(新高考)高考英语一轮复习讲义 教材知识解读 选择性必修第2册　Unit 1 Science and Scientists (含答案)

教材词汇要记牢Ⅰ.阅读单词——我会认1．frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的2．germn．微生物；细菌；病菌3．pumpn．泵；抽水机；打气筒4．epidemiologyn．流行病学5．vaccinen．疫苗6．aerospacen．航空航天工业7．patrioticadj.爱国的8．contradictoryadj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的9．subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)10．householdn．一家人；家庭；同住一所(套)房子的人11．interventionn．介入；出面；干涉12．rawadj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的13．pureadj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的14．statisticn．[pl.]统计数字；统计资料；统计学15．microscopen．显微镜16．proteinn．蛋白质17．celln．细胞；小房间；单间牢房18．virusn．病毒19．frameworkn．框架；结构20．castvt.投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投掷21．rainbown．彩虹22．concreten．混凝土adj.混凝土制的；确实的；具体的23．mechanicn．机械师；机械修理工24．astronomern．天文学家25．telescopen．望远镜26．mechanicaladj.机械的；发动机的；机器的27．aviationn．航空制造业；航空；飞行28．jetn．喷气式飞机29．missilen．导弹30．tracevt.追溯；追踪；查出n．痕迹；遗迹；踪迹31．steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的32．astronomyn．天文学33．furthermoreadv.此外；再者Ⅱ.重点单词——我会写1．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的2．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的3．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象4．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责5．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)6．linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联7．decreasen．减少；降低；减少量vt.&vi.(使大小、数量等)减少；减小；降低8．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变9．thinkingn．思想；思维；见解10．findingn．发现；调查结果；(法律)判决11．solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n．固体12．shadown．阴影；影子；背光处13．pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)14．leadershipn．领导；领导地位；领导才能15．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的16．abstractadj.抽象的；理性的n．(文献等的)摘要17．conceptn．概念；观念18．besidesprep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外19．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的20．faultn．弱点；过错21．shiftn．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向22．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的Ⅲ.拓展单词——我会变1．infectionn．感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染2．proofn．证据；证明；检验→provevt.证明linkv．证明是3．substantialadj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的→substancen．物质；物品；事实根据4．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initiallyadv.起初5．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen．防御；保卫6．assistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.帮助；协助→assistancen．帮助；协助；援助7．giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn．礼物；天赋Ⅳ.核心短语1．onceandforall最终地；彻底地2．subscribeto同意；赞同3．thanksto幸亏；由于4．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发5．inchargeof主管；掌管6．comedown患(病)；染上(小病)7．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是高频词汇来助力1．idiomn．习语；成语2．ignorevt.忽视3．illegaladj.非法的；不合法的4．immediatelyadv.立即5．immigrationn．移民6．importvt.&n．进口；输入7．impressionn．印象；感觉8．incorrectadj.不正确的；错误的经典句式需悟通1．Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。2．Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。3．Accordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。4．BorninHangzhouin1911，QianattendedschoolsinBeijingandthenenteredShanghaiJiaoTongUniversitytostudyRailwayMechanicalEngineering.钱学森1911年出生于杭州，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。5．Hewaswillingtosaywhatotherswereafraidtosay，andtodreamofwhatotherswereafraidtodreamabout.他愿意说出别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。Ⅰ.阅读单词(每小题1分，共7分)1．frustratedadj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的2．pumpn．泵；抽水机；打气筒3．vaccinen．疫苗4．jetn．喷气式飞机5．patrioticadj.爱国的6．steadyadj.稳定的；平稳的；稳步的7．furthermoreadv.此外；再者Ⅱ.重点单词(每小题2分，共32分)8．severeadj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的9．multipleadj.数量多的；多种多样的10．suspectvt.&vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n．犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象11．blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．责备；指责12．handlen．把手；拉手；柄vt.处理；搬动；操纵(车辆、动物、工具等)13．linkn．联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联14．transformvt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变15．solidadj.可靠的；固体的；坚实的n．固体16．shadown．阴影；影子；背光处17．pourvt.倒出；倾泻；斟(饮料)18．outstandingadj.优秀的；杰出的；明显的19．conceptn．概念；观念20．besidesprep.除……之外(还)adv.而且；此外21．brilliantadj.聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的22．shiftn．改变；转换；轮班vi.&vt.转移；挪动；转向23．vividadj.生动的；鲜明的；丰富的Ⅲ.拓展单词(每小题2分，共12分)24．infectionn．感染；传染→infectvt.使感染；传染25．proofn．证据；证明；检验→provevt.证明linkv．证明是26．initialadj.最初的；开始的；第一的→initiallyadv.起初27．defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解→defense/defencen．防御；保卫28．assistantn．助理；助手→assistvt.帮助；协助→assistancen．帮助；协助；援助29．giftedadj.有天赋的；有天才的；天资聪慧的→giftn．礼物；天赋Ⅳ.高频词汇(每小题1分，共5分)30．ignorevt.忽视31．illegaladj.非法的；不合法的32．immediatelyadv.立即33．importvt.&n．进口；输入34．impressionn．印象；感觉Ⅴ.核心短语(每小题2分，共12分)35．onceandforall最终地；彻底地36．subscribeto同意；赞同37．thanksto幸亏；由于38．breakout(战争、打斗等不愉快的事情)突然开始；爆发39．inchargeof主管；掌管40．aboveall最重要的是；尤其是Ⅰ.单词拼写(根据汉语提示或首字母提示写单词)(每小题1分，共9分)1．Judgingfromwhathesaid，Isuspectedhimtobethethiefstealingmyelectricbike.2．Blamedbyhisteacher，theboywasfrustratedandcouldn’tconcentrateonhisstudy.3．I’moldenoughtohandlemyownaffairswithoutmyparents’intervention.4．Thenumberofnewstudentsinthisschooldecreasedfrom2,100to1,600thisyear.5．Yearsofhardworktransformedtheyoungmanintoapoorweakoldman.6．Hesubscribes(同意)totheviewthatchildrencanbenefitfrombeingindependent.7．Asisknowntousall，LangLangisagifted(有天赋的)pianistandattractslotsofattentionathomeandabroad.8．Wethoughtitwouldmakeadifferenceinhelpinghimstepoutoftheshadow(阴影)ofthataccident.9．Whatimpressedmemostwashisvivid(生动的)descriptionofwhathappenedjustnow.Ⅱ.词形变化填空(用括号内所给词的适当形式填空)(每小题2分，共8分)10．Withsolidproof，thelawyercancertainlyprovethatheisinnocent.(prove)11．Initially，Ientirelyknewabouttheinitialstepstheytooktocreateabettercampus.(initial)12．Thetravelermayfireatawildbeastindefence/defense(defend)ofhimselfincaseheisattacked.13．He，anassistant，cametomyassistance；thatistosay，heassistedmeinfinishingtheimpossibletaskontime.(assist)Ⅲ.经典句型仿写(每小题3分，共15分)14．如果你遇到不懂的东西，可以搜索、研究以及和其他人交谈，直到你把它弄明白。(until引导的时间状语从句)Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething，youmayresearch，studyandtalktootherpeopleuntilyoufigureitout.15．每天坚持写学习日记是如此重要，所以我想把这种学习方法介绍给你们。(so...that...)KeepingalearningdiaryeverydayissoimportantthatIwouldliketointroduceittoyou.16．我需要一个新护照，因此我得照张照片。(havesth.done)Ineedanewpassport，soIwillhavetohavemyphotographtaken.17．由于专心绘画，约翰没有注意到夜幕正在降临。(过去分词短语作状语)Absorbedinpainting，Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.18．我们老师总是告诉我们，如果我们想成功的话，就要相信我们所做的事情以及我们自己。(宾语从句)Ourteachersalwaystellustobelievewhatwedoandwhoweareifwewanttosucceed.Ⅰ.课文语法填空——复习本单元ReadingandThinking部分JohnSnowbecame1.frustrated(frustrate)whenaseverecholerahitEuropeintheearly19thcentury.Atthattimenooneknew2.howtopreventortreatcholera.3.However，heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.Aftermuchresearch，Snowsubscribedtothetheorythatcholera4.wascaused(cause)byan5.infection(infect)fromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowbeganby6.marking(mark)onamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.As7.aresult，JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwater8.carried(carry)choleragerms.9.Accordingly(according)，hehadthehandleofthepump10.removed(remove)sothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention，thediseasewasdefeated.Ⅱ.课文选词填空——复习本单元UsingLanguage部分eq\x(leadership，defend，fault，inchargeof，brilliant)Thefollowingaretwogreatscientists.QianXuesen，aChinesewith“greatscientificthoughtandscientificspirit”，waspatrioticandservedhishomelandwitheffort，achievementanddevotion.HerealisedthatChinaurgentlyneededitsownairforceto1.defendthecountry.SohereturnedtoChinain1955andwasput2.inchargeofnotonlydevelopingChina’srocketsciencebutalsoitsspaceandmissileprogramme.UnderQian’s3.leadership，Chinaachievedalotinbothaspects.WhatmadeStephenHawkingfromtheUSAdistinguishedwasthathewasthechampionofthebigbangtheory，whichholdsthattheuniversebeganatasinglepointintimeandspace.Notonlywashe4.brilliantbutalsohewasbravetoadmithis5.faults.Hence，thereisnodoubtthatbothQianXuesenandStephenHawkingareoutstandingscientists.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇subscribevi.认购(股份)；定期订购；定期交纳(会费)先练基础——一词多义写出下列句子中subscribeto的汉语意思(1)Hesubscribestotheviewthatwecantacklethesevereprobleminthiswayonceandforall.赞成；同意(2)Thisistheschoolyourfathersubscribedtogenerouslyinthepast.捐助(3)UsingthemoneyIearnedintheholiday，Ihavesubscribedtoseveralmagazinesrecently.订阅subscribeto同意；赞成；捐助；订阅(杂志或报纸)再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)我们所有人都赞成这个观点，好的亲子关系是基于相互理解和尊重的。(应用文之人际关系)Allofussubscribetotheviewthatagoodparent-childrenrelationshipisbasedonmutualunderstandingandrespect.blamevt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n．指责；责备先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Heblamedhiswifeforthefailureoftheirmarriage.(2)Heblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonhiswife.(3)Inhisview，hiswifeistoblame(blame)forthefailureoftheirmarriage.betoblame(forsth.)(对某事)负有责任，应受责备blamesb.forsth.因某事责备某人；把某事归咎于某人blamesth.onsb./sth.把某事归咎于某人/某事再提能力——完美写作·语段填空·背诵(4)当和其他人相处时，我们不应该总是把错误归咎于其他人。毕竟，很多时候我们也负有责任。因此，我们应该多交流、换位思考，而不是指责其他人。(写作话题之人际交往)Whengettingalongwithothers，weshouldn’talwaysblameothersformistakes.Afterall，manytimeswearetoblame.Soinsteadofblamingothers，weshouldcommunicatemoreandputourselvesinothers’place.defendvt.保卫；防守；辩解先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thelawallowspeopletodefendthemselvesfrom/againstacharge.(2)Shesteppedbackappearingsurprisedandputupherhandsasifindefence.•defend...against/from(doing...)保护……免受……defendoneself自卫；为自己辩护•defencen．防御；保卫indefence(of)保护；为了保卫；(为……)辩护inone’sdefence为某人辩护再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(3)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。(读后续写之肢体动作描写)①Seeingthefiercesnake，herushedtodefendhissonlikeanarrow.(defend)②Seeingthefiercesnake，herushedindefenceofhissonlikeanarrow.(defence)inchargeof负责/掌管(表状态)先练基础——一词多义写出下列句子中charge的汉语意思(1)Theoutstandingscientistisinchargeofhandlingthematter.负责(2)Iwillchargeyouonehundredyuanforrepairingyourcellphone.收费(3)Thepolicechargedthethiefwithstealingrawmaterialsinthecompany.控告(4)Thekind-heartedmechanichelpedchargemyphone.(给……)充电•chargen．费用；主管；看管；责任v．收费；控诉；要价；指控；充电•inthechargeof由……来负责；被……掌管takechargeof负责/看管(表动作)freeofcharge免费•charge(sb.)forsth.为……(向某人)收费/要价chargesb.with(doing)sth.指控某人(做)某事再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(5)作为学生会主席，我被委派负责你在天津逗留期间的所有活动。(应用文之活动安排)①AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation，IwasappointedtotakechargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesduringyourstayinTianjin.(takechargeof)②AschairmanoftheStudentAssociation，IwasappointedtobeinchargeofarrangingalltheactivitiesduringyourstayinTianjin.(inchargeof)comedown(with...)染上；得了(……病)comeacross(偶然)遇见；碰见；被理解comeabout发生(无被动形式)comeon加油；到来；得了吧comeout出版；结果是；(花)开放whenitcomesto...当谈及……comeup走近；上来；被提及comeupwith提出；想出(主意、计划、回答等)能力提升——根据句意用come短语的正确形式填空(1)Pleasetellmehowtheaccidentcameabout.(2)Myassistant’sfirstnovelcameout，whichmademeproudofhim.(3)WhenitcomestoEnglishlearning，Ihavethefollowingpracticalsuggestionstoshare.Firstly，whenyoucomeacrossunfamiliarwords，don’talwaysrefertothedictionary.Furthermore，whenteachers’questionscomeupinclass，youshouldtrytocomeupwithanswers.Lastly，ifyoufail，youmustsaytoyourself，“Comeon！”(应用文之建议信)aboveall最重要的是；首先afterall毕竟；终究firstofall首先；第一allinall整体说来；总而言之inall全部；合计atall否定句一点也不；疑问句到底；究竟能力提升——根据句意用all短语的正确形式填空(1)TheuniversityIrecommendtoyouisBeijingLanguageandCultureUniversity.Firstofall/Aboveall，you’dbetterlearnsomebasicChinesebeforeyoucome.Afterall，youwillbeundercompletelyunfamiliarcircumstances.Allinall，studyingforadegreeinadifferentcultureisnoteasyatall.(应用文之推荐信)(2)Thankstoyourtimelyhelp，Imanagedtohandlefourproblemsinall.until引导的时间状语从句Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld，untilaBritishdoctor，JohnSnow，showedhowitcouldbeovercome.在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。•画线部分是由until引导的时间状语从句，若主句的谓语动词是延续性的，那么这个主句需用肯定形式；若主句的谓语动词是非延续性的，则主句常用否定式，构成not...until...结构。•倒装结构：部分倒装“Notuntil＋谓语助动词＋主语＋谓语动词”。•强调结构：Itis/wasnotuntil＋时间从句或短语＋that＋主句部分。能力提升——完美写作·单句写作/一句多译·背诵(1)我将一直努力直到实现梦想。IwillkeeptryinguntilIrealizemydream.(2)直到我经历了这场事故，我才明白坏运气有可能是正在等待开启的门。(读后续写之升华句)①Iwasn’tawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopeneduntilIexperiencedtheaccident.②NotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentwasIawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(倒装句)③ItwasnotuntilIexperiencedtheaccidentthatIwasawarethatbadfortunemightbethedoorwaitingtobeopened.(强调句)so...that...Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.他发现尤其在两条街道上的霍乱爆发是如此严重以至于十天内死了500多人。先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Thisissoabstractaconceptthatwecan’tunderstandit.＝Thisissuchanabstractconceptthatwecan’tunderstandit.(2)Mozartwassogiftedinmusicthathecomposedmanyoutstandingworks.(3)Theyaresuchlittleboysandeatsolittlefoodthatwealllovethemverymuch.so/such...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”•so...that...句型的常见形式：so＋adj./adv.＋that...so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.＋that...so＋many/much/few/little(少)＋n.＋that...•such...that...句型的常见形式：such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.＋that...such＋adj.＋n.(复数或不可数)＋that...•当so/such放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。再提能力——完美写作·一句多译·背诵(4)他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。(读后续写之紧张心理描写)①Hewassonervousthathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.②Sonervouswashethathefelthistonguetiedandpalmssweating.(用倒装句改写)havesth.doneAccordingly，hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.因此，他让人把水泵的把手去掉，这样水泵就用不成了。先练基础——单句语法填空(1)Ourmathteacherhadushand(hand)inourhomeworkbefore9p．meveryday.(2)Don’tworry.I’llhavethearticletyped(type)andgetsomeonetosendittoyoutomorrow.(3)Hecouldnothavehergetting(get)awaywithtellingpeoplelies.havesth.done使某事被做；请人做某事；主语遭遇到某事havesb.dosth.让某人做某事havesb./sth.doingsth.让某人一直做某事或让某事处于某种状态can’thavesb.doingsth.不能容忍某人做某事havesth.todo有事要做再提能力——完美写作·完成句子·背诵(4)我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)Webegantohelppickpeachesandthenhadthemdeliveredtothefarmers’houses.(5)既然你已经意识到你的时间是有限的，你必须更加努力学习以实现自己的目标。Nowthatyouhaverealizedthatyourtimeislimited，youmuststudyhardertohaveyourgoalachieved.提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上单元词汇Ⅰ.熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍1．Theresearchlackssolidproof，andtherefore，itsconclusionsaredoubtful.可靠的2．It’smyturntobeonthenightshift.轮班Ⅱ.一词多义练——清除阅读障碍handleeq\x(A.vt.处理B.v.操纵C.n.把手D.vt.用手触、碰、拿)1．Don’thandlethevaseasifitweremadeofsteel.D2．Drivingacarisnotjusthandlingcontrolsandjudgingspeedanddistance.B3．TeainChinawastraditionallydrunkfromcupswithouthandles.C4．Wemustlearntohandleconflictscalmlyandwisely.AⅢ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识1．Itissaidthatifyouareinfectedbythevirus，youcangettreatedfreeofcharge.2．Ihavetosayinherdefencethatsheshouldn’tbesuspectedofcommittingthemistake.3．Shelistened，shifting(shift)nervouslyfromonefoottoanother.(读后续写之紧张心理描写)4．Whenshesawhereffortspaidoff，tearsofhappinesspoured(pour)downJane’scheeks.(读后续写之喜乐心理描写)5．Whatmadetheassistantannoyedwasthathewassuspected(suspect)ofstealinghismoney.6．Lifecanbegreatwhenyouarenotbusyfindingfaultwithit.7．Unfortunately，theoutstandingastronomercamedownwithasevereillness.8．Yellowislinkedto/withconfidence，self-respectandfriendliness.9.Initially，allofthemsubscribed(subscribe)tomyplan，butlatertheychangedtheirminds.10．Allofthemblamedthemistakeonme，whichmademequitefrustrated.Ⅳ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(应用文之道歉信)1．我非常抱歉，在回家的路上弄丢了你的词典。(havesth.done)I’msorrytohaveyourdictionarylostonmywayhome.2．我是如此羞愧，以至于我晚上都睡不好。(so...that的倒装句)SoashamedwasIthatIcouldn’tsleepwellatnight.3．直到我把词典找回来，我才会感觉舒服。(not...until的强调句型)ItwasnotuntilIgotthedictionarybackthatIwouldfeelcomfortable.4．但是，我没有找到词典，我既沮丧又失望。(过去分词短语作状语)ButIdidn’tfindthedictionary，frustratedanddisappointed.5．现在我必须做的是我给你买一本全新的词典以表达我的歉意。(what引导的主语从句；that引导的表语从句)NowwhatImustdoisthatIwillbuyyouabrand-newdictionarytoexpressmyapology.请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。(文中加波浪线的句子为本单元的语法项目：表语从句)eq\x(blame，inchargeof，link，comedown，handle，decrease)SincethesevereCOVID-19brokeout，manypeopleallovertheworldhavebeeninfected.Chineseoutstanding，giftedandpatrioticspecialistsinepidemiologyandtheirassistantshavebeen1.inchargeoftracingthesourceofthevirusinordertodefendmorepeoplefrombeingkilled.Theydesiredtoproducevaccineto2.handlethedead