考研考博-英语-广东海洋大学寸金学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-广东海洋大学寸金学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Brunner’s______tobecomethesecondwomanevertoholdCabinetrankwasscuttledbytheoverwhelminglymaleparliament,apparentlybecauseofsexualpolitics.

问题1选项

A.bet

B.hit

C.bid

D.bat

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项bet“打赌；与（某人）以钱打赌；（非正式）敢说”；B选项hit“打击；袭击；碰撞；偶然发现；伤……的感情”；C选项bid“出价；叫牌；向……表示问候；（诗、文）命令；邀请；努力争取，企图获得；告诉，吩咐”；D选项bat“用球棒击球；击球率达……；轮到击球”。句意：布伦纳想成为史上第二位女性内阁成员的努力被男性占多数的议会挫败，显然是因为性政治。因此C选项正确。

2.单选题

ThereasonHollywoodisanaturalplaceformakingmoviesis（

）thesunshinesthereeveryday.

问题1选项

A.why

B.which

C.that

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】句意:好莱坞作为电影制作自然之地的原因在于那里每天都有太阳照射。

语法题。考查从句的连接词。分析句子结构可知空格引导表语从句,而且该引导词不在表语从句中作任何成分,故C正确。

3.单选题

Einstein'sspecialTheoryofRelativityisquite（）me.

问题1选项

A.outof

B.beyond

C.from

D.over

【答案】B

【解析】句意：爱因斯坦的相对论超出了我的能力范围。beyondsb.

指超出某人的能力,

非某人力所能及,

所以选项B更符合句意。

4.单选题

Thecouplehasdonatedanot（）amountofmoneytothefoundation.

问题1选项

A.inconsiderable

B.inconsiderate

C.inaccurate

D.incomparable

【答案】A

【解析】句意:这对夫妇为这个基金会己经捐献了不少钱。

考查形容词辨析。inconsiderable小的,不値得考虑的,微不足道的；inconsiderate轻率的,不顾别人的;inaccurate不精确的,不准确的；incomparable无可匹敌的,不能比较的。故A符合句意。

5.翻译题

Simplicityistheoutwardsignandsymbolofdepthofthought.Itseemstomesimplicityisaboutthemostdifficultthingtoachieveinscholarshipandwriting.Howdifficultisclarityofthought,andyetitisonlyasthoughtbecomesclearthatsimplicityispossible.Whenweseeawriterbelaboringandideawemaybesurethattheideaisbelaboringhim.Thisisprovedbythegeneralfactthatthelecturesofayoungcollegeassistantinstructor,freshlygraduatedwithhighhonors,aregenerallyabstruseandinvolved,andthetruesimplicityofthoughtandeaseofexpressionaretobefoundonlyinthewordsoftheolderprofessors.

Simplicitypresupposesdigestionandalsomaturity:aswegrowolder,ourthoughtsbecomeclearer,insignificantandperhapsfalseaspectsofaquestionarecutoffandceasetodisturbus,ideastakeonmoredefiniteshapesandlongtrainsofthoughtgraduallyshapethemselvesintoaconvenientformulawhichsuggestsitselftousonefinemorning,andwearriveatthattrueluminosityofknowledgewhichiscalledwisdom.Thereisnolongersenseofeffort,andtruthbecomessimpletounderstandbecauseitbecomesclear.

【答案】简朴是思想深度的外在标志和象征。在我看来，简朴是在学术和写作中最难做到的事情。思想清晰是很难的，然而只有当思想变得清晰时，简朴才会实现。当我们看到一个作家绞尽脑汁的时候，或许这个想法正在折磨他。这一观点通常被如下事实所证明：一个刚毕业的高材生做了学校的助教，他写出的文章通常深奥难懂，而只有老教授才能有简明的思想和简易的表达。

简朴意味着领悟和成熟。随着年龄的增长，我们的思想会变得更清晰，无用或者错误的东西将不会困扰我们。思想更明确，而且经过长期的训练，我们的思想逐渐形成了它自己简明的模式，这暗示了思想清晰的开始。届时，我们的思想达到了真正的高度，这就叫“智慧”。于是，真理变得简单，而且理解不费力，因为它变得更清晰了。

6.单选题

Theteachersuggestedthatherstudents（）experienceswithESP.

问题1选项

A.writeacompositionontheir

B.towritecompositionaboutthe

C.wrotesomecompositionsofhisorher

D.hadwrittenanycompositionsforhis考查虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令相关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气。其形式是should（可以省略）+动词原形。句意：老师建议她的学生写一篇关于他们有关ESP经历的作文。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

【答案】A

【解析】考查虚拟语气。表示建议、要求、命令相关的单词+that引导的宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气。其形式是should（可以省略）+动词原形。句意：老师建议她的学生写一篇关于他们有关ESP经历的作文。所以本题的正确答案是A选项。

7.单选题

Large,multinationalcorporationsmaybethecompanieswhoseupsanddownsseizeheadlines.ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories.Smallbusinesses,definedasthosewithfewerthan100workers,nowemploynearly60percentoftheworkforceandareexpectedtogeneratehalfofallnewjobsbetweennowandtheyear2000.Some1.2millionsmallfirmshaveopenedtheirdoorsoverthepastsixyearsofeconomicgrowth,and1989willseeanadditional200,000entrepreneursstrikingoffontheirown.

Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared.Idealistswilloverestimatetheclamorfortheirproductsorfailtofactorinthecompetition.Nearlyeveryonewillunderestimate,oftenfatally,thecapitalthatsuccessrequires.Midcareerexecutives,forcedbyatakeoverorarestructuringtoquitthecorporationandfindanotherwaytosupportthemselves,maysavortheideaofbeingtheirownbossbutmayforgetthatentrepreneursmustalso,atleastforawhile,bebookkeeperandreceptionist,too.AccordingtoSmallBusinessAdministrationdata,24ofevery100businessesstartingouttodayarelikelytohavedisappearedintwoyears,and27morewillhaveshuttheirdoorsfouryearsfromnow.By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded.Anewstudyof3,000smallbusinesses,sponsoredbyAmericanExpressandtheNationalFederationofIndependentBusiness,suggestsslightlybetterodds:Threeyearsafterstart-up,77percentofthecompaniessurveyedwerestillalive.Mostcreditedtheirsuccessinlargeparttohavingpickedabusinesstheyalreadywerecomfortablein.Eightypercenthadworkedwiththesameproductorserviceintheirlastjobs.

Thinkingthroughanenterprisebeforethelaunchisobviouslycritical.Butmanyentrepreneursforgetthatafirm’shealthinitsinfancymaybelittleindicationofhowwellitwillage.Youmusttenderlymonitoritspulse.Intheirzealtoexpand,small-businessownersoftenignoreearlywarningsignsofastagnantmarketorofdecayingprofitability.Theyhopefullypourmoreandmoremoneyintotheenterprise,preferringnottoacknowledgeerodingprofitmarginsthatmeanthemarketfortheiringeniousserviceorproducthasevaporated,orthattheymustcutthepayrollorvacatetheirlavishoffices.Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave.

Frequentchecksofyourfirm’svitalsignswillalsoguideyoutoasensiblerateofgrowth.Tosnatchopportunity,youmustspotthesignalsthatitistimetoconquernewmarkets,addproductsorperhapsfranchiseyourhotidea.

1.Accordingtothepassage,acountry’seconomyisprobablydecidedby（

）.

2.Inordertosucceedinabusiness,theentrepreneurshould

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsaboutsmallbusinessisnottrue?

4.Whatdoesthelastsentenceinthe3rdparagraphmeanaccordingtothepassage?

5.What’sthemainideaofthispassage?

问题1选项

A.theprosperityanddeclineofthetransnationalcorporations

B.theriseandfallofthemarketsandproductsaswellascapital

C.thefateofthesmallbusinessessuchassmallplantsandrestaurants

D.theeconomicincreaseanddecreaseofthelargecompanies

问题2选项

A.getverywellpreparedforhisnewbusiness

B.chooseabusinesshe’salreadyfamiliarwith

C.examinethecompany’scrucialsignsnowandthen

D.investasmuchaspossibleintohisenterprise

问题3选项

A.Ithelpseffectivelytofightunemployment.

B.Theearlieritstarts,thesooneritcollapses.

C.There’sgoodomenforsmallbusinessaccordingtoasurvey.

D.Somesmallbusinessownersareblindtoearlypremonitionoffailure.

问题4选项

A.Thepatientisseriouslyillbecauseoflackofwaterinthewell.

B.Thepatientcanbesavedifhehasenoughmoneytosolvethefinancialproblem.

C.It’stoolateforsmallbusinessownerstorealizethegravityoftheproblembecausetheyhaveuseduptheirmoney.

D.It’surgentforsmallbusinessownerstopouralltheirmoneyintotheenterprisetorevitalizetheirbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Howtobecomeawinnerinsmallbusiness?

B.Howtobeasuccessfulbossinamultinationalcorporation?

C.Howtodealwiththeupsanddownsinsmallbusiness?

D.Howtoconquernewmarketsandgainthelargestprofit?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。题目问的是“根据文章可知一个国家的经济可能由什么决定？”文章第一段第二句话提到“但是远远超过大多数美国人了解的是美国的经济活力靠的是小商店、饭店、居民服务和工厂”（ButtoafargreaterextentthanmostAmericansrealize,theeconomy’svitalitydependsonthefortunesoftinyshopsandrestaurants,neighborhoodservicesandfactories），选项C符合题意。

第2题:推理判断题。题目问的是“为了能成功，企业应该怎么做？”文章第二段第一句话提到“大多数先锋企业因为没有前期准备进行开拓进取”（Toomanyofthesepioneers,however,willblazeaheadunprepared），接着又提到“到1995年，60%的这些企业倒闭”（By1995,morethan60ofthose100start-upswillhavefolded），说明没做好准备的企业坚持不了很长时间，而要想成功，必须做好准备，选项A“为自己的新生意做好十足准备”符合题意。

第3题:细节事实题。题目问的是“下列关于对小企业的描述哪个是错误的？”文章第二段提到60%的先锋企业倒闭是因为没有做好准备，并不是因为它们开始得早，所以选项B“开始得越早，倒闭得越快”符合题意。

第4题:推理判断题。题目问的是“第三段最后一句话的意思是什么？”文章第三段最后一句话提到“只有当资金源泉干涸时，他们才看到问题的严重性，而那个时候，这个病人（即小企业）已经无药可救了”（Onlywhenthefinancialwellrunsdrydotheyseetheseriousnessoftheillness,andbythenthepatientisusuallytoofargonetosave），因此选项C“小企业老板用光了钱之后才意识到问题，但是已经为时已晚”符合题意。

第5题:主旨大意题。题目问的是“这篇文章的中心思想是什么？”文章主要讲述了小企业如何建立、又如何因为没有提前意识到问题而破产、如何成功发展小企业等问题，选项A“如何在小企业中成为胜利者”符合题意。

8.单选题

Thehealth-careeconomyisrepletewithunusualandevenuniqueeconomicrelationships.Oneoftheleastunderstoodinvolvesthepeculiarrolesofproduceror"provider"andpurchaseror"consumer"inthetypicaldoctor-patientrelationship.Inmostsectorsoftheeconomy,itisthesellerwhoattemptstoattractapotentialbuyerwithvariousinducementsofprice,quality,andutility,anditisthebuyerwhomakesthedecision.Wherecircumstancespermitthebuyernochoicebecausethereiseffectivelyonlyonesellerandtheproductisrelativelyessential,governmentusuallyassertsmonopolyandplacestheindustryunderpriceandotherregulations.Neitheroftheseconditionsprevailsinmostofthehealth-careindustry.

Inthehealth-careindustry,thedoctor-patientrelationshipisthemirrorimageoftheordinaryrelationshipbetweenproducerandconsumer.Onceanindividualhaschosentoseeaphysician一andeventhentheremaybenorealchoice—itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesday,”whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.Itisarareandsophisticatedpatientwhowillchallengesuchprofessionaldecisionsorraiseinadvancequestionsaboutprice,especiallywhentheailmentisregardedasserious.

Thisisparticularlysignificantinrelationtohospitalcare.Thephysicianmustcertifytheneedforhospitalization,determinewhatprocedureswillbeperformed,andannouncewhenthepatientmaybedischarged.Thepatientmaybeconsultedaboutsomeofthesedecisions,butinthemainitisthedoctor’sjudgmentsthatarefinal.Littlewonderthenthatintheeyesofthehospitalitisthephysicianwhoisthereal“consumer”.Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter'*inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.

Althoughusuallythereareinthissituationfouridentifiableparticipants—thephysician,thehospital,thepatient,andthepayer(generallyaninsurancecarrierorgovernment)—thephysicianmakestheessentialdecisionsforallofthem.Thehospitalbecomesanextensionofthephysician;thepayergenerallymeetsmostofthebonafidebillsgeneratedbythephysician/hospital;andforthemostpartthepatientplaysapassiverole.Inroutineorminorillnesses,orjustplainworries,thepatient’soptionsare,ofcourse,muchgreaterwithrespecttouseandprice.Inillnessesthatareofsomesignificance,however,suchchoicestendtoevaporate,anditisfortheseillnessesthatthebulkofthehealth-caredollarisspent.Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.

1.Theauthor’sprimarypurposeisto（

）.

2.Itcanbeinferredthatdoctorsareabletodeterminehospitalpoliciesbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtotheauthor,whenadoctortellsapatientto"returnnextWednesday",thedoctorisineffect（

）.

4.Theauthorismostprobablyleadingupto（）.

5.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

问题1选项

A.urgehospitalstoreclaimtheirdecision-makingauthority

B.criticizedoctorsforexercisingtoomuchcontroloverpatients

C.analyzesomeimportanteconomicfactorsinhealthcare

D.speculateabouttherelationshipbetweenapatient'sabilitytopayandthetreatmentreceived

问题2选项

A.itisdoctorswhogenerateincomeforthehospital

B.mostofapatient'sbillsarepaidbyhishealthinsurance

C.adoctorisultimatelyresponsibleforapatient’shealth

D.hospitaladministratorslacktheexpertisetoquestionmedicaldecisions

问题3选项

A.advisingthepatienttoseekasecondopinion

B.instructingthepatienttobuymoremedicalservices

C.takingadvantageofthepatient'sconcernforhishealth

D.warningthepatientthat.ahospitalstaymightbenecessary

问题4选项

A.aproposaltocontrolmedicalcosts

B.adiscussionofanewmedicaltreatment

C.ananalysisofthecausesofinflationintheUnitedStates

D.astudyoflawsuitsagainstdoctorsformalpractice

问题5选项

A.cautious

B.defiant

C.inquisitive

D.analytical

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】1.A项意为“为了敦促医院收回他们的决策权力”；B项意为“批判医生太多控制病人”；C项意为“为了分析在健康医疗中的一些重要的经济因素”；D项意为“猜测病人支付的能力和接受的治疗之间的关系”。文章从第一段开始引入经济关系中的“提供者”与“消费者”之间的关系，然后引出医疗健康中的医患关系，到后面讲述医生在医院的经济中拥有绝对的‘权利’；所以文章是分析了economicrelationship即医患关系中的经济因素，选项C符合题意。

2.由第二段中itisthephysicianwhousuallymakesallsignificantpurchasingdecisions:whetherthepatientshouldreturn“nextWednesdav，’’whetherX-raysareneeded,whetherdrugsshouldbeprescribed,etc.通常是由医生来决定病人什么时候来复诊、是否需要照X光以及需要哪种药，而病人是无法也不会去质疑医生的决定的；再由第三段最后Asaconsequence,themedicalstaffrepresentsthe"powercenter"inhospitalpolicyanddecision-making,nottheadministration.因此，在医院的政策和决策中，医务人员代表的是“权力中心”，而不是行政部门。确定A选项正确。

3.A选项意为：建议病人寻找第二意见；B选项意为：指导病人买更多的医疗服务；C选项意为：利用病人对自己健康的关心；D选项意为：警告病人住院时很有必要的。文章从一开始在分析医患关系，提到医生和病人之间的关系就是经济中的生产者与消费者之间的关系的一个缩影，医生在医患关系中占主导地位，而医生对于医院的经济起到重要的作用，因此作者更倾向医生这么做是为了让病人花费更多的钱来达到自己的经济利益，故应选B项更符合作者的看法；此处C项是一个干扰项，不可否认医生也是为了病人的健康考虑所以会安排复诊，但是作者在本文中更多的是揭露医患之间的经济关系，故应选B。

4.题目的意思是：根据作者的说法，当医生告诉病人“下周三再来”时，医生实际是说……A项意为“控制医疗成本的一项提议”；B项意为“对一种新的医学治疗的一次讨论”C项意为“对美国通货膨胀原因的分析”；D项意为“针对医生的玩忽职守诉讼的研究”。文章主要是以医患关系中医生作为主导这一论点开展的，在文章的最后也提到Weestimatethatabout75-80percentofhealth-careexpendituresaredeterminedbyphysicians,notpatients.Forthisreason,economymeasuresdirectedatpatientsorthegeneralpublicisrelativelyineffective.70-80%的医疗开支都是由医务人员决定的，而不是病人。正因为这个原因，针对病人或者大众的经济措施是相对无效的。所以A选项“控制医疗成本的一项提议”正确。

5.A选项“谨慎的”；B选项“蔑视的"；C选项“好奇的”；D选项“分析的”。作者一开始阐述了经济关系中的两大主体生产者和消费者，然后进一步提到了医患关系是这一经济关系的缩影，从而揭露出医生在医疗经济中占有绝对的主导地位，最后再给予建议，因此这篇文章主要是针对社会现象的本质的分析性文章，D选项正确。

9.单选题

Heneverexertshimselftoaidthosetryingto（

）adifficultsituation.

问题1选项

A.rectify

B.modify

C.solidify

D.verify

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。rectify“改正”；modify“修改；更改”;solidify“团结；凝固”；verify“核实；查证”。句意：他从不帮助那些试图矫正困境的人。选项A符合题意。

10.单选题

Itissaidinsomepartsoftheworld,goats,ratherthancows,serveasavital（

）ofmilk.

问题1选项

A.storage

B.source

C.reserve

D.resource

【答案】B

【解析】句意:据说，在世界上某些地方，牛奶的重要来源是山羊，而不是奶牛。

名词辨析。Storage存储，仓库;source来源;reserve储备，储存;resource资源，财力。因此B符合句意。

11.单选题

Hefearsthismonth'sincreasedviolencemayharmKenya'svitaltouristindustry,muchofwhichcenterson_______toseeitsexoticanimals.

问题1选项

A.sahib

B.shamble

C.severity

D.safaris

【答案】D

【解析】sahib先生,阁下,大人;shamble蹒跚,摇晃的脚步;severity严肃,严重;safari旅行,狩猎远征,旅行队。句意：他担心这个月暴力事件的增加可能会损害肯尼亚至关重要的旅游业,肯尼亚的旅游业主要是以在旅行中观赏野生动物为主。选项D符合句意。

12.翻译题

如果把电压加到电路的两端，在电路中就会有电流流动。

【答案】Ifthevoltageisappliedtobothendsofthecircuit,therewillbecurrentflowinthecircuit.

13.单选题

Underthe（

）ofProfessorRoberts,the900delegatesassessedanddiscussedthesocialmarketeconomy.

问题1选项

A.custodian

B.alienation

C.tutelage

D.help

【答案】C

【解析】custodian管理人，监护人；alienation异化，疏远；tutelage指导。句意：在Roberts教授的指导下，900名代表对社会市场经济进行了评估和讨论。选项C更符合语境。

14.单选题

Thoughsometimes（）alltoooftentechnologyisseenasapanaceaforthegreateconomic,social,andpoliticalchallengesfacingthenationasitembarksonthepathofmodernization.

问题1选项

A.expensive

B.effective

C.ignored

D.calamitous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析。句意：尽管技术有时（），但常常被视为应对高速经济发展和现代化道路中面临

的政治挑战的灵丹妙药。expensive昂贵的；effective有效的；ignored被忽视的；calamitous灾难的。因此，C项符合句意。

15.单选题

Thisdocumentis（

）unlessitisofficiallystamped.

问题1选项

A.invalid

B.acute

C.deliberate

D.confidential

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。invalid“无效的”；acute“严重的”；deliberate“故意的”；confidential“机密的，保密的”。句意：这份文件除非有官方盖章，否则就是无效的。由后半句unless…这个条件可知A项正确。

16.单选题

______theclaimaboutGermaneconomicmight,itissomewhatsurprisinghowrelativelysmalltheGermaneconomyactuallyis.

问题1选项

A.Togive

B.Given

C.Giving

D.Havinggiven

【答案】B

【解析】考查given的用法。A项togive不定式；B项given过去分词作介词放句首，表“考虑到”；C项giving现在分词；D项havinggiven现在完成时；句意：考虑到有关德国经济实力的说法，德国经济实际上是相对较小的，这多少有些令人惊讶。因此该题B项正确。

17.填空题

ThecompanythatIwork（1）hasjust（2）thatitisopeningnewstoresinthefive（3）citiesinIndia.

【答案】1.for;

2.announced;

3.biggest

【解析】1.固定搭配。thatIwork为定语从句修饰先行词Thecompany,因此填介词for合适,workfor为…效力。

2.语义题。第二空应填入一个谓语动词,而且由空前的hasjust推测应填谓语动词的过去分词,宾语是that引导的从句。故announced“宣布”合适。

3.语义题。第三空应为形容词修饰cities，故填biggest。thefivebiggestcitiesinIndia印度最大的五个城市。

18.单选题

Theboyhaslearnedfromfairystoriesthatwhatatfirstseemsa（）,threateningfigurecanmagicallychangeintoamosthelpfulfriend.

问题1选项

A.benevolent

B.repulsive

C.compulsive

D.imperative

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。benevolent“仁慈的，慈善的”；repulsive“令人厌恶的，冷淡的”；compulsive“强制的，强迫的”；imperative“必要的，紧要的”。句意：男孩从童话故事里知道那些第一眼看起来令人厌恶的并且危险的人物会魔法般地变成一个最有用的朋友。选项B符合题意。

19.单选题

Theambassadorwasaccusedofhaving（）ondomesticaffairs.

问题1选项

A.trespassed

B.encroached

C.entrenched

D.invaded

【答案】B

【解析】近义词词义辨析。trespass“非法入侵，法律上的入侵”，encroach“蚕食，侵占”，entrench“侵犯，挖掘壕沟”，invade“侵略，侵袭”。句意：这个大使被指控干涉别国的内政。有侵犯别国权利意思的单词是encroach，选项B符合题意。

20.单选题

（

）foundfour-leafcloverisconsideredaluckysign.

问题1选项

A.Itisrarely

B.Rarely

C.Therarely

D.Despiteitsbeingrarely

【答案】C

【解析】考查定冠词的用法。句意：罕见的四叶草被认为是幸运的象征。定冠词the放在单数名词前表示某一类事物。

21.单选题

Ithasbeenshownthatchildrenwhosmokehavecertaincharacteristics.Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious,theirworkdeteriorates(变坏)astheymoveupschool,theyaremorelikelytoleaveschoolearly,andaremoreoftendelinquent(犯法的)andsexuallyprecocious(早熟).Manyofthesefeaturescanbesummarizedasanticipationofadulthood.

Thereareanumberoffactorswhichdeterminetheonsetofsmoking,andthesearelargelypsychologicalandsocial.Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood,socialconfidence,theexampleofparentsandteachers,andsmokingbyfriendsandolderbrothersandsisters.

Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises(大楼及附属建筑物).ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporal(肉体的)punishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.Nevertheless,banningsmokingisprobablyonbalancebeneficial.Teacherstooshouldnotsmokeonschoolpremises,atleastnotinfrontofchildren.

1.Inthispassagetheauthorputsanemphasison______.

2.Whichofthefollowingisacommoncharacteristicofyoungsmokers?

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thewriterconcludesthatschoolrulestoforbidsmoking______.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardshiswritingis______.

问题1选项

A.theeffectofsmokingamongchildren

B.thedifficultyinpreventingchildrenfromsmoking

C.thereasonswhychildrenstartsmokingamongchildren

D.themeasurestobansmokingamongchildren

问题2选项

A.Disobedience.

B.Laziness.

C.Lackofintelligence.

D.Vanity.

问题3选项

A.Somechildrenstarttosmokeoutofcuriosity.

B.Manychildrenstarttosmokebecausetheywanttoappearmature.

C.Inordertohavefewerchildrensmokers,parents,teachersandhealthcareworkersshouldnotsmoke.

D.Itisnotasdifficulttopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokeastodissuadeadultsfromsmoking.

问题4选项

A.shouldbeintroduced,foritreallyworksattheschoolwhereheoncestudied

B.shouldnotbeintroduced,foritmaycausedisturbance

C.shouldbeintroducedthoughitmaynotworkeffectively

D.needn’tbeintroducedaslongasteachersdon’tsmokeinfrontofchildren

问题5选项

A.objective

B.emotional

C.critical

D.indifferent

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章开头介绍了吸烟儿童的特点，接着介绍了导致儿童吸烟的因素，最后指出防止儿童吸烟非常困难，需要各界做出许多努力，结合全文可知文章的重点应该是放在防止儿童吸烟的困难上的。因此B选项“防止儿童吸烟的困难”正确。A选项“儿童吸烟的影响”，C选项“儿童开始吸烟的原因”，D选项“禁止儿童吸烟的措施”均不是文章的重点，需要A,C,D错误。

2.客观细节题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段第二句Comparedwithnon-smokerstheyaremorerebellious（与不吸烟的人相比，他们更叛逆），说明吸烟的儿童更叛逆，更不听话。因此A选项“不听话”正确。B选项“懒惰”，C选项“缺少智慧”，D选项“虚荣”在文中均没有提及，所以B,C,D错误。

3.客观细节题。A选项“有些孩子开始吸烟是出于好奇心”，B选项“许多孩子开始吸烟是因为他们想显得成熟”，由原文Theyincludeavailabilityofcigarettes,curiosity,rebelliousness,appearingtough,anticipationofadulthood（这些因素包括是否有香烟、好奇心、叛逆、显得强硬、对成年的期待）可知，好奇心和想显得成熟属于儿童吸烟的原因，A,B选项表述正确，排除A,B。C选项“为了让更少的儿童吸烟，父母、教师和卫生保健人员不应该吸烟”，由原文Theexamplesetbypeopleinauthority,especiallyparents,healthcareworkers,andteachers,isofprimeimportance.（权威人士，特别是父母、卫生保健工作者和教师树立的榜样至关重要。）可知，C选项表述正确，排除C。D选项“防止儿童开始吸烟并不像劝阻成人吸烟那样困难”，由原文Itshouldbemucheasiertopreventchildrenfromstartingtosmokethantopersuadeadultstogiveupthehabitonceestablished,butinfactthishasprovedverydifficult.（防止儿童开始吸烟应该比说服成年人戒掉吸烟的习惯要容易得多，但事实证明这是非常困难的。）可知，防止儿童开始吸烟比劝阻成年人吸烟更困难，D选项不符合原文，所以本题选D。

4.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段第三、四句Schoolrulesshouldforbidsmokingbychildrenonthepremises.ThisrulehasbeenintroducedatSummerHillSchoolwhereIspentmyrules,andeveninthoseschoolswhichhavetriedtoenforcenosmokingbycorporalpunishmentthereisasmuchsmokingasinotherschools.（校规应该禁止儿童在校内吸烟。这条规定已被引入夏山学校，在那里我推行了我的规定，甚至在那些试图通过体罚来强制禁止吸烟的学校，吸烟的人数也和其他学校一样多。），说明禁止吸烟的校规可能作用不大，但作者还是坚持引入这条规定。因此C选项“应该引入，尽管它可能不会有效地发挥作用”正确。A选项“应该实行，因为这在他曾经就读的学校里确实有效”，B选项“不应该实行，因为它可能会引起骚乱”，D选项“只要教师不在孩子面前吸烟，就不需要引入”在文中均没有提及，所以A,B,D错误。

5.观点态度题。结合全文可知，文章客观分析了吸烟儿童的特点、原因，和为了防止儿童吸烟可以采取的措施，整篇文章的态度是客观的，不带有主观褒贬或个人感情色彩。因此A选项“客观的”正确。B选项“感性的”，C选项“批判的”，D选项“无动于衷的”均不符合题意，所以B,C,D错误。

22.单选题

（）touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.

问题1选项

A.Mostis

B.Itmostlyis

C.Isitmost

D.Whatismost

【答案】D

【解析】考查主语从句。what引导的名词性从句作主语，所以选项D正确。句意：在欧亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人为维护自己的尊严而斗争的英勇行为。

23.单选题

Whilesomebusinessexecutivesrepeatedtheirobjectionstothenewsmokingrestrictions,otherssaidtheywantedmoretimeto（

）theimpactoftoday'sdecision.

问题1选项

A.attest

B.obtain

C.affect

D.weigh

【答案】D

【解析】句意:一些企业经管人员对新的吸烟限制条件表示反对，另外一部分人表示需要更多的时间去权衡如今决定的影响。

考查动词辨析。Attest证明,证实;obtain获得;affect影响,感染,感动;weigh权衡,考虑,称重量。故D符合句意。

24.不定项选择题

Itisoftenclaimedthatnuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.Weliveinaconsumersocietywherethereisanenormousdemandforcommercialproductsofallkinds.Moreover,anincreaseinindustrialproductionisconsideredtobeonesolutiontotheproblemofmassunemployment.Suchanincreasepresumesanabundantandcheapenergysupply.Manypeoplebelievethatnuclearenergyprovidesaninexhaustibleandeconomicalsourceofpowerandchatitisthereforeessentialforanindustriallydevelopingsociety.Thereareanumberofotheradvantagesintheuseofnuclearenergy.Firstly,nuclearpower,exceptforaccidents,isclean.Afurtheradvantageisthatanuclearpowerstationcanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff.Thenuclearreactorrepresentsanenormousstepinourscientificevolutionand,whatevertheanti-nucleargroupsays,itiswrongtoexpectareturntomoreprimitivesourcesoffuel.However,opponentsofnuclearenergypointoutthatnuclearpowerstationsbringadirectthreatnotonlytotheenvironmentbutalsotocivilliberties.

Furthermore,itisquestionablewhetherultimatelynuclearpowerisacheapsourceofenergy.Therehave,forexample,beenverycostlyaccidentsinAmerica,inBritainand,ofcourse,inRussia.Thepossibilityofincreasesinthecostofuraniuminadditiontothecostofgreatersafetyprovisionscouldpricenuclearpoweroutofthemarket.Inthelongrun,environmentalistsargue,nuclearenergywastesvaluableresourcesanddisturbstheecologytoanextentwhichcouldbringaboutthedestructionofthehumanrace.Thus,ifwewishtosurvive,wecannotaffordnuclearenergy.Inspiteofthecaseagainstnuclearenergyoutlinedabove,nuclearenergyprogramsareexpanding.Suchanexpansionassumesacontinualgrowthinindustrialproductionandconsumerdemands.However,itisdoubtfulwhetherthisgrowthwillorcancontinue.Havingweigheduptheargumentsonbothsides,itseemstherearegoodeconomicandecologicalreasonsforsourcesofenergyotherthannuclearpower.

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.

2.Accordingtotheopponentsofnuclearenergy,whichofthefollowingisTRUEofnuclearenergy?

3.Somepeopleclaimthatnuclearenergyisessentialbecause______.

4.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthewritersupport?

5.Thefunctionofthelastsentenceisto______.

问题1选项

A.indifferent

B.favorable

C.tolerant

D.negative

问题2选项

A.Primitive.

B.Exhaustible.

C.Cheap.

D.Unsafe.

问题3选项

A.itprovidesaperfectsolutiontomassunemployment

B.itrepresentsanenormousstepforwardinourscientificevolution

C.itcanmeetthegrowingdemandofanindustriallydevelopingsociety

D.nuclearpowerstationscanberunandmaintainedbyrelativelyfewtechnicalandadministrativestaff

问题4选项

A.Thedemandforcommercialproductswillnotnecessarilykeepincreasing.

B.Nuclearenergyissomethingwecannotdowithout.

C.Uraniumisagoodsourceofenergyforeconomicandecologicalreasons.

D.Greatersafetyprovisionscanbringabouttheexpansionofnuclearenergyprograms.

问题5选项

A.advancethefinalargument

B.reflectthewriter’sattitude

C.reversepreviouslyexpressedthoughts

D.showthedisadvantagesofnuclearpower

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.【选项释义】

1.Thewriter’sattitudetowardnuclearenergyis______.1.作者对核能的态度是______。

A.indifferentA.漠不关心的

B.favorableB.支持的

C.tolerantC.宽容的

D.negativeD.否定的

【考查点】观点态度题。

【解题思路】根据第二段首句“此外，核能最终是否是一种廉价的能源也是个问题”，和最后一句“权衡双方的论点后，似乎有充分的经济和生态理由采用核能以外的能源”可知，作者主张利用其他能源，而不是核能，从中可以看出作者对核能持否定的态度，该题选择D项“否定的”符合题意。

【干扰项排除】A项“漠不关心的”、B项