnotbegivensomuchmoneybytheirparents

C.misusethefinancialpowerplacedintheirhands

D.donotsavemuchoftheirownmoney

问题4选项

A.notinfluencedmuchbyadvertising

B.verymuchinfluencedbytheirfriends

C.notinfluencedbymilkcommercialswithyouthappeal

D.carefulaboutspendingonhamburgersandotherfastfoods

问题5选项

A.rejectthosebrandswhenbecomeadults

B.purchasevideogamesfortheirchildren

C.remainloyaltothosebrandsintoadulthood

D.spendtheirmoneywiselyandthoughtfullyasadults

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】第1题:文章第一二段提到儿童群体虽然不大，但是他们有一定的购买能力；之后引用了一些儿童带来的花费的数据来进一步说明儿童是个很大的消费群体。最后提到儿童代表着三个市场。从这些可知全文都是在讲儿童的消费问题。所以选项B符合题意。

第2题:文章主要探讨儿童消费问题。出于很多原因，儿童已经是一个具有很强购买力的消费者。选项C符合题意。

第3题:文章第一段提到孩子们有很多零花钱自己处理，但是他们容易受到电视广告的影响（Theyareheavilyinfluencedbythehoursoftelevisionadvertisingtheyseeeachweek），说明他们的钱被乱用了，选项C符合题意。

第4题:文章第一段提到虽然儿童的购买力不强，但是他们会受同伴的影响（Althoughtheirindividualpurchasesaresmall，theybuyregularly,oftenresponsetopeerpressure）。选项B符合题意。

第5题:文章最后一段提到商家们认为儿童代表三个市场：currentconsumers,influentialconsumers,andfuturebuyers。孩子们的品牌意识和产品偏好正稳定发展，总有一天会形成购买力。选项C符合题意。

8.单选题

Theabilitytofocusattentiononimportantthingsisa（）characteristicofintelligence.

问题1选项

A.declining

B.defining

C.deceiving

D.defending

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项declining“下滑的；衰退的；倾斜的”；B选项defining“最典型的；起决定性作用的”；C选项deceiving“欺骗性的”；D选项defending“防守型的”。句意：把注意力集中在重要事情上的能力是智慧的一个（）特征。根据语境，defining“最典型的”和intelligence“智慧”搭配比较合理。因此B选项正确。

9.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpartintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.

Fortoolong,asmallgroupinourCapitalhasreapedtherewardsofgovernmentwhilethepeoplehavebornethecost.Washingtonflourished,butthepeopledidnotshareinitswealth.Politiciansprospered,butthejobsleft,andthefactoriesclosed.Theirvictorieshavenotbeenyourvictories;theirtriumphshavenotbeenyourtriumphs;andwhiletheycelebratedinourCapital,therewaslittletocelebrateforstrugglingfamiliesallacrossourland.

【答案】长期以来，我们首都的一小部分人攫取了政府的利益，而代价却由人民来承担。华盛顿欣欣向荣，人民却没有分享到财富。政客们兴旺发达，工作机会却越来越少，工厂纷纷倒闭。他们的胜利不是你们的胜利；他们的成功不是你们的成功；当他们在我们的首都欢呼庆祝时，这片土地上无数挣扎的家庭却没有什么值得庆祝的。

10.单选题

Nancycomplainedaboutthe（

）airconditionersheboughtfromthedepartmentstore.

问题1选项

A.inefficient

B.deficient

C.ineffective

D.defective

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。inefficient意为“无效率的，无能的”；deficient意为“不足的，缺乏的”；ineffective意为“无效果的”；defective意为“有缺陷的”。

句意：南希抱怨她从百货公司买这台有缺陷的空调。

11.单选题

Seariseasaconsequenceofglobalwarmingwouldimmediatelythreatenthatlargefractionoftheglobelivingatthesealevel.Nearlyone-thirdofallhumanbeingslivewithin36milesofacoastline.Mostoftheworld’sgreatseaportcitieswouldbe（1）:NewOrleans,Amsterdam,Shanghai,andCairo.Somecountries—MaldivesIslandsintheIndianOcean,islandsinthePacific—wouldbeinundated.HeavilypopulatedcoastalareassuchasinBangladeshandEgypt,（2）largepopulationsoccupylow-lyingareas,wouldsufferextreme（3）.

Warmeroceanswouldspawnstrongerhurricanesandtyphoons,（4）incoastalflooding,possiblyswampingvaluableagriculturallandsaroundtheworld.（5）waterqualitymayresultas（6）floodingwhichforcessaltwaterintocoastalirrigationanddrinkingwatersupplies,andirreplaceable,natural（7）couldbefloodedwithoceanwater,destroyingforevermanyofthe（8）plantandanimalspecieslivingthere.

Foodsuppliesandforestswouldbe（9）affected.Changesinrainfallpatternswoulddisruptagriculture.Warmertemperatureswould（10）grain-growingregionspole-wards.Thewarmingwouldalsoincreaseandchangethepestplants,suchasweedsandtheinsects（11）thecrops.

Humanhealthwouldalsobeaffected.Warmingcould（12）tropicalclimatebringingwithityellowfever,malaria,andotherdiseases.Heatstressandheatmortalitycouldrise.Theharmful（13）oflocalizedurbanairpollutionwouldverylikelybemoreseriousinwarmer（14）.Therewillbesome（15）fromwarming.Newsea-laneswillopenintheArctic,longergrowingseasonsfurthernorthwill（16）newagriculturallands,andwarmertemperaturewillmakesome