新概念英语语法：句子成分结构图

一.英语句子一般成分

新概念英语语法：句子成分结构图（定）主语 +(状)谓+二主要成分可能出现考点

表语（定语）宾语特别特别注意从句不能倒装Whatmadeussosurprisedwashisunexpectedwordsatthemeeting.(从句一般当单数）特殊疑问词引导主语从句 Whyhewaslateforthemeetingremainstobeseen.从句缺成） Howandwhenwewillfinishthetaskisbeingdiscussednow.主语从句 that引导主语从句 Thatourteamhadwonthegamecausedsomushexcitementamongus.(主语从句中引导词that不能省

（从句不缺成分）

表据说等Itiswidelyacceptedthatparentsshouldsetanexampletothekids.略) it形式主语 (可转isacceptedwidely,parentsshouldsetanexampleforthekids.Itishightimethatwestartedtheunfinishedworkatonce（特别注意时态）(注意此句型和下面两个句子时态变化不一样）主语 虚拟语气 Itisdemandedthatwe(should)starttheunfinishedworkatonce.（此结构中表语可能是表命令、祈使、要求、建议的过去分词或部分形容词）Itisnecessary/important/essentialthatwe(should)doitsoon.Itis+adj.+for/ofsbtodosth.结构（注意for和of的选择问题）it形式主语 Itcostmealmost20hourstofinishthedocumentyouarereadingnow.(注意“花”的考）Itisofnouse/good/needpayinghimfortheinformation.Heliesalot.NotonlytheteacherbutalsothestudentshavebeentoBeijingforavisit. NeitherthestudentsnortheteacherisinsideTheyallhaveleft.就/就远原则 Thereisanofficerand20citizensdiscussingthepolicy以下就远20citizens,togetherwith/except/but/besides…anofficerarediscussingthepolicy.TheUnitedNations,aswellasthatpoorcountry,isconcernedaboutthesituation.(完成句子

ThefactthatBinLatinhadhiddenhimselfinthecitycenterforyearssafelysurprisedtheworld.(注意过去完成时一般有参考的过去时态，并表示过去的过去,而不是连续发生的先后动作）Hehadhardly/scarcelyrunoutofthehousewhenthewaterwasuponhim.Nosoonerhadshestoodthananotherwavesweptherdown. ）特别注意上Theoldbuildingisbeingtorndownandanewonewillbebuiltwhereitstands.下文时态）Itisthefirstthatandisabledmanhaswonsomuchattentionworldwide.(表第几次做什么事用完成时）Untilnext5ththetrainwillhavebeenrunningfor1000dayswithoutaccidents./语态Whenandwheretobuildthefactoryhasnotbeendecidedyet.--Hey,youhitmyhead. I'mterriblysorry.Iwasnotnoticing.Accordingtotheartdealerthepaintingisexpectedto）goforatleastamilliondollarsexpect)Furthermeasuresarebeingtaken（）topreventthewaterpollutionthere.(measure)现在是表将来 （注意在条、时间和让步状语从句中一般现在是表将来）Theteacherwillnottellthestudenttheansweruntiltheyhavediscusseditthemselves./认You'vefailedtodowhatyouwereexpectedtodoandI'mafraidtheteacherwillblameyou.为/期待…AppoloissaidtobestudyinginEnglandbutIdonotknowwhereexactly.意义的考查Heisbelievedtohaveoncewontheprize,butwhoknows.get+done考察要注意Pleasegetdressedassoonaspossible.谓语省略（如果从句主语是句子主语或it，且谓语动词为be动词，可以降从句主语和谓语省略）Ifitwasnecessary,thesecretaryofUSsaid,theUSairforcewouldattackLibya.If(heis)givenenoughtime,heissuretoaccomplishtheworkas(heis)demanded.否定状语前置（特别注意little,hardly,seldom等隐性否定词）LittlehadIknownabouttheaccidentbeforeshetoldme.OnnoaccountwillwegiveupsavingtheinjuredintheJapaneseearthquakestrickenareas.Notonlydidheknowalotaboutthepeoplebutalsohewasfamiliarwiththeculturethere.）强调状语前置（一般以only,so为代表）倒装 Onlybyknowwhatwecanknowbestcanwegetreadyforthechancesinthefuture.Greatlylovedaretheromanticworksofhis.Buriedwithhimwerethetoolsthoughttobeusedinanotherlife.Soexpensiveistheproductthatfewpeoplewillbuyit.（特别注意下面两个句子的倒装）倒装条件 KnowntoallarethecharactersintheplaywrittenbyJingYongfromH.K..Suchafrightdidthemangetthathedroppedhisbagandranaway.neither、nor、so表“也”前置虚拟语气省if Haditnotbeenforwhathesaid,Iwouldnothaveagreedwiththeproposal.介词表方向前置 Outcametheteacherandthestudents. (注意此处为全部倒）Afterthedeafeningthunder,downpouredtherainstorm.谓语 地点状语前置与表位于位于搭配 AtthefootofthemountainliesthecityIusedtolivein.Dissatisfiedashewaswiththepayment,hetookthejobjusttogetsomeexperience.As表虽、尽管 Childasheis,heismuchconcernedaboutpolitics.）Muchasheadmireshisfather,hedoesn'talwaysobeyhim.Tryasyoumay,thechanceforyoutoachieveyourdreamseemsslim.(请以教师课堂讲解为主；此处主要为方便大家记忆）句中出be动，情态动，助动，则直接将这些词提前到主语前面一般做法如何倒装 在here，there,out,in,up,down,away等副词开头句，将谓语直接提前以上两种情况外可先将句子变成否定句，看加什么词，然后将此词提前，但否定词不能添加进句子里（）1000beingdone Beingdevotedtohisworkresultedinhisgreatsuccess）Beingtiredoftheheavyworktheworkerswanteddesperatelytohavearest.：Tiredoftheheavyworktheworkerswanteddesperatelytohavearest.（）/进行时态以及现在分子的完成时态是高考非谓语动词考查的重点Thebookofthatfamouswriterissaidtohavebeentranslatedintoseverallanguages.Sometimesmoviesstarsaretoblameformisleadingcustomers.Theeffectsoftheaccidentsremaintobeseenassomanyfactorsarestillunclear.Whodoyouthinkistoblameifyoufindtheproductunsatisfactory?HeisbelievedtobelivingsomewhereinAmerica,butwedonotknowexactly.非谓语动词 Havingbeenseparatedfromothercontinentsformillionsofyears,Australiahasstrangeplants.Havinglivedinthecountrysideforyears,hefeelsitinconvenienttoliveinthecity.with复合结构的考查Withonly20secondstogo,thechanceoftheteam'swinningthegameseemssmall.Withallhisworkdone,themanagerfeltatease.Withtwostudentsfollowinghim,theprofessorcameintotheroom.Withhiswifebesidehim,theJapaneseteachersangabeautifulsong.HiswifebesidehimtheJapaneseteachersangabeautifulsong.（）France'sair-attackingLibyasuddenlyshockedthewholeworld.Itbeingmyfirsttimetostandbeforesomanypeople,Ididnotknowwhattosay.Disappointedattherebeinglittletodo,hefinallydecidedtohavearestthere.总体讲，虚拟语气变化分两类：表命令、祈使、要求、建议，用（should）+do其他虚拟将时态往时间轴左边移动一个时态（至少是去过时）高考完成句子主要考察以下几类（可根据从句或主句谓语变化及上下文体会对什么时态虚拟）：IfIhadgotearlierthismorning,Iwouldhavecaughtthebus.对过去虚拟

IfonlyIhadfinishedthetaskbytheendofthedeadlinesetbytheboss.IwouldratherIhadnottoldhimthenews,whichupsethimbeyondmyexpectation.Butforyourhelp,wewouldnothavemadesomuchprogress.Withouthiswarnsaheadoftime,thejournalistwouldhavebeenindanger.虚拟语气

虚拟语气的省略 Shouldanotherwouldwarbreakout,whatwouldbecomeofhumanmust/can/could/may/mighthavedone表对过去推：一、很可、可能做了某事情态动词+现在完成时结构

Itmusthaverainedsometimelastnightforthegroundiswet.TherearesomanypeoplegatheringthereWhatmighthavemust表推测的时候是不能用在否定句中和疑问句中的may/might表推测一般也不用于疑问句can/could/wouldhavedone:本来能够做而没有；注意有时可能是否定Thelosswould/couldhavebeenlessifthelocalgovernmenthadtakenactionearlier.need/oughtto/shouldhavedone/应该而没有Accordingtotheinternationalwar,theUSgovernmentneedhaveinformedtheUNcouncilaheadoftime.Youshouldhavepaidmoreattentiontowhattheteacherhadsaidbeforestartingyourexperiment.表语 如果谓语动词be动词或系动我们习惯上把谓语后的叫表表语可为任何词性的、短语或从句宾语和表语区： 宾语 如果谓语动词为实义动有自己独立意而不是根据上下文决定意义的则一般带宾宾语一般为具有名词性质的短语或从从句一般如果从句不缺成分，宾语从句用that引导，且that可以省去that引导从: Thecommanderordered(that)allsoldiersshouldhavearestforatleast20minutes.宾语从句 Iamsure(that)GDPratethisyearwillgodownto7%asexceptedbythecentralgovernment.注意这个句子是形容词后带的宾，常见sure,happy,certain,glad宾语 特别特别注意从句不能倒装表语 特别注意句不能倒

IwascertainofwhatIhaddoneintheprotestagainstanimalhunting.TheYellowCraneTempleliesinwhatiscalledWuhan.Ididnotknowwhysuchaclevermanshouldhavesaidthat.特殊疑问词引导 Weshouldbeinformedwhenourdemandcouldberespondedto.ThewholenationwerecuriousabouthowthethiefhadstolentheobjectsundersevereTheywantedtomakeclearwhatwaswrongwiththemachine.Theywantedtoknowwhatwasthematterwiththemachine.Weallwanttomakeitclearthatourdemandsshouldsomehowmustbemetsoonerorlater.it形式宾语Theaimofthecampaignistogetitacrosstotheworldthatmenarebornequal.表语从句表语从句可参考宾语从句内容，但是要注意表语从句中的引导词that不能省略Whathemeantwasthatweshouldpaymoreattentiontoothersinsteadofourselves.Thequestionremainingtobesolvedishowthethiefstolethegoodswithoutbeingnoticed.itIfoundithardtoaccepthisdemands.of+N. Mary'sspeechwasofsignificancetoherwritingheressay.倍数关系其实就是考察同学们能不能记住词的顺序；务必多背诵相关句子Thecompanyemploysthreetimesasmanyworkersasitusedtotwoyearsago.(注意以下句中并不是定语，为方便记忆放在这里）同级比较 Thecompanyemploysmorethanthreetimesasmanyworkersasitusedtotwoyearsago.倍数关系 ThepopulationofChinaisaboutfourtimesasmuchasthatinUS.ThepopulationofChinainaboutfourtimesthatofUS.定语 LineAisthreetimesthelengthofB.Peoplewhodonotgetenoughsleeparetwiceaslikelytodieofheartdiseaseasthosewhegetenough.LineasisthreetimesofBinlength.比较级 Thisbuildingistwotimesolderthanthatone.no/notmorethan区别

nomorethan否定两者；notmorethan否定一个Asforthis,hehasnomorerightsthanme.(意思是我们都没有多大权利）AsforwealthIdonothavemoremoneythanhis.（）Thereweretwentypersonstherenoneofwhomsaidanythingaboutthe有修饰

Theystayedwithmeforthreeweeks,duringwhichtimetheydrankupallthewineIhad.Isenthimtwobooks,thebiggerofwhichmightmeetyourneedIsupposed.whose引导Didyounoticethehousewhosewindowswerebroken?定语从句 Thevictimsmostofwhosehouseshadbeendestroyedwerehousedinthelocalschool.as/whichAsismentionedabove,theresultofthecaseisunveiledyet.AnseriousearthquakehitJapan,whichisthehottestnewsrecently.注意以point/situation/time/reason等为先行词的定语从句引导词的判断Thecouplehavecometothepointwheredevoiceisinevitable.分词作定语请参考谓语部分说明相对来讲，高考英语对状语的考察不是很多，但注意以下问题分词作状语请参考谓语部分说明onlyto Hehurriedtothestation,onlytofindthatthetrainhadleft.让步状语从句 Whateverhesaystoexplaintheincident,donotbelievehim.状语 Nomatterwhathesaystoexplaintheincident,donotbelievehim.Thejudgesweresoangrywiththecrimethattheyallvotedforthesentence.Soangrywerethejudgeswiththecrimethattheyallvotedforthesentence.结果状语从句 Suchagoodguyishethatweallhavemercyforhimontheaccident.状语从句 Heissuchagoodguythatweallhavemercyforhimontheaccident.Suchafrightdidhemangetthathedroppedhisbagandranaway.Itwassuchgoodweatherthattheyallwentourforawalkinginthemountain.Itwassogoodweatherthattheyallwentourforawalkinginthemountain.地点状语从句 Wherethereiswater,thereisacity.Atheaterwasbuiltwherethereusedtobeapollutedlake.Openthewindowsandwindwillcomesoftlyin.条件状语从句 Donotgooutaloneatnightoryoumaygetlost.注意经常考察条件状语从句中现在时表将来时时间状语当常见的every/eachtime,thefirsttime,themoment/minitue,immediatrly等时间状语，可以充当连词功能（前不能加介词）连词 MyfatherwentoutimmediatelyIgothome.Theinstanttheplanetookoff,itwentwrongandthepassengersaboardwerebadlyinjured.ThefisttimeIsawher,Iwasfascinatedbyhercalmness.三.其它经常出现的考点Themore…themore… Themorewewordforothers,thehappierwewillbe.陈述句 Ithisbeinglateforclassagainthatannoyedtheteacher.Canyoutellmewhereitwasthatyoulostyourmoney?一般问句Wasithisbeinglateforclassagainthatannoyedthe强调句型特殊问 Whatwasitthatannoyedtheteacher?和定从混Itwasthegeneralthatwonthebattlethatwashonoredbythepresident.thereisnoneedtodosth… 没必要… Thereisnoneedtofinishitinsuchahurry.thereisnodoubtthat… 毫无疑问 Thereisnodoubtthathewillturnup.there thereisa(high)chancethat… 很可能 Thereisahighchancethathewillturnor thereisnopoint/sense(in)doing 做没必要 Thereisnopointdiscussingitwithhim.it Itisnowonderthat 难怪 It'snowonderthathecouldfinishitsosoon.Itisnogood/use/needdoing 做没好/用/必要 It'snouseaskinghimformercy.Heissocruelaman.whenitcomestosth 当涉及到 Whenitcomestomath,Iamnotatallhisrival.itsuddenlyoccurredtosbthat… 突然想到 Itsud