考研考博-英语-广州大学松田学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广州大学松田学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Peoplewholiveinsmalltownsoftenseemmorefriendlythanthosewholivingin（）populatedareas.

问题1选项

A.abundantly

B.intensely

C.densely

D.intensively

【答案】C

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；B选项intensely“强烈地”；C选项densely“浓密地，密集地”；D选项intensively“集中地，广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，前后形成对比。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“denselypopulated”，所以选项C正确。

2.单选题

Itmakesmesicktothinkofhishighly______manners.

问题1选项

A.artistic

B.artful

C.artless

D.artificial

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项artistic“艺术的、有美感的”；B项artful“巧妙的、狡猾的”；C项artless“天真的、朴实的”；D项artificial“人造的、仿造的、虚伪的”；句意：我一想到他那矫揉造作的举止就觉得恶心。因此该题D项正确。

3.单选题

Shewaved,buthedidn’tseeher,beingtoo______instuffingtheflowersintoalargecarrierbag.

问题1选项

A.drifted

B.concentrated

C.engrossed

D.undaunted

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.drifted漂流；缓慢行走v.B.concentrated决心要做的；集中的

C.engrossed全神贯注的D.undaunted顽强的；百折不挠的

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“她挥了挥手，但他______把花塞进一个大手提袋里，没看见她”可知，他正在全神贯注地做另外一件事情，engrossin是固定搭配，表示“全神贯注于”，故该题选择C项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】

A、D项不符合句意；

B项concentrated要和on搭配使用，故排除。

【句意】她挥了挥手，但他正忙着把花塞进一个大手提袋里，没看见她。

4.单选题

Thezooattendantopenedthecageandtriedhardto

thetigersbackin.

问题1选项

A.coax

B.induce

C.pacify

D.reassure

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。coax“哄骗”；induce“引诱”；pacify“使平静”；reassure“使安心”。句意：动物园管理员打开笼子，引诱老虎回去。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Itwouldbewrong（）thatfactor.

问题1选项

A.tonotconsider

B.nottoconsider

C.toconsidernot

D.tobeconsidering

【答案】B

【解析】考查不定式的否定形式。由于不定式的否定形式为not+to+动原，所以选项A、C、D均错误，B选项正确。句意：不考虑那个因素将是错误的。

6.单选题

Themegaphonemakesthevoicesoundbecauseitpointssoundwavesinonedirectionandkeepsthemfromspreadingoutinalldirections.

问题1选项

A.slithering

B.interfering

C.radiating

D.murmuring

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。spreadout表示“展开，伸张”。A项slither“使滑动”，B项interfere“干涉，妨碍”，C项radiate“辐射，发射”，D项murmur“低声说”。句意：扩音器之所以能发出声音，是因为它把声波指向一个方向，防止它们向四面八方扩散。根据题意该题选C。

7.单选题

Stemcellsare（

）cellswiththeabilitytodivideanddevelopintomanyotherkindsofcells.

问题1选项

A.infertile

B.juvenile

C.mobile

D.versatile

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.infertile不育的B.juvenile青少年的；幼稚的

C.mobile可移动的；易变的D.versatile通用的；多功能的；万能的

【答案】D

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】干细胞是具有……的细胞，能产生出其他多种细胞。由本句后半句“能产生出其他多种细胞”可知干细胞是具有产生多功能的细胞。所以D选项“通用的；多功能的”符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项均不符合句意。

【句意】干细胞是一种多功能细胞，具有分裂和发育成许多其他类型细胞的能力。

8.单选题

Thismedicinewill（）thepaininthestomach.

问题1选项

A.ascertain

B.agitate

C.alleviate

D.allocate

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项ascertain“确定，查明”，B项agitate“摇动，骚动”，C项alleviate“减轻，缓和”，D项allocate“分配”。句意：这种药会减轻胃痛。根据句意，该题选C正确。

9.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethatthey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeanCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束白勺)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself—Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil,starve,andbleed:wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld.'*Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There’sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillioneveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,”and“dressingforsuccess.”Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe“successful.,inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto“makeit”alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe“right”neighborhoods,wearthe“right’’clothes,eatthe“right”foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall.yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”(Line8-9,Para.1),theauthormeans（）.

3.ThecharactersdescribedinHoratioAlger’snovelsarepeoplewho（）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（）.

5.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis.thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman’sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany’ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

问题3选项

A.succeedinrealestateinvestment

B.earnedenormousfortunesbychances

C.becamewealthyafterstartinglifeverypoor

D.becamefamousdespitetheirmodestorigins

问题4选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswithtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

问题5选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statessymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson’swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段Crevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.克雷夫柯高度赞扬在这片新土地上所能找到的自由和机会。可知D项“人们可以充分享受个人自由”正确。

2.语义题。由Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的进步同步”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。可知一个人的回报与其付出成正比，付出越多，回报越大。故A项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican’sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales。霍雷肖•阿尔杰(HoratioAlger)是一位为小男孩写小说的作家，他的白手起家的故事成为美国最畅销的作家。可知Horatio是凭借自己的劳动从白手起家到成功致富的人。故C项正确。

4.推理判断题。由第二段“Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.成功的神话甚至已经侵入了我们的人际关系:今天，在婚姻或父母中取得“成功”和在事业中取得成功一样重要。”可知美国人追求生活各方面的成功。故B项正确。

5.细节事实题。Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。由此可知美国文化当中的矛盾就是一方面追求平等，另一方面却希望将自己与别人区分开来，美国人追求的与其信仰冲突，故D项正确。

10.翻译题

Despitetheweb,wewatchmoretelevisionthanever.

Inthechaosoftoday'smediaandtechnologybrawl—iPodvs.Zune,Googlevs.Yahoo,windowsvs.Linux,Intelvs.AMD—wecandeclareoneunlikelywinner.Standingtallinafieldofnewtechwonders,it'sageezertechnologythatareinventedinthe1920sandcommercializedinthe1940s,andit'sstillmorepowerfulthananythingcreatedsince.(1)Asyoutrytofigureoutwhereconsumerinfotechisgoing,andwhatitmeansforsociety,rememberthisbig,centralreality:Peoplejustwantmoretelevision.

Ifyoudoubtit,lookattoday'sbiggestnewsintech.Itcontinuallycentersonnewwaystobringconsumersthethingtheycraveaboveallelse.(2)SonyfloodedtherecentConsumerElectronicsShowwithproductsthatputinternetvideoonyourTVset,asdidalmosteveryotherconsumerelectronicscompany.AtthesimultaneousMacworldExpo,ApplechiefSteveJobsintroducedAppleTV,whichdoesthesamething.VerizonsaiditwillsoonofferliveTVoncellphonescreens.Itwillalsosellfull-lengthprogramsforviewingwheneveryouwant.Putitalltogether,andwehaveachievedanirvanathatdidn'texistevenayearago:unlimitedtelevisionavailable24/7oneveryscreenyouown.

It'snosurprise,ofcourse.(3)Eversincethebasicfactsofsteadilymultiplyingprocessorpowerandbandwidthbecameapparent,seershaveconfidentlypredictedthisday.Theyjustasconfidentlypredictedwhatitwouldmean:traditionaltelevision'sdemise.OncetheWorldWideWebappearedinthemid-1990s,thefuturelookedveryclear.BoringoldTV,thescheduledprogramsthatcometoyouthroughacoaxialcableorsatellitedishorantenna,wouldfadeaway.

(4)Whichisexactlytheoppositeofwhathashappened.DespitemanyNetAgealternatives,weAmericanstodaywatchmoreboringoldTVthanever,whichissayingsomething.Howcanthatbe?MytheoryistheTwo-LiterCokePrinciple.TheCoca-ColacompanydiscoveredlongagothatifitcouldgetpeopletobringhomebiggerbottlesofCoke,thosepeoplewoulddrinkmorethantheyusedto.JustgettingmoreCokeinfrontofthemincreasedtheirconsumption.ItseemstobethesamewithTV.Putmoreofitinfrontofpeople~over100channelsinmanyhomes—andpeoplewillwatchmore.

Seenfromthisperspective,thelatestannouncementsofnewTV-relatedtechnologylooksimplylikeadditionalwaystoputmoreTVinfrontofAmericanconsumers.ThesupposedthreatfromtheInternetwasthatwe'dcutbackonTVaswespentmoretimeonMySpaceorinSecondLife.WemaywellspendmoretimeonsuchnewNetattractions,butwe'reunlikelytotakethattimeawayfromvideoviewing.We’remorelikelytocutbackonthingsweconsiderlessimportant,likesleep.

(5)NoonehasevaluatedTVbetterthanthegreatNewYorkeressayistE.B.White,whoin1938wrote,"Weshallstandorfallbytelevision,ofthatIamsure."Westilldon'tknowwhichitwillbe,buthisassessmentlookstruerthanever.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese

【答案】（1）当你设法弄清消费信息技术将向何处发展以及这对社会意味着什么时，要记住这个重要的核心事实：人们只是想看更多的电视节目。

（2）就像其他每个消费电子产品公司做的那样，索尼公司在最近的消费类电子产品展会上推出大量产品，这些产品是用来把网络视频放到电视上。在同时举行的麦客世界展会上，苹果公司总栽史蒂夫•乔布斯推出具有同样功能的苹果电视。

（3）从那时到现在，基本而明显的事实是处理器的功能不断提高和带宽的不断增大，而预言家们已经自信地预测了这一天。正如他们自信地预言它的含义：传统的电视节目会被替代。

（4）实际情况却正好相反。尽管网络时代有其他多种选择，我们美国人如今看的无聊电视却比以往任何时候都多，这就说明了问题。

（5）关于电视，没有人比著名的《纽约人》杂志评论家E.B.怀特的评价更恰当。他在1938年写道：“我们的好坏将取决于电视,这一点我敢肯定。”

11.单选题

IthinkthatIcommitteda（

）inaskingherbecausesheseemedveryupsetbymyquestion.

问题1选项

A.blunder

B.revenge

C.reproach

D.scandal

【答案】A

【解析】blunder大错，愚蠢的错误；revenge报复，复仇；reproach责备，耻辱；scandal丑闻，流言蜚语。句意：我认为我在问她的时候犯了一个大错，因为她似乎被我的问题弄得很心烦。选项A符合语境。

12.单选题

Universitiesarebeinggivenjob______bycompaniesandindividualsandsetouttoapprovetheirreliabilityandreputationbeforeacceptingservicerequest.

问题1选项

A.viruses

B.victims

C.vacations

D.vacancies

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.viruses病毒B.victims受害者

C.vacations假期D.vacancies（职位的）空缺；（旅馆等的）空房

【答案】D

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息Universitiesarebeinggivenjob（工作提供给了大学）可知，空格处表示“职位”，而vacancy可以表示职位的空缺，故该题选择D项符合句意。

【干扰项排除】A、B、C项不符合句意。

【句意】公司和个人向大学提供职位空缺，在接受服务请求之前，大学会先确认这些职位的可靠性和声誉。

13.翻译题

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslateitintoChinese.

Rationally,weknowthatreadingisthefoundationstoneofalleducation,andthereforeanessentialunderpinningoftheknowledgeeconomy.Soreadingis-orshouldbe—anaspectofpublicpolicy.Butperhapsevenmoresignificantisitsemotionalroleasthestartingpointforindividualvoyagesofpersonaldevelopmentandpleasure.Bookscanhelpcreateandreinforceoursenseofself.

Ifreadingweretodeclinesignificantly,itwouldchangetheverynatureofourspecies.Ifwe,inthefuture,arenolongerwiredforsolitaryreflectionandcreativethought,wewillbediminished.Technologythrowsupasmanysolutionsasitdoeschallenges:foreverydooritcloses,anotheropens.Sotheability,offeredbydeviceslikee-readers,smartphonesandtablets,tocarryanentirelibraryinyourhandisanamazingopportunity.

【答案】从理性角度来讲，我们知道阅读是一切教育的基石，因此是知识经济的基本支撑。所以阅读是——或者应当是——公共政策的一个方面。但也许更重要的是它作为个人发展和快乐之旅的起点的情感作用。书籍可以帮助创造和加强我们的自我意识。

如果阅读能力显著下降，人类的天性也会发生变化。如果我们将来不再被自我反思和创造性的思想所束缚，我们将会逐渐消失。技术提出的解决方案与挑战一样多：每关上一扇门，另一扇门就会打开。因此，由阅读器、智能手机和平板电脑等设备提供的功能，可以实现将整个图书馆放在手中的绝好机会。

14.单选题

Thereisno（）forhardworkandperseveranceofyouwanttosucceed.

问题1选项

A.alteration

B.equivalent

C.alternative

D.substitute

【答案】C

【解析】本题考查了名词的辨析。alteration“改变；变化”；equivalent“相等的”；alternative“可供选择的事物”；substitute“代替”，根据“勤奋和坚持”与“成功”之间的关系，我们可以知道一般来说“勤奋和坚持”是“成功”的必要条件，所以想要成功，除了“勤奋和坚持”之外就没有别的选择符合逻辑，故正确答案为选项C。句意为：你想成功的话，除了勤奋和坚持之外你没有别的选择。

15.单选题

Adecadeago,mostpatientswereinformedoverthephoneorinpersonbythedoctors.Butinthepastfewyears,hospitalsandmedicalpracticeshaveurgedpatientstosignupforportals,whichallowthemrapid,round-the-clockaccesstotheirrecords.Labtestsarenowreleaseddirectlytopatients.

Thepushforportalshasbeenfueledbyseveralfactors:thewidespreadembraceoftechnology,incentivepaymentstomedicalpracticesandhospitalsthatwerepartof2009federallegislationtoencourage“meaningfuluse”ofelectronicrecords,anda2014federalrulegivingpatientsdirectaccesstotheirresults.Policymakershavelongregardedelectronicmedicalrecordsasawaytofosterpatientengagementandimprovepatientsafety.

Areportalsdeliveringontheirpromisetoengagepatients?Oraretheseresultstoooftenasourceofconfusionandalarmforpatientsandthecauseofmoreworkfordoctorsbecauseinformationisprovidedwithoutadequate-orsometimesany-guidance?

Althoughwhatpatientsseeonlineandhowquicklytheyseeitdiffers—sometimesevenwithinthesamehospitalsystem-mostportalscontainlabtests,imagingstudies,pathologyreportsandlessfrequently,doctors’notes.Itisnotuncommonforatestresulttobepostedbeforethedoctorhasseenit.

KatharineTreadway,aninternist,knowswhatit’sliketoobtainshockingnewsfromanelectronicmedicalrecord.Theexperience,shesaid,hasinfluencedthewayshepractices.

Morethanadecadeago-longbeforemostpatientshadportals-Treadway,withherhusband’spermission,pulleduptheresultsofhisMRIscanonahospitalcomputerwhilewaitingtoseethespecialisttreatinghissudden,unbearablearmpain.

“Itshowedamassivetumorandwidespreadmetastaticdisease,”Treadwayrecalled.Sheneversuspectedthather59-year-oldhusbandhadcancer,letaloneahighlyaggressiveandusuallyfatalformofadvancedlymphoma.

Treadway,whosehusbandhasbeencancer-freeformorethanadecade,saidsherememberedintentlycheckingthenameanddateofbirth,certainshehadthewrongpatient,thenrebootingthecomputerseveraltimes“likeIwasgoingtogetadifferentanswer.”

1.Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseofportals?

3.Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?

5.TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.

B.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.

C.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.

D.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.

问题2选项

A.Popularacceptanceoftechnology.

B.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.

C.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.

D.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.

问题3选项

A.Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.

B.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.

C.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.

D.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.

问题4选项

A.Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.

B.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.

C.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.

D.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.

问题5选项

A.explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessed

B.exemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportals

C.illustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatients

D.showtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’information

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

Whatisthetrendmentionedatthebeginningofthepassage?文章开头提到的趋势是什么？

A.Morelabtestsareorderedthroughportals.A.更多的实验室测试通过门户进行。

B.Morehospitalsproviderapid,round-the-clockservices.B.更多的医院提供快速、24小时的服务。

C.Moremedicalconsultationsareconductedoverthephone.C.更多的医疗咨询通过电话进行。

D.Morepatientsareencouragedtouseportalsfortheirmedicalinformation.D.鼓励更多患者使用门户网站获取医疗信息。

【答案】D

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第一段第二句“但在过去几年里，医院和医疗机构敦促患者注册门户网站，这样他们就可以24小时快速查看自己的病历。”由此句可知在最近几年查看病历趋向于在网站上自行查看电子诊疗。D选项“鼓励更多患者使用门户网站获取医疗信息。”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“更多的实验室测试通过门户进行。”，文中并未提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“更多的医院提供快速、24小时的服务。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

C选项“更多的医疗咨询通过电话进行。”文中指的是“十多年前大多数病人都是通过电话或医生亲自告知的”，并不是现在的趋势，属于过度推断。

2.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacontributingfactorfortheincreasinguseofportals?下面哪一项没有被提到是门户网站使用增加的一个因素？

A.Popularacceptanceoftechnology.A.对技术的普遍接受。

B.Lowerpaymentsforthepatientstoobtaintheirresults.B.降低病人获得结果的费用。

C.Financialbenefitsforhospitaluseofelectronicrecords.C.医院使用电子记录的经济利益。

D.Legalrequirementtoprovidepatientswithdirectaccesstotheirresults.D.为病人提供直接查看结果的法律要求。

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第二段第一句“推动门户网站建设的因素有以下几个：科技的广泛应用（thewidespreadembraceoftechnology）、对医疗机构和医院的奖励（这是2009年联邦立法的一部分，旨在鼓励‘有意义地使用’电子记录），以及2014年的一项联邦规定，允许患者直接查看其结果（federalrulegivingpatientsdirectaccesstotheirresults）”由此句可知A选项“对科技的普遍接受”，C选项“医院使用电子记录的经济利益”和D选项“为病人提供直接查看结果的法律要求”都在原文中提到了。B选项没有提及，因此选B。

【干扰项排除】

A、C、D选项根据解题思路可知均属于反向干扰。

3.【选项释义】

Whatconcernstheauthorinrespecttotheincreasinguseofportals?对于门户网站越来越多的使用，作者关注的是什么？

A.Unsafeaccesstopatients’personalinformation.A.对患者个人信息的不安全访问。

B.Inadequateguidanceforthepatientstouseportals.B.对患者使用门户的指导不足。

C.Improperdeliveryofthemedicalresultstothepatients.C.不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果。

D.Differentcontentsprovidedtothepatientsbydifferentsystems.D.不同系统提供给患者不同的内容。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位至原文第三段第二句话“还是说，这些结果往往会让病人感到困惑和惊慌，让医生需要做更多的工作，因为提供的信息不充分，有时甚至没有任何指导?”以及第三段中谈到作者对在医疗系统使用门户网站通知病人诊断结果的反思可知C项“不恰当地向患者传递诊断结果”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“对患者个人信息的不安全访问。”，文中没有提及，属于无中生有；

B选项“对患者使用门户的指导不足。”，“没有指导”指的是医生对患者病情的说明，该选项无中生有；

D选项“不同系统提供给患者不同的内容。”，属于无中生有。

4.【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutDr.Treadway’shusband?下面关于特雷德韦医生的丈夫的陈述哪一项是正确的？

A.Hewasdepressedbythediagnosisofhisdisease.A.诊断出他的病后，他很沮丧。

B.Hewasscreenedforahighlyaggressiveandfatalcancer.B.他被检查出患有高度恶性和致命的癌症。

C.HewasmismatchedwiththeelectronicrecordsofhisMRIscan.C.他和核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配。

D.HewasinformedoftheresultsofhisMRIscanviahospitalportals.D.他通过医院门户得知了核磁共振扫描的结果。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可从原文第六段开始定位，讲到特雷德韦医生通过门户网站查询诊断结果的例子，再根据第七段中特雷德韦医生所说“上面显示一个巨大的肿瘤和扩散转移的疾病”和后面“她从未怀疑过她59岁的丈夫得了癌症”，以及最后一段中“确定她是选错了人”，可知C选项“他和核磁共振扫描的电子记录不匹配”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“诊断出他的病后，他很沮丧。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

B选项“他被检查出患有高度恶性和致命的癌症。”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

D选项“他通过医院门户得知了核磁共振扫描的结果。”，文中说的是这个医生在医院的电脑上查看了他的核磁共振扫描结果，而不是这个医生的丈夫通过医院门户得知结果，属于张冠李戴。

5.【选项释义】

TheauthorcitesKatharineTreadway’sexperienceto（）.作者引用特雷德韦医生的经验是想____。

A.explainthehiddenriskofportalsbeingillegallyaccessedA.解释门户网站被非法访问的潜在风险

B.exemplifythepotentialriskofmisinformingpatientsthroughportalsB.举例说明通过门户网站向患者提供错误信息的潜在风险

C.illustratetheprogressinthewayinformationisdeliveredtothepatientsC.说明信息传递给患者的方式的进展

D.showtheadvantagesofportalsoverphoneinreleasingpatients’informationD.展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势

【答案】B

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干信息可定位到第五段“她知道从电子病历中获取令人震惊的消息是什么感觉。她说，这段经历影响了她的练习方式。”特雷德韦医生从门户网站得到了丈夫的错误病例，因此B选项“举例说明通过门户网站向患者提供错误信息的潜在风险”正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“解释门户网站被非法访问的潜在风险”，文中没有提及属于无中生有；

C选项“说明信息传递给患者的方式的进展”，作者想要表达主要是这个过程中出现的误解或问题，该选项属于无中生有；

D选项“展示通过电话表达门户网站在发布患者信息方面的优势”，文中并没有进行比较，属于无中生有。

16.写作题

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtosummarizethemainideaofthefollowingpassageinplainlanguageinnomorethan50words.Youshouldwriteyoursummaryontheansweringsheer.

Whetherwelikeitornot,theworldweliveinhaschangedagreatdealinthelasthundredyears,anditislikelytochangeevenmoreinthenexthundred.Somepeoplewouldliketostopthesechangesandgobacktowhattheyseeasapurerandsimplerage.Butashistoryshows,thepastwasnotthatwonderful.Itwasnotsobadforaprivilegedminority,thougheventheyhadtodowithoutmodemmedicine,andchildbirthwashighlyriskyforwomen.Butforthevastmajorityofthepopulation,lifewasnasty,brutish,andshort.

Ifweacceptthatwecannotpreventscienceandtechnologyfromchangingourworld,wecanatleasttrytoensurethatthechangestheymakeareintherightdirections.Inademocraticsociety,thismeansthatthepublicneedstohaveabasicunderstandingofscience.Sothatitcanmakeinformeddecisionsandnotleavetheminthehandsofexperts.Atthemoment,thepublicisintwomindsaboutscience.Ithascometoexpectthesteadyincreaseinthestandardoflivingthatnewdevelopmentsinscienceandtechnologyhavebroughttocontinue,butitalsodistrustssciencebecauseitdoesn’tunderstandit.ThisdistrustisevidentinthecartoonfigureofthemadscientistworkinginhislaboratorytoproduceaFrankenstein.ItisalsoanimportantelementbehindsupportfortheGreenparties.Butthepublicalsohasagreatinterestinscience,particularlyastronomy,asisshownbythelargeaudiencesfortelevisionseriessuchasTheSkyatNightandforsciencefiction.

Whatcanbedonetoharnessthisinterestandgivethepublicthescientificbackgrounditneedstomakeinformeddecisionsonsubjectslikeacidrain,thegreenhouseeffect,nuclearweapons,andgeneticengineering?Clearly,thebasismustlieinwhatistaughtinschools.Butinschoolsscienceisoftenpresentedinadryanduninterestingmanner.Childrenlearnitbyrotetopassexaminations,andtheydon'tseeitsrelevancetotheworldaroundthem.Moreover,scienceisoftentaughtintermsofequations.Althoughequationsareabriefandaccuratewayofdescribingmathematicalideas,theyfrightenmostpeople.WhenIwroteapopularbookrecently,IwasadvisedthateachequationIincludedwouldhalvethesales.Iincludedoneequation,Einstein’sfamousequation,E=mc2.MaybeIwouldhavesoldtwiceasmanycopieswithoutit.

Scientistsandengineerstendtoexpresstheirideasintheformofequationsbecausetheyneedtoknowtheprecisevaluesofquantities.Butfortherestofus,aqualitativegraspofscientificconceptsissufficient,andthiscanbeconveyedbywordsanddiagrams,withouttheuseofequations.

Thesciencepeoplelearninschoolcanprovidethebasicframework.Buttherateofscientificprogressisnowsorapidthattherearealwaysnewdevelopmentsthathaveoccurredsinceonewasatschooloruniversity.Ineverlearnedaboutmolecularbiologyortransistorsatschool,butgeneticengineeringaridcomputersaretwoofthedevelopmentsmostlikelytochangethewayweliveinthefuture.Popularbooksandmagazinearticlesaboutsciencecanhelptoputacrossnewdevelopments.Buteventhemostsuccessfulpopularbookisreadbyonlyasmallproportionofthepopulation.Onlytelevisioncanreachatrulymassaudience.TherearesomeverygoodscienceprogrammersonTV,butotherspresentscientificwonderssimplyasmagic,withoutexplainingthemorshowinghowtheyfitintotheframeworkofscientificideas.Producersoftelevisionscienceprogrammersshouldrealizethattheyhavearesponsibilitytoeducatethepublic,notjustentertainit.

【答案】Theworldpeopleliveinhaschangedgrratly,andpeopleshouldensurethatthedirectionofchangeisright.Thus,peopleneedtohaveagoodknowledgeofbasicscience.Schoolandtelevisionscienceprogramsshouldshouldertheresponsibilityofeducatingthepublic.

17.单选题

Sincethelate1970’s，inthefaceofaseverelossofmarketshareindozensofindustries,manufacturersintheUnitedStateshavebeentryingtoimproveproductivity—andthereforeenhancetheirinternationalcompetitivenessthroughcost-cuttingprograms.(Cost-cuttinghereisdefinedasraisinglaboroutputwhileholdingtheamountoflaborconstant.)However,from1978through1982,productivity——thevalueofgoodsmanufactureddividedbytheamountoflaborinput——didnotimprove;andwhiletheresultwerebetterinthebusinessupturnofthethreeyearsfollowing,theyran25percentlowerthanproductivityimprovementsduringearlier,post-1945upturns.Atthesametime,itbecameclearthatthehardermanufacturesworkedtoimplementcost-cuttingthemoretheylosttheircompetitiveedge.

Withthisparadoxinmind,Irecentlyvisited25companies.Itbecamecleartomethatthecost-cuttingapproachtoincreasingproductivityisfundamentallyflawed.Manufacturingregularlyobservesa“40,40,20”rule.Roughly40percentofanymanufacturing-basedcompetitiveadvantagederivesfromlong-termchangesinmanufacturingstructure(decisionsaboutthemember,size,location,andcapacityoffacilities)andinapproachestomaterials.Another40percentcomesfrommajorchangesinequipmentandprocesstechnology.Thefinal20percentrestsonimplementingconventionalcost-cutting.Thisruledoesnotimplythatcost-cuttingshouldnotbetried.Thewell-knowntoolsofthisapproachincludings