考研考博-英语-东北师范大学人文学院考试押题卷含答案详解

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-东北师范大学人文学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Thereare______approachestoEnglishteachingHutnotallofthemareequallyefficientforourChinesestudents.

问题1选项

A.originate

B.diverse

C.double

D.joint

【答案】B

【解析】【试题解析】考查词义辨析。A选项originate“起源；创建”；B选项diverse“多种多样的”；C选项double“两倍的；成双的；双人的”；D选项joint“联合的”。句意：英语教学的方法______，但并不是所有的方法对我们的中国学生都同样有效。根据不是所有的方法都有效，可知有很多种方法，B选项diverse“多种多样的”符合题意。因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Vaccinesarenormallyconceivedtofightinfectiousdisease,butanew_______willbringcheertothosewhohaveresolvedtokickcertainhabitsinthenewyear.

问题1选项

A.shot

B.bound

C.finitude

D.gunnery

【答案】B

【解析】shot射击;bound界限,范围;finitude界限,限制;gunnery射击,重炮。句意：疫苗通常被认为是用来对抗传染病的,但是一项新的进展将给那些决心在新的一年改掉某些习惯的人带来希望。选项B符合句意。

3.单选题

Moviedirectorsusemusicto（）theactiononthescreen.

问题1选项

A.contaminate

B.compliment

C.contemplate

D.complement

【答案】D

【解析】动词词义辨析。contaminate“污染，弄脏”；compliment“恭维，称赞”；contemplate“沉思，注视”；complement“补足，补助”。句意：电影导演运用音乐去补充屏幕上的动作。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Thereisnoreasontoinsultand（

）themansimplybecauseyoudonotagreewithhim.

问题1选项

A.depict

B.enervate

C.distort

D.defame

【答案】D

【解析】depict描述，描画；enervate使衰弱，使失去活力；distort扭曲，变形；defame诽谤，中伤。句意：如果仅仅是因为你不同意他的观点，那么你没有理由侮辱和诋毁他。选项D符合句意。

5.单选题

Acomprehensivemarketsystemshouldbeestablishedto______theflowoftalent,fundsandmaterials.

问题1选项

A.suffice

B.necessitate

C.facilitate

D.fabricate

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.suffice足够；足以B.necessitate使成为必要

C.facilitate促进；促使D.fabricate编造；捏造

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】按照句意“应该建立一个全面的市场体系来______人才、资金和物资的流动”，根据空格后的单词flow可知，空格处表示“促进”符合句意，故该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项都不符合句意。

【句意】应该建立一个全面的市场体系来促进人才、资金和物资的流动。

6.单选题

Thattradeprotectionhurtstheeconomyofthecountrythatimposesitisoneoftheoldestbutstillmoststartlinginsightseconomicshastooffer.Theideadatesbacktotheoriginofeconomicscienceitself.AdamSmith’sTheWealthofNations,whichgavebirthtoeconomics,alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade.Ininternationaleconomicsitisthedirectcounterparttotheideathatpeoplewithinanationaleconomywillbebetteroffiftheyspecializeatwhattheydobestinsteadoftryingtobeself-sufficient

Itisimportanttodistinguishbetweenthecasesforfreetradeforoneselfandthecaseforfreetradeforall.Theformerisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveonenation’sownwelfare(the"national-efficiency”argument).Thelatterisanargumentforfreetradetoimproveeverytradingcountry'swelfare(the"cosmopolitan-efficiency"argument).

Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices,butgovernmentsmaydistortmarketpricesby,forexample,subsidizingproductionorgovernmentsmayprotectintellectualpropertyinadequately,causingunderproductionofnewknowledge.

Thecosmopolitan-efficiencycaseforfreetradeisrelevanttoquestionssuchasthedesignofinternationaltraderegimes.Thenational-efficiencycaseforfreetradeconcernsnationaltradepolicies;itis,infact,AdamSmith'scaseforfreetrade.Economiststypicallyhavethenational-efficiencycaseinmindwhentheytalkoftheadvantageoffreetradeandofthefollyofprotectionism.

ThetradepolicyoftheUnitedStatestodayispremisedonadifferentassessment:thatindeedU.S.marketscan,andshould,beclosedasameansofopeningnewmarketsabroad.Thispremiseunderliessections301through310ofthe1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.Theseprovisionspermit,andsometimesevenrequire,theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot.Butthose”tradeobligations"donotalwaysentailfreetrade.Theycan,forinstance,taketheformofvoluntaryquotasonexportsofcertaingoodstotheUnitedStates.Thus,theymaysimplyforceweaknationstoredirecttheirtradeinwaysthatstrongnationsdesire,cuttingawayattheprinciplethattradeshouldbeguidedbymarketprices.Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition.

1.Theauthormentionsthatit’strueofAdamSmiththathearguedthat（

）.

2.Thenational-efficiencyandthe“cosmopolitan-efficiency”argumentrestontheassumptionthat（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPTtheargumentthat（

）.

4.Theauthorismostcriticalof（

）.

5.Thebeststatementtosummarizetheauthor'sargumentwouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.protectionismininternationaltradewasbad.

B.specializationwasgood,whichledotherstoadvocatefreetrade.

C.dueto“cosmopolitan-efficiency”freetradewasdesirable

D.freetrademustalsobefairtrade.

问题2选项

A.freetradeallowsforselfsufficiency.

B.pricesarethesameineachtradingnation

C.marketproductioniscompletelyunregulatedbythegovernments.

D.pricesaren’tbeingaffectedbygovernments’policies.

问题3选项

A.theU.S.hasnotadheredtotheprincipleoffreetradeinpractice.

B.theU.S.oftenusesthethreatofpunishmentforitsownadvantage.

C.voluntaryquotasaredesirablealternativestoprotectionism.

D."Fairtrade”policiesareoftenjustdisguisedformsofprotectionism.

问题4选项

A.the"nationalefficiency"argument.

B.the"cosmopolitanefficiency"argument.

C.thegovernmentoftheU.S.

D.the1988OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessAct.

问题5选项

A.freetradeisdesirablebutitstheoryisnotgenerallyaccepted.

B.UStradepolicygoesagainstthewisdomofeconomists.

C.protectionismisfollyforanumberofreasons.

D.theU.S.isbeingunfairinitsforeignpolicies.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节题。第一段指出：...alreadycontainedtheargumentforfreetrade:byspecializinginproductioninsteadofproducingeverything,eachnationwouldprofitfromfreetrade(专营某一类产品而不是所有的产品，每个国家都将会从自由贸易中获利)。

2.细节题。第三段指出:Underlyingbothcasesistheassumptionthatfreemarketsdetermineprices(以上两种是基于自由市场决定价格这一假设)。

3.细节题。文章最后一句话：Mucheconomicanalysisshowsthatinthepast

20yearsU.S."fairtrade"mechanismsturnedincreasinglyintoprotectionistinstrumentsusedunfairlyagainstforeigncompetition(过去20年间，美国所谓的“公平贸易”机制已日益转变为美国实施不公平外贸竞争的保护工具。故可知A项(美国在实践中没有坚持自由贸易原则)、D项(公平贸易政策往往只是伪装成保护主义的形式)符合文章内容，排除。第四段：...theU.S.governmenttoforceothercountriesintoacceptingnewtradeobligationsbythreateningtariffretaliationiftheydonot...美国通过恐吓式的关税报复方式，迫使其他国家接受其新的贸易政策。由此可知，B项（美国经常出于自身利益而使用惩罚威胁）符合文章内容，排除。由此可以推断C正确。

4.推断题。文章指出:美国现行的贸易政策是以不同评估标准为前提,这一前提是依据1988年通过的《贸易和竞争力综合法案》第301条至310条规定。这些规定使得美国可以通过恐吓式的关税报复方式，迫使其他国家接受其新的贸易政策。因此推测D项正确。

5.主旨大意题。B项(美国的贸易政策违背了经济学)比较能概括全文主旨。

7.单选题

“Depression”ismorethanaseriouseconomicdownturn.Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.Theysaveupcashanddesperatelycutspending.Theysellstocksandotherassets.Ashatteringlossofconfidenceinspiresbehaviorthatoverwhelmsthenormalself-correctingmechanismsthatusuallypreventarecessionfrombecomingdeepandprolonged:adepression.

Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofPresidentObama’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.True,stockpricesfellathirdfromSeptembertoDecember1929,butfewerAmericansthenownedstocks.Moreover,homepricesbarelydropped.FromDecember1928toDecember1929,totalhouseholdwealthdeclinedonly3%.Bycontrast,thelossinhouseholdwealthbetweenDecember2007andDecember2008was17%.Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.Thustraumatized,theeconomymighthavegoneintoafreefallendingindepression.Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.Spendingonsuch“durables”droppedata12%annualratein2008’sthirdquarter,a20%rateinthefourth.Andbusinessshelvedinvestmentprojects.

Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn’tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbythegovernment.Privatemarketsforgoods,services,labor,andsecuritiesdomostlyself-correct,butpanicfeedsonitselfanddisarmsthesestabilizingtendencies.Inthissituation,onlygovernmentcanprotecttheeconomyasawhole,becausemostindividualsandcompaniesareinvolvedintheself-defeatingbehaviorofself-protection.

Government’sfailuretoperformthisroleintheearly1930stransformedrecessionintodepression.Scholarswilldebatewhichinterventionsthistime—theFederalReserve’ssupportofafailingcreditsystem,guaranteesofbanddebt.Obama’s“stimulus”planandbank“stresstest”—countedmostinpreventingarecurrence.Regardless,allthesecomplexmeasureshadthesamepsychologicalpurpose:toreassurepeoplethatthisfreefallwouldstopand,thereby,curbthefearthatwouldperpetuateafreefall.

Alltheseimprovedconfidence.Buttheconsumersentimentindexremainsweek,andallthereboundhasoccurredinAmericans’evaluationoffutureeconomicconditionsnotthepresent.Unemployment(9.8%)isabysmal,therecovery’sstrengthunclear.Here,too,thereisanechofromthe1930s.Despitebottomingoutin1933,theDepressiondidn’tenduntilWorldWarII.Somegovernmentpoliciesaidedrecovery;somehinderedit.Thegoodnewstodayisthatthebadnewsisnotworse.

66.Whydoconsumers,businessesandinvestorsretreatandpanicintimesofdepression?

67.WhatdoesChristinaRomersayaboutthecurrenteconomicrecession?

68.Whydidn’tthecurrentrecessionturnintoadepressionaccordingtoChristinaRomer?

69.Whatisthechiefpurposeofallthecountermeasurestaken?

70.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftoday’seconomicsituation?

问题1选项

A.Theysuffergreatlossesinstocks,propertyandotherassets.

B.Theyfindtheself-correctingmechanismsdysfunctioning.

C.Theyareafraidthenormalsocialorderwillbeparalyzed.

D.Theydon’tknowwhatisgoingtohappeninthefuture.

问题2选项

A.ItsseverityisnomatchfortheGreatDepressionof1929.

B.Itsinitialblowtoconfidencefarexceededthatof1929.

C.Ithasaffectedhouseownersmorethanstockholders.

D.Ithasresultedinafreefallofthepricesofcommodities.

问题3选项

A.Thegovernmentintervenedeffectively.

B.Privatemarketscorrectedthemselves.

C.Peoplerefrainedfrombuyingdurablesandbigticketitems.

D.Individualsandcompaniesadoptedself-protectionmeasures.

问题4选项

A.Tocreatejobopportunities.

B.Tocurbthefearofalastingfreefall.

C.Tostimulatedomesticconsumption.

D.Torebuildthecreditsystem.

问题5选项

A.Itmayworsenwithoutfurtherstimulation.

B.Itwillseeareboundsoonerorlater.

C.Ithasnotgonefrombadtoworse.

D.Itdoesnotgivepeoplereasonforpessimism.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】66.细节事实题。题干意思是“为什么消费者、企业和投资者在萧条时期会退缩和恐慌？”。根据第一段第二句Whatdistinguishesadepressionfromaharshrecessionisparalyzingfear—fearoftheunknownsogreatthatitcausesconsumers,businesses,andinvestorstoretreatandpanic.（大萧条和严重的衰退的区别在于麻痹性的恐惧——对未知的恐惧如此之大，以至于导致消费者、企业和投资者撤退和恐慌）可知，消费者、企业和投资者在萧条时期会退缩和恐慌是因为他们对未知的恐惧，所以D项“他们不知道将来会发生什么”正确，C项“他们害怕正常的社会秩序会瘫痪”错误。A项“他们在股票、房地产和其他资产上遭受了巨大损失”，出售股票和其他资产是他们会采取的措施，而非原因；B项“他们发现自我纠正机制失灵”，自我纠正机制失灵是由于人们出售股票和资产，削减开支等措施而导致的，和消费者、企业和投资者在萧条时期会退缩和恐慌的原因无关。因此，该题选择D项正确。

67.细节事实题。题干意思是“ChristinaRomer对当前的经济衰退有什么看法？”。根据题干关键词ChristinaRomer可以定位到文章第二段第一句Comparing1929with2007-09,ChristinaRomer,theheadofPresidentObama’sCouncilofEconomicAdvisers,findstheinitialblowtoconfidencefargreaternowthanthen.（将1929年与2007-2009年相比，奥巴马总统经济顾问委员会主席ChristinaRomer发现，目前对信心的最初打击要比当时严重得多）可知，B项“它最初对信心的打击远远超过了1929年”正确。A项“它的严重性比不上1929年的大萧条”错误，文中提到对信心的打击远远比1929年严重；第二段第六句提到Bothstocksandhomes,morewidelyheld,droppedmore.（更广泛持有的股市和楼市跌幅更大），可知经济衰退对股票持有者和楼盘拥有者的影响都很大，但并没有做比较，C项“它对房主的影响大于股票持有者”错误；第二段最后提到Indeed,itdidgointofreefall.Shoppersrefrainedfrombuyingcars,appliances,andotherbig-ticketitems.（事实上，它的确是自由落体；购物者不再购买汽车、电器和其他高价商品），可知，经济衰退影响了人们对汽车、电器等耐用品的花费，但文中没有提到所有的商品都是自由落体，D项“这导致了商品价格的自由下跌”错误。因此，该题选择B项正确。

68.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据ChristinaRomer的说法，为什么当前的衰退没有演变成萧条？”。根据第三段第一句Thatthesehugedeclinesdidn’tleadtodepressionmainlyreflects,asRomerargues,countermeasurestakenbythegovernment.（正如罗默所说，这些巨大的下降并没有导致经济萧条，这主要反映了政府所采取的对策）可知，A项“政府有效干预”正确；第三段后面提到Privatemarketsforgoods,services,labor,andsecuritiesdomostlyself-correct,butpanicfeedsonitselfanddisarmsthesestabilizingtendencies.Inthissituation,onlygovernmentcanprotecttheeconomyasawhole,becausemostindividualsandcompaniesareinvolvedintheself-defeatingbehaviorofself-protection.（商品、服务、劳动力和证券的私人市场大多能自我纠正，但恐慌会自生自灭，并解除这些稳定的倾向；在这种情况下，只有政府才能保护整个经济，因为大多数个人和企业都卷入了自我保护的自暴自弃行为），所以B项“私人市场自我修正”、C项“人们避免购买耐用品和大件物品”和D项“个人和企业采取了自我保护措施”都不正确。因此，该题选择A项正确。

69.细节事实题。题干意思是“采取这些对策的主要目的是什么？”。第四段谈到了应对经济萧条的措施，即奥巴马的“刺激”计划和银行“压力测试”，接着在最后一句提到了这些措施的目的：Regardless,allthesecomplexmeasureshadthesamepsychologicalpurpose:toreassurepeoplethatthisfreefallwouldstopand,thereby,curbthefearthatwouldperpetuateafreefall.（无论如何，所有这些复杂的措施都有同样的心理目的：安抚人们，让他们相信自由落体将会停止，从而抑制自由落体将会持续的恐惧），故B项“抑制对持续自由落体的恐惧”正确。A项“创造就业机会”、C项“刺激国内消费”和D项“重建信用体系”都是属于采取的对策，而非目的。因此，该题选择B项正确。

70.细节事实题。题干意思是“作者对当今的经济形势有什么看法？”。文章最后一段作者表达了自己对目前经济形式的看法，在最后两句有体现：Somegovernmentpoliciesaidedrecovery;somehinderedit.Thegoodnewstodayisthatthebadnewsisnotworse.（一些政府政策帮助了经济复苏，一些政府政策阻碍了经济复苏；但今天的好消息是，坏消息不会更糟），可知作者认为虽然目前的经济形式非常糟糕，但是不会进一步恶化，故C项“它还没有变得更糟”正确。B项“它迟早会有反弹”，文中只提到了1929年经济大萧条的触底反弹，没有讨论到当今经济形势的反弹；A项“如果没有进一步的刺激，情况可能会恶化”和D项“它没有给人们悲观的理由”都与文章不符。因此，该题选择C项正确。

8.单选题

Colourblindnessisinabilitytodistinguishoneormoreofthethreecoloursred,green,andblue.(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates,including,amongothers,manandtheotherprimates,fish,amphibians,somereptiles,andsomebirds;andinbeesandbutterflies.)Intheretina,thelight-sensitivelayeroftissuethatlinesthebackandsidesoftheeyeball,thereare,inhumanbeings,threetypesofcones,thevisualcellsthatfunctionintheperceptionofcolour.Onetypeabsorbslightbestinwavelengthsofblue-violetandanotherinthewavelengthsofgreen.Thethirdtypeismostsensitivetowavelengthsofyellowbutisalsosensitivetored.

Colour-blindpersonsmaybeblindtoone,two,orallofthecoloursred.green,andblue.(Blindnesstorediscalledprotanopia;togreen,deuteranopia;andtoblue,tritanopia.)Red-blindpersonsareordinarilyunabletodistinguishbetweenredandgreen,whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow.Green-blindpersonsareunabletoseethegreenpartofthespectrum.

Colourblindness,whichaffectsabout20timesasmanymalesasfemales,isasex-linkedrecessivecharacteristic.Awomanmustinheritthetraitfrombothparentstobecolour-blind.Acolour-blindmanandawomanofnormalcolourvisionhavedaughterswhohavenormalcolourvision.Butarecarriersofthetrait—thatis,thedaughtersmayhavecolour-blindsonsanddaughterswhoarecarriers.Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring.Thesonofanormalmanandacarrierwomanmaybecolour-blind,andthedaughterofsuchaunionmaybeacarrier.Thus,colourblindnesstendstoskipgenerations.

1.（）personisunabletodistinguishblueandyellow.

2.Theunderlinedword“skip”inthelastsentenceofthispassagemostprobablymeans（）.

3.Accordingtothispassage,（）.

4.Itcanbeknowfromthispassagethat（）hasnormalvisionandisunabletopassthecolour-blind

traitontooffspring.

问题1选项

A.Acolour-blind

B.Adeuteranopic

C.Aprotanopic

D.Atritanopic

问题2选项

A.omit

B.clip

C.slip

D.emit

问题3选项

A.inabilitytodistinguishonlyonecolourisusuallynotregardedascolourblindness

B.onlyafewvertebrateshavetheabilitytoseecolours

C.onlyhumanshavetheremarkableabilitytoseecolours

D.allvertebratescannotseecolours

问题4选项

A.thedaughterofacolour-blindmanandacolour-blindwoman

B.thedaughterofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

C.thesonofanormalmanandacolour-blindwoman

D.thesonofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvision

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“什么色盲的人分不清蓝色和黄色？”文章第二段提到“蓝盲的人不能区分蓝色和黄色”(whileblue-blindpersonscannotdistinguishbetweenblueandyellow)，前面提到toblue,tritanopia，因此选项D符合题意。

2.词义题。题目问的是“划线单词skip的意思”。文章第三段提到男性色盲的发病率是女性色盲的20倍，并且提到色盲有隔代遗传的特点，因此skipgeneration就是“隔代”的意思，因此选项A符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知……”。文章第一段提到只有少数几种脊椎动物具有看颜色的能力(Abilitytoseecolourexistsinonlyafewvertebrates)，由此可知选项B符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“通过文章可知，下列哪种情况不会遗传给下一代？”文章第三句提到色盲男性和视力正常的女性的儿子视力正常，且不能将色盲形状遗传给后代（Thesonsofacolour-blindmanandawomanwithnormalvisionthemselveshavenormalvisionandareunabletopassthecolour-blindtraitontooffspring），因此选项D符合题意。

9.单选题

Absolutelyoneofthefinestbuysonthemarket.Spacioushomewithlargelivingroom,separate15-footdiningroomwithcrystalchandelierandbuilt-inbuffet,paneledfamilyroomwithfireplace,hugekitchenwithlotsofcabinets,bigcheerybreakfastroom,2.5baths,4hugebedrooms(oneisseparateandcouldbeaplayroomorofferscompleteprivacywithseparateentranceforguests).Thereisacoveredpatioandlandscapedyard.Betterthannewwithdraperiesandnewaircompressor.$160,000.CallLaneHitcher(home)926-6043.

1.Whatroomintheaboveadvertisementisdescribedashavingseveralpossibleuses?

2.Whichroomisdescribedinthemostdetail?

3.Whatdetailisemphasizedinthedescriptionofmostrooms?

4.Onefeatureofthehousethatisnotmentionedis（

）.

5.The“buffet”mentionedinthedescriptionis（

）.

问题1选项

A.thediningroom

B.thefamilyroom

C.onebedroom

D.theplayroom

问题2选项

A.thelivingroom

B.thediningroom

C.thefamilyroom

D.thekitchen

问题3选项

A.cheerfulness

B.built-ins

C.typeofchandeliers

D.size

问题4选项

A.thedraperies

B.thewalk-inclosetinthebedroom

C.thelandscapedyard

D.panelinginthefamilyroom

问题5选项

A.alightfixture

B.alargemeal

C.abookcase

D.aservingtableforfood

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】1.事实细节题。由题干关键词room定位到文章第二句，句中详细提到了许多功能房间，有一个例外，括号中提到“oneisseparateandcouldbeaplayroomorofferscompleteprivacywithseparateentranceforguests一个独立的房间，可以是一个娱乐室或提供完全的私密空间”，而这个房间是4个大卧室中的一间。因此C选项正确。

2.事实细节题。本题需要找出描写最详细的房间，依然在第二句中观察，只有餐厅使用了“separate单独的”、“15-foot15英尺长”、“crystalchandelier水晶吊灯”和“built-inbuffet内置餐台”修饰，因此对于餐厅的描述最为详细。B选项正确。

3.事实细节题。本题需要找出的是房间描述中最为强调的细节。A选项cheerfulness“高兴”相关词汇cheery仅出现在早餐室的描述中；B选项builts-ins“内置设施”出现在厨房的描述中，在描述家庭活动室时使用了“paneledwithfireplace镶嵌着壁炉”同样也是内置设施；C选项“typeofchandeliers吊灯类型”出现在对餐厅的描述中；D选项“size尺寸”只出现在对餐厅的描写中。因此B选项正确。

4.判断推理题。这所房子没有提到的一个细节需要用排除法解决。A选项thedraperies“装饰织物”出现在倒数第二句；C选项thelandscapedyard“带景观的源自”出现在倒数第三句；D选项panelinginthefamilyroom“家庭娱乐室的镶板”出现在第二句中。因此B选项符合题意。

5.词义推断题。Buffet出现在对餐厅的描述中。A选项alightfixture“灯具；照明设备”；B选项alargemeal“一顿大餐”；C选项abookcase“一个书柜”；D选项aservingtableforfood“放置食物的餐桌”。待售房屋的餐厅中应该有的是餐桌，D选项正确。

10.翻译题

参与并取胜，这就是奥林匹克精神。他表现于弱者勇于向强者挑战，也表现于强者力争取得更好的成绩。胜而又胜，优而更优，这种理想一直鼓舞着运动员奋力前进。有人说竞技者终宄会是失败者，即使是最佳运动员也终将被更强者淘汰。成千上万个失败者才涌现一个胜利者，这个胜利者最终仍将被取代，挤出光荣榜——这就是竞技运动的规律。然而运动员却从不为这种不可避免的失败结局所沮丧，仍然力争最佳发挥。

【答案】Toparticipateandtowin—thatistheOlympicspirit.Itfindsexpressionintheweakdaringtodefythestrong,andthestrongstrivingforeverbetterperformance.Everbetter—theidealalwaysluringasportsmanforward.Itissaidthatnoneofthecompetitorscanavoidbeingdefeated—eventhebestisboundtobesurpassedbysomeonestillstronger.Thousandsofloserssetoffonevictorwhointurnwilleventuallybereplacedbysomeoneonthehonorlist.Thisistheruleofsports.However,undauntedbytheinevitablefailure,heisalwaysstrivingtodothebesthecan.

11.单选题

Inthevastmajorityofcases,thepopulace（老百姓）tendsto（）economicsuccesswithdemocracy.

问题1选项

A.digest

B.distinguish

C.assimilate

D.identify

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。digest消化,吸收;distinguish区分,一般与from搭配;assimilate吸收,同化;assimilatewith使相似,将...比作...;identify鉴定,识别。句意：在绝大多数情况下,民众倾向于将经济成功与民主等同起来。选项C符合句意。

12.单选题

Artisconsideredbymanypeopletobenomorethanadecorativemeansofgivingpleasure.Thisisnotalwaysthecase,however;attimes,artmaybeseentohaveapurelyfunctionalsideaswell.SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.

AccordingtoNavahotraditions,onewhosuffersfromeitheramentaloraphysicalillnesshasinsomewaydisturbedorgetintouchwiththesupernatural-perhapsacertainanimal,aghost,orthedead.Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda“singer”toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.Duringtheceremony,whichmaylastfrom2to9days,the“singer”willproduceasandpaintingonthefloor.Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe“singer”willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.Aftertheceremony,thesandpaintingisthendestroyedanddisposedofsoitspowerwon’tharmanyone.

Theartofsandpaintingishandeddownfromold“singers”.ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.The“singer”holdsasmallamountofthissandinhishandandletsitflowbetweenhisfingersontoaclean,flatsurfaceonthefloor,withasteadyhandandgreatpatience.Heisthusabletocreatedesignsofstylizedpeople,snakesandothercreaturesthathavepowerintheNavahobeliefsystem.ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis;however,suchreproductionscaninfactbepurchasedtodayintouristshopsinArizonaandNewMexico.ThesearedonebyeitherNavahoIndiansorbyotherpeoplewhowishtopreservethiscraft.

1.Agoodtitleforthisarticlemightbe______.

2.Thepurposeofhealingceremonyis______.

3.The“singer”rubsandonthepatientbecause_______.

4.Whatisusedtoproduceasandpainting?

5.Itcanbeinferredthat______.

问题1选项

A.ModernArt

B.TheNavahoIndian

C.Sandpainting

D.Medicine

问题2选项

A.topleasuresupernaturalpowers

B.toattractsupernaturalpowers

C.tofrightensupernaturalpowers

D.tocreateasandpainting

问题3选项

A.thepatientreceivesstrengthfromthesand

B.ithasmedicalvalue

C.itdecoratesthepatient

D.itisoneofthespecialprocessoftheceremony

问题4选项

A.paint

B.beachsand

C.crushedsandstone

D.flour

问题5选项

A.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisnothingbutakindofart

B.intheNavaho’sopinion,sandpaintingisonlyahealingmethod

C.theNavahounderstandssandpaintingasakindofrelaxation

D.theNavahotakessandpaintingasapurepleasureoftheirlife

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“SuchcouldbesaidofthesandpaintingsoftheNavahoIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwest;thesehaveamedicinalaswellasanartisticpurpose.（美国西南部纳瓦霍印第安人的沙画就是这样。它们既有药用价值也有艺术价值。）”，并且全文都在描写沙画的药用和艺术价值，因此C选项“沙画”正确。A选项“现代艺术”；B选项“纳瓦霍印第安人”以及D选项“药物”都不符合文章大意，因此C选项正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Tobreakawayfromthis,thesickpersonoroneofhisrelativeswillemployamedicalmancalleda‘singer’toperformacuringceremonywhichwillattractapowerfulsupernaturalbeing.（为了摆脱这种情况，病人或他的亲属将雇用一个被称为“歌手”的医生来执行治愈仪式，用来吸引超自然力量生物。）”，由此可知B选项“吸引超自然力量”正确。A选项“享受超自然力量”；C选项“吓唬超自然力量”不符合文意，D选项“创建沙画”并不是举行治愈仪式的目的，而是一种手段，因此B选项正确。

3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“Onthelastdayoftheceremony,thepatientwillsitonthissandpaintingandthe‘singer’willrubtheailingpartsofthepatient’sbodyfromaspecificfigureinthesandpainting.Inthiswaythepatientabsorbsthepowerofthatparticularsupernaturalbeingandbecomesstrong.（在仪式的最后一天，患者将坐在这幅沙画上，‘歌手’将从沙画中的特定人物身上摩擦患者身体的患病部位。通过这种方式，病人吸收了那个特殊超自然存在的力量，变得强壮起来。）”，由此可知A选项“病人从沙子中获得力量”正确。B选项“它有医疗价值”；C选项“装饰病人”都不符合文意，D选项“这是仪式的一个特殊过程”并不能作为往病人身上擦沙子的原因，因此A选项正确。

4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“ThematerialsusedareeasilyfoundwheretheNavahosettle:brown,red,yellow,andwhitesandstone,whichisgroundmuchascornisgroundintoflour.（使用的材料很容易在纳瓦霍人定居的地方找到：棕色、红色、黄色和白色的砂岩，这些砂岩被磨碎，就像玉米被磨成面粉一样。）”，由此可知沙画是由碎沙岩的沙子组成的，因此C选项“碎沙岩”正确。A选项“油漆”；B选项“沙滩上的沙子”以及D选项“面粉”都不符合文意，因此C选项正确。

5.判断推理题。结合文章第二段以及第三段中的“ThetraditionalNavahodoesn’tallowcopyingsandpaintings,sincehebelievesthesupernaturalpowersthattaughthimthecrafthaveforbiddenthis...（传统的纳瓦霍人不允许复制沙画，因为他相信教会他这一技艺的超自然力量禁止了这一行为……）”可知，在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只是一种治愈超自然力量的手段，并没有意识到它的艺术价值，从他们禁止复制沙画这一举措就可看出。因此B选项“在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只是一种治疗方法”说法正确。A选项“在纳瓦霍人看来，沙画只不过是一种艺术”；C选项“纳瓦霍人认为沙画是一种放松”以及D选项“纳瓦霍人把沙画当作生活的纯粹乐趣”都不符合文意，因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Atsometimeinyourlifeyoumayhaveastrongdesiretodosomethingstrangeorterrible.However,chancesarethatyoudon’tactonyourimpulse,butletitpassinstead.Youknowthattocommittheactioniswronginsomewayandthatotherpeoplewillnotacceptyourbehavior.

Perhapsthemostinterestingthingaboutthephenomenonoftaboobehaviorishowitcanchangeovertheyearswithinthesamesociety,howcertainbehaviorandattitudesonceconsideredtaboocanbecomeperfectlyacceptableandnaturalatanotherpointintime.Topicssuchasdeath,forexample,wereonceconsideredsoupsettingandunpleasantthatitwasatabootoeventalkaboutthem.NowwiththepublicationofimportantbookssuchasOnDeathandDyingandLearningtoSayGoodbye,peoplehavebecomemoreawareoftheimportanceofexpressingfeelingsaboutdeathand,asaresult,aremorewillingtotalkaboutthistaboosubject.

OneofthenewesttaboosinAmericansocietyisthetopicoffat.Unlikemanyothertaboos,fatistopicthatAmericanstalkaboutconstantly.It’snottaboototalkaboutfat;it’stabootobefat.The“in”lookisthin,notfat.Intheworkworld,mostcompaniespreferyouthful-looking,trimexecutivestoselltheirimageaswellastheirproductstothepublic.Thethinlookisassociatedwi