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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-北京政法职业学院考试押题卷含答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theenergy()bythechainreactionistransformedintoheat.

问题1选项

A.transferred

B.released

C.conveyed

D.delivered

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。Transfer转让,转移;release释放;convey传达,运输;deliver递送,释放。句意:链式反应的能量被转化为热量。故B项符合句意。

2.翻译题

Thetrampseemstohavebeenamanofgoodhumorandphilosophictemperament—asindeedvagrantsverycommonlyare.EveryoneelsewasenjoyingChristmas,sohesawnogoodreasonwhyheshouldnotdothesame.Hesubmitted,cheerfullyenough,tobeingtakenawaybythepolice.PerhapshehadhadabetterChristmasthanusual.Hewassenttoprisonforsevendays.Thejudgeawardednocompensationtothechainstoreforthefoodanddrinkourtramphadconsumed.Theyhad,inhisopinion,alreadyreceivedvaluablefreepublicityfromthecoveragethestoryreceivedinthenewspapersandontelevision.

【答案】流浪汉似乎是一个很有幽默感和哲学气质的人——实际上流浪汉通常都是这样的。其他人都在享受圣诞节,所以他觉得没有什么理由不让自己也这么做。他很高兴地让警察把他带走了。也许他圣诞节过得比平时好。他被关进监狱7天。对于我们的流浪汉吃的食物和饮料,法官没有判给连锁店任何赔偿。在他看来,他们已经接受了从报纸和电视上的报道中获得了宝贵的免费宣传。

3.单选题

Massivechangesinalloftheworld'sdeeplycherishedspoilinghabitsareunderway.Whetherit'soneofLondon'sparksfullofpeopleplayingsoftball,andRussianstakinguprugby,ortheSuperbowlrivalingtheBritishFootballCupFinalasatelevisedspectatoreventinBritain,thepatternsofplayersandspectatorsarechangingbeyondrecognition.Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture.

Thatannualbicyclerace,theTourdeFrance,muchlovedbytheFrenchisagoodcaseinpoint.JustafewyearsbackitwasastrictlycontinentalaffairwithFrance,BelgiumandHolland,SpainandItalytakingpart.ButinrecentyearsithasbeendominatedbyColombianmountainclimbers,andAmericanandIrishriders.Thepeoplewhoreallymatterwelcometheshifttowardglobalization.Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams.Soitdoesthemliterallyaworldofgoodtoseethisunofficialworldchampionshipbecomejustthat.Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology,blitmadetohappenbecauseofmarketingconsiderations.SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell.

TheskillfulwayinwhichAmericanfootballhasbeensoldtoEuropeisagoodexampleofhowallsportswilldevelop.Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical.WilliscatsatUS$125,gatereceiptsalongwereastaggering$10,000,000.Themostimportantstatisticoftheday,however,wasthe$100,000,000inTVadvertisingfees.Imaginehowmuchthatbecomeswhentheeyesoftheworldarewatching.

Soitcameasaterribleshock,butnotreallyasasurprise,tolearnthatsomepeoplearenowsuggestingthatsoccerchangefrombeingagameoftwo45-minutchalves,tooneoffour25-minutequarters.Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction.

Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel.Inboxingwehavealreadyseennumerous,dubiousworldtitlecategoriesbecausepeoplewillnotpaytoseeanythinglessthana“WorldTitle”fight,andthismeansthatthetitlefightshavetobeheldindifferentcountriesaroundtheworld!

1.Globalizationofsportingculturemeansthat(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingisNOTrelatedtothemassivechanges?

3.Asisusedinthepassage,"globalization"comesclosestinmeaningto

).

4.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthesuggestiontochangesoccerintooneoffour25-minutequarters?

5.Whyshouldthetitlefightsinboxingbeheldindifferentcountriesoftheworld?

问题1选项

A.morepeoplearetakingupsports.

B.traditionalspoilsaregettingpopular.

C.manylocalsportsarebecominginternational.

D.foreignersaremoreinterestedinlocalsports.

问题2选项

A.Goodeconomicreturns.

B.Revivaloftraditionalgames.

C.Communicationstechnology

D.Marketingstrategies.

问题3选项

A.‘‘commercialization’’

B.“westernization”

C.“speculation”

D.“standardization”

问题4选项

A.Favorable.

B.Unclear.

C.Reserved.

D.Critical.

问题5选项

A.Becausetheyareveryexciting.

B.Becausepeopledonotwanttopaytoseethem.

C.Becausepeoplewanttoseethemostexcitinggames.

D.Becausetheyarelessexciting

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.推理判断题。题目问的是“运动文化全球化的含义是……”。文章第一段最后一句提到“我们正在目睹一场体育文化的全球化过程”(Wearewitnessingaglobalizationofourspoilingculture)。接下来举了自行车竞赛(bicyclerace)的例子,提到自行车竞赛开始是在法国、比利时、荷兰、西班牙和意大利受欢迎,最近几年又受到了哥伦比亚的登山者,美国和爱尔兰的骑手的青睐,由此可以看出这项本来只在当地流行的运动走向了国际,选项C符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪项与巨大的变化(全球化)无关”。文章第二段提到标致、米其林和松下这些跨国企业,他们在团队上投入了数百万美元,期望获得全球回报,所以选项A与全球化有关,排除;该段还提到我们正在见证一场以经济为基础、一场由通信技术促成的革命(Thisisundoubtedlyaneconomic-basedrevolutionwearewitnessinghere,onemadepossiblebycommunicationstechnology),由此选项C“通信技术”可以排除;该段最后一句话提到“推销比赛,你同时也在推销可口可乐或者百威啤酒”(SellthegameandyoucansellCocaColaorBudweiseraswell)。综上,选项B符合题意。

3.词义题。题目问的是“文章中的‘全球化’与哪个词意思最接近”。文章第二段提到各大跨国公司投资体育赛事都是为了获得全球的经济回报(Peugeot,MichelinandPanasonicaremulti-nationalcorporationsthatwantworldwidereturnsforthemillionstheyinvestinteams),以及提到卖体育赛事也同时在做各种产品的推广;文章第三段提到美国橄榄球推广到欧洲并不是想推广这项运动,而是为了增加对观众人数,增加商人们的利益(Theaimofcourseisnotreallytospreadthesportforitsownsake,buttoincreasethenumberofpeopleinterestedinthemajormoneymakingevents.TheeconomicsoftheSuperbowlarealreadyastronomical),由此可以看出,“全球化”相当于“商业化”,选项A符合题意

4.观点态度题。题目问的是“作者对将足球比赛的时间改成4个25分钟的建议持什么态度”。文章倒数第二段提到“这种想法是无耻的,目的是为了获得更多的广告收入,而不考虑这项运动的完整性”(Theideaisunashamedlytocapturemoreadvertisingrevenue,withoutgivinganythoughtfortheintegrityofasportwhichrelicsforitsessenceontheflowingnatureoftheaction),由此可以看出作者对这个想法是持批评态度的,选项D符合题意。

5.推理判断题。题目问的是“为什么拳击比赛要在全世界各国举行”。文章最后一段举了拳击的例子是为了说明“随着体育运动项目进入世界市场,我们作为消费者的需求也在不断变化,我们需要观看高水平的比赛”(Moreover,assportsexpandintoworldmarkets,andasourchoiceofsportsasconsumersalsogrows,sowewilldemandtoseethattheyplayatahigherandhigherlevel),因此选项C符合题意。

4.单选题

Inthenextfewyearsmajorchangeswillbe()inChina’sindustries.

问题1选项

A.broughtforward

B.broughtup

C.broughton

D.broughtabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查词组搭配。A选项broughtforward提前,提出;B选项broughtup提出,养育;C选项broughton导致,引起,使发展;D选项broughtabout导致,带来,产生。bringon是指事情己经告一段落又再次被引起,而bringabout则指事情被从头引起;根据句意“在接下来的几年中,中国的工业将发生巨大的变化”,因此,因此,D项更符合题意。

5.单选题

Inaccordancewiththenewregulations,youareentitledtothreedaysofpaidsickleaveeverymonth.

问题1选项

A.Accordingto

B.Carryingon

C.Lookingthrough

D.Puttingout

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项Accordingto“根据……”;B选项Carryingon“继承,开始实施”;C选项Lookingthrough“浏览,温习”;D选项Puttingout“扑灭,搏出”。句意:根据新规定,你每个月可以享受三天的带薪病假。A选项与划线词的词义最接近,因此A选项符合题意。

6.单选题

Thedirectorgavemehis______thathewoulddoublemypayifIdidmyjobwell.

问题1选项

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项warrant“许可证,授权证”;B选项obligation“责任,义务”;C选项assurance“保证,担保”;D选项certainty“确实的事,必然的事”。句意:主任向我保证,如果我把工作做好,他会给我双倍的工资。

7.单选题

Whatisthenatureofthescientificattitude,theattitudeofthemanorwomanwhostudiesandappliesphysics,biology,chemistry,geology,engineering,medicineoranyotherscience?

Weallknowthatscienceplaysanimportantroleinthesocietiesinwhichwelive.Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience.Thefirstoftheseistheapplicationofthemachines,productsandsystemsofappliedknowledgethatscientistsandtechnologistsdevelop.Throughtechnology,scienceimprovesthestructureofsocietyandhelpsmantogainincreasingcontroloverhisenvironment.Thesecondaspectistheapplicationbyallmembersofsocietyofthespecialmethodsofthoughtandactionthatscientistsuseintheirwork.

Whatarethesespecialmethodsofthinkingandacting?Firstofall,itseemsthatasuccessfulscientistisfullofcuriosity—hewantstofindouthowandwhytheuniverseworks.Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected.Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.

Heisagoodobserver,accurate,patientandobjectiveandapplieslogicalthoughttotheobservationshemakes.Heutilizesthefactsheobservestothefullestextent.Forexample,trainedobserversobtainaverylargeamountofinformationaboutastarmainlyfromtheaccurateanalysisofthesimplelinesthatappearinaspectrum.

Heisskeptical—hedoesnotacceptstatementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable—andthereforerejectsauthorityasthesolebasisfortruth.Scientistsalwayscheckstatementsandmakeexperimentscarefullyandobjectivelytoverifythem.

Furthermore,heisnotonlycriticaloftheworkofothers,butalsoofhisown,sinceheknowsthatmanistheleastreliableofscientificinstrumentsandthatanumberoffactorstendtodisturbobjectiveinvestigation.

Lastly,heishighlyimaginativesinceheoftenhastolookforrelationshipsindatawhicharenotonlycomplexbutalsofrequentlyincomplete.Furthermore,heneedsimaginationifhewantstomakehypothesesofhowprocessesworkandhoweventstakeplace.Thereseemtobesomeofthewaysinwhichasuccessfulscientistortechnologistthinksandacts.

1.Manypeoplebelievethatsciencehelpssocietytoprogressthrough(

).

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTaboutcuriosity(

)?

3.Accordingtothepassage,asuccessfulscientistwouldnot(

).

4.Whatdoesthepassagemainlydiscuss(

)?

5.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthetopic(

)?

问题1选项

A.appliedknowledge

B.morethanoneaspect

C.technologyonly

D.theuseofmachines

问题2选项

A.Itgivesthescientistconfidenceandpleasureinwork.

B.Itgivesrisetointerestinproblemsthatareunexplained.

C.Itleadstoeffortstoinvestigatepotentialconnections.

D.Itencouragesthescientisttolookfornewwaysofacting.

问题3选项

A.easilybelieveinuncheckedstatements.

B.easilycriticizeothers’researchwork.

C.alwaysusehisimaginationinwork.

D.alwaysuseevidencefromobservation.

问题4选项

A.Applicationoftechnology.

B.Progressinmodernsociety.

C.Scientists’waysofthinkingandacting.

D.Howtobecomeasuccessfulscientist.

问题5选项

A.Critical.

B.Objective.

C.Biased.

D.Unclear.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.事实细节题。题干:很多人相信科学通过_______帮助社会进步。通过题干关键词“Manypeoplebelieve”定位到第二段第二句Manypeoplebelieve,however,thatourprogressdependsontwodifferentaspectsofscience(然而,许多人认为,我们的进步取决于科学的两个不同方面),这里明确指出社会进步要靠twodifferentaspectsofscience,因此B选项正确。A选项“应用知识”,C选项“仅靠技术”,D选项“利用机器”,A,C,D选项都不够全面。综上所述,本题的正确答案为B选项。

2.细节判断题。题干:关于好奇心,以下哪个选项不正确?由题干中的“curiosity”定位至第三段。第三句和第四句对科学家的好奇心进行了详细解释。第三句指出Heusuallydirectshisattentiontowardsproblemswhichhenoticeshavenosatisfactoryexplanation,andhiscuriositymakeshimlookforunderlyingrelationshipsevenifthedataavailableseemtobeunconnected(他通常把注意力放在那些没有令人满意的解释的问题上,他的好奇心使他寻找潜在的关系,即使可用的数据似乎是毫无关联的),选项B对应前一个分句,选项C对应and后的第二个分句。末句Moreover,hethinkshecanimprovetheexistingconditionsandenjoystryingtosolvetheproblemswhichthisinvolves.(此外,他认为他可以改善现有的条件,并乐于尝试解决其中涉及的问题。),表示他对自己有信心,且从这一过程获得愉悦,即pleasure,A也符合文意。综上所述,本题的正确答案为D选项。

3.细节判断题。通过文章可知,一个成功的科学家不会_________。根据第六段首句的内容,选项A中的uncheckedstatements是对“statementswhicharenotbasedonthemostcompleteevidenceavailable”的概括,说明成功的可科学家不应该轻信没有检验的结论,故选A。选项B“容易批判别人的研究工作”与第七段首句的含义一致,所以排除B选项,选项C“在工作中经常利用想象力”和最后一段第一句表达的意思重合,所以排除C选项,选项D“经常利用通过观察得到的证据”和倒数第三段第一句表达的意思重合,所以排除D选项。故排除。从文中可知,科学家不是很容易相信没有检验的结论,但是他不仅批判别人的工作,还批判自己的工作,工作时需要想象力,充分利用自己观察所得。综上所述,本题正确答案是A选项。

4.主旨大意题。题干:文章主要讨论的是?文章开篇通过一个文句引出对科学态度的本质的思考,第二段和第三段介绍了社会进步以来与科学的两个方面,之后第四段首句通过一个问句引出全文主题。后面的内容都是对这个主题的具体说明。末段对这一主旨进行概括,可见本文的主要内容是关注methodsofthinkingandacting,故选C。A、B、D选项均不符合题意。综上所述,本题正确答案是C选项。

5.观点态度题。在第四段提出本文主旨后,作者就逐一介绍成功科学家的思维和行为方式。文中没有任何正面或负面评价,可见作者在文中是非常客观地说明成功科学家的思维和行为方式,故选B“客观的”。A选项“批评的”,C选项“有偏见的”和D选项“不清楚的”,均不是作者的观点。综上所述,本题正确答案是B选项。

8.单选题

Thestudentsareallfrom(

)countries,suchasSingapore,India,KoreanandJapan.

问题1选项

A.developing

B.oriental

C.island

D.Christian

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。developing“发展中的”;oriental“东方的;东方人的”;island“岛的”;Christian“基督教的;信基督教的”。句意:这些学生都来自东方国家,比如新加坡、印度、韩国、还有日本。选项B符合题意。

9.单选题

Mygrandmotherhasbeengoingtoabetterdentist,sothis()problemssheishavingwithherdentures.

问题1选项

A.won’teliminate

B.willbeelimination

C.shouldhavebeeneliminated

D.shouldhelpeliminate

【答案】D

【解析】句意:我的祖母一直在看牙医,所以这应该有助于解决她的假牙问题。should表示有较大可能实现的推测,且根据句意可知,这里时态应该为一般现在时,所以选项D正确。

10.单选题

Thenewprincipalhopesto(

)anumberofchangestothecoursesofstudy.

问题1选项

A.affect

B.effect

C.react

D.influence

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这位新校长希望对学习课程进行一些改变。

考查动词辨析。Affect影响,感染;effect使发生,实现,引起;react起反应,(对…)作出反应,回应;influence影响,对…起作用,支配。故B符合句意。

11.单选题

Astheclerk()preparedmymilkshake,Iwonderedhowlongshehadbeenworkingthere,()makingicecreamtreatsinasetorderofsteps.

问题1选项

A.logically...incautiously

B.methodically...mindlessly

C.systematically...carefully

D.synthetically...casually

【答案】B

【解析】副词词义辨析。logically“合乎逻辑”;incautiously“鲁莽地”;methodically“有条理地”;mindlessly“不费心思地”;systematically“有系统地”;carefully“小心地”;synthetically“综合地”;casually“随意地”。句意:当店员有条不紊地为我准备奶昔时,我想知道她已经在那里工作多久了,她不费心思地按一定的步骤制作冰淇淋。选项B符合题意。

12.问答题

Eachyear,afewso-calledtopdesignersinParisandLondonlaydownonthelawand

A

womenaroundtheworldruntoobey.Thedecreesofthedesignersareunpredictableand

B

dictatorial.Sometimetheydecidearbitrarily,thatskirtswillbeshortandwaistswillbehigh;

C

zipsareinandbuttonsareout.

D

【答案】试题答案:A;去掉on

【解析】考查固定搭配。laydown意为“制定”,介词on在此处是多余的。

13.单选题

Suchoccupationswereso()astobeunworthyofhisfullattention.

问题1选项

A.triggering

B.tripling

C.trifling

D.trembling

【答案】C

【解析】形近词辨析题。triggering触发,启动;tripling使增至三倍;trifling微不足道的;trembling发抖的,战栗的。根据下句可推测出,选项C更符合句意。句意:这些工作是如此微不足道,不值得他全神贯注。

14.单选题

Inearly19thcenturyAmerica,mentalasylumswerebuiltinruralareastoremovepatientsfromtheirhomeenvironmentandtoprovidefreshairinabucolicsetting.Patientswereofferedexercise,work,education,andreligiousinstruction.Theheadsoftheseinstitutions,called“alienists”,didnotusuallydispensedrugs,butstressedhealthy,cleanlivingandpromotedtheviewthattheinsanewerenotmonstersbutrather“unfortunatefellowbeings.”Focusingonsocietalcauses,alienistsbelievedmentalhealthproblemscouldbeavoided,especiallyintheyoung:children’sbrainsweresofter,vulnerable,andmorepronetoinfluence.

AftertheCivilWar,faithin“moraltreatment”declinedbecausethecurabilityratehadbeenoverestimated,thecostoffacilitieswashigh,thegovernmentcurtailedfunds,andthepublicbecamedisillusionedwith“experts”andtheirfailedpromises.Repeatedfailuresalsofrustratedpractitionerswhorespondedwithanincreaseduseofphysicalrestraint.Aninfluxofimmigrantscausedovercrowdingandalossoffee-payingprivatepatients.Asthemedicalfieldwasslowtobecomeinterestedinthecareofthementallyill,therewasalackoftrainedpersonnel.Theoriginal,moreidealisticpractitionersweregone,andnewmanagers,manyofwhomwerepoliticalappointees,werelessinspiredandqualified.Theybecameself-protectiveandisolatedfromthepublic,andconsidered“moraltreatment”tobefanaticalanddangerous.

Between1850and1880,viewpointsrevertedbacktopre-asylumassessments,withtheaddedelementofheredity:mentalillnessresultedfromaweakfamilyandvicecommittedbyancestors.InfluencedbySocialDarwinism,practitionersbelievedmentalillnesscouldbeeliminatedthrougheugenics,andthetendencywastoclassifyailmentsratherthaninvestigatethroughobservation.Drugssuchaschloroform,bromides,andetherwereincreasinglyusedtosubduepatients.

Eventually,neurologistsformedtwocamps:thosewhofocusedonsomaticcases,andthosewhoembracedpsychologicaltheoriesasmedicallyrespectable.Toremovethechronicallyillfromovercrowdedasylumsandinageneralefforttopromotenon-restraint,alternativecarefacilitiessuchasthetenttreatment,thefreeairsystem,andthecottagesystemwereattemptedinthelatterpartofthecentury.Inspiteofsuchreformefforts,thedominanceofSocialDarwinismcondemnedthechronicallyillasgeneticallyinferior.ItwasnotuntilthefinalyearsofthecenturythatSigmundFreud’stheoriesabouttheunconsciouscreptintotheprofessionalarena.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromparagraph1thatanadditionalreasonforbuildingmentalasylumsinruralareaswas______.

2.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonforthedeclineinuseofmoraltreatmentaftertheCivilWarwas______.

3.Theunderlineword“whom”inParagraph2refersto______.

4.ThementionofdrugsinParagraph3isanexampleof______.

5.Accordingtothepassage,onereasonthecottagesystemdevelopedtowardtheendofthecentury,wasinattemptto______.

问题1选项

A.tostoppatientsfrominfectinghealthypeople

B.becausemostpeopledidn’twanttobelivingnearthem

C.becausethelandwascheaper

D.togivepatientsbetterworkopportunities

问题2选项

A.thatthegovernmentmadelessmoneyavailable

B.thatitlostfavorwiththemedicalprofession

C.duetoovercrowding

D.inresponsetoithavingended

问题3选项

A.originalmoreidealisticpractitioners

B.newmanagers

C.politicalappointees

D.lessinspiredandqualified

问题4选项

A.thereturntopre-asylumdays

B.theinfluenceofthedevelopingmedicalprofession

C.aneffectivemeansoftreatment

D.thealternativetopsychologicaltreatment

问题5选项

A.applyFreudianpsychologicaltheories

B.provideamoresecurecustodialsystem

C.alleviateovercrowding

D.pleaseallneurologists

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】1.判断推理题。根据文章第一段Theheadsoftheseinstitutions,called“alienists”,didnotusuallydispensedrugs,butstressedhealthy,cleanlivingandpromotedtheviewthattheinsanewerenotmonstersbutrather“unfortunatefellowbeings”.(这些机构的负责人被称为“精神病医生”,他们通常不分发药物,但强调健康、清洁的生活方式,并提倡这样的观点,即精神病患者不是怪物,而是“不幸的人”)可推断出精神病院建立在农村地区的一个很有可能的原因是很多人把精神病人当怪物,从而不愿意居住在他们附近,所以B选项“因为大多数人不想住在他们附近”符合题意。A选项“阻止病人感染健康的人”;C选项“因为土地更便宜”以及D选项“给病人更好的工作机会”文章没有提及,因此B选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段AftertheCivilWar,faithin“moraltreatment”declinedbecausethecurabilityratehadbeenoverestimated,thecostoffacilitieswashigh,thegovernmentcurtailedfunds,andthepublicbecamedisillusionedwith“experts”andtheirfailedpromises.(内战之后,由于治愈率被高估,医疗设施的成本过高,政府削减资金,公众对“专家”和他们失败的承诺大失所望,对“道德治疗”的信心下降了),由此可知在内战后道德治疗使用减少的一个原因是政府资金不足,所以A选项“政府资金不足”符合题意。B选项“它失去了医学界的青睐”;C选项“由于过度拥挤”;D选项“对它的响应已经结束”说法错误。因此A选项正确。

3.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Theoriginal,moreidealisticpractitionersweregone,andnewmanagers,manyofwhomwerepoliticalappointees,werelessinspiredandqualified.最初的、更理想主义的实践者消失了,新的管理者(其中许多是政治任命的)缺乏灵感和资格”,由此可知句中的whom指的就是newmanagers。A选项“最初的、更理想主义的实践者”;C选项“政治任命者”以及D选项“缺乏灵感和资格者”都不符合题意。因此B选项正确。

4.判断推理题。文章提到“InfluencedbySocialDarwinism,practitionersbelievedmentalillnesscouldbeeliminatedthrougheugenics,andthetendencywastoclassifyailmentsratherthaninvestigatethroughobservation.Drugssuchaschloroform,bromides,andetherwereincreasinglyusedtosubduepatients.(受社会达尔文主义的影响,医生们相信精神疾病可以通过优生学消除,而且倾向于对疾病进行分类,而不是通过观察进行调查。氯仿、溴化物和乙醚等药物被越来越多地用于制服病人。)”,由此可知这些药物的使用对治疗精神疾病有效果,所以C选项“有效的治疗手段”正确。A选项“回到未进入收容所前的日子”;B选项“医疗职业发展的影响”;D选项“代替心理治疗”均不符合题意,因此C选项正确。

5.细节事实题。根据最后一段“Toremovethechronicallyillfromovercrowdedasylumsandinageneralefforttopromotenon-restraint,alternativecarefacilitiessuchasthetenttreatment,thefreeairsystem,andthecottagesystemwereattemptedinthelatterpartofthecentury.(为了将慢性病患者从过度拥挤的收容所中移走,并在普遍努力促进不受限制的情况下,在本世纪下半叶尝试了诸如帐篷治疗、免费空气系统和农舍系统等替代护理设施。)”可知村舍制度发展到本世纪末的一个原因是为了缓解过度拥挤,所以C选项“缓解过度拥挤”符合题意。A选项“运用弗洛伊德心理学理论”与题干无关;B选项“提供一个更安全的保管系统”文章没有提到;D选项“迎合所有神经科医生”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。

15.单选题

Nowthattheexcitementofcelebratinghashadachanceto(),it'stimetoturntheOlympicidealintoreality.

问题1选项

A.cutoff

B.carryaway

C.turnoff

D.wearoff

【答案】D

【解析】动词词组辨析。cutoff"切断,中断";carryaway"运走;失去自制力";turnof"关闭";wearoff"逐渐减少,逐渐消失"。句意:既然庆祝的激情已经开始逐渐消失,那么是时候把奥林匹克理想变成现实了。

16.单选题

Thisfocusonrotememorizationcanbe____tocultivatingstrongcreativethinkersorcomingupwiththeirownwayofdoingthings.

问题1选项

A.detrimental

B.conducive

C.confidential

D.perceptual

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项detrimental“不利的;有害的”;B选项conducive“有益的;有助于”;C选项confidential“机密的;表示信任的”;D选项perceptual“感知的;有知觉的”。句意:专注于死记硬背,对于培养具有强大的创造性思维思考者是____的,对于形成他们自己的做事方式也是____的。想培养创造性思维不能只死记硬背,A选项detrimental“不利的;有害的”符合语境。因此,本题最佳选项为A。

17.单选题

Toeveryone'ssurprise,thewomancandidatefromasmallparty(

)thepollinthefirstroundofvoting.

问题1选项

A.eclipsed

B.outshined

C.topped

D.deprived

【答案】C

【解析】考察动词词义辨析。eclipse“遮住……的光”;outshine“使相形见绌”;top“超过”;deprive“剥夺,使丧失”。句意:让每个人惊讶的是,来自一个小政党的女候选人在第一轮投票中领先。选项C符合题意。

18.单选题

Contestantswhodonotcomplywiththeregulationswillbedisqualified.

问题1选项

A.cooperatewith

B.observe

C.submitto

D.approve

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项cooperatewith“与……合作”;B选项observe“观察”;C选项submitto“服从”;D选项approve“批准”。句意:不遵守规定的选手将被取消资格。划线部分complywith是遵守的意思。因此C选项正确。

19.写作题

Directions:Thepassagecontainstenerrors.Eachindicatedlinecontainsamaximumofoneerror.Ineachcase,onlyonewordisinvolved.Youshouldproofreadthepassage,trytodetecttheerrorsandwritedownyourcorrectionsontheanswersheet.

【答案】答:

1.burglar改为burglary

2.it改为there

3.is去掉

4.the改为a

5.what改为that

6.may改为must

7.which改为that

8.of改为to

9.unprotect改为unprotected

10.out去掉

【解析】1.【解题思路】分析句子可知,burglar和assault是并列成分,burglar表示“入室窃贼”,而此句是表示“如果你担心不断上升的犯罪率,那么你可能知道你的房子、财产以及人正越来越处于急剧上升的盗窃和袭击案件的危险中”,所以要把burglar改为burglary,表示“入室盗窃”。

2.【解题思路】此句是表示“数据表明犯罪率不断上升”,应该用therebe句型,故把it改为there。

3.【解题思路】分析句子可知,show后面是一个省略了that的宾语从句,从句中的谓语动词是canhappen,所以要把is去掉。

4.【解题思路】此句表示“你若是住在城市,你成为受害者的风险是别人的两倍”,此处victim是泛指,所以要把表示特指的定冠词the改为不定冠词a。

5.【解题思路】分析句子可知,youcando是修饰前面的不定代词something,做定语从句,表示“幸亏还有些你肯定能做的事”,what只能引导名词性从句,不能引导定语从句,故把what改为that。

6.【解题思路】may表示征求对方同意或允许,译为“可能,也许”,这里表示的是“你必须要记住”,表示必要或提出建议,故把may改为must更合适。

7.【解题思路】分析句子可知,which引导的是定语从句,先行词为indication,但是前面有限定词no修饰,如果先行词由限定词修饰,定语从句引导词要用that,故把which改为that。

8.【解题思路】indicate表示“表明;示意”,通常与介词to搭配使用,不与of搭配,故把of改为to。

9.【解题思路】unprotect是动词,表示“无保护”的意思,而此处是要做形容词修饰名词house,所以要用过去分词的形式作定语,故把unprotect改为unprotected。

10.【解题思路】complete是及物动词,表示“完成”,后面不用跟介词,故把out去掉。

20.单选题

Manypeoplebelievethatthefamilyisthe(

)ofthecommunity.

问题1选项

A.nucleus

B.latitude

C.swamp

D.destiny

【答案】A

【解析】nucleus核心;latitude纬度,界限;swamp沼泽,湿地;destiny命运,定数。句意:许多人认为家庭是社区的核心。选项A符合句意。

21.翻译题

TranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintogoodChinese.

Anaestheticsense,aninstinctforbeauty,isoneoftheuniversalattributesofhumanbeings.

(1)Whileatitslowestlevelaestheticappreciationismerelyofanthropologicalorsociologicalinterest,atitshighestlevel,perhaps,itduplicatesartisticcreationandexistsonthesameplane.Butcertainlythat“plane”ismulti-dimensional.

Manypossiblereasonswhyhumanbeingsareresponsivetobeautyandneedartintheirlivescanandhavebeenadduced.(2)

Myowntheoryisthatartconcentratesandchannelsemotionsandexperiencesthatwouldotherwisebeinchoateandunformedinthepsyche;thatistosay,itbringsintosharpfocusandgivesformtoshadowypromptings,conflictingemotions,andhalf-glimpsedimpressionsofuniversalsituationssuchaslove,loss,questionsoflife'soriginsandend,andsoforth,anditallowsustoseeandfeeltheseimpressionsclearlyandintently.

Judgingfromtheevidenceofthemedia,however,theemotionalnatureofaestheticpleasureisawell-keptsecret.(3)

Almosteverytimerunacrossamentionofaestheticsinthelargecirculationculturalorgansandopinionmagazines,thediscussioncentersaroundthedeepappreciationofartasart.It'sasiftheonlyaestheticpleasurethereisinpoetryorfictionormusicisintherecognitionoftechnicaldevicesandform.

Everythingthatmakesartapowerfulinstrumentinhumanlifeisdependentuponitsbeingamediumforlife,notathinginitself…(4)Whentheso-calledaesthetictemperamentwishestoexpelfromtheholycitadelallthatisextraneoustoart,itendsupactuallyreducingarttothedryabstractionofmathematics.No,itcannotbeemphasizedenough:poetryisnotwords,musicisnotnotes,paintingisnotbrushstrokes.Poetryisfeeling:allartisfeeling.Thequalitythatmakesapieceofartagreatworkissimplyandonlythedepthofitshumanity.Whiletechnicaldevices,formandgenrearethefleshandbonesofanart,emotionsareitssoul.

Ultimatelyallaestheticmoments,liketheartthatdrawsthemforth,areindividualistic…theaestheticmoment,then,requirestwoequalpartners.(5)

Theartistmustpresentanintrinsicallymovingsubjectuniversalinscope,andtheappreciatormustbringtotheworkthewillingsuspensionofdisbeliefandtheintelligenceandhumanitytoenterintotheartist'sworld.Sinceempathy,theabilitytoputoneselfintheshoesofanother,isthefoundationofthemoralsense,theaestheticmomentisalsoanethicalmoment.

【答案】1.虽然最低层次的审美鉴赏仅仅是出于人类学或社会学的兴趣,但是最高层次的审美鉴赏却可能复制艺术的创造且与它存在于同一水平上。

2.我的理论是艺术集中并引导情感和体验,否则这些情感和体验在心理上是不成熟和不成形的。

3.几乎每次我在大量发行的文学机构和舆论杂志中偶然遇到提及的美学时,该讨论都以作为艺术的深层次艺术鉴赏为中心。

4.当所谓的审美情趣希望去将一切与艺术无关的东西从神圣的审美大本营中驱逐出时,这实际上把艺术简化为数学的枯燥抽象。

5.艺术必须呈现一个在范围上广泛适用的本质上动人的主题,而艺术鉴赏者必须在作品中表现出自愿的不相信,以及进入艺术家世界的智慧和人性。

22.单选题

Thehopes,goals,fearsanddesires(

)widelybetweenmenandwomen,betweentherichandthepoor.

问题1选项

A.alter

B.vary

C.transfer

D.shift

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。alter改变,更改;vary改变,变化;transfer转移,转变;shift转移,变换。

句意:希望、目标、恐惧和欲望在男人和女人之间、富人和穷人之间大不相同。这几个词都有改

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