2021年考研英语一阅读理解B部分解析

2021年考研英语一阅读理解B部分解析Inthemoviesandontelevision,artificialintelligenceistypicallydepictedassomethingsinisterthatwillupendourwayoflife.WhenitcomestoAIinbusiness,weoftenhearaboutitinrelationtoautomationandtheimpendinglossofjobs,butinwhatwaysisAIchangingcompaniesandthelargereconomythatdon’tinvolvedoom-and-gloommassunemploymentpredictions?ArecentsurveyofmanufacturingandserviceindustriesfromTataConsultancyServicesfoundthatcompaniescurrentlyuseAImoreoftenincomputer-to-computeractivitiesthaninautomatinghumanactivities.Onecommonapplication?Preventingelectronicsecuritybreaches,which,ratherthaneliminatingITjobs,actuallymakesthosepersonnelmorevaluabletoemployers,becausetheyhelpfirmspreventhackingattempts.HereareafewotherwaysAIisaidingcompanieswithoutreplacingemployees:BetterhiringpracticesCompaniesareusingartificialintelligencetoremovesomeoftheunconsciousbiasfromhiringdecisions.“Thereareexperimentsthatshowthat,naturally,theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAIsaysdroDomingos,authorofTheMasterAlgorithm:HowtheQuestfortheUltimateLearningMachineWillRemakeOurWorldandacomputerscience41 Onecompanythat’sdoingthisiscalledBlendoor.Itusesanalyticstohelpidentifywheretheremaybebiasinthehiringprocess.MoreeffectivemarketingSomeAIsoftwarecananalyzeandoptimizemarketingemailsubjectlinestoincreaseopenrates.OnecompanyintheUK,Phrasee,claimstheirsoftwarecanoutperformhumansbyupto10percentwhenitcomestoemailopenrates.Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.42 Theseare“toolsthathelppeopleusedata,notareplacementforpeople,”saysPatrickH.Winston,aprofessorofartificialintelligenceandcomputerscienceatMIT.SavingcustomersmoneyEnergycompaniescanuseAItohelpcustomersreducetheirelectricitybills,savingthemmoneywhilehelpingtheenvironment.Companiescanalsooptimizetheirownenergyuseandcutdownonthecostofelectricity.Insurancecompanies,meanwhile,canbasetheirpremiumsonAImodelsthatmoreaccuratelyaccessrisk.“Before,theymightnottheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,”saysDomingos,43 Improvedaccuracy“Machinelearningoftenprovidesamorereliableformofstatistics,whichmakesdatamoresaysWinston.It“helpspeoplemakesmarterdecisions.”44 ProtectingandmaintaininginfrastructureAnumberofcompanies,particularlyinenergyandtransportation,useAIimageprocessingtechnologytoinspectinfrastructureandpreventequipmentfailureorleaksbeforetheyhappen.“Iftheyfailfirstandthenyoufixthem,veryexpensive,”saysDomingos.45 Ireplacestheboringpartsofyourjob.Ifyou’redoingresearch,youcanhaveAIgooutandlookforrelevantsourcesandinformationthatotherwiseyoujustwouldn’thavetimefor.Oneaccountingfirm,EY,usesanAIsystemthathelpsreviewcontractsduringanaudit.Thisprocess,alongwithemployeesreviewingthecontracts,isfasterandmoreaccurate.TherearealsocompanieslikeAcquisio,whichanalyzesadvertisingperformanceacrossmultiplechannelslikeAdwords,Bingandsocialmediaandmakesadjustmentsorsuggestionsaboutwhereadvertisingfundswillyieldbestresults.Youwanttopredictifsomethingneedsattentionnowandpointtowhereit’susefulforemployeestogoto.Before,theymightnotinsuretheoneswhofeltlikeahighriskorchargethemtoomuch,ortheywouldchargethemtoolittleandthenitwouldcost[thecompany]money.We’realsogivingourcustomersbetterchannelsversuspickingupthephonetoaccomplishsomethingbeyondhumanscale.AIlooksatrésumésingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto,andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.参考答案：41-45：GCEBD【解析】hiringpractices”可知，本段内容是想要讲AI在招聘中的使用。通读段落，不难在段落中发现“useAItoremovesomeofthessmgsI去除雇佣决策中无意识的偏见

theresultsofinterviewsaremuchmorebiasedthanwhatAI面试结果要比AI面试结果更有偏见。根据以上信息，可以得知1空中填入的选项应该与I“聘“雇佣”以及I比人类更为出色”等关键信息有关，在七个选项中，只选项“AIlooksatresumeingreaternumbersthanhumanswouldbeableto，andselectsthemorepromisingcandidates.”满足条件，其中“resume”表示“履历”;“nsdeableo表“比人类做得好; seecandidates”表示“挑选更有前途希望的候选人。因此，本题选G。根据本段小标题“MoreeffectivecompanyintheUKAIThiscanmeanmillionsmoren2IThesearetoolsthathelp42tools选项为正确选项。C中“Therearealsocompanies”与文中“OnecompanyintheUK;CessCdts”与文中“Thiscanmeanmillionsmoreinrevenue.C。本段小标题为“gscompaniescanbasetheirpremi