考研考博-英语-山东理工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东理工职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.写作题

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofatleast200wordsbasedonthetopic“TraditionandInnovation”.

Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,providereasonsoryourexperiencestosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】Thereisavividsayingwhichsays“Iftraditioncanbelikenedtotherootsandtrunkofatree,innovationisitsleavesandfruits.”Iquiteapplaudthissimile.Frommyperspective,traditionandinnovationaredoomedtocoexistperpetually.

Firstandforemost,traditionisasolidfoundationforinnovation,withabundantnutritionwecanabsorb,suchasscientificexperimentapproachesandsciencespirits.Secondly,it’sthedrawbacksoftraditionincertainfieldsthatgiverisetoinspirationandmomentumtoinnovate.Forinstance,ThomasEdison,whocaughtthesightoftheinconvenienceoftraditionalgaslight,conductedexperimentsandeventuallyinventedlightbulb.Onthecontrary,innovationwillcertainlyfightagainsttradition.Whenaninnovationsatisfiespeople'sexpectation,itcangainpopularityandfinallymakeitselfanewelementintradition,whichwillbeheldinhighesteem.

Inaword,traditionandinnovationcanneverbeseparated.Attheverytime,withtheever-increasingspeedofinnovation,adiversityofnewly-borntechnologyandhi-techproductspenetrateourdailylife.I’mconvincedthatwe’dbetterbeabsolutelyconsciousofourroot——traditionandgiveprioritytoit.Onlywhenwegainathoroughcomprehensionofitcanweaccomplishmagnificentinnovationandexertpositiveeffectonoursocietyasawhole.

2.单选题

A（）translationisnotalwaystheclosesttooriginalmeaning.

问题1选项

A.liberal

B.literate

C.literal

D.literacy

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。liberal“自由主义的，慷慨的”；literate“受过教育的，精通文学的”；literal“文字的，逐字的”。句意：逐字翻译往往不是最贴近原文意思的翻译。只有D项符合句意。

3.单选题

Whyshouldanyonewanttoread（）ofbooksbygreatauthorswhentherealpleasurecomesfromreadingtheoriginals?

问题1选项

A.digests

B.themes

C.leaflets

D.insights

【答案】A

【解析】句意：当真正的乐趣来自于阅读原著时,为什么有人想要阅读伟大作家的作品摘要呢？选项A更符合语境。

4.单选题

Thetoneofthearticles（）thewriter’smoodatthetime.

问题1选项

A.reproduced

B.reflected

C.imagined

D.imitated

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reproduce“繁殖，复制”;reflect“反映，表现”，reflectone'smood“反映某人的心情”，符合句意；imagine“想象，设想”；imitate“模仿，仿效”。选项B符合题意。句意：文章的语气反映了作者当时的心情。

5.单选题

OfallfiguresfromAmerica'spast,AbrahamLincolnisdearesttotheheartsoftheAmericanpeople.Infact,theadmirationtheyhaveforhimbordersonworship.WritersnotethattheLincolnMemorialinWashington,DCisnotunlikethetemplesthatancientGreeksbuiltinhonoroftheirgoods,andthatannualceremoniesofcelebratingLincoln'sbirthdayinschoolsandpublicplaceshavesometimeshadcharacteristicsofreligiousservices.CertainlyLincolnisAmerica'sidealofagreatleader.HehadmanyofthequalityofleadershipthatAmericansadmire.

Firstofall,Lincoln'scareerfitspopularAmericanbeliefthateverychildcandreamofbecomingpresident.Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.Lincolnwasbomofpoorparents.Hismotherdiedwhenhewasyoung.Hehadlittleopportunityforschooling.Hisearlystudywasdonealoneatnightbythelightofafireplace.Hedidhardmanuallaborthroughtheday——splittingrailsforfences,takingcareoflivestock,workingonriverboat——orinstore.Butashegrewolderhestudiedlawinhissparetimeandbecamealawyer.Hewasagoodspeakerandstudentofpoliticalphilosophy.HisabilityfinallymadeanameforhimandeventuallyhebecamepresidentoftheUnitedStates.

LincolnisalsoadmiredbecauseofhisleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar.Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.He,inasense,representsthespiritofunionamongthestates.BeforetheCivilwar,theeconomyoftheSouthdependedonanagriculturalsystemwhichmadeuseofslavelabor.Whenreformersinthenorthernstates,putpressureonCongressnottopermittosecedeorwithdraw,fromtheUnitedStates,theyarguedthatthequestionofslaverywasamatterfortheindividualstatestodecideratherthanthefederalgovernment,andtheydidnotwanttoacceptitsdecision.Thenationalgovernmentsaidthatnostatehadtherighttosecede,andtheCivilWarwastheresult.Ifthesouthhadwonthewar,whatistheUnitesStatesmightwellhavebeendividedintoseveralcountries.Lincolnworkedhardtopreservetheunion,andthenorthernstateswerevictorious.

Furthermore,Lincolnhadmanypersonalqualitiesthatmadehimdeartotheheartsofhiscountryman.Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.Aspresident,heappointedmentohighgovernmentpositionswhomheconsideredmostcapable,eventhoughsomeofthemopenlyscornedhim.Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.Therearemanystoriesabouthisthoughtfultreatmentofsouthernleaders.Whenthewarwasover,heshowedtheSouthnohatred.SincegenerositytowardadefeatedopponentisadmiredbyAmericans,Lincolnfittedthenationalideaofwhatisright.

ShortlyaftertheCivilWarended,Lincoln,wasshotwhileattendingaplayinWashingtonTheater.Hediedwithinafewhours.Theuncontrolledemotionalreactionofthenationtohisdeathwasalmostunbelievableanddemonstratedthedeepesteeminwhichhewasheld.Newspaperswereedgedwithblack;religiousleadersgavepraiseofLincolninsteadoftheirpreparedsermons.HisfuneralprocessioninWashingtonwasmileslong.Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,butinallthemajorcitiesthroughwhichthetrainpassed,thecoffinwasparadedthroughstreetslinedwithsorrowfulthousands.Inthesmalltownsthroughwhichthetrainpassedbellsranginhonorofthedeadpresident.Citizenslittorchesalongtherailroadtracktoshowtheirlastrespects.

ThecircumstancesofhisdeathsetLincolnapartfromotherAmericanleaders.HadLincolnlived,itmightwellbethathispostwarpolicieswouldhavebroughtcriticismsuponhimthatwouldhavetarnishedhispopularity.Instead,anassassin'sbulleterasedinthemindsofAmericansanyfaultshehadandemphasizedhisvirtues.

1.WhataretheaspectsthatmadeLincolnidealofagreatleader?

2.Lincoln'sbeliefsusedtobe（）.

3.Fromthelastparagraphitcouldbeinferredthat（）.

4.Fromthesecondparagraphwelearnthat（）.

5.Lincolncamefromacitynamed（）.

6.Howmanypersonalqualitiesarementionedinparagraph4?

7.Theword“assassin”means（）.

问题1选项

A.Lincoln'scareerandfamily

B.Lincolnwasself-madeperson

C.Lincoln'sleadershipduringthedifficultperiodoftheCivilWar

D.Hiscareer,leadership,generosityandrighttimeofdeath

问题2选项

A.unpopularwithmanypeopleduringtheperiodoftheCivilWar

B.aself-madeperson

C.worshipped

D.popularwiththeAmericanpeople

问题3选项

A.Americanpeoplelikethosewhoaregeneroustotheiropponents

B.Apresidentmustbelikeapresident

C.Lincoln'sdeathwasatarighttimetohim

D.LincolnisstillpopularwiththeAmericanpeople

问题4选项

A.apersonwhofightshisorherwaytothetopwillbepresident

B.Americansbelievethateveryonecanbepresidentifhehasability

C.aself-madepersonwillsucceed

D.it'sapieceofcaketobepresidentoftheUnitedStates

问题5选项

A.Washington

B.Springfield

C.Illinois

D.notmentioned

问题6选项

A.3

B.4

C.5

D.6

问题7选项

A.helper

B.assistant

C.soldier

D.killer

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:B

第6题:A

第7题:D

【解析】1.结合全文内容可知,本文从多个方面讲述了林肯受人们爱戴的原因,选项D最能全面概括,其他选项都只是一个方面。

2.根据第三段的第二句“Hedaredtodowhathethoughtwasrightatatimewhenhisbeliefswereunpopularwithmanypeople.”可知,林肯的信仰过去在内战期间并不受大多数人的欢迎,选项A符合原文。

3.根据最后一段可知,如果林肯还活着,很可能他的战后政策会给他带来批评,损害他的声望。相反,暗杀者的子弹抹去了美国人心中他的所有缺点,并强调了他的美德。由此可知,客观上来说,林肯的死亡是在一个恰当的时机,选项C正确。

4.根据第二段的第二句“Americansadmiretheperson——theonewho,withneithermoneynorfamilyinfluence,fightshisorherwaytothetop.”美国人欣赏那些,既没有金钱也没有家庭影响,却能通过奋斗达到顶峰的人。也就是说,美国人相信只要有能力,每个人都能成为总统。选项B正确。

5.根据第五段倒数第二句“Lincoln'sbodywastakenbytrainbacktohisformerhomeinSpringfield,Illinois,...”林肯的遗体被火车运回了他在伊利诺斯州斯普林菲尔德的老家。由此可知,林肯来自于Springfield这个城市,Illinois是州,所以选项B正确。

6.根据第四段“Hehadinfinitepatienceandtoleranceforthosewhodisagreedwithhim.”“Hewasgeneroustohisopponents.”可知,本段提到了林肯的3个个人品质,选项A正确。

7.根据原文可知,这里指林肯遭到暗杀,所以选项D正确。

6.单选题

Theautomobile'sexhaustsystem（

）foul-smellingfumes.

问题1选项

A.Attracted

B.condensed

C.absorbed

D.emitted

【答案】D

【解析】attract吸引，引起；condense浓缩，凝结；absorb吸收，使……全神贯注；emit发出，排放，放射。句意：汽车的排气系统排放出难闻的废气。选项D符合句意。

7.单选题

The（

）onthesurfaceofthefemalekangaroo'sabdomenservesasaplaceofrefugefortheyoung,whocangetatthemilkglandswithoutleavingtheirshelter.

问题1选项

A.patch

B.porch

C.paunch

D.pouch

【答案】D

【解析】名词词义辨析题。要注意区分四个选项名词的不同意思。根据句意‘雌性袋鼠腹部表面的育儿袋是用来保护幼崽，使它们不需要离开这里也能够获得母亲的乳汁的。’和常识可知空格处表示“育儿袋”。A选项parch意为“眼罩，斑点”；B选项porch意为“门廊，走廊”；C选项paunch意为“腹，大肚子”；D选项pouch意为“小袋，育儿袋”。D选项正确。

8.单选题

Ipersonallyamoffendedbywhattheyhavetriedtodoinaverymisleadingwaywith,whatI'vesaidabouttwoofmypersonal_______,PresidentKennedyandDr.MartinLutherKingJr.

问题1选项

A.resemblance

B.statues

C.icons

D.parable

【答案】C

【解析】resemblance相似之处;statue雕像;icon偶像,崇拜对象;parable寓意,比喻。句意：就我个人而言,我对他们试图以一种非常具有误导性的方式对待肯尼迪总统和马丁•路德•金博士的事感到很愤怒,而我讲过这两个人是我的偶像。选项C符合句意。

9.单选题

Manyofthesuccessfulmen,hadtheybeenabletochooseforthemselves,wouldhaveselectedsomequitedifferentprofessions（）theyhavemadefortunes.

问题1选项

A.fromthatinwhich

B.fromwhich

C.inwhich

D.fromwhat

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词性从句。differentfrom“与……不同”，that代指professions,inwhich引导名词性从句，其中in是makefortunesinsth.短语中的in；makefortunesinsth“靠……致富”。句意：许多成功的人，如果他们能够自己选择的话，会选择一些与致使他们发财的工作截然不同的职业。因此A选项正确。

10.单选题

Beforethe1980s,theideaofhealthinsurancewasquite（

）tothoselivinginthemainlandofChina.

问题1选项

A.overseas

B.abroad

C.foreign

D.offshore

【答案】C

【解析】形容词词义辨析。A选项overseas“海外的，国外的”；B选项abroad“在国外”；C选项foreign“外国的，陌生的”;D选项offshore“近海的’；句意是‘主语theideaofhealthinsurance医疗保险’这个概念在20世纪80年代之前对居民来说是…，C选项符合句意，正确。

11.单选题

I______withthanksthehelpofmycolleaguesinthepreparationofthisnewcolumn.

问题1选项

A.express

B.confess

C.verify

D.acknowledge

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项express“表达”；B项confess“承认、坦白”；C项verify“核实、查证”；D项acknowledge“承认、答谢、报偿”；句意：我感谢同事们在准备这个新专栏时给予我的帮助。acknowledgewiththanksthehelpof“答谢……的帮助”；因此该题D项正确。

12.单选题

AlthoughIdon’twishto______yourcontribution,Ifeelwemustplaceitintitsproperperspective.

问题1选项

A.magnify

B.expurgate

C.denigrate

D.belittle

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项magnify表示“放大，赞美”，B项expurgate表示“删除，删去”，C项denigrate表示“诋毁，使变黑，玷污”，D项belittle表示“轻视，贬低”。Although引导让步状语从句，根据主句的内容“我觉得我们必须正确地看待它”可推知，Idon’twishto______yourcontribution表示的是“我不想贬低你的贡献”。句意：虽然我不想贬低你的贡献，但我觉得我们必须正确看待它。因此，该题选择D项正确。

13.翻译题

DoingaPhDiscertainlynotforeverybody,andIdonotrecommenditformostpeople.However,IamreallygladIgotmyPhDratherthanjustgettingajobafterfinishingmyBachelor’s.ThenumberonereasonitthatIlearnedahellofalotdoingthePhD,andmostofthethingsIlearnedIwouldnevergetexposedtoinatypicalsoftwareengineeringjob.TheprocessofdoingaPhDtrainsyoutodoresearch,toreadresearchpapers,torunexperiments,towritepapers,togivetalks.Italsoteachesyouhowtofigureoutwhatproblemneedstobesolved.YougainaverysophisticatedtechnicalbackgrounddoingthePhD,andhavingyourworksubjecttotheintensescrutinyoftheacademicpeer-reviewprocess-nottomentionyourthesiscommittee.

IthinkofthePhDalittleliketheGrandTour,atraditioninthe16thand17thcenturieswhereyouthswouldtravelaroundEurope,gettingarichexposuretohighsocietyinFrance,ItalyandGermany,learningaboutart,architecture,language,literature,fencing,riding,ect...alloftheessentialliberalartsthatagentlemenwasexpectedtohaveexperiencewithtobeaninfluentialmemberofsociety.

ThetopPhDprogramssetanincrediblyhighbar:alotofcoursework,teachingexperience,qualifyingexams,athesisdefenseandofcoursemakingagroundbreakingresearchcontributioninyourarea.Havingtogothroughthisprocessgiveyouatremendousamountoftechnicalbreadthanddepth.

SomeimportantstuffIlearneddoingaPhDisasfollows.

Howtowritepapersandgivetalks.Beingfluentintechnicalcommunicationsisareallyimportantskillforengineers.I'venoticedabiggapbetweenthesoftwareengineersI’veworkedwithwhohavePhDsandthosewhodon’tinthisregard.PhD-trainedfolkstendtogiveclearwell-organizedtalksandknowhowtowriteuptheirworkandvisualizetheresultofexperiments.Asaresult,theycanbemuchmoreinfluential.

Howtofigureoutwhatproblemtoworkon.ThisisprobablythemostimportantaspectofPhDtraining.DoingaPhDwillforceyoutocastawayfromshoreandexploretheboundaryofhumanknowledge.(MattMight’scartoononthisisagreatvisualizationofthis.)Ithinkthatatleast80%ofmakingascientificcontributionisfiguringoutwhatproblemtotackle-aproblemthatisatonceinteresting,openandgoingtohaveimpactifyousolveit.Therearelotsofopenproblemsthattheresearchcommunityisnotinterestedin.Therearemanyinterestingproblemsthathavebeensolvedoverandoverandover.There’sarealtricktopickinggoodproblemsanddevelopingatasteforitisakeyskillifyouwanttobecomeatechnicalleader.

SoIthinkit’sworthhavingaPhD,especiallyifyouwanttoworkonthehardestandmostinterestingproblems.Thisistruewhetheryouwantacareerinacademia,aresearchlabormoretraditionalengineeringrole,butasmyPhDadvisorwasfondofsaying,“doingaPhDcostsyouahouse.”(IntermofthelostsalaryduringthePhDyears)

【答案】攻读博士学位的过程能训练你做研究、读文献、做实验、写论文和做演讲。它还会教你如何弄清楚需要解决的问题。

顶尖的博士计划设置了一个极高的标准：大量的课程作业、教学经验、资格考试、论文答辩，当然，还包括在你的领域做出了开创性的研究贡献。

接受博士训练的人往往能发表条理清晰而有组织的演讲，并且知道如何详细记录他们的工作，并将实验结果可视化。因此，他们具有很大的影响力。

如何找出需要解决的问题，这可能是博士培训最重要的方面。攻读博士学位会迫使你远离当下领域，探索人类知识的边界。

所以，我认为，读博是值得的，尤其是如果你想研究最难且最有兴趣的问题。无论你是想在学术界、实验室或者更传统的工程职业中谋职，读博都是正确的选择。

14.单选题

Atfirst,thecompanyrefusedtopurchasetheequipment,butthisdecisionwas______revised.

问题1选项

A.subsequently

B.successively

C.predominantly

D.preliminarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词辨析。subsequently“随后”；successively“相继地”；predominantly“主要地；显著地”；preliminarily“初步地”。句意：起初，该公司拒绝购买设备，但这一决定……被修改了。根据句意选用“后来”更合适，因此A选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Inmanyplaces,illnesswasseeneitherasaninvasionofthebodybysomepoisonoritwas（

）totheworkofanangrygod,malignantmagic,orwitchcraft.

问题1选项

A.contributed

B.attributed

C.tribute

D.distributed

【答案】B

【解析】contributeto有助于,促成；tributeto向...致敬；distributeto分发给。attributedto归因于,被认为是...所为。句意:在许多地方,疾病要么被认为是某种毒素侵入身体,要么被认为是愤怒的上帝、邪恶的魔法或巫术造成的。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

Forseveralyearsthelivesofthetwooldladiescontinuedtorevolveinintimateenmityaroundeachother.

问题1选项

A.companionship

B.hospitality

C.amiability

D.hostility

【答案】D

【解析】句意：几年来，这两位老太太的生活一直围绕着彼此的恩怨而转。enmity意为敌意，憎恨。companionship友谊，伴侣；hospitality殷勤，好客；amiability和蔼可亲，友善；hostility敌意，敌对。选项D与之意思相近。

17.单选题

Thepeoplestood___atthebeautifulpicture.

问题1选项

A.glaring

B.gazing

C.peeping

D.gasping

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项glaring“怒目而视，瞪眼看；发出刺眼的光”；B选项gazing“凝望，凝视”；C选项peeping“唧唧叫；窥探”；D选项gasping“喘气；渴望”。句意：人们站在那里，___这幅美丽的画。本句表达“凝视美丽的画”。因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Studiesoftheeffectthatmakesmanyofusslumberorfeelsleepyduringthequeen’sSpeechonChristmasDayhaverevealedthatchangesmayberequiredinBritain’sdrinkdrivelegislation.

Dr.JamesHorne,directoroftheSleepResearchLaboratoryatLoughboroughUniversity,isinvestigatingpose-lunchsleepiness.“Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.”

Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.

“Hotenvironmentsmakeitworseandmanycultureslivingneartheequator”,saysDr.Home,“haveconcededtotheinevitable,wheretheafternoonsiestaisthewayoflife.”

InthisstudyDr.Homehasbeeninvestigatingtheroleofalcohol.“Thetheoryisthatifyouaremoresleepyafterlunchthenitfiguresthatalcoholwillbemorepotentafterlunch.Onewouldfigurethenthatapintofbeeratlunchtimehasmoreeffectthanintheevening,whenpeoplearemorealert.Indeed,wefindthatithasabouttwicetheeffect.”

Thishasmoresinisterimplications.“Ifpeopletakealcoholuptothelegaldrivinglimit,theirperformanceisseriouslyimpairedafterlunch.”Hesaid.

Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.

“Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.”saidDr.Horne.

ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”

26.ItisimpliedthatBritishpeople（）.

27.（）takearestinthehotafternoonsun.

28.Mostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimebecause（）.

29.Accordingtothepassage,ifyousleepmorethan15minutesafterlunch,（）.

30.Itcanbeinferredthat（）.

问题1选项

A.liketotakeashortnapafterlunch

B.don’ttakeashortnapafterlunch

C.don’tfeelsleepyafterlunch

D.liketosleeptwiceaday

问题2选项

A.Allanimalsinthebush

B.Theremnantofthesameprimevalprogramming

C.Thesameprimevalprogramming

D.Allanimalsintheworld

问题3选项

A.alcoholwillbelesspotentafterlunch

B.apintofbeeratlunchtimeisequivalenttoaquartintheevening,itcauseafternoonsleepiness

C.peoplearemorealertatlunchtime

D.itisnotlegaltodrinkatlunchtime

问题4选项

A.youwillberefreshed

B.youwillbewakenup

C.youwillfeelfarsleepier

D.youwilltakeacatnap

问题5选项

A.Peoplearenotallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

B.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkonequarterintheevening

C.Peoplearestillallowedtodriveaftertheydrinkoutpintatlunch-time

D.None

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】26.推理判断题。定位在第二段的最后一句Wehumansaredesignedtosleeptwiceaday,onceatnightandashortnapafterlunch,butinthispartoftheworldwetendtorepressthat.（我们人类应该每天睡两次，一次在晚上，一次在午餐后小睡片刻，但在这个世界的一部分地方，我们倾向于克制午睡。）以及最后一段的段首ForthosewhowishtoenjoytheQueen’sspeech,Dr.Homerecommendsmildexercise,asplashofcoldairorcoldwaterontheface,oracupofcoffee.Otherwise,takeacatnap.（对于那些认真收听女王演讲的人，霍姆医生建议进行适当的运动，在脸上喷点凉风或冷水，或者喝杯咖啡。否则，就打个盹吧。）由此可以推理出午睡是英国人实在没有办法克服睡意后，才会进行的事情。因此A选项“喜欢午饭后小睡一会儿”不符合题意，可排除。同理可排除D选项“喜欢一天睡两次”，B选项“午饭后不会小睡”符合题意，正确。C选项“午饭后不会觉得困”，原文中说到Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一种原始程序的残余物，与使灌木丛里的所有动物会在炎热的午后阳光下休息来保存能量是一样的道理。），可以知道在午后有睡意是人之常情。由此可知C选项是错误的。故选B。

27.客观事实题。定位到原文Itisaremnantofthesameprimevalprogrammingthatmakesallanimalsinthebushrestinthehotafternoonsuntoconserveenergy.（它是一种原始程序的残余物，与使灌木丛里的所有动物会在炎热的午后阳光下休息来保存能量是一样的道理。）由此可知会在炎热午后阳光下休息的是灌木丛里的所有动物。因此A选项“所有在灌木丛里的动物”，符合题意，正确。B选项“同一种原始程序的残余”这是对灌木丛里所有动物会在午后阳光下休息的解释。C选项“同样的原始程序”，D选项“世界上所有的动物”。B，C，D选项均不符合题意，故选A。

28.推理判断题。定位在文中的第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精与睡眠的昼夜节律相互作用，导致下午犯困，以至于午餐时间的一品脱的量相当于晚上的一夸脱的量。）可以推论出午后饮酒会让人更加容易犯困。A选项“午餐后酒精效果不强”，表述错误。B选项“午餐时间喝一品脱啤酒相当于晚上喝一夸脱啤酒，这会导致下午犯困”符合题意，正确。C选项“人们在午餐时间更警觉”与题意无关，可排除。D选项“在午餐时间饮酒是不合法的”定位到原文的第八段Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtimeandthelegalbloodalcohollimitisnoguidetosafedrivinghere.（出于这个原因，大多数司机在午餐时间根本不应该喝酒，并且合法的血液酒精含量限制并不是安全驾驶的指南。）午餐后喝酒并不违法，只是超过合法的血液酒精含量行驶会不安全，干扰项可排除。故选B。

29.客观细节题。定位在文章中的最后一句Butthisshouldbelessthan15minutes.“Otherwise,sleepreallysetsinandonecanwakeupfeelingverygroggyandfarsleepierthantobeinwith.”（但这应该不到15分钟。否则，睡意真的就到来了，当你醒来时会感到非常昏昏欲睡，比你刚开始更困。）由此可以推出当一个人午休时长超过15分钟后，会更疲惫，睡意更浓。因此C选项“你会觉得更困”符合题意，正确。A选项“你会精神焕发”，B选项“你会被唤醒”，D选项“你会小憩一下”。A，B，D选项与题意不符。故选C。

30.推理判断题。定位在文中第七段Itseemsthatalcoholinteractswiththecircadianrhythmofsleeptocauseafternoonsleepiness,sothatonepintatlunch-timeisequivalent,ineffect,toaquartintheevening.（似乎酒精与睡眠的昼夜节律相互作用，导致下午犯困，以至于午餐时间的一品脱的量相当于晚上的一夸脱的量。）第八段第一句Forthisreasonmostdriversoughtnottodrinkatallatlunchtime…（正因为如此，大多数司机在午餐时间根本不应该喝酒）。由此可推论出午餐时间是不能喝酒的，由此可以排除C选项“人们在午餐时间喝完酒后仍然可以开车”。A选项“在晚上喝了一夸脱的酒后是不允许开车的”，不允许开车的饮酒量是午餐后的一品脱与晚餐后的一夸脱。同理可推论出晚餐喝了一夸脱酒后是不允许开车的。故A选项符合题意，正确。同理可排除B选项“在晚上喝了一夸脱的酒后开车仍是被允许的”。D选项“无”，按照句意我们推理出了晚上喝酒量达到一夸脱也是不允许开车的，可排除。故选A。

19.单选题

IsupposeyouarenotleavingforBeijingtoday,（

）?

问题1选项

A.areyou

B.doyou

C.aren’tyou

D.don’tyou

【答案】A

【解析】考查反义疑问句。句中“Isuppose”是一个插入语，陈述部分“youarenot…”是否定意义，因此疑问部分应该用肯定意义，选项A符合题意。

20.单选题

Thejunior（

）wasimpatientforpromotionbutknewthathewouldonlygetitbysteppingintoadeadman’sshoes.

问题1选项

A.executive

B.explosive

C.captive

D.addictive

【答案】A

【解析】考察形近词辨析。executive总经理；执行官；explosive爆炸物，炸药；captive俘虏；addictive使人上瘾的。句意：这位初级执行官急不可耐地想要提升，但是他很清楚他只能等待填补死人的空缺。选项A符合句意。

21.单选题

Forthesuccessoftheproject,thecompanyshould（）themostoftheopportunitiesathand.

问题1选项

A.obtain

B.grasp

C.catch

D.make

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项obtain“获得；流行”；B选项grasp“抓牢，握紧；试图抓住；理解，领悟；毫不犹豫地抓住（机会）”；C选项catch“赶上；抓住；感染；了解”；D选项make“使得；进行；布置，准备，整理；制造；认为；获得；形成；安排；引起”。seize/grasp/grab/taketheopportunity“抓住机会”，句中的themostof修饰theopportunities，可视为shouldgrasp(themostof)theopportunities。句意：为了项目的成功，公司应该抓住大部分到手的机会。因此B选项正确。

22.翻译题

ArnoldToynbee说过，一切进步，一切发展均来自于挑战及由此引起的反应。没有挑战就没有反应，没有发展，没有自由。所以，我们首先应该在我们的孩子的能力所允许的范围内为他们开设要求最严格，最富有挑战性的课程。

我们可以向我们的孩子提供的第二个机会是允许他们有失败的权利。如果没有人可以失败，那它算什么考验，算什么自由呢？我们现在生活在一个越来越小的世界里，我们必须对现实保持清醒的认识；而现实主义要求树立一个要么成功要么失败的标准。这些话听起来很刺耳，但都是残酷的事实。如果我们剥夺孩子失败的权利，实际上我们就剥夺了他们如实地认识世界的机会。

【答案】ArnoldToynbeehassaidthatallprogress,alldevelopmentcomefromchallengeandaconsequentresponse.Withoutchallengethereisnoresponse,nodevelopment,nofreedom.Sofirstweowetoourchildrenthemostdemanding,challengingcurriculumthatiswithintheircapabilities.

Thesecondopportunitywecangiveourboysandgirlsistherighttofailure.Whatkindofatestisit,whatkindoffreedomwherenoonecanfail?Weliveinanarrowedworldwherewemustbealert,awaketorealism;andrealismdemandsastandardwhicheithermustbemetorresultinfailure.Thesearehardwords,buttheyarebrutallytrue.Ifwedepriveourchildrenoftherighttofailwedeprivethemoftheirknowledgeoftheworldasitis.

23.翻译题

1.HalfwaythroughthesemesterinhismarketresearchcourseatRoanokeCollegelastfall,onlymomentsafterannouncingapolicyofzerotoleranceforcellphoneuseintheclassroom,Prof.AliNazemiheardaring.ThenhespottedayoungmannamedNeilNolandfumblingwithhisphone,tryingtoturnitoffbeforebeingcaught.

“Neil,canIseethatphone?”ProfessorNazemisaid,moreinacommandthanaquestion.Thestudentsurrenderedit.ProfessorNazemiopenedhisbriefcase,producedahammerandproceededtosmashtheoffendingdevice.Throughouttheclassroom,studentfaceswentashen.

“HowamIgoingtocallmyMomnow?”Neilasked.AsProfessorNazemirefusedtoanswer,aclassmateoffered,“Dude,youcansue.”

2.Onethingweshouldbeclearaboutwastheepisodeinhisclassroomhadbeenplottedandscriptedaheadoftime,withNeilNolandpartoftheplotallalong.Thephonewasanextraofhismother’s,itsservicecontractlongexpired.

ProfessorNazemi,inatelephoneinterviewlastweek,attestedtotheexasperationofcountlessteachersandprofessorsinthecomputerera.Theirpermanentwarofattritionwithdefiantlyinattentivestudentshasescalatedfromthepursuitofpigtail-pulling,spitball-lobbingandnotebook-doodlingtoahigh-techarsenaloflaptops,cellphonesBlackberriesandthelike.

Thepoorschoolteacherormasterormasternowmustcompetewithtexting,instant-messaging,Facebook,eBay,YouTube,Addictinggames.Cornandotherpoxes(瘟疫，灾难)onpedagogy.

“Therearecertainlinesyoushouldn’tcross,”theprofessorsaid.Ifyoustarttoleratingthisstuff,itbecomesthenorm.“Themoreyougive,themoretheytake.Multitaskingisgood,butIwantthemtodomoretaskinginmyclass.”

3.Alltheadvancesschoolsandcollegeshavemadetosupposedlyenhancelearning—supplyingstudentswithlaptops,equippingcomputerlabs,creatingwirelessnetworks—haveinsteadenableddistraction.Perhapsattendancerecordsshouldincludeanewcategory:presentbutotherwiseengaged.

4.“Iamsotiredofthatexcuse,”saidProfessorBugeja,mayhelivealongandfruitfullife.Theideathatsubjectmatterisboringistrulyrelative.Boringasopposedtowhat?BuyingshoesoneBay?Thefactis,we’renotheretoentertain.Weareheretostimulatethelifeofthemind.”

“Educationrequirescontemplation,”hecontinued.“Itrequirescriticalthinking.Whatwemaybedoingnowistrainingagenerationofair-trafficcontrollersratherthanscholars.AndIdoknowI,mgoingtolose.”

Not,onecanonlyhope,withoutfight.

Intheend,asscience-fictionwritershaveprophesiedforyears,thetechnologyisboundtooutwitthefalliblehuman.Whatteacherorprofessorcanpossiblypolicearoomfullofdeterminedgoof-offs(游手好闲者)whilealsodeliveringanengaginglesson?

Directions:Readthefollowingpassage,andthentranslatetheunderlinedpartsnumberedfrom(1)to(4),fromEnglishintoChinese.PleasewriteyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

【答案】（1）去年秋季，罗诺克学院的市场调研课业已过半。一天，阿里•纳齐米教授宣布课堂上对手机实行零容忍的政策。话音刚落，他就听到了手机的铃声。

（2）我们需要明白的一点是，课堂上的这段插曲事先经过策划并被写成剧本。尼尔•诺兰德始终介入了这个秘密计划。被砸的是他母亲闲置的一部手机，手机的服