考研考博-英语-无锡商业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-无锡商业职业技术学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Imagineeatingeverythingdeliciousyouwantwithnoneofthefat.Thatwouldbegreat,wouldn'tit?

New“fakefat”productsappearedonstoreshelvesintheUnitedStatesrecently,butnoteveryoneishappyaboutit.Makersoftheproducts,whichcontainacompoundcalledolestra,sayfoodmanufacturerscannoweliminatefatfromcertainfoods,Critics,however,saythatthenewcompoundcanrobthebodyofessentialvitaminsandnutrientsandcanalsocauseunpleasantsideeffectsinsomepeople.Soitisuptoconsumerstodecidewhetherthenewfat-freeproductstastegoodenoughtokeepeating.

Chemistsdiscoveredolestrainthelate1960s,whentheyweresearchingforafatthatcouldbedigestedbyinfantsmoreeasily.Insteadoffindingthedesiredfat,theresearcherscreatedafatthatcan'tbedigestedatall.

Normally,specialchemicalsintheintestines“grab”moleculesofregularfatandbreakthemdownsotheycanbeusedbythebody.Amoleculeofregularfatismadeupofthreemoleculesofsubstancescalledfattyacids.

ThefattyacidsareabsorbedbytheintestinesandbringwiththemtheessentialvitaminsA,D,EandK.Whenfatmoleculesarepresentintheintestineswithanyofthosevitamins,thevitaminsattachtothemoleculesandarecarriedintothebloodstream.

Olestra,whichismadefromsixtoeightmoleculesoffattyacids,istoolargefortheintestinestoabsorb.Itjustslidesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingbrokendown.Manufacturerssayit'sthatabilitytoslideunchangedthroughtheintestinesthatmakesolestrasovaluableasafatsubstitute.Itprovidesconsumerswiththetasteofregularfatwithoutanybadeffectsonthebody.ButcriticssayolestracanpreventvitaminsA,D,E,andKfrombeingabsorbed.Itcanalsopreventtheabsorptionofcarotenoids,compoundsthatmayreducetheriskofcancer,heartdisease,etc.

ManufacturersareaddingvitaminsA,D,EandKaswellascarotenoidstotheirproductsnow.Evenso,somenutritionistsarestillconcernedthatpeoplemighteatunlimitedamountsoffoodmadewiththefatsubstitutewithoutworryingabouthowmanycaloriestheyareconsuming.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethatolestraisasubstancethat（）

2.Theresultofthesearchforaneasilydigestiblefatturnedouttobe（）

3.Olestraisdifferentfromordinaryfatsinthat?

4.Whatisapossibleeffectofolestraaccordingtosomecritics?

5.Whyarenutritionistsconcernedaboutaddingvitaminstoolestra?

问题1选项

A.containsplentyofnutrients

B.rendersfoodscalorie-freewhileretainingtheirvitamins

C.makesfoodseasilydigestible

D.makesfoodsfat-freewhilekeepingthemdelicious

问题2选项

A.commerciallyuseless

B.justasanticipated

C.somewhatcontroversial

D.quiteunexpected

问题3选项

A.itpassesthroughtheintestineswithoutbeingabsorbed

B.itfacilitatestheabsorptionofvitaminsbythebody

C.ithelpsreducetheincidenceofheartdisease

D.itpreventsexcessiveintakeofvitamins

问题4选项

A.Itmayimpairthedigestivesystem.

B.Itmayaffecttheoverallfatintake.

C.Itmayincreasetheriskofcancer.

D.Itmayspoiltheconsumers'appetite.

问题5选项

A.Itmayleadtotheover-consumptionofvitamins.

B.Peoplemaybeinducedtoeatmorethanisnecessary.

C.Thefunctionoftheintestinesmaybeweakened.

D.Itmaytriggeranewwaveoffakefoodproduction.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据关键词“olestra”定位到第二段，根据第二段的内容可知，olestra是一种零脂肪但是没有维生素和营养的化合物。所以排除选项A和B，第三段的最后一句提到科学家创造的olestra根本无法消化，所以选项C错误，第二段的最后一句可证实选项D的正确性。

第2题:根据第三段，研究人员没有找到所需的脂肪，而是创造了一种根本无法消化的脂肪。这种结果是出人意料的。所以选项D正确。

第3题:根据第四段和第六段的内容可知，普通的脂肪分子可以在肠道里被分解和吸收，但是Olestra由6到8个分子的脂肪酸组成，太大了，肠道无法吸收。所以选项A正确。

第4题:根据第六段的最后两句“Butcriticssay...heartdisease,etc.”批评人士说，olestra可以阻止维生素A、D、E和K被吸收。它还可以阻止类胡萝卜素的吸收，类胡萝卜素是一种化合物，可以降低患癌症、心脏病等疾病的风险。由此推断，会增加患癌的风险，选项C正确。

第5题:根据最后一段的最后一句“peoplemighteat...areconsuming.”人们可能会吃无限量的脂肪替代品制成的食物，而不管他们消耗了多少卡路里。所以选项D人们可能被诱导吃更多不必要的olestra正确。

2.单选题

Thegovernmenthasdevotedalargersliceofitsnational（）toagriculturethanmostothercountries.

问题1选项

A.resources

B.potential

C.budget

D.economy

【答案】C

【解析】句意:相比大多数其它国家，这个政府将其较大部分的预算用于农业发展。

考查名词辨析。resources资源，财力，才智;potential潜能，可能性，电势；budget预算，预算费；economy经济，节约。因此C符合。

3.单选题

Salaryincreasesareusefultoretainandemployees,and（

）arealsoamethodofrecognizingtheemployee'scontributiontoacompany.

问题1选项

A.motivate

B.modulate

C.multiply

D.mobilize

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项motivate表示“刺激，激励，促进”；B选项modulate表示“调节，调整”；C选项multiply表示“乘，繁殖，增加”；D选项mobilize表示“动员，集合，组织”。

由句意可知，涨工资有利于保持和激发员工积极性，同时也是对员工贡献的认可。因此，motivate的词义最符合句意，故本题正确答案为A选项。

4.单选题

Mr.Smithaskedhissecretaryto（）anewparagraphintheannualreportshewastyping.

问题1选项

A.invade

B.install

C.insert

D.inject

【答案】C

【解析】动词词义辨析。invade侵入；install安装；insert插入,镶入；inject注射。句意：Mr.Smith要求他的秘书在她正在打的年度报告中插入一段。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Inthe______areasoftherailroadterminal,thousandsoftravelerslingeredwhilewaitingfortheirtrain.

问题1选项

A.circuitous

B.baleful

C.auxiliary

D.capacious

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项circuitous表示“迂曲的，绕行的”，B项baleful表示“恶意的，有害的”，C项auxiliary表示“辅助的，副的，附加的”，D项capacious表示“宽敞的，广阔的”。根据railroadterminal（铁路终点站）和thousandsoftravelers（成千上万的旅客）可知，______areas表示“宽敞的地方”。句意：在铁路终点站广阔的区域里，成千上万的旅客逗留在那等待火车。因此，该题选择D项正确。

6.单选题

Myneighborsoneithersideofmehavepaintedtheirhouses,（

）ofcoursemakesmyhouselookshabbierthanitreallyis.

问题1选项

A.that

B.as

C.who

D.which

【答案】D

【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。空格处所填单词指代前面句子的内容，即我两边邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，也就是指这件事，故排除BC两项。再由空格前的逗号可知，次从句为非限制性定从，故用which引导。句意：我两边的邻居都给他们的房子刷了漆，这让我的房子比实际上更显得破旧。答案D

7.单选题

（）shewaslivinginLondonthatshemetherhusbandTerry.

问题1选项

A.Justwhen

B.Duringthetimewhen

C.Soonafter

D.Itwaswhile

【答案】D

【解析】考查强调句型。强调句的结构为itis+被强调部分+that….故D项正确。句意：她住在伦敦的时候遇见了她的丈夫Terry.

8.单选题

Therewasonceatowninthiscountrywherealllifeseemedtolivein（

）withitssurroundings.

问题1选项

A.coincidence

B.harmony

C.uniform

D.alliance

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。coincidence意为“巧合，一致”；harmony意为“和谐，协调”，inharmonywith意为“与……和谐相处”；uniform意为“制服”；alliance意为“结盟，同盟”。

句意：这个国家曾经有一个小镇里的所有的生命似乎与周围环境和谐相处。

9.单选题

Accordingtoasurvey,whichwasbasedontheresponsesofover188,000students,today’straditional-agecollegefreshmenare“morematerialisticandlessaltruistic(利他主义的)”thanatanytimeinthe17yearsofthepoll.

Notsurprisinginthesehardtimes,thestudent’smajorobjective“istobefinanciallywelloff.Lessimportantthaneverisdevelopingameaningfulphilosophyoflife”.Itfollowsthenthattodaythemostpopularcourseisnotliteratureorhistorybutaccounting.

Interestinteaching,socialserviceandthe“altruistic”fieldsisatalow.Ontheotherhand,enrollmentinbusinessprograms,engineeringandcomputerscienceiswayup.

That’snosurpriseeither.Afriendofmine(asalesrepresentativeforachemicalcompany)wasmakingtwicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructorsherfirstyearonthejob—evenbeforeshecompletedhertwo-yearassociatedegree.

Whileit’struethatweallneedacareer,itisequallytruethatourcivilizationhasaccumulatedanincredibleamountofknowledgeinfieldsfarremovedfromourownandthatwearebetterforourunderstandingoftheseothercontributions—betheyscientificorartistic.Itisequallytruethat,instudyingthediversewisdomofothers,welearnhowtothink.Moreimportant,perhaps,educationteachesustoseetheconnectionsbetweenthings,aswellastoseebeyondourimmediateneeds.

Weeklywereadofunionswhowentonstrikeforhigherwages,onlytodrivetheiremployeroutofbusiness.Nocompany,nojob.Howshortsightedinthelongrun!

Butthemostimportantargumentforabroadeducationisthatinstudyingtheaccumulatedwisdomoftheages,weimproveourmoralsense.Isawacartoonrecentlywhichshowsagroupofbusinessmenlookingpuzzledastheysitaroundaconferencetable;oneofthemistalkingontheintercom,“MissBaxter,”hesays,“couldyoupleasesendinsomeonewhocandistinguishrightfromwrong?”

Fromthelong-termpointofview,that’swhateducationreallyoughttobeabout.

1.Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents________.

2.Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith________.

3.Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

问题1选项

A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastoday

B.haveneverbeensointerestedinthearts

C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastoday

D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsense

问题2选项

A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructors

B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlife

C.theirowninterpretationsofthecourses

D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothers

问题3选项

A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprograms

B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeed

C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheights

D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlooked

问题4选项

A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.

B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.

C.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.

D.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

【解析】第1题:【选项释义】

Accordingtotheauthor’sobservation,collegestudents________.根据作者的观察，大学生________。

A.haveneverbeensomaterialisticastodayA.从来没有像今天这样唯物主义

B.haveneverbeensointerestedintheartsB.从未对艺术如此感兴趣

C.haveneverbeensofinanciallywelloffastodayC.从没有像今天这样富裕过

D.haveneverattachedsomuchimportancetomoralsenseD.从未如此重视道德感

【答案】A

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词collegestudents定位到第一段，该处讲到“调查显示（Accordingtoasurvey），如今传统年龄的大学新生比以往任何时候都更多奉行物质享乐主义（morematerialistic），更少奉行利他主义。”，可知在作者看来，大学生从未像如今这样唯物主义，因此A选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项“从未对艺术如此感兴趣”：文中没有提到大学生对艺术感兴趣，属于无中生有；

C选项“从没有像今天这样富裕过”：对应第二段第一句“在这样的困难时期，学生的主要目标是实现经济富裕（befinanciallywelloff）。”，这里没有把过去和现在的学生进行比较，而且学生并不富裕，属于偷换概念；

D选项“从未如此重视道德感”：对应第一段“大学新生比以往任何时候都更少奉行利他主义（lessaltruistic）。”，可知如今的大学生没有以前那么重视道德感，属于反向干扰。

第2题:【选项释义】

Thestudents’criteriaforselectingmajorstodayhavemuchtodowith________.如今，学生们选择专业的标准与________有很大关系。

A.theinfluencesoftheirinstructorsA.他们的导师的影响

B.thefinancialgoalstheyseekinlifeB.他们在生活中追求的财务目标

C.theirowninterpretationsofthecoursesC.他们自己对课程的理解

D.theirunderstandingofthecontributionsofothersD.他们对他人贡献的理解

【答案】B

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干中信息词selectingmajors定位到第二段，该处讲到“在这样的困难时期，学生的主要目标是实现经济富裕（financiallywelloff）……由此可见（Itfollowsthen），如今最受欢迎的课程（mostpopularcourse）不是文学或历史，而是会计。”，可知学生对专业的选择和其财务目标相关，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“他们导师的影响”：对应第四段第二句“我的一个朋友是一家化学公司的销售代表，她工作的第一年挣的钱是她大学老师的两倍（twicethesalaryofhercollegeinstructors）。”，这里只是讲到学生和老师工资的差异，并没有表达老师和学生选择专业的关系，属于偷换概念；

C选项“他们自己对课程的理解”：文中没有提到学生对课程的理解导致对专业的选择不同，属于无中生有；

D选项“他们对他人贡献的理解”：对应第五段第一句“我们的文明已经在与我们自身相距甚远的领域积累了大量的知识，我们更好地理解了这些领域的其他贡献。”，这里指的是这些领域的贡献，而非大学生自己的贡献，属于张冠李戴。

第3题:【选项释义】

Bysaying“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”(Para.5),theauthormeansthat________.他说“Whileit’struethat...betheyscientificorartistic”（第五段），作者的意思是________。

A.businessmanagementshouldbeincludedineducationalprogramsA.企业管理应该包括在教育计划中

B.humanwisdomhasaccumulatedatanextraordinarilyhighspeedB.人类智慧以极快的速度积累

C.humanintellectualdevelopmenthasreachednewheightsC.人类智力发展达到了新的高度

D.theimportanceofabroadeducationshouldnotbeoverlookedD.广泛教育的重要性不应被忽视

【答案】D

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据题干中出处提示词Para.5和信息词Whileit’strue定位到第五段第一句，该处讲到“诚然，我们都需要一份职业，但同样不可否认的是（itisequallytruethat），我们的文明已经在与我们自身相距甚远的领域积累了大量的知识（anincredibleamountofknowledge），我们更好地理解了（betterforourunderstanding）这些领域的其他贡献——无论是科学上的还是艺术上的（betheyscientificorartistic）。”，除了职业需要的知识，我们还积累了大量非职业需要的知识，这里强调这些知识人们已经知道，并且非常重要，需要更多推广，因此D选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“企业管理应该包括在教育计划中”：这里没有提到企业管理，属于无中生有；

B选项“人类智慧以极快的速度积累”：这里提到人类文明积累了大量知识，但不代表人类智慧增长速度很快，属于偷换概念；

C选项“人类智力发展达到了新的高度”：这里没有说到人类智力到了新高度，属于无中生有。

第4题:【选项释义】

WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?根据文章，下列哪个陈述正确？

A.Businessmenabsorbedintheircareerarenarrow-minded.A.专心于事业的商人心胸狭窄。

B.Managersoftenfindithardtotellrightfromwrong.B.老板们常常认为很难分清是非。

C.Careerseekersshouldnotfocusonimmediateinterestsonly.C.求职者不应该只关注眼前的利益。

D.Peopleengagedintechnicaljobsleadamorerewardinglife.D.从事技术工作的人生活更有意义。

【答案】C

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】此题定位到第六段，该处讲到“每周我们都能读到工会（unions）为提高工资而罢工（strikeforhigherwages），结果却把他们的雇主赶出了市场……从长远来看，这是多么目光短浅（shortsighted）啊！”，可知工会罢工这件事目光短浅，求职者不应目光短浅，因此C选项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项“专心于事业的商人心胸狭窄”：文中没有提到商人心胸狭窄，属于无中生有；

B选项“老板们常常认为很难分清是非”：对应第七段“但支持广泛教育最重要的理由是，在学习时代积累的智慧中，我们提高了自己的道德感（improveourmoralsense）……其中一个商人正在对讲机里说：‘巴克斯特小姐，请您派一个能明辨是非的人（candistinguishrightfromwrong）来好吗？’”，这里的明辨是非指的是分清道德上的对错，不是说很难分辨对错，而是说人们道德感低，属于偷换概念；

D选项“从事技术工作的人生活更有意义”：对应第二段第二句“培养一种有意义的人生哲学已经不那么重要了（meaningfulphilosophyoflife）。”，这里指的是有意义的人生哲学，而不是人生因为从事技术工作而有意义，属于偷换概念。

10.单选题

Manyproducts,includingprescriptiondrugs,areregulatedbythefederalgovernment.However,thestateshavelawsthatallowinjuredconsumerstosueamanufacturer.

问题1选项

A.complain

B.charge

C.execute

D.punish

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.complain埋怨，发牢骚B.charge控告，起诉

C.execute（尤指依法）处决；实行，执行D.punish对……判罪

【答案】B

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】sue的意思为“控告，提起诉讼”，这里指各州的法律允许消费者起诉制造商，charge的词义与之相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】许多产品，包括处方药，都由联邦政府监管。然而，各州的法律允许权益受到侵害的消费者起诉制造商。

11.单选题

TheEuropeanCommissionissueda____decisiononOct.29permittinganalliancebetweenUnitedAirlines,DeutscheLufthansaandScandinavianAirlinesSystemthatallowsthemtocoordinateprices,schedulesandroutesinthetransatlanticmarket.Itturnedouttobewellreceived.

问题1选项

A.automatic

B.landmark

C.obsolete

D.outgrown

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项“automatic”意为“自动的；无意识的；必然的”；B选项“landmark”意为“有重大意义或影响的”；C选项“obsolete”意为“废弃的；老式的”；D选项“outgrown”意为“过大的”。句意：10月29日，欧盟委员会发布了一项具有里程碑意义的决定，允许美国联合航空公司、德国汉莎航空公司和斯堪的纳维亚航空公司建立联盟，在跨大西洋市场协调价格、航班和航线。结果很受欢迎。由题干可知，decision（决定）后的内容是允许三家不同国家的航空公司建立联盟，并且反响很好，所以可以推测出这个决定具有重大意义和影响。因此B选项符合题意。

12.单选题

Althoughinthenovelthemillenniumhasbeenandgone,therearenoreferencesatalltorealcontemporaryAmericanorglobalpoliticaleventsofthetimeofwriting.Chapstick,Pledge,andSkevenerintheirstudyTheEndlessLoopofHistory:SpaceTimeintheworkofDavidFosterWallace(London2001)havealreadynotedthewayInfiniteJestdivorcesitselffromhistorybytheuseofscifielements.TheynotehowcomparedwiththeAmericanpostmoderns,whoseworksinteractwithrealhistoricaltime,InfiniteJesttakesplaceinanahistorical,allegoricaltime.DFW'sinventionofSubsidizedTime,andtherenamingofyearsafterproductsandcompaniesshowsthewayinwhichthesoul-rottingeffectsofadvertisinginfecttimeaswellasinternalandexternalspace(cf:PhillipKDick'sadvertsprojectedontothemooninTheManintheHighCastle).Otherwise,theubiquitouspresenceofadvertisingincontemporarydailylifeisabsentfromthenovel.Actually,thisisnotcorrect.Thethemeofwastemanagement(alsotheunderlyingstructureofDonDeLillo'snovelUnderworld)reflectssomeoftheanxietiesofthe90s,thedecadeinwhichthenovelwaswritten:namely,globalwarming,environmentalconcerns,nuclearwastemanagement,includingitsexporttothirdworldcountries,thetradingofcarbonemissionpoints,futuresswapsincarbonfootprintsetc.DFWisheresimplysatirizingcontemporaryconcerns;andaFreudianreadingofthisthemeisbothunnecessaryandnotreallyilluminating,DonGately'sworkasashithosernotwithstanding.DFW'suseofspuriousknowledgeandscholarship(includingaspuriousacademicapparatusatthebackofthebook)hasbeenamplycommentedon,especiallythedoubtfulphysicsofJ.O.Incandenza'sworkwithlensesandnuclearannulation,andtheiffeymathinvolvedintheEschatongame.ByhisuseofthespuriousDFWisnotonlysatirizingthediscourseofacademicknowledge,butmakingaseriouspointabouttheextentandtypologyofknowledgeitself.Onceknowledgebecomessospecializedastobecomecomprehensibletoonlyaveryfew—thosefirmlyinsidethediscourse—whatstatusdoesthatknowledgegain?Tothoseoutsidethediscourse,theknowledgecanonlybetakenontrust,andthereforeallmannerofhoodsmaybewinked.Inthiscasetheboundariesbetweenthefictionalandtherealbecomeblurred,amatterforargument.Weareusedtoquestioningthereliabilityofthenarrativevoiceinfiction,butnotsoabletoquestioninthesamewaythereliabilityofacademicdiscourseorspecialistknowledge.Thepresenceofthespuriousnexttotherealinfectsthereal,invitingustoextendourdistrustoffictionalnarrativetonon-fictionalexposition,thefiction(lemensonge)andthetruthbecomemirrorsofeachother.Thetitleofaworkstandsinmetonymicrelationshiptothecontentofthework:WarandPeace,forexample,signifiesthetwomainthemesandstructuringdevicesofthatnovel.Forexistingbooks,(real,readbooks),thetitlesummonsupeverythingweknoworrememberaboutthebook.Wherethatworkisnon-existent(fictional,spurious,lostorsimplyunknown/unread)thetitleactsasanemptysignifier,whichwecanfillwithourimagination,effectivelywritingtheworkourselvesinaflash.Barthescallsthesebooklesstitlesprolepses;Nabokovcreatessummariesanddetailedcommentariesforthem(inPaleFireandTheReallifeofSebastianKnight);Borgesbaseshiswholestylisticsonthisprocessofmetonymicexpansion;andEcofillsentireimaginarylibrarieswiththesefantasticalbooks.DFWforhisimaginaryworks,likeHoffmann,hasapenchantforexcessivelylongandhumoroustitles,whoselengthguidesusinthisprocessofcreationcf:GoodLookingMeninSmallCleverRoomsthatUtilizeEveryCentimeterofAvailableSpaceWithMind-BogglingEfficiency(titleofoneofJ.O.Incandenza'sentertainments),andMousetrapsandtheirInfluenceontheCharacterandAchievementoftheFelineRace(titleofoneofMurr'sbooksfromHoffmann'sTheLifeandOpinionsoftheTomcatMurr).

1.Accordingtotheauthor,theuseofsomeoftheanxietiesofthe90sdoesnotcontradictthepropositionthatthenovelInfiniteJesttakesplaceinanahistoricaltimebecause（

）.

2.DFW'sinventionofSubsidizedTimeexemplifies

（

）.

3.FollowingRolandBarthes,whichofthefollowingtitleswouldbeanexampleofprolepsis?

4.AninnovationbyDFWtopostmodernfictionisexemplifiedby

（

）.

5.Thetitleofthenovelsuggeststhatitis（

）.

问题1选项

A.themillenniumhasbeenandgone

B.DFWisheresimplysatirizingcontemporaryconcerns

C.DFW'sinventionofSubsidizedTime

D.heusesscifielements

问题2选项

A.theubiquitouspresenceofadvertisingincontemporarydailylife

B.thecommercializationofAmericansociety

C.theendlessloopofhistory

D.Americanpostmodernism

问题3选项

A.WarandPeace

B.TheReallifeofSebastianKnight

C.MousetrapsandtheirInfluenceontheCharacterandAchievementoftheFelineRace

D.TheLifeandOpinionsoftheTomcatMurr

问题4选项

A.theunreliablenarrator

B.thedistrustofacademicdiscourse

C.theprocessofmetonymicexpansion

D.fictional,spurious,lostorsimplyunknown/unreadworks

问题5选项

A.anallegory

B.aparody

C.anapophasis

D.aprocatalepsis

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:1.细节事实题。题干问的是：作者认为，使用90年代的一些焦虑并不与小说《无尽的玩笑》发生在一个非历史时期的观点相矛盾，是因为什么?由“Chapstick,Pledge,andSkevenerintheirstudyTheEndlessLoopofHistory:SpaceTimeintheworkofDavidFosterWallace(London2001)havealreadynotedthewayInfiniteJestdivorcesitselffromhistorybytheuseofscifielements.TheynotehowcomparedwiththeAmericanpostmoderns,whoseworksinteractwithrealhistoricaltime,InfiniteJesttakesplaceinanahistorical,allegoricaltime.Chapstick、Pledge和Skevener在他们的研究《历史的无限循环：时空》（TheEndlessLoopofHistory:SpaceTimeintheworkofDavidFosterWallace(London2001)）中已经注意到，无穷无尽的玩笑是如何通过使用科幻元素从历史中分离出来的。他们注意到，与美国后现代主义者相比，他们的作品是如何与真实的历史时间互动的，无穷无尽的笑话发生在一个非历史的寓言时代。”据此可知，DFW运用了一些科幻元素将InfiniteJest与历史分离，所以与当代（90年代）的一些焦虑不相矛盾。

第2题:2.细节事实题。由题干定位到“DFW’sinventionofSubsidizedTime,andtherenamingofyearsafterproductsandcompaniesshowsthewayinwhichthesoul-rottingeffectsofadvertisinginfecttimeaswellasinternalandexternalspace(cf:PhillipKDick’sadvertsprojectedontothemooninTheManintheHighCastle).Otherwise,theubiquitouspresenceofadvertisingincontemporarydailylifeisabsentfromthenovel.DFW发明了补贴时间（政府通过销售年份的名字来赚钱的项目），并在产品和公司之后对时间进行了重新命名，这些都显示出广告对时间以及内部和外部空间的腐蚀作用（参见菲利普•K•迪克（PhillipKDick）在《高城堡里的人》（TheManintheHighCastle）中对月球的广告）。否则，现代生活中无处不在的广告就会从小说中消失。”与A项“广告在当代日常生活中无处不在”相符。

第3题:3.判断推理题。首先得弄清楚文中对prolepsis（预期叙述，预辩法）的解释，由Wherethatworkisnon-existent(fictional,spurious,lostorsimplyunknown/unread)thetitleactsasanemptysignifier,whichwecanfillwithourimagination,effectivelywritingtheworkourselvesinaflash.Barthescallsthesebooklesstitlesprolepses;在作品不存在的地方（虚构的、虚假的、丢失的或根本不为人知的/未读的），标题就像一个空的符号，我们可以用我们的想象力来填满它，有效地在一瞬间写出自己的作品。巴特称这些无书的书名为prolepses；而后由DFWforhisimaginaryworks,likeHoffmann,hasapenchantforexcessivelylongandhumoroustitles,whoselengthguidesusinthisprocessofcreation…DFW对于他的想象作品，比如霍夫曼，有一个写非常长的，幽默的标题的嗜好，它的长度引导我们在想象创作……随后举了两个例子来说明，MousetrapsandtheirInfluenceontheCharacterandAchievementoftheFelineRace.是其中一个，人们可以通过长长的标题来创作。故C项符合题意。

第4题:4.细节事实题。由ByhisuseofthespuriousDFWisnotonlysatirizingthediscourseofacademicknowledge,butmakingaseriouspointabouttheextentandtypologyofknowledgeitself.Onceknowledgebecomessospecializedastobecomecomprehensibletoonlyaveryfew—thosefirmlyinsidethediscourse—whatstatusdoesthatknowledgegain?运用虚假的知识，DFW不是在讽刺学术话语而是严肃地指出了知识的范围和类型本身。一旦知识变得如此专业化，以至于只有极少数人——那些坚定地站在话语之内的人——才能理解，那么这些知识又能获得什么样的地位呢？由此可知B项“DFW对专业学术话语持不信任态度”符合题意。

第5题:5.判断推理题。题干问由小说的标题可知这是一篇……？由InfiniteJesttakesplaceinanahistorical,allegoricaltime.可知InfiniteJest无尽的玩笑最有可能是一篇寓言。

13.单选题

Itwouldbe（）toarriveataconclusionnow.

问题1选项

A.premier

B.premature

C.preliminary

D.prior

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项premier“首要的；第一的”；B选项premature“早产的；不成熟的”；C选项preliminary“初步的；预备的”；D选项prior“先前的；优先的”。句意：现在就下结论会……。在任何时候都可以做出一个决定，如果这项决定没有深思熟虑过，那么实施起来就会遇到问题，所以不能够过早的下定结论。因此B选项符合题意。

14.单选题

Inlargepartasaconsequenceofthefeministmovement,historianshavefocusedagreatdealofattentioninrecentyearsondeterminingmoreaccuratelythestatusofwomeninvariousperiods.Althoughmuchhasbeenaccomplishedforthemodernperiod,premoderncultureshaveprovedmoredifficult:sourcesarerestrictedinnumber,fragmentary,difficulttointerpret,andoftencontradictory.Thus,itisnotparticularlysurprisingthatsomeearlierscholarshipconcerningsuchcultureshassofargoneunchallenged.AnexampleisJohannBachofen’s1861treatiseonAmazonswomen-ruledsocietiesofquestionableexistencecontemporarywithancientGreece.

Startingfromthepremisethatmythologyandlegendpreserveatleastanucleusofhistoricalfact,Bachofenarguedthatwomenweredominantinmanyancientsocieties.HisworkwasbasedonacomprehensivesurveyofreferencesintheancientsourcestoAmazonianandothersocietieswithmatrilinealcustoms——societiesinwhichdescentandpropertyrightsaretracedthroughthefemaleline.SomesupportforhistheorycanbefoundinevidencesuchasthatdrawnfromHerodotus,theGreek“historian”ofthefifthcenturyB.C.，whospeaksofanAmazoniansociety,theSauromatae,wherethewomenhuntedandfoughtinwars.Awomaninthissocietywasnotallowedtomarryuntilshehadkilledapersoninbattle.

Nonetheless,thisassumptionthatthefirstrecordersofancientmythshavepreservedfactsisproblematic.IfonebeginsbyexaminingwhyancientsrefertoAmazons,itbecomesclearthatancientGreekdescriptionsofsuchsocietiesweremeantnotsomuchtorepresentobservedhistoricalfacts—realAmazoniansocieties—butrathertooffer“morallessons”onthesupposedoutcomeofwomen’sruleintheirownsociety.TheAmazonswereoftencharacterized,forexample,astheequivalentsofgiantsandcentaurs,enemiestobeslainbyGreekheroes.Theircustomswerepresentednotasthoseofarespectablesociety,butastheveryantithesesofordinaryGreekpractices.

Thus,Iwouldargue,thepurposeofaccountsoftheAmazonsfortheirmaleGreekrecorderswasdidactic,toteachbothmaleandfemaleGreeksthatall-femalegroups,formedbywithdrawalfromtraditionalsociety,aredestructiveanddangerous.MythsabouttheAmazonswereusedasargumentsforthemale-dominatedstatusquo,inwhichgroupscomposedexclusivelyofeithersexwerenotpermittedtosegregatethemselvespermanentlyfromsociety.Bachofenwasthusmisledinhisrelianceonmythsforinformationaboutthestatusofwomen.Thesourcesthatwillprobablytellcontemporaryhistoriansmostaboutwomenintheancientworldaresuchsocialdocumentsasgravestones,wills,andmarriagecontracts.Studiesofsuchdocumentshavealreadybeguntoshowhowmistakenwearewhenwetrytoderiveourpictureoftheancientworldexclusivelyfromliterarysources,especiallymyths.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（）.

2.AllofthefollowingarestatedbytheauthorasproblemsconnectedwiththesourcesforknowledgeofpremodernculturesEXCEPT（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingispresentedinthepassageasevidencesupportingtheauthor’sviewoftheancientGreeks’descriptionsoftheAmazons?

4.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheprobablereactionsofmanymalesinancientGreecetotheideaofasocietyruledbywomencouldbestbecharacterizedas（）.

5.TheauthorsuggeststhatthemainreasonforthepersistinginfluenceofBachofen’sworkisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.comparecompetingnewapproachestounderstandingtheroleofwomeninancientsocieties

B.investigatetheramifications（影响，后果）ofBachofen’stheoryaboutthedominanceofwomeninancientsocieties

C.explaintherapidlyincreasedinterestamonghistoriansindeterminingtheactualstatusofwomeninvarioussocieties

D.criticizethevalueofancientmythsindeterminingthestatusofwomeninancientsocieties

问题2选项

A.partialcompleteness

B.restrictedaccessibility

C.difficultyofinterpretation

D.limitedquantity

问题3选项

A.TherequirementthatSauromataewomenkillinbattlebeforemarrying.

B.Thefailure