考研考博-英语-宁夏幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-宁夏幼儿师范高等专科学校考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Theelectronicallydevelopedcountriesare______nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself,andinitsplace,therecreationoforalculture.

问题1选项

A.accessing

B.evolving

C.witnessing

D.misleading

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项access“接近，使用，访问”，B项evolve“发展，进化，使逐步形成”，C项witness“目击，见证，为……作证”，D项mislead“误导，带错”。根据空格后的宾语nothinglessthantheabandonmentofreadingandwritingofwrittenlanguageitself“对书面语言本身的阅读和书写的完全抛弃”可知，“目睹、见证”符合语境。句意：在电子发达的国家，人们目睹了对书面语言本身的阅读和书写的抛弃，取而代之的是口头文化的再造。因此，该题选择C项正确。

2.单选题

1.Inthequestforbetterhealth,manypeopleturntodoctors,self-helpbooksorherbalsupplements.Buttheyoverlookapowerfulweaponthatcouldhelpthemfightillnessanddepression,speedrecovery,slowagingandprolonglife:theirfriends.Researchersareonlynowstartingtopayattentiontotheimportanceoffriendshipandsocialnetworksinoverallhealth.A10-yearAustralianstudyfoundthatolderpeoplewithalargecircleoffriendswere22percentlesslikelytodieduringthestudyperiodthanthosewithfewerfriends.Alarge2007studyshowedanincreaseofnearly60percentintheriskforobesityamongpeoplewhosefriendsgainedweightAndlastyear,Harvardresearchersreportedthatstrongsocialtiescouldpromotebrainhealthasweage.“Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated,”saidRebeccaGAdams,aprofessorofsociologyattheUniversityofNorthCarolina,Greensboro.“Thereisjustscadsofstuffonfamiliesandmarriage,butverylittleonfriendship.Itbafflesme.Friendshiphasabiggerimpactonourpsychologicalwell一beingthanfamilyrelationships.”

2.Inanewbook,“TheGirlsFromAmes:AStoryofWomenanda40—YearFriendship”(Gotham),JeffreyZaslowtellsthestoryof11childhoodfriendswhoscatteredfromIowatoeightdifferentStates.Despitethedistance,theirfriendshipsenduredthroughcollegeandmarriage,divorceandothercrises,includingthedeathofoneofthewomeninher20s.Using,scrapbooks,photoalbumsandthewomen’sownmemories,Mr.Zaslowchronicleshowtheirclosefriendshipshaveshapedtheirlivesandcontinuetosustainthem.Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter.

3.Twoofthefriendshaverecentlylearnedtheyhavebreastcancer.KellyZwagerman,

nowahighschoolteacherwholivesinNorthfield,Minn,saidthatwhenshegotherdiagnosisinSeptember2007，herdoctortoldhertosurroundherselfwithlovedones.Instead,shereachedouttoherchildhoodfriends,eventhoughtheylivedfaraway,“ThefirstpeopleItoldwerethewomenfromAmes，”shesaidinaninterview.Je-mailedthem.Iimmediatelyhade-mailsandphonecallsandmessagesofsupport.Itwasinstantthatthelovepouredinfromallofthem.”Whenshecomplainedthathertreatmentledtopainfulsoresinherthroat,anAmesgirlsentasmoothiemakerandrecipes.Another,whohadlostadaughtertoleukemia,sentMs.Zwagermanahand-knittedhat,knowingherheadwouldbecoldwithouthair,stillanothersentpajamasmadeofspecialfabrictohelpcopewithnightsweats.MsZwagermansaidshewasoftenmorecomfortablediscussingherillnesswithhergirlfriendsthanwithherdoctor，“Wegosofarbackthatthesewomenwilltalkaboutanything，”shesaid.

4.Ms.ZwagermansaysherfriendsfromAmeshavebeenanessentialfactorinhertreatmentandrecovery,andresearchherout.In2006,astudyofnearly3,000nurseswithbreastcancerfoundthatwomenwithoutclosefriendswerefourtimesaslikelytodiefromthediseaseaswomenwith10ormorefriends.Andnotably,proximityandtheamountofcontactwithafriendwasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Justhavingfriendswasprotective.

5.BellaDePaulo,avisitingpsychologyprofessorattheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaBarbara,whoseworkfocusesonsinglepeopleandfriendships,notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember.Inthestudyofnurseswithbreastcancer,havingaspousewasn’tassociatedwithsurvival.Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too.Inasix-yearstudyof736middle-ageSwedishmen,attachmenttoasinglepersondidn’tappeartoaffecttheriskofheartattackandfatalcoronaryheartdisease,buthavingfriendshipsdid.Onlysmokingwasasimportantariskfactoraslackofsocialsupport.

6.Exactlywhyfriendshiphassuchabigeffectisn’tentirelyclear.Whilefriendscanrunerrandsandpickupmedicineforasickperson,thebenefitsgowellbeyondphysicalassistance;indeed,proximitydoesnotseemtobeafactor.Itmaybethatpeoplewithstrongsocialtiesalsohavebetteraccesstohealthservicesandcare.Beyondthat,however,friendshipclearlyhasaprofoundpsychologicaleffect.Peoplewithstrongfriendshipsarelesslikelythanotherstogetcolds,perhapsbecausetheyhavelowerstresslevels.

7.Lastyear,researchersstudied34studentsattheUniversityofVirginia,takingthentothebaseofasteephillandfittingthemwithaweightedbackpack.Theywerethenaskedtoestimatethesteepnessofthehill.Someparticipantsstoodnexttofriendsduringtheexercise,whileotherswerealone.Thestudentswhostoodwithfriendsgavetowerestimateofthesteepnessofthehill.Andthelongerthefriendshadknown,eachother,thelesssteepthehillappeared,“Peoplewithstrongerfriendshipnetworksfeellikethereissomeonetheycanturnto.”SaidKarenA.Roberto,directorofthecenterforgerontologyatVirginiaTech.“Friendshipisanundervaluedresource.Theconsistentmessageofthesestudiesisthatfriendsmakeyourlifebetter.”

1.Thesignificanceoffriendshipinkeepingindividualshealth（

）.

2.JefferyZaslowhasrecentlypublishedabook（

）.

3.Thestudiescitedinthearticle（

）

4.Accordingtothearticle,psychologistBellaDepaulothinksthat（

）.

5.Thestudydescribedinparagraph6suggeststhatthepresenceoffriendsmakeshumanbeings（

）.

问题1选项

A.Issomethingaboutwhichmedicalresearchsofarhasnothingtosay,thoughsocialscientistshavelongsuspecteditsrole

B.Hasbeenrecognizedbothintuitivelyandscientificallyformanydecades

C.Waslongoverlookedbyscientists,thoughinthelastfewyearssomej2orstudiesofithavebeenconducted

D.Isnowveryclearinallrespects.

问题2选项

A.Presentingtheresultsofmanyyearsorigorousscientificinvestigationoftheconnectionbetweenfriendshipandlongevity(=longlife)

B.Focusingontheverypositiverolethatfriendshiphasplayedinkeepingelevenwomenhealthyformorethanfortyyears.

C.Showingthatactivefriendshipisveryeffectiveindefeatingcancer

D.Thatexplorestheimpactofanetworkoffriendshipsonmanyaspectsofthelivesofelevenwomen,includingtheirhealth.

问题3选项

A.Seemtosuggestthatthepositiveeffectsoffriendshiponhealthdonotrequireactuallybeingnearfriends

B.Shedlightonthedissimilarhealthimpactofsame-sexfriendshipsversusfriendshipsbetweenpeopleofdifferentsexes.

C.establishthatwomenhaveoreenduringfriendshipthatmendo,andbenefitaccordingly

D.provethatfriendshippromotesthehealthofmenandwomenequally.

问题4选项

A.Friendshipdoesnothavesogreataneffectonhealthasmarriageorbloodtiescan

B.Havingfriendsmaywellbemoreimportantforhealththanhavingrelativesoraspouse

C.Thekeytogoodhealthishavingatleastonepersonwhocanbecountedoninanillness

D.Havingaspouseisasseriousariskfactorassmokingforhumanhealthandlongevity

问题5选项

A.physicallystronger

B.recklessandunrealistic

C.moreenergetic

D.moreoptimistic

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段提到了为证实友谊对健康的益处所做的研究并指出:Ingeneral,theroleoffriendshipinourlivesisn’tterriblywellappreciated(总的来说，友谊在我们生活中的作用并没有得到重视)。故选C:长期以来被科学家忽视,尽管在过去一些年中有做一些相关研究。

2.细节事实题。第二段指出:Theroleoffriendshipintheirhealthandwell-beingisevidentinalmosteverychapter(几乎在每一章中，友谊对他们健康和福祉的作用都是显而易见的)。故选D。

3.细节事实题。第五段:Whilemanyfriendshipstudiesfocusontheintenserelationshipsofwomen,someresearchshowsthatmencanbenefit,too(虽然许多对友谊的研究关注的是女性之间的亲密关系，但一些研究表明，男性也可以从中受益),故选D。

4.观点态度题。第五段:notesthatinmanystudies,friendshiphasanevengreatereffectonhealththanaspouseorfamilymember(BellaDepaulo认为在许多研究中，友谊对健康的影响比配偶或家庭成员更大)。故选B:对于健康而言,朋友可能比有亲戚或配偶更重要。

5.推理判断题。第六段讲的是友谊对于健康的益处。

3.单选题

Igotcaughtinthetraffic;______Iwouldhavebeenheresooner.

问题1选项

A.however

B.although

C.anyway

D.otherwise

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.however然而B.although尽管

C.anyway不管怎样D.otherwise否则

【考查点】句间逻辑。

【解题思路】前半句说“遇上了交通堵塞”，后半句说“我早就来了”，从中可知，后半句是前半句的结果，要用连词otherwise。因此，D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项表示转折；

B、C选项表示让步。

【句意】我遇上了交通堵塞；否则我早就来了。

4.单选题

“Opinion”isawordthatisusedcarelesslytoday.Itisusedtorefertomattersoftaste,belief,andjudgment.Thiscasualusewouldprobablycauselittleconfusionifpeopledidn’tattachtoomuchimportancetoopinion.Unfortunately,mostdoattachgreatimportancetoit.“Ihaveasmuchrighttomyopinionasyoutoyours,，”and“Everyone'sentitledtohisopinion,”arecommonexpressions.Infact,anyonewhowouldchallengeanother’sopinionislikelytobebrandedintolerant.

Isthatlabelaccurate?Isitintoleranttochallengeanother’sopinion?Itdependsonwhatdefinitionofopinionyouhaveinmind.D.Forexample,youmayaskafriend,“WhatdoyouthinkofthenewFordcars?”Andhemayreply,“Inmyopinion,they’reugly.”Inthiscase,itwouldnotonlybeintoleranttochallengehisstatement,butfoolish.Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste.Andastheoldsayinggoes“It'spointlesstoargueaboutmattersoftaste.”

Butconsiderthisverydifferentuseoftheterm,anewspaperreportsthattheSupremeCourthasdelivereditsopinioninacontroversialcase.Obviouslythejusticesdidnotstatetheirpersonalpreferences,theirmerelikesanddislikes.Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation.

Mostofwhatisreferredtoasopinionfallssomewherebetweenthesetwoextremes.Itisnotanexpressionoftaste.Norisitcarefuljudgment.Yetitmaycontainelementsofboth.Itisavieworbeliefmoreorlesscasuallyarrivedat,withorwithoutexaminingtheevidence.

Iseveryoneentitledtohisopinion?Ofcourse,thisisnotonlypermitted,butguaranteed.D.Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers.

1.ThenewFordcarsarecitedasanexampletoshowthat.

2.Consideredjudgmentisdifferentfrompersonalpreferenceinthat.

3.Asindicatedinthepassage,beingfreetoactonone’sopinion.

问题1选项

A.personaltastesarenotsomethingtobechallenged

B.itisunwisetoexpressone’slikesanddislikesinpublic

C.itisfoolishtocriticizeafamousbrand

D.oneshouldnotalwaysagreetoothers'opinions

问题2选项

A.itisaresultofalotofcontroversy

B.itreflectspubliclikesanddislikes

C.itisbasedoncarefulthought

D.itisstatedbyjudgesinthecourt

问题3选项

A.meansthatonecanimposehispreferenceonothers

B.meansthatonecanignoreotherpeople'scriticism

C.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttochargeotherswithoutevidence

D.doesn'tmeanthatonehastherighttodothingsatwill

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第二段倒数第二句话提到意见指的是个人喜好和品味（Forit'sobviousthatbyopinionhemeanshispersonalpreference,amatteroftaste），因此选项A符合题意。

2.判断推理题。文章第三段提到他们陈述的内容是经过深思熟虑得来的（Theystatedtheirconsideredjudgment,painstakinglyarrivedatafterthoroughinquiryanddeliberation），因此选项C符合题意。

3.推理判断题。文章最后一段提到每个人都有权发表自己的意见。但是只有在不伤害他人的情况下，我们才可以自由地按照自己的意见行事（Wearefreetoactonouropinionsonlysolongas,indoingso,wedonotharmothers），由此可知每个人都有权发表自己的意见，但是并不是随心所欲地发表，前提是不伤害别人，因此选项D符合题意。

5.单选题

Thethievesfledwiththelocalpolicecloseontheir______.

问题1选项

A.backs

B.necks

C.toes

D.heels

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.backs（人体或动物的）背部，背B.necks颈，脖子

C.toes脚趾D.heels足跟，脚后跟

【考查点】名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据句意“小偷逃跑了，当地警察______”可知，警察对小偷是紧跟不舍，根据close可以推知空格处表示“紧跟”的意思，而onone’sheels也是常用搭配，表示“紧跟”，所以该题选择D项。

【干扰项排除】

A、B项不符合句意；

C选项“toes”构成固定搭配onone’stoes“警觉的；作好行动准备的”不符合句子逻辑关系，排除。

【句意】小偷逃跑了，当地警察紧追不舍。

6.单选题

Theboyneverattemptedto（）anyexcuseforbeinglate.

问题1选项

A.fluctuate

B.fabricate

C.lubricate

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】句意:这个男孩从不会捏造任何迟到的借口。

考查动词辨析。fluctuate使波动，动摇；fabricate制造，捏造;lubricate使润滑;manipulate操作，处理。空格的宾语是excuse(借口),因此B符合句意。

7.单选题

Itisdifficultto（）thisgoalifyouworkhardcontinuously.

问题1选项

A.attributeto

B.audit

C.bare

D.attain

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析。句意：即使你一直努力工作，也很难这个目标。attributeto归因于；audit稽查，审计；bare揭开;脱掉（衣服）；attain获得，达到。因此，D项符合句意。

8.翻译题

A:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandwriteyourtranslationontheAnswerSheet.

1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatare（）（均衡的饮食对健康是必不可少的）。

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,which（）（把美观和功能完美地结合起来）。

3.我们必须培养分析问题和解决问题的能力。

4.认识落后，才能改变落后。学习先进，才有可能赶超先进。

5.一个不怕困难、百折不挠、坚持到底的科学工作者一定会在科研工作中取得光辉的成就。

【答案】1.Bothresearchandpracticalexperiencehaveshownthatarebalanceddietsareessentialtogoodhealth.

2.Hedesignedthefirstsuspensionbridge,whichcombinesbeautywithfunctionperfectly.

3.Wemustdeveloptheabilitytoanalyzeandsolveproblems.

4.Onlybyunderstandingbackwardnesscanwechangebackwardness.Learningadvancedmakesitpossibletocatchupwithandsurpasstheadvanced.

5.Ascientificworkerwhoisnotafraidofdifficulties,perseveringinspiteofsetbacksandperseveringtotheendwillsurelyachievebrilliantachievementsinhisscientificresearchwork.

9.单选题

Humansareforeverforgettingthattheycan'tcontrolnature.Exactly20yearsago,aTimemagazinecoverstoryannouncedthat“scientistsareonthevergeofbeingabletopredictthetime,placeandeventhesizeofearthquakes”.Thepeopleofquake-ruinedKobe(神户)learnedlastweekhowwrongthatassertionwas.

Noneofthemethodspraisedtwodecadesagohavesucceeded.Evennow,scientistshaveyettodiscoverauniformwarningsignalthatprecedesallquakes,letaloneanysignthatwouldtellwhetherthecomingquakeismildorakiller.Earthquakeformationcanbetriggeredbymanyfactors,saysHirooKanamori,aseismologistattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Sofindingoneall-purposewarningsighisimpossible.Onereason:quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.

Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.PlaceslikeJapanandCaliforniaarefilledwithhundreds,ifnotthousands,ofminorfaults.Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.Andtheseinconspicuoussitescanbejustasdeadlyastheirbetter-knowncousinsliketheSanAndreas(圣安得列斯断层).BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.

Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.Whileseismicengineeringhasimproveddramaticallyinthepast10to15years,everynewquakerevealsunexpectedweaknessesin“quake-resistant”structures,saysTerryTullis,ageophysicistatBrownUniversity.InKobe,forexample,ahighwaythatopenedonlylastyearwasdamaged.

IntheNorthridgeearthquake,ontheotherhand,well-builtstructuresgenerallydidnotcollapse.Butengineershavesincefoundhiddenproblemsin120steel-framebuildingsthatsurvived.Suchstructuresaresupposedtoswaywiththeearthratherthancrumple.Theymayhaveswayedbutthequakealsounexpectedlyweakenedthejointsintheirsteelskeletons.Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.

ArecentreportinScienceaddsyetmoreanxietyaboutlifeonthefaultlines.Researcherscancomputersimulationstoseehowquake-resistantbuildingswouldfareinamoderate-sizetremor,takingintoaccountthatmuchofaquake'senergytravelsinalarge“pulse”offocusedshaking.Theresults:bothsteel-framebuildingsandbuildingsthatsitoninsulatingrubberpadssufferedseveredamage.

Moreresearchwillhelpexpertsdesignstrongerstructuresandpossiblyfindquakeprecursors.Butitisstillacertaintythatthenextearthwillproveonceagainthateveryfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.

1.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutKobe?

2.Theauthor'sfocusinPara.3ison（

）.

3.It'simpossibletoavoiddamagesinearthquakesbecause

（

）.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat

（

）.

5.Thebesttitleforthispassagecouldbe（

）.

问题1选项

A.Lastweek'squakeoccurredonsmallfaults.

B.Peopletherebelieveinscientists'abilitytopredictearthquakes.

C.Buildingsthereswayedwiththequakeratherthancrumpled

D.Itcanbeexpectedthateveryfaultcanbemonitoredasaresultofmoreresearch.

问题2选项

A.theneedformoreresearch

B.theimpossibilitytopredictearthquakes

C.thedesigningofstrongerstructuresandthefindingofquakeprecursors

D.theimpossibilityofbuildingcompletelyquake-proofedstructures

问题3选项

A.scientistscan'tstudyquakesthatoccurdeepintheearthdirectly

B.it'shardtobuildperfect“quake-resistant”structures

C.instrumentscannotbeplacedonalloftheminorfaults

D.alloftheabove

问题4选项

A.well-erectedstructuresdonotcollapse

B.steel-framebuildingssurviveanyearthquake

C.buildinginNorthridgewillprobablycollapseinastrongerearthquake

D.seismicengineeringhasimprovedenoughforstructurestoresistquakes

问题5选项

A.NatureIsbeyondHumanControl

B.Earthquakes;canWeBringThemunderControl?

C.NewMethodsandStrongerStructurestoPredictandWithholdQuakes

D.Can'tWePredictEarthquakes?

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:D

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据第三段最后一句“BoththeKobeandthe1994Northridgequakesoccurredonsmallfaults.”可知选项A正确；根据第一段的内容可知选项B错误；根据第三段的内容可知，选项C描述的是北岭地震而不是神户地震，不符合题意；根据原文最后一句“everyfaultcannotbemonitoredandeveryhighwaycannotbecompletelyquake-proofed.”可知选项D错误。所以只有选项A表述正确。

2.事实细节题。根据第三段的首句“Ifaquakeprecursorwerefound,itwouldstillbeimpossibletowarnhumansinadvanceofalldangerousquakes.”如果能够发现地震的前兆，仍然不可能在所有危险的地震发生前警告人类。也就是说，预测地震是不可能的，选项B符合原文。

3.事实细节题。根据第二段最后一句“quakesstartdeepintheearth,soscientistscan'tstudythemdirectly.”可知选项A正确；根据第四段第一句“Predictionwouldbelessimportantifscientistscouldeasilybuildstructurestowithstandtremors.”如果科学家能够轻而易举地建造出抵御地震的建筑物，那么预测就不那么重要了。由此可知选项B正确；根据第三段“Itisimpossibletoplacemonitoringinstrumentsonallofthem.”可知选项C正确。所以本题选项D。

4.推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，选项A和B表述太绝对；选项D没有提及。根据本段最后一句“Iftheshakinghadbeenlongerorstronger,thebuildingsmighthavecollapsed.”如果地震时间更长或强度更大，建筑物可能已经倒塌了。也就是说，北岭的建筑可能会在更强的地震中倒塌。选项C符合原文。

5.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要是讲地震的不可预测性，这是一个事实，选项B和D带有疑问语气，所以不恰当。选项C不是本文的重点，所以选项A比选项C更能概括全文。

10.单选题

TheDepartmentofTransportationandCommunications（DOTC.will（）thepurchaseof48newLightRailVehicles（LRV）fortheMetroRailTransit（MRT）.

问题1选项

A.proceedwith

B.proceedfrom

C.prevailover

D.presideover

【答案】A

【解析】A选项proceedwith表示“继续进行”；B选项proceedfrom表示“从……出发”；C选项prevailover表示“胜过，占优势”；D选项presideover表示“主持，负责”。由原句句意可知，交通运输部（DOTC.将为地铁（MRT）（）_采购48辆新的轻轨车辆（LRV）。所以，只有A选项最符合原文句意。故本题正确答案为A选项。

11.单选题

Miststealssilentlyin,turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange,dampenssounds,________vision—thenclearssuddenlyandwithoutwarning.

问题1选项

A.spoils

B.blows

C.tears

D.blurs

【答案】D

【解析】【选项释义】

A.spoils破坏，糟蹋B.blows吹，刮

C.tears撕裂，撕开D.blurs视线模糊，看不清

【考查点】动词辨析。

【解题思路】本句主语是“Mist（薄雾）”，空格处和下文的“vision（视野）”构成动宾逻辑，并且和“steals（潜入）、turns（转变）、dampens（减弱）”构成并列谓语，表示薄雾对感官产生的作用。由“turnsfamiliarlandscapesstrange,dampenssounds（把熟悉的风景变得陌生，减弱了声音）”可知，薄雾应该是减弱了人们的感知，所以视野也应该是变模糊的。blur指看不清楚东西，因此D选项blurs“视线模糊，看不清”最符合题意。

【干扰项排除】

A选项spoils“破坏，糟蹋”指把好的东西变成坏的、不愉快的、无用的东西，不符合题干的语义逻辑；

B选项blows“吹，刮”指从口中吹气或刮风，不能和“vision（视野）”进行搭配；

C选项tears“撕裂，撕开”指将某物撕成碎片或用锋利的东西切割而损坏某物，不符合题干的语义逻辑。

【句意】薄雾悄悄地潜入，把熟悉的风景变得陌生，减弱了声音，模糊了视野——然后突然消失，没有任何预兆。

12.单选题

Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（）byacomputer.

问题1选项

A.graded

B.managed

C.conducted

D.monitored

【答案】D

【解析】句意:为了防止冬季洪水泛滥，大坝流出的水由计算机不断监测。

考查动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去分词形式表被动。grade评分；把……分等级；manage管理；控制；设法；conduct管理；引导；进行；monitor监控。由前半句句意“为了防止冬季洪水泛滥”可知D项符合句意。

13.单选题

TheclashbetweenRealMadridandArsenalisbeing（）asthematchoftheseason.

问题1选项

A.harbinger

B.allured

C.congested

D.lodged

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。harbinger“先驱，预兆”；allured“引诱；诱惑”；congested“充塞，充满”；lodge“寄宿，临时住宿”。句意：皇家马德里和阿森纳之间的冲突是这个赛季的前奏。选项A符合题意。

14.翻译题

各学科的发展日新月异，令人称奇，但衡量知识、能力的方法却依然如故，非常原始。迄今为止，教育工作还没有找到比考试更有效、更可靠的方法，着实有点离奇。尽管有不少人认定，考试能衡量出一个人的知识水平，但实际情况恰恰相反，这是有目共睹的。要想考察一个人死记硬背的本事和在极大压力下快速答题的技巧，考试或许是个不错的办法。然而，特别是对艺术学科来说，要想了解一个人的艺术禀赋资质和艺术实际能力如何，考试是考不出名堂来的。

【答案】Contrasttotherapidandastonishingdevelopmentinvarioussubjects,thewayofmeasuringknowledgeandabilityremainsasbefore,ratherprimitive.Sofar,therehasbeennowaywhichismoreeffectiveandreliablethanexamsineducation,whichseemskindofqueer.Thoughsomepeoplebelievethatexamscouldweighone’sknowledgelevel,thetruthisjusttheopposite,asisobvioustoall.Examsmaybeanot-so-badsolutiontotesttheabilitytoremembersomethingbyroteortoanswerquestionsquicklyyetundergreatpressure,buttheyareofvainifyouwanttoknowaboutthegift,intelligenceorpracticalabilitiesofaperson.

15.单选题

Whocanshedlightonthereasons?

问题1选项

A.turnon

B.explain

C.dissipate

D.appeal

【答案】B

【解析】考查词义辨析。shedlighton意为“阐明，解释，将……弄明白”；turnon意为“打开”；explain意为“讲解，解释”；dissipate意为“驱散，消失”；appeal意为“上诉，申诉，呼吁”。

句意：谁能解释原因呢？

16.单选题

OurteamcouldreceivealotofsupportandfundingifwecouldconvinceamajorcompanylikeNIKEorCocaColato（）us.

问题1选项

A.approve

B.endorse

C.oblige

D.comply

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。approve“批准”；endorse“认可；签署”；oblige“迫使；强制”；comply“遵守；顺从”。句意：如果我们能说服像耐克和可口可乐这样的大公司来______我们的话，我们的团队就能得到大量支持和资金。根据句意可知选项B符合题意。

17.单选题

Problemsanddiscouragementswillfacetheleader,buthecanovercomethemwithstayingpower.Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeofthegreatestdifficultiesanddiscouragementsincarryingouttheirvisions.

ChristopherColumbus,forinstance,concludedfromtheinformationheacquiredfromtravelsandfromstudyingchartsandmaps,thattheearthwasroundandthathecouldreachAsiabysailingwest.Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.HefirsttriesJohnII,KingofPortugal,withoutsuccess,andthen,theCountofMedinaCeliinSpain.TheCountencouragedColumbusfortwoyears,butneveractuallyprovidedhimwiththemoneyandsuppliesheneeded.FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.

Afterabetterpartofdecadeoftryingtofindapatron,Columbuswasindespair,buthedidn’tstop.Hehadstayingpower.Hebelievedinhismission,butheheldoutforhightermsfromFerdinandandIsabella.Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.Inaddition,hewouldreceiveone-tenthofallthepreciousmetalsdiscoveredwithinhisadmiralty.Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.Itwasn’tuntil12,OctoberthattheylandednoNorthAmerica.

ColumbusdidnotvisittheGrandKhanofCathayashehadhoped.Buthediddiscovertwonewcontinents.Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.

1.WhatwastheattitudeofthekingandqueenofCastiletowardColumbus’planofexpedition?

2.WhofinallypatronizedColumbus?

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementswasnotmentionedinthepassage?

4.TheauthortakesthestoryofColumbusasanexampletoshowthat（）.

5.Whatdoestheword“vision”inthefirstparagraphmostprobablymean?

问题1选项

A.Concerned

B.Indifferent

C.Optimistic

D.Disapproval

问题2选项

A.CountofMedianCeli

B.JohnII,KingofPortugal

C.KingandqueenofSpain

D.KingandqueenofCastile

问题3选项

A.Columbuswantedtosharewhatheshoulddiscover.

B.Columbusfirmlydemandedthathebethecommanderofthevoyagefleet.

C.ThekingandqueenofCastiledidn’tacceptColumbustermsattheverybeginning.

D.Columbusgotfinancialhelpfromthequeenbecausehegaveuphishighterms.

问题4选项

A.Leadersneedstayingpower.

B.Columbushadenoughstayingpower.

C.Onecan’tdowithoutstayingpower.

D.Stayingpowercannotensuresuccess.

问题5选项

A.sight

B.television

C.futureplan

D.imagination

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:C

【解析】1.事实细节题。根据文章第二段，“FerdinandandIsabella,KingandQueenofCastileinSpain,werethencontacted.AreviewofColumbus’plansbyacommitteeappointedbythequeenresultedintheconclusionthathisideaswerevainandimpractical.Buttheykepttalking.”，可知他联系了西班牙卡斯提尔国王和王后费迪南德和伊莎贝拉。女王任命的一个委员会对哥伦布的计划进行了审查，得出的结论是他的想法是徒劳和不切实际的。但是他们会一直对这个问题进行讨论。可判断出国王和王后对于哥伦布的行动持关心的态度。选项A符合题意。

2.事实细节题。根据文章第三段，“However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.InApril,1492,FerdinandandIsabellaagreedtosubsidizetheexpeditiononColumbus’terms.”，可知王后改变了主意，派人去找他。1492年4月，国王和王后同意按哥伦布的条件并对他实施资助。可判断出对哥伦布实施资助的人是卡斯提尔的国王和王后。选项D符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据文章第二段段，“Butheneededapatrontofinancesuchanexpedition.”，可知他需要赞助人资助这样一次探险，下文就提到了他寻找资助人的坚信过程，可判断出哥伦布想分享他的发现，选项A可排除。根据文章第三段，“Heaskedthattherankofadmiralbebestowedonhimrightawayandthathebemadeviceroyofallthatheshoulddiscover.”，可知他要求立即授予他海军上将的军衔，并任命他为他所发现的一切事物的总督。可判断出哥伦布坚决要求他担任远航舰队的总督，选项B可排除。根据文章第三段，“Hisconditionswererejectedandnegotiationswereagaininterrupted.ColumbusleftforFrance.However,thequeenhadachangeofmindandsentforhim.”可知他的条件遭到拒绝，谈判再次中断。哥伦布动身去了法国。然而，王后改变了主意，派人去找他。可判断出国王和王后一开始不同意哥伦布的条件，后面才改变了主意。选项C可排除。综上，选项D符合题意。

4.作者意图题。根据文章最后一段，“Hewassuccessfulbecausehehadstayingpower.”，可知哥伦布之所以成功，是因为他有耐力。可判断出作者以哥伦布为例子想要说明的是领导者需要持久的耐力。选项A符合题意。

5.词义理解题。Sight“视力，景象”；television“电视机”；futureplan“未来的计划”；imagination“想象力”。根据原文，“Itseemsasifmanyoftheworld’sfamouspeoplefacedsomeof