考研考博-英语-南京审计大学金审学院考试押题卷含答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京审计大学金审学院考试押题卷含答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共100题)1.单选题

Duringhistwo-monthstayinChina,Tomnever（）achancetopracticehisChinese.

问题1选项

A.passedon

B.passedup

C.passedby

D.passedout

【答案】B

【解析】动词词组辨析。passon传递，继续，去世；passup拒绝，错过；passby走过，经过；passout分发，昏倒。这里指没有错过一次练习中文的机会。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Australiaisstrugglingtocopewiththeconsequencesofadevastatingdrought.Astheworldwarmsup,othercountriesshouldpay.

问题1选项

A.heel

B.heal

C.heed

D.head

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。选项中只有heed与pay相搭配，payheed表示“注意；留心”。句意：澳大利亚正在努力应对灾难性干旱的后果。随着世界变暖，其他国家也应该注意。因此C选项符合题意。

3.单选题

（）he（）asynopsisofastory（）hewouldsummonacrowdofhisfriends

tohishouseandreaditaloudtothem.

问题1选项

A.Nosoonerdid...have...than

B.Assoonas...hadthen

C.Nosoonerdid...have...that

D.Nosooner...had...than

【答案】A

【解析】句意:他刚有了一个故事的概要，就把一群朋友们叫到家听他朗读。

语法题。考查倒装。“Nosoonerdid（had）...than...”表示“一…就…”。此固定结构引导吋间状语从句，位于句首，需要部分倒装。因此只有A正确。

4.单选题

1.

问题1选项

A.Howtodealwithhissleepingproblem.

B.Thecauseofhissleepingproblem.

C.Whatfollowshisinsomnia.

D.Theseverityofhismedicalproblem.

【答案】A

【解析】M:WhatabouttheproblemthatI’vebeenhavinginsleeping?

W:Iamgoingtogiveyouaprescriptionofsomemedicinetohelpyougetabetternight’ssleep.

Q:Whatdoesthemanwanttoknow?

【解析】细节题。通过对话得知，男士睡眠不好，女士要给他开药改善睡眠。

5.单选题

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstday-nurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheUnitedStates,theday-nurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedentednumbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitionsplants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingFirstWorldWar,（8）,FederalState,andlocalgovernmentbegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）themandbyinspectingandregulatingtheconditionswithinthenurseries.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6,000,000inJuly,1942,foranursery-schoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust,1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）inday-carecentersreceivingFederal（17）.Soonafterward,theFederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

问题1选项

A.latter

B.late

C.other

D.first

问题2选项

A.those

B.them

C.whose

D.whom

问题3选项

A.impetus

B.input

C.imitation

D.initiative

问题4选项

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

问题5选项

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.only

D.even

问题6选项

A.Because

B.As

C.Since

D.Although

问题7选项

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.predominantly

D.militantly

问题8选项

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.however

D.moreover

问题9选项

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

问题10选项

A.formulating

B.patenting

C.labeling

D.licensing

问题11选项

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.breakthrough

D.breakdown

问题12选项

A.again

B.thus

C.repeatedly

D.yet

问题13选项

A.circumstance

B.occasion

C.case

D.situation

问题14选项

A.regulation

B.summoning

C.allocating

D.transferring

问题15选项

A.expanded

B.facilitated

C.supplemented

D.compensated

问题16选项

A.by

B.after

C.of

D.for

问题17选项

A.pensions

B.subsidies

C.revenues

D.budgets

问题18选项

A.prevalently

B.furiously

C.statistically

D.drastically

问题19选项

A.abolished

B.diminished

C.jeopardized

D.precluded

问题20选项

A.nurseries

B.homes

C.jobs

D.children

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

第6题:D

第7题:B

第8题:C

第9题:A

第10题:A

第11题:B

第12题:A

第13题:B

第14题:C

第15题:C

第16题:D

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】1.考查上下文语义。根据句意：美国第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立在19世纪的后期；其中大部分都是慈善事业。thelatterhalf为后半期，这当中half只能和latter搭配，因此选项A正确。

2.考查上下文语义。根据句意：美国第一家日托所建于1854年。日托所在各地普遍建立在19世纪的后期；其中大部分都是慈善事业。mostof后面要用人称代词，因此选项B正确。

3.考查语义关系。A选项impetus“动力、促进”；B选项input“投入”；C选项imitation“仿造、仿制品”；D选项initiative“主动权”。根据句意：在欧洲和美国，日间托儿所运动在第一次世界大战期间受到了很大的促进，当时劳动力短缺使得大量妇女就业。因此选项A正确。

4.考查语义关系。A选项sources“来源”；B选项abundance“丰富、充裕”；C选项shortage“短缺”；D选项reduction“减少”。根据句意：在欧洲和美国，日间托儿所运动在第一次世界大战期间受到了很大的促进，当时劳动力短缺使得大量妇女就业。因此选项C正确。

5.考查语义关系。根据句意：在一些欧洲国家的政府直接倡导下，甚至在军火工厂里也建立了日托所。Even符合题意，因此选项D正确。

6.考查语篇关系。根据句意：尽管美国托儿所的数目急剧增长，但并未得到政府的任何资助。分析全句，这是一个让步状语从句，故应用连词although，因此选项D正确。

7.考查语义关系。A选项unanimously“全体一致的”；B选项sharply“急剧地”；C选项predominantly“主要的、占主导地位的”；D选项militantly“好战的、激进的”。根据句意：尽管美国托儿所的数目急剧增长，但并未得到政府的任何资助。四个选项中只有sharply“急剧地”合适，因此选项B正确。

8.考查语篇关系。根据句意：然而在第一次世界大战之后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施，主要通过规范化来管理托儿所。本句在语气上是转折的，要选副词however，因此选项C正确。

9.考查结构搭配。control与over搭配，其他的选项语义不合题意。句意为：然而在第一次世界大战之后的几年中，联邦政府和地方政府开始采取措施，主要通过规范化来管理托儿所。因此选项A正确。

10.考查语义关系。A选项formulating“规范”；B选项patenting“取得专利权”；C选项labeling“贴标签、标记”；D选项licensing“许可、特许”。根据句意：主要通过规范化来管理托儿所。因此选项A正确。

11.考查名词辨析。A选项outset“开端、开始”；B选项outbreak“爆发”；C选项breakthrough“突破”；D选项breakdown“崩溃、故障”。根据句意应是第二次世界大战的爆发。因此选项B正确。

12.考查语篇关系。根据句意：随着第二次世界大战的爆发，几乎各国托儿所的数量都增长得很快，妇女又一次被号召在工厂中代替男人。与第一次世界大战的情况相呼应，所以填again。因此选项A正确。

13.考查结构搭配。选项中的四个名词只有occasion可以与介词on搭配，其意义也与句意相吻合，句意为：这次，美国政府立即支持保育员学校，于1942年7月拨款600万美元。因此选项B正确。

14.考查语义关系。A选项regulate“管制、调节”；B选项summon“召集、召唤”；C选项allocate“分派、分配”；D选项transfer“转移、调动”。根据句意“拨款(allocate)600万美元”。因此选项C正确。

15.考查动词辨析。A选项expanded“膨胀、扩充”；B选项facilitated“使容易、使便利”；C选项supplemented“补充”；D选项compensated“补偿、偿还”。根据句意：许多州和地方团体对联邦政府资助进行补充。因此选项C正确。

16.考查固定搭配。动词care与介词for搭配，表示照料的意思。句意为：一百多万儿童在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里受到照顾。因此选项D正确。

17.考查名词辨析。A选项pensions“养老金、退休金”；B选项subsidies“补助金、津贴”；C选项revenues“收入、税收”；D选项budgets“预算”。根据句意：一百多万儿童在接受联邦津贴的日托中心里受到照顾。因此选项B正确。

18.考查语义关系。A选项prevalently“普遍地、流行地”；B选项furiously“狂暴地、猛烈地”；C选项statistically“统计上地”；D选项drastically“激烈地、彻底地”。句意为：联邦政府大幅度地削减这项支出，并在后来将其废止。因此选项D正确。

19.考查语义关系。A选项abolished“废除”；B选项diminished“使减少、变小”；C选项jeopardized“危害”；D选项precluded“排除”。与前一句相呼应，前面说“大幅度地削减”，后来自然是“废止（abolished）”。句意为：联邦政府大幅度地削减这项支出，并在后来将其废止。因此选项A正确。

20.考查语义关系。根据句意：然而，让大多数被雇佣的母亲离开她们的工作，这一愿望在战后得到部分的实现。因此选项C正确。

6.单选题

Perhapsyoudidn’tquiteunderstandthemovieandthenleftbeforefinishingit.（）thecase,Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.

问题1选项

A.Ifthisbe

B.Thisshouldbe

C.Shouldthisbe

D.Isthis

【答案】A

【解析】考查条件状语从句。由Ithinkthislittlepamphletmaybeofsomehelp.句意：我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。由关键词may可知空格后的thecase这种情况并不是虚拟的，而是一个真实条件句，故不用倒装，而条件句一般是用if引导。因此答案选A，相当于省略了should，即Ifthis(should)be。整个句意为：也许你并不十分理解这部电影，没结束就提前离开了。如果真的如此，我想这个宣传册可能有所帮助。

7.单选题

Whethertheeyesare“thewindowsofthesoul”isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy’slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmericanfour-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sback,infantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencodeordecodemeaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthatthe“properplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner”.

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingatthespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Theauthorisconvincedthattheeyesare（）.

2.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto（）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（）.

问题1选项

A.ofextremeimportanceinexpressingfeelingsandexchangingideas

B.somethingthroughwhichonecanseeaperson'sinnerworld

C.ofconsiderablesignificanceinmakingconversationsinteresting

D.somethingthevalueofwhichislargelyamatteroflongdebate

问题2选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering.

问题3选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题4选项

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文第一段首句“Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatable;thattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.”眼睛是不是“心灵的窗户”是有争议的;它们在人际交往中非常重要，这是一个事实。A选项“在表达感情和交换思想方面是极为重要的”，B选项“可以看到一个人内心世界的东西”，C选项“在使谈话变得有趣方面具有相当重要的意义”，D选项“它的价值在很大程度上是一个长期争论的问题”。因此，A选项符合题意。

2.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文，“Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyesmaynotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhichispresentedinprofile.”值得注意的是，一张有眼睛的真实的人脸可能不会让人发笑，而只看到一只眼睛的侧面也不会让人发笑。A选项“正面被完全感知”，B选项“脸上戴着面具”，C选项“从侧面看脸”，D选项“脸部没有任何遮盖物”。因此，C选项符合题意。

3.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文“Iftheyarenotlooking,thespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.”如果对方没看，说话者就会认为对方不感兴趣，就会停下来等对方继续看他，或者终止谈话。A选项“一个人暂时把目光从另一个人身上移开”，B选项“眼神交流超过一秒”，C选项“不合时宜地停止眼神接触”，D选项“不断调整眼神接触”。因此，C选项符合题意。

4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文的最后一段的最后一句，“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.”当两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，就会清楚地看到这种眼动对保持谈话顺畅有多么重要:谈话中可能会出现由于打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿而造成的语塞，A选项“不要戴黑眼镜”，B选项“不要打岔”，C选项“不要把目光从对方身上移开”，D选项“不要出人意料地停顿”。因此，C选项符合题意。

8.单选题

We’dliketo（）atableforfivefordinnerthisevening.

问题1选项

A.preserve

B.reserve

C.sustain

D.retain

【答案】B

【解析】动词辨析。preserve保留;reserve预订，预约;sustain维持;retain保持,持有。句意:今晚我们想

一张五个人的餐桌。选项B符合句意。

9.单选题

Inayearmarkedbyuncertaintyandupheaval,officialsatNewOrleansuniversitiesthatdrawapplicantsnationwidearenotfollowingtheusualrulesofthumbwhenitcomestocollegeadmissions.Theonlysurebet,theysay,isthatthisfall’senteringclasses—thefirstsinceKatrina一willbesmallerthanusual.

Intypicalyears,mostcollegeadmissionsofficialscanpredictfairlyaccuratelybythispointintheadmissionscyclehowmanyhighschoolseniorswillcommittoenrollingintheirinstitutions.Manyofthemostselectiveschoolsrequirestudents—whoincreasinglyareapplyingtomultipleinstitutions—tomaketheirchoicesbyMay1.LoyolaUniversity,whosetrusteeswillvoteMay19onwhethertodropseveraldegreeprogramsandeliminate17facultypositions,receivedfewerapplications—about2,900todate,comparedwith3,500inrecentyears.Theschoolhopestoenroll700freshmen,downfrom850inthepastfewyears.HistoricallyblackDillardUniversity,whichisoperatingoutofahotelandwasforcedtocancelitsannualMarchopenhouse,alsosawdrops,asdidXavierUniversity,ahistoricallyblackCatholicinstitutionthatfellbehinditsrecruitmentschedule.Dillardwon’treleasenumbers,butspokeswomanMaureenLarkinssaysapplicationsweredownandenrollmentsareexpectedtobelowerthaninthepast.XavieradmissionsdeanWinstonBrownsaysitsapplicantpoolfellbyabouthalfoflastyear’srecord1,014;hehopestoenroll500freshmen.

Incontrast,TulaneUniversity,whichisthemostselectiveofthefouranddevelopedanaggressiverecruitmentscheduleafterthehurricane,enjoyedan11%increaseinapplicationsthisyear,toarecord20,715.Evenso,officialspredictthatfeweradmittedstudentswillenrollandareprojectingasmaller-than-usualfreshmanclass—1,400,comparedwithamoretypical1,600.TulaneofficialsannouncedinDecemberthattheywouldeliminatesomedepartmentsandfacultypositions.

LikeTulane,otherschoolsaretakingextrastepsthisyeartowooadmittedstudents,oftenbyenlistinghelpfromalumniaroundthecountryandreachingouttostudentswithmoree-mails,phonecallsorWeb-basedinteractionssuchasblogs.Inaddition,Loyolaisrelaxingdeadlines,sweeteningthepotwithlargerscholarshipsandfreezingtuitionatlastyear’slevel.Dillard,too,isfreezingtuition.It’salsohostingtownmeetingsintargetcitiesandregionsnationwide,andmoveditsacademiccalendarbackfromAugusttomid-September“toavertthemajorityofthehurricaneseason,’’Larkinssays.Xavierextendeditsapplicationdeadlineandsteppedupitsone-on-onecontactwithacceptedstudents.AndTulane,amongotherthings,hasdoubledthenumberofon-campusprogramsforacceptedstudentsandhostedacommunityserviceweekendprogram.

Whiletheschoolsexpectapplicantstobeapprehensive,theadmissionsofficialsalsoseeencouragingsignsofpurposefulnessamongapplicants.“Alotofstudentswhoarechoosingtocometothiscity(are)saying,‘Iwanttobeapartof(theaction)'",saysStieffel,notingthatLoyola’stransferapplicationswereup30%.AndwhileapplicationstoXavieraredown,Brownisbettingthatstudentswhodoapplyareserious.“Theoneswhoareapplying,wefeel,aremorelikelytocome,”hesays.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（

）.

2.Thefollowingstatementsarefalseotherthan（

）.

3.Inordertoattractapplicants,LoyolaUniversityandDillardUniversityare（

）.

4.Thepassagemainlyconcentratesonthesubjectof（

）.

问题1选项

A.manyofthestudentsrequiresmallerclassesthanusualintheinstitutions

B.mostcollegeadmissionsofficialscannotpredicthowmanystudentswillcommittoenrollingintheirinstitutionsbyMay1thisyear

C.manyofthestudentsareincreasinglyapplyingtomultipleinstitutionstomaketheirchoicesbyMay1thisyear

D.intypicalyears,mostcollegesrequirestudentstoapplyandcommittotheirinstitutions

问题2选项

A.TulaneUniversityalsosawdropsinapplicationthisyear

B.XavierUniversity,asahistoricallyblackCatholicinstitution,fellbehindtherecruitmentscheduleofDillardUniversity

C.XavierUniversitydeanWinstonBrownsaysthetotalnumberthathehopestoenrollisabout1,500freshmen

D.LoyolaUniversitywillvoteonwhethertoeliminate17facultypositionsduetoreceivingfewerapplicationsofstudents

问题3选项

A.reducingthetuitionrespectively

B.hostingmeetings

C.increasingthescholarshipsrespectively

D.extendingtheapplicationdeadline

问题4选项

A.thedropsoftheapplicantsoftheuniversities

B.thedilemmaoftheadmissionofficials

C.theusualrulesofcollegeadmissions

D.theeffectsofthehurricanes

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

【解析】1.推断题。原文第一段指出:今年秋天的班级容量将会变小,故选A。

2.细节题。题干问的是下列哪个选项正确。第二段指出:LoyolaUniversity,...willvote...whetherto...eliminate17facultypositions,receivedfewerapplications,D项与此对应。

3.细节对比。根据题干关键词attractapplicants定位至第四段:…freezingtuitionatlastyear’slevel.Dillard,too,isfreezingtuition,据此判断两所大学都采取了freezingtuition(降低学费)的措施。

4.主旨题。文章讲述了4所大学今年的招生情况，学生申请人数较以往都有所下降。

10.单选题

Ournexttaskistoconsiderthepoliciesandprinciplesaruleroughttofollowindealingwithhissubjectsorwithhisfriends.SinceIknowmanypeoplehavewrittenonthissubject,IamconcerneditmaybethoughtpresumptuousformetowriteonIaswell,especiallysincewhatIhavetosay,asregardsthisquestioninparticular,willdiffergreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers.Butmyhopeistowriteabookthatwillbeuseful,atleasttothosewhoreaditintelligently,andsoIthoughtitsensibletogostraighttoadiscussionofhowthingsareinreallifeandnotwastetimewithdiscussionofanimaginaryworld.Formanyauthorshaveconstructedimaginaryrepublicsandprincipalitiesthathaveneverexistedinpracticeandnevercould;forthegapbetweenhowpeopleactuallybehaveandhowtheyoughttobehaveissogreatthatanyonewhoignoreseverydayrealityinordertoliveuptoanidealwillsoondiscoverhehasbeentaughthowtodestroyhimself,nothowtopreservehimself.Foranyonewhowantstoactthepartofagoodmaninallcircumstanceswillbringabouthisownruin,forthosehehastodealwithwillnotallbegood.Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.

Letusleavetooneside,then,alldiscussionofimaginaryrulersandtalkaboutpracticalrealities.Imaintainthatallmen,whenpeopletalkaboutthem,andespeciallyrulers,becausetheyholdpositionsofauthority,aredescribedintermsofqualitiesthatareinextricablylinkedtocensureortopraise.Soonemanisdescribedasgenerous,anotherasamiser;oneiscalledopen-handed,anothertight-fisted;onemaniscruel,anothergentle;oneuntrustworthy,anotherself-important;onepromiscuous,anothermonogamous;onestraightforward,anotherduplicitous;onetough,anothereasy-going;oneserious,anothercheerful;onereligious,anotheratheistical;andsoon.

NowIknoweveryonewillagreethatifarulercouldhaveallthegoodqualitiesIhavelistedandnoneofthebadones,thenthiswouldbeanexcellentstateofaffairs.Butonecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion,forwedonotliveinanidealworld.Youhavetobecannyenoughtoavoidbeingthoughttohavethoseevilqualitiesthatwouldmakeitimpossibleforyoutoretainpower;asforthosethatarecompatiblewithholdingontopower,youshouldavoidthemifyoucan;butifyoucannot,thenyoushouldnotworrytoomuchifpeoplesayyouhavethem.Aboveall,donotbeupsetifyouaresupposedtohavethosevicesarulerneedsifheisgoingtostaysecurelyinpower,for,ifyouthinkaboutit,youwillrealizetherearesomewaysofbehavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous,butwouldleadtoyourdownfall,andothersthataresupposedtobewicked,butwillleadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.

31.Theword“presumptuous”inthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

32.Ifarulerfollowsotherauthors'suggestion,hemight（）.

33.Inthebook,theauthor'sdiscussionmostlikelyfocuseson（）.

34.Ifarulerwantstosecurethepowerinhisownhands,heneeds（）.

35.Asuitabletitleforthepassagewouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.showingdishonesty

B.showingrebellion

C.showingsubmission

D.showingdisrespect

问题2选项

A.tryhisbesttobeagoodeggallthetime

B.understandtheimportantofanauthoritativestatement

C.trytogaingreatfameandhighprestige

D.knowwhentobekindandwhentobecruel

问题3选项

A.presentingarealworldtohisreaders

B.describinganidealsocietytohisreaders

C.explaininghowtoconstructaperfectsystem

D.illustratingwhatawiserulershoulddo

问题4选项

A.wickedcruelty

B.immoralqualities

C.cunningsubjects

D.disreputablerivals

问题5选项

A.OnVirtues

B.OnWisdom

C.OnPraiseandCensure

D.OnPower

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:C

【解析】31.语义题。根据题干关键词，将信息点定位至原文第一段，根据“differgreatlyfromtherecommendationsofothers（与其他人的建议大相径庭）”即可得出本题答案。

32.

细节推断题。根据题干关键词“aruler”可将信息点定位至原文第一段最后一句，根据“Soitisnecessaryforaruler,ifhewantstoholdontopower,tolearnhownottobegood,andtoknowwhenitisandwhenitisnotnecessarytousethisknowledge.（所以对于一个统治者来说，如果他想抓住权力不放，就必须学会如何做不好，知道什么时候该做，什么时候不该做）”即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

33.

细节事实题。将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“onecannothaveallthegoodqualities,noralwaysactinapraiseworthyfashion（一个人不可能拥有所有的好品质，也不可能总是以值得称赞的方式行事）”“behavingthataresupposedtobevirtuous（行为应该是善良的）”“leadtoyourwelfareandpeaceofmind.（导致你的幸福和内心的平静）”即可得出本题答案。

34.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“arulerwantstosecurethepower”可将信息点定位至原文最后一段，从而得出本题答案。

35.

主旨大意题。通读全文，可发现作者探讨的是统治者如何稳固统治权利、巩固自己的统治地位，既要拥有众多良好的品质，也需要适时采取所谓“不道德”之举。从而即可得出本题答案。

11.单选题

Therearethreeimportantcausesofinflation.Thefirstandmostimportantcausemaybeexcessivegovernmentspending.Forexample,inorderto（1）awaror（2）socialprograms,thegovernmentmayspendmoremoneythanithasreceivedthroughtaxesandotherrevenue,thuscreatingadeficit.Inorderto（3）thisdeficit,theTreasuryDepartmentcansimply（4）themoneysupplybyissuingmorepapermoneytoreturnthedebtsofthegovernment.Thisincreaseinthemoneysupplywillcausethevalueofthedollarto（5）decrease.Thesecondcauseofinflationwilloccurwhenthemoneysupplyincreasesfasterthanthesupplyofgoods.Ifpeoplehavemoremoney,theywillrunouttobuypopulargoodsliketelevisionandcomputers,forexample,andashortagewillbetheresult,industrywillthenproducemore,athigherprices,to（6）thedemand,（7）ifpeoplethinkthatthepricesofpopulargoodsaregoingup,theywillbuyandevenborrowmoneyathigh（8）ratestopayforthem.Finally,iflaborunionsdemandthatworkers'wages（9）tosuitthehighcostofliving,industrywillmeetthisdemandandaddothercostsofproductiononthe（10）.Ofthesethreecauses,excessivegovernmentspendingmaybethemostimportant.

问题1选项

A.pay

B.finance

C.rouse

D.provide

问题2选项

A.carryoff

B.carryaway

C.carryout

D.carry,over

问题3选项

A.accomplish

B.offset

C.compensate

D.achieve

问题4选项

A.expand

B.extend

C.expend

D.offend

问题5选项

A.excessively

B.automatically

C.approximately

D.appropriately

问题6选项

A.supply

B.imply

C.occupy

D.meet

问题7选项

A.Otherwise

B.Hence

C.However

D.Moreover

问题8选项

A.interests

B.interested

C.interesting

D.interest

问题9选项

A.shouldincrease

B.beincreased

C.areincreased

D.willbeincreased

问题10选项

A.employer

B.manager

C.employee

D.consumer

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:D

第7题:D

第8题:D

第9题:B

第10题:D

【解析】（1）根据句意可知,这里指资助战争,只有选项B能与之搭配。

（2）carryoff夺去,使丧命；carryaway运走,使失去自制力；carryout实施,执行；carryover留到以后处理,继续存在。能与社会项目搭配的只有选项C。

（3）offsetthedeficit为固定搭配,指“弥补财政赤字”,选项B正确。

（4）根据句意：财政部可以通过发行更多的纸币,简单地扩大货币供应,以此来偿还政府的债务来。只有选项A符合句意。

（5）excessively过分地,极度；automatically自动地；approximately大约,近似地；appropriately适当地,相称地”。句意：货币供应量的增加将使美元随之贬值。这种变化是无意识的,所以选项B更恰当。

（6）meetthedemand为固定搭配,指“满足需求”,选项D正确。

（7）结合上下文,上句提到如果人们有更多的钱就会扩大消费,导致物资缺乏,工厂会扩大生产,提高价格来满足需求；下句提到如果人们看到商品价格上涨也会买,甚至不惜借高利贷来支付。下句讲述更深一层的结果,前后构成递进的关系,所以选项D正确。

（8）interestrates为常用词组搭配,意为“利率”,选项D正确。

（9）考查虚拟语气,虚拟语气中与将来事实相反,从句中用“should+动词原形”,且should可以省略。这里wages与increase是被动关系,所以选项B正确。

（10）根据句意可知,企业提高工人工资,将产品成本转移到了顾客也就是消费者的身上,选项D符合原文语境。

12.单选题

Duetohisrecentfailuretomeetthedeadline,Jasonis（）fromthelistforpromotion.

问题1选项

A.eliminated

B.retreated

C.pried

D.wrenched

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项eliminated“消除”；B选项retreated“撤退”；C选项pried“撬动”；D选项wrenched“猛扭”。句意：由于最近未能按时完成任务，贾森被从晋升名单上除名了。本句表示从名单上除名。因此A选项正确。

13.单选题

Thedeclineofmarriage:Forricher,forsmarterThetraditionalfamilyisnowthepreserveofaminority.Marriage,anditsmanyupsanddowns,stillexercisesapowerfulholdovernewspapers,magazinesandtheairwaves.Nearly23mAmericanswatchedPrinceWilliambeingjoinedinholymatrimonytoKateMiddleton.Millionsmorehavewallowedinthebreak-upofArnoldSchwarzenegger'smarriageafterrevelationsthathefatheredasonwithamaid.AndthetumescenttweetsofcongressmanAnthonyWeinerhavestirredupendlessspeculationaboutthehealthofhisownyear-oldmarriageandtheforbearanceofhisnewlypregnantwife.

LesstitillatingarerevelationsaboutthesorrystateofmarriageacrosstheUnitedStates.DatafromtheCensusBureaushowthatmarriedcouples,forthefirsttime,nowmakeuplessthanhalf(45%)ofallhouseholds.

TheiconicAmericanfamily,withmom,dadandkidsunderoneroof,isfading.Inever,statethenumbersofunmarriedcouples,childlesshouseholdsandsingle-personhouseholdsaregrowingfasterthanthosecomprisedofmarriedpeoplewithchildren,findsthe2010census.Thelatteraccountedfor43%ofhouseholdsin1950;theynowaccountforjust20%.Andthetrendhasapotentclassdimension.Traditionalmarriagehasevolvedfromanear-universalritetoaluxuryfortheeducatedandaffluent.

Therebarelywasamarriagegapin1960:onlyfourpercentagepointsseparatedtheweddedwaysofcollegeandhigh-schoolgraduates(76%versus72%).Thegaphassincewidenedto16percentagepoints,accordingtothePewResearchCentre.ACensusBureauanalysisreleasedthisspringfoundthatbridesaresignificantlymorelikelytohaveacollegedegreethantheywereinthemid-1990s.

“Marriagehasbecomemuchmoreselective,andthat'swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,becomemuchmoreselective,andthat’swhythedivorceratehascomedown,”saidBradfordWilcox,directoroftheNationalMarriageProjectattheUniversityofVirginiainCharlottesville.Theprojectfoundthatdivorceratesforcoupleswithcollegedegreesareonlyathirdashighasforthosewithahigh-schooldegree.

Americanswithahigh-schooldegreeorless(whoaccountfor58%ofthepopulation)tellresearcherstheywouldliketomarry,butdon