江苏省大学生专升本英语考试2001-2019年真题试卷

学习指导：2001-2004做语法与词汇，2005-2010题目难度较大，建议在老师的指导下选做江苏省2001普通高校“专转本”统一考试英语试卷一、阅读理解Passage1DoyouwanttosaywhatyouthinkinalettertothePresidentoftheUnitedStates?Youllgetareplyfromhim-writteninink,nottyped-afteronlyafewdays.ThePresidentgetsabout?$4,000letterseveryweek.HeanswerseveryonewhowritestohimonspecialWhiteHousepaper.Buthedoesn*tneedalotoftimeforit.Infact,heonlygives20minutesaweektolookingathispersonalcorrespondence.Hehasthemostmodernsecretaryintheworldtohelphim.It'scomputer,worth$800,000,whichhasitsownroomsonthefirstflooroftheWhiteHouse.IthasabankofelectronicpenswhichwritelikethePresidentwrites,inhisfavoritelightblueink.EachletterthePresidentreceivesgetsanumber,accordingtothetypeofansweritneeds.Thepensthenwritethecorrectreplyforit,accordingtothenumber.Eachlettertakeslessthanasecondtowrite.AWhiteHouseofficialsaid,HIfsnotimportantthattheletterscomefromacomputer.EachlettersayswhatthePresidentwantstosay.uforareplyfromthePresident.A.YouhavetowaitalongtimeC.YouhavetowaitatleastonemonthforareplyfromthePresident.A.YouhavetowaitalongtimeC.YouhavetowaitatleastonemonthThereplyfromthePresidentA.isalwaysprintedC.isalwayswrittenininkIttakesthecomputernomorethantensecondsYouonlyhavetowaitseveraldaysD.YouonlyhavetowaitafewweeksB.isalwaystypedD.isalwayswrittenbyhimselftowritetenletters.B.alittlemorethantensecondsC.lessthantensecondsD.atleastonesecondC.lessthantensecondsD.atleastonesecondThecomputercanbedescribedasA.expensivebutefficient B.possessingabeautifulhandwritingC.heavyandinefficient D.thePresident'smostreliablesecretaryItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthePresidentneverreadsanyletterswrittentohimbyordinarypeoplethePresidenthiresaveryefficientsecretarytodealwithhiscorrespondencethePresidentdoesnotreallycareaboutthelettershereceiveseveryweekthePresidentisassuredthatthecomputerexpresseshisviewsinthelettersPassage2Inordertolearntobeone'strueself^itisnecessarytoobtainawideandextensiveknowledgedwhathasbeensaidanddoneintheworld;criticallytoinquireintoit;carefullytoconsiderit;clearlytoanalyzeit;andearnestlytocarryitout.Itmattersnotwhatyoulearn,butwhenyouoncelearnathing,youmustnevergiveitupuntilyouhavemasteredit.Itmattersnotwhatyouinquireinto,butwhenyouonceinquireintoathing,youmustnevergiveitupuntilyouhavethoroughlyunderstoodit.Itmattersnotwhatyoutrytothinkof,butwhenyouoncetrytothinkofathing,youmustnevergiveitupuntilyouhavegotwhatyouwant.Itmattersnotwhatyoutrytocarryout,butwhenyouoncetrytocarryoutathing,youmustnevergiveitupuntilyouhavedoneitthoroughlyandwell.Ifanothermansucceedsbyoneeffort,youwilluseahundredefforts.Ifanothermansucceedsbytenefforts,youwilluseathousand.Accordingtotheauthor,firstofallonemustA.analyzeB.inquireC.obtainknowledge D.actAccordingtotheauthor,A.learningisnotimportant B.thinkingisnotnecessaryC.knowledgemeanslittle D.itisnotimportantwhatwelearnTheendoflearningshouldbeA.thought B.masteryC.inquiry D.analysisAccordingtotheauthor,anotherman'ssuccessshouldA.makegreaterefforts B.makeusnervousC.notbetakenintoconsideration D.causeonetostoptryingTheauthorimpliesbutdoesnotsaythattheway*toknowledgeisthroughspecializationonehastoknoweverythingtobesuccessfulsuccessdependsnotsomuchonnaturalabilityasitdoesoneffortsuccessinone*sprofessionisleastimportantinone'slifePassage3About70millionAmericansaretryingtoloseweight.Thatisalmost1outofevery3peopleintheUnitedStates.Somepeoplegoondiets.Thismeanstheyeatlessofcertainfoods,especiallyfatsandsugars.Otherpeopleexercisewithspecialequipment,takedietpills,orevenhavesurgery.Losingweightishardwork,anditcanalsocostalotofmoney.SowhydosomanypeopleintheUnitedStateswanttoloseweight?ManypeopleintheUnitedStatesworryaboutnotlookingyoungandattractive.Formanypeople,lookinggoodalsomeansbeingthin.Otherpeopleworryabouttheirhealth.Manydoctorssaybeingoverweightisnothealthy.ButareAmericansrallyfat?Almost30millionAmericansweighatleast20percentmorethantheiridealweight.Infact,theUnitedStatesisthemostoverweightcountryintheworld.nThcstoredfatofadultAmericansweighs2.3trillionpounds,'*saysUniversityofMassachusettsanthropologist（人类学家）GeorgeArmelagos.Hesaysburningoffthatstoredenergywouldproduceenoughpowerfbr900,000carstogo12,000miles.Losingweightishardwork,butmostpeoplewanttofindafastandeasywaytotakeofffat.Bookstoresselllotsofdietbooks.Thesebookstellreadershowtoloseweight.Eachyear,dozensofnewbookslikethesearcwritten.Eachoneboaststohelppeopletogetridoffat.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawayoflosingweight?A.Toeatlessfatsandsugars. B.Tohavesurgery.C.Totakemuchexercise. D.Toworkhard.ManyAmericansaretryingtoloseweightbecauseA.theywanttolookattractive B.theyaremisledbydoctorsC.theywanttokeepfit D.bothAandCThefiguresgiveninthethirdparagraphsuggestthatA.Americansaredependentoncars B.carsconsumealotofmoneyC.Americansneedlosingweight D.excessoffatcanbeasourceofenergyItcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraphthatA.dietbooksarenotalwayseffective B.dietbooksareusuallyhelpfulC.therearelotsofwaysoflosingweight D.bookstoresarekeepingtheirpromisesItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethatA.peoplethinktoomuchoftheirappearanceB.thereisnotasurewayoflosingweightasyetC.surgeryisthefastestwayoflosingweightD.goingondietisasafewayoflosingweightPassage4IrecentlywroteanautobiographyinwhichIrecalledmanyoldmemories.Oneofthemwasfrommyschooldays,whenourninthgradeteacher,MissRaber,wouldpickoutwordsfromtheReader'sDigesttotestourvocabulary.Today,morethan45yearslater,1alwayscheckout"ItpaystoEnrichYourWordPower*1firstwhentheDigestcomeseachmonth.1amimpressedwiththatidea,wordpower.Reader'sDigestknowsthepowerthatwordshavetomovepeople-toentertain,inform,*andinspire.TheDigesteditorsknowthatthebigwordisn'talwaysthebestword.Takejustoneexample,aQuotableQuoteformtheFebruary1985issue:"Timeisaplayfulthing.Itslipsquicklyanddrinksthedaylikeabowlofmilk."Nineteenwords,onlytwoofthemmorethanonesyllable,yethowmuchtheyconvey!That'susuallyhowitiswithReader'sDigest.Smallandsimplecanbeprofound.AschairmanofafoundationtorestoretheStatueofLiberty,I'vebeenmakingalotofspeecheslately.1trytokeepthemfairlyshort.Iusesmallbutvividwords:wordslike"hope","guts","faith"，“drcams”.ThosearewordsthatmovepeopleandsaysomuchaboutthespiritofAmerica.Don'tgetmewrong.Tmnotagainstusingbigwords,whenitisrighttodoso,butIhavealsolearnedthatasmallwordcanworkasmallmiracle-ififstherightword,intherightplace,attheright''secret**time.It'sa"secret“thatIhope1neverforget.ThepassageismainlyaboutA.oneofthemanyoldmemoriesB.usingsimplewordstoexpressprofoundideasC.Reader'sDigestandschoolspeechesD.howtomakeeffectivespeechestseemsthatReadefsDigestisamagazinepopular*withA.peopleofallagesB.teenagersC.schoolteachersD.elderlyreadersTheexampletheauthorgivesinthesecondparagraphmightmeanonespendshisdayplayinganddrinking B.don'twasteyourtimeasonedoestimeslipseasilyifyoudon'tmakegooduseofittimeisjustlikedrinkingmilkfromabowlTheauthor's''secret**isA.toavoidusingbigwordsatanytimeB.tousewordsthathavethepowertomovepeopleC.toworkamiraclebyusingasmallwordD.tousesmallandsimplewordswherepossibleAccordingtotheauthor,well-chosenwordscangivepeopleA.hope,courage,andideas B.confidence,determination,andstrengthC.pleasure,knowledge,andencouragementD.entertainment,information,andpower二、语法与词汇Ifsstillearlyinthemorning.Thereisn*tintheoffice.A.anyone B.everyoneC.nobody D.anypeopleisnotknownwhattheydiscussedinthemeeting.A.ThatB.HeC.ThisD.ItThesadnewsbrokeherandshehasbeengloomyeversince.A.feelings B.emotionsC.mind D.heartHeismuchofagentlemantofight.

Notuntilthisterm torealizehowimportantthissubjectistohisfuturecareerasadiplomat.A.hebeganB.hehasbegunC.didhebeginD.thathehasbegunA.hebeganwhowouldliketogoonthetripshouldputtheirnamesonthelist.A.ThoseB.TheseC.SomebodyD.TheonesAbottleweighslessafterairistakenout,provesthatairhasweight.A.weB.itC.whichD.whatA.weB.itC.whichD.whatHowlong.yousupposediditlastdoyousupposeitlastedyousupposediditlastdoyousupposeitlasteddidyousupposeitlastyousupposeitlasteddidyousupposeitlastyousupposeitlastedtheman'saccent.Smithhadsometroubletheman'saccent.A.tounderstandB.understandingC.forunderstandingD.withunderstandingThenextfewdayscouldbefbrthepeacenegotiation.A.maximumB.practicalC.criticalD.urgentHequitealotwhenhewasyoung.A.usedtotravelB.usedtotravelingC.wasusedtotravelD.wouldusetotravelYoumeyourtelephonenumberincasesomeonewantstocontactyou.A.hadbettergiveB.hadbettergivenC.hadbettertogiveD.hadbettergaveMaryusedtotheroomwithLinda.A.separateB.divide C.hold D.share"Mustwehandinourexercise-booksnow?No,youA.mustn*t B.don*t C.needn't D.can'tShepulledawayfromthewindowanyoneshouldseethem.A.lest B.eventhoughC.unless D.onlyifNotahasbeenfoundsofarthatcanhelpthepolicefindthecriminal.A.fact B.clue C.symbolD.signShewouldmakeateacherfarsuperiortheaverage.A.overB.thanC.beyondD.toRadioisdifferentfromtelevisioninitsendsandreceivespictures.A.whichB.that C.what D.thisTomandJackhavereturnedbutstudentsofthegrouphaven'tcomebackyet.Ithalfayearsincewetostudyinthisuniversity.A.is;come B.is;havecomeC.hasbeen;cameD.hasbeen;havecomeThefactthatsomethingischeapdoesn*tmeanitisoflowquality.A.necessarilyB.especiallyC.essentiallyD.practicallyTheysetoffbycarandthenearesttown.A.madeforB.madeafterC.madeoutD.madetoTakethisbaggageandyoucanfindenoughroom.A.putitwhichB.putitinwhichC.putitatwhereD.putitwhereverHedoesn'twantthathe'sgoingaway.A.tobeknownB.himtobeknownC.thattobeknownD.ittobeknownThenoisearoundwasterrible,but1hadtoit.A.keepawayfromB.keepupwithC.livewithD.liveonHethathisguestswerebored,althoughtheywerelisteningpolitely.A.impressedB.sensedC.inferred D.identifiedOnSundaysIpreferathometoout.A.tostay;goB.stay;goingC.staying;goingD.staying;goTdliketowritetohim,butwhafstheHeneverwritesback.A.significanceB.businessC.pointD.purposeTherewereopinionsastothebestlocationforthenewschool.A.disagreeingB.conflictingC.rejectingD.revertingbythenewsofhisfather'sdeath,hecouldhardlyutteraword.A.TobestunnedB.StunnedC.TostunD.Stunning,we'dbettermakesomechangesintheplan.A.Thatisthecase B.ThatbeenthecaseC.Thattobethecase D.ThatbeingthecaseTheyhaveequippedtheofficewiththebusinessmachines.A.lastB.latterC.latestD.laterThepolicefoundthatGeorgehadstillanotherofincome.A.originB.sourceC.basis D.meansAnopen-mindedteacherdoesn'talways onesingleteachingmethod.A.setasideB.takeover C.takeonD.sticktoMuchtothestudenfstheexamwaspostponed.A.burdenB.concernC.reliefD.requirementChildrennormallyfeelalotofabouttheirfirstdayatschool.A.anxiety B.differenceC.feelings D.troubleTheweatherwashotthatshedecidedtohavethebarberherhairstyle.A.rather;tochangeB.so;changeC.muchtoo;changeD.too;changedShemeetherformerinstructoronthebus.A.delightedtoB.happenedtoC.pleasedtoD.tendedtoJustasnotwowordsaretrulysynonymousnotwodifferentexpressionscanmeanexactlythesamething.A.ratherB.alsoC.yetD.soThenewengineer'ssuggestionswereintherevisedplan.A.entitledB.engagedC.embodiedD.estimated三、完形填空Otherexperimentshaveshown61thebrainneedstimeto"digest"62 hasbeenlearned.Thetimenecessary63thisis5to10minutes.Afterabreakofthistimethememorywillhave64whathasjustbeenlearnt,andmorewillberemembered.Duringthisbreak,65isimportanttoexercisetherightsideofthebrain,66theleftsideisusedduringalearningperiod.67youshouldrelaxinsomeway,68music,breathinginfreshair,and69atapicture,areallwaysofusing70 sideofthebrain.61.A.thatB.whatC.whichD.it62.A.thatB.howC.whatD.which63.A.inB.forC.aboutD.to64.A.attractedB.addedC.broughtD.absorbed65.A.thisB.itC.thatD.such66.A.becauseofB.duetoC.becauseD.justas67.A.SothatB.NowthatC.HoweverD.Therefore68.A.HearingB.AttendingC.AbsorbingD.Listeningto69.A.lookingB.lookC.tolookD.looked70.A.otherB.theotherC.anotherD.othersHistorianscan*ttelluswhenorwhereor71thefirstfoodwascooked.Inearliest72peoplehadeatentheirfood73anfirewasusedonlytoprovideheatandlight.Thefirstprimitivecookswere74women,75preparingfoodandmakingclothingwereconsideredwomen'swork.76mostofthegreatchefsinhistoryhavebeenmen.Thismighthavebeenbecausechefslearned77workinthekitchensofrichfamilies 78inrestaurantsandwomendidn*toftentakejobsoutsidetheirhomes,oritmighthavebeenbecausekitchenequipmentwassoheavyanddifficulttoworkwith79onlystrongmencoulddoit.

Inmodemtimes,greatfemalechefshavebecomeknown,andsomeofthebestcookbooks80bywomen.71.A.whoB.whichC.howD.what72.A.timeB.timesC.agesD.period73.A.uncookedB.beingcookedC.uncookingD.tobeuncooked74.A.probableB.possibleC.probablyD.Hkewise75.A.whileB.sinceC.sothatD.unless76.A.ButB.ThereforeC.AndD.Moreover77.A.hisB.itsC.theirD.theirs78.A.aswellB.eitherC.bothD.or79.A.asB.suchC.soD.that80.A.havewrittenB.havebeenwrittenC.werewrittenD.arewrittenguests四、翻译中翻英：.他全神贯注在工作上thathedidn'thearanybodyknockingatthedoor..这条河以前是干净的butithasgotpollutedsincethechemicalplantwasbuilt..Ifheisnotattheoffice,就•定在别的什么地方。我刚才还看见过他。.只要照着告诉你的做，everythinewillbefine..那个工厂面临的问题ishowtoimprovethequalityofitsproducts..事实上直到读「你的信that1knewthetruestateofaffairs..Ifyouwanttopassyourexams,你就得集中精力提高听的技能。.Shedidnotaskabouthisname»以后也没有再遇见过他。.我认为山机对那场事故仇有责任。Itwasduetohiscarelessnessthatitallhappened..我们到达那里时又累又饿，andworstofallwecouldn'tfindanyfood.英翻中：Eachtime1sawMrs.Smith,ImistookherforLauraastheylookverymuchalike.Whensheheardthebellringing,Lucyrosefromherchairandmadeherwaytothedoor,whileherhusbandsalroolcdinhisscat.alwaystookitforgranlcdthattheywouldsucceedintheirexperiment.Givenbetterinstructions,thewatermelonscouldhavegrownbigger.Idon*tthinkyoushouldactonhisadviceimmediately.Thetrainwasheldupbythestorm,thuscausingthedelay.Hethoughtthatthebadworkingconditionswouldresultinthestrikeoftheworkers.Thenormaltemperaturefbrahumanbeingisabout37℃,nomatterinwhatpartoftheworldhelives.DoinRomeastheRomansdo.AlbertEinsteinwillalwaysberememberedasihcfounderoftheTheoryofRelativity.江苏省2002普通高校“专转本”统一考试英语试卷一、阅读理解Passage1InWashingtonD.C.,1600PennsylvaniaAvenueisaveryspecialaddress.ItistheaddressoftheWhiteHouse,thehomeofthePresidentoftheUnitedStates.OriginallytheWhiteHousewasgrayandwascalledthePresidentialPalace.Itwasbuiltfrom1792to1800.Atthistime,thecityofWashingtonitselfwasbeingbuilt.Itwastobethenation'snewcapitalcity.GeorgeWashington,thefirstPresident,andPierreCharlesL*Enfant,aFrenchengineer,chosetheplaceforthenewcity.L*Enfantthenplannedthecity.ThePresidenfshomewasanimportantpartoftheplan.AcontestwasheldtopickadesignforthePresidenfshome.AnarchitectnamedJamesHobanwon.Hedesignedalargethree-storyhouseofgraystone.PresidentWashingtonneverlivedinthePresidentialPalace.ThefirstPresidenttolivetherewasJohnAdams,thesecondPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andhiswife.Mrs.Adamsdidnotreallylikehernewhouse.Inherletters,sheoftencomplainedaboutthecold.Fiftyfireplaceswerenotenoughtokeepthehousewarm!In1812theUnitedStatesandBritainwenttowar.In1814theBritishinvadedWashington.Theyburnedmanybuildings,includingthePresidentialPalace.AfterthewarJamesHoban,theoriginalarchitect,partiallyrebuiltthePresident'shome.Tocoverthemarksofthefire,thebuildingwaspaintedwhite.BeforelongitbecameknownastheWhiteHouse.TheWhiteHouseisoneofthemostpopulartouristattractionsintheUnitedStates.Everyyearmorethan1.5millionvisitorsgothroughthefiveroomsthatareopentothepublic.TheWhiteHousewasbuiltinWashington.becauseaFrenchengineerwasinvitedtodesignitbecausePresidentGeorgeWashingtonlikedtoliveinitbecausetheBritishinvaderslivedinitin1812-1814becauseitwastobethenation'scapitalcityThePresidentialPalacewas.A.paintedgrayandwhite B.madeofgraystoneC.madeofwhitestone D.madeverywarminwinterThePresident'shomeandthecityofWashingtonwere.A.builtbytheAmericanarmy B.builtbytheBritishtroopsC.plannedbyGeorgeWashington D.plannedbytheFrenchTheoriginalhomeofthePresidentneededtoberebuilt.becauseJohnAdams*wifedidnotlikeitbecauseitwascoldinwinterevenwith50fireplacesbecauseithadburneddownduringthewarbecauseGeorgeWashingtonwasnotwillingtoliveinitThenewpresidentialhomewaspaintedwhiteto.A.coverthemarksoffire B.attracttouristsfromFranceC.topleaseMrs.JohnAdams D.keepitwarminwinterPassage2Therearetwokindsofmemory:short-tennandlong-term.Informationinlong-termmemorycanberememberedatalatertimewhenitisneeded.Theinformationmaybekeptfordaysorweeks.However,informationinshort-termmemoryiskeptfbronlyafewseconds,usuallybyrepeatingtheinformationoverandover.Thefollowingexperimentshowshowshort-termmemoryhasbeenstudied.HenningstudiedhowstudentswhoarelearningEnglishasasecondlanguageremembervocabulary.Thesubjectsinhisexperimentwere75collegestudents.TheyrepresentedalllevelsofabilityinEnglish:beginning,intennediate,advanced,andnative-speakingstudents.Tobegin,thesubjectslistenedtoarecordingofanativespeakerreadingaparagraphinEnglish.Followingtherecording,thesubjectstooka15-questiontesttoseewhichwordstheyremembered.Eachquestionhadfourchoices.Thesubjectshadtocirclethewordtheyhadheardintherecording.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthatsoundalike.Forexample,weather,whether,wither,andwetterarefourwordsthatsoundalike.Someofthequestionshadfourchoicesthathavethesamemeaning.Method,way,manner,andsystemwouldbefourwordswiththesamemeaning.Finallythesubjectstookalanguageproficiencytest.HenningfoundthatstudentswithalowerproficiencyinEnglishmademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthatsoundalike;studentswithahigherproficiencymademoreoftheirmistakesonwordsthathavethesamemeaning.Henning*sresultssuggestthatbeginningstudentsholdthesoundofwordsintheirshort-termmemory,andadvancedstudentsholdthemeaningofwordsintheirshort-termmemory.Henningmadetheexperimentinordertostudy.howstudentsrememberEnglishvocabularybyshort-termmemoryhowstudentslearnEnglishvocabularyhowtodevelopstudents*abilityinEnglishhowlonginformationinshort-termmemoryiskeptWhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?Informationinshort-termmemoryisdifferentfromthatinlong-termmemory.Long-*termmemorycanbeachievedonlybytraining.Itiseasiertotestshort-termmemorythanlong-termmemory.Henninggaveaseparatetestonvocabularytohisstudents.FromHenning'sresultswecanseethat.beginnershavedifficultydistinguishingthepronunciationofwordsadvancedstudentsrememberwordsbytheirmeaningsoundalikeC.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthat

soundalikeD.itisdifficulttorememberwordsthathavethesamemeaningTheword"subject”inthepassagemeans.A.thecollegecoursethestudentstake B.thethemeofthelisteningmaterialC.abranchofknowledgestudied D.thestudentexperimentedonThepassagecenterson.A.memoryB.twokindsofmemoryC.short-termmemoryD.anexperimentonstudentsPassage3Thecowboyistheheroofmanymovies.Heis,eventoday,asymbolofcourageandadventure.Butwhatwasthelifeofthecowboyreallylike?Thecowboy*sjobisclearfromthewordcowboy.Cowboysweremenwhotookcareofcowsandothercattle.ThecattlewereintheWestandinTexas.PeopleinthecitiesoftheEastwantedbeeffromthesecattle.Trainscouldtakethecattleeast.Butfirstthecattlehadtogettothetrains.Partofthecowboy*sjobwastotakethecattlehundredsofmilestotherailroadtowns.Thetripswerecalledcattledrives.Acattledriveusuallytookseveralmonths.Cowboysrodeforsixteenhoursaday.Becausetheyrodesomuch,eachcowboybroughtalongabouteighthorses.Acowboychangedhorsesseveraltimeseachday.Thecowboyshadtomakesurethatthecattlearrivedsafely.Beforestartingonadrive,thecowboysbrandedthecattle.Theyburnedamarkonthecattletoshowwhotheybelongedto.Butthesemarksdidn*tstoprustlers,orcattlethieves.Cowboyshadtoprotectthecattlefromrustlers.Rustlersmadethedangeroustripevenmoredangerous.Eventhoughtheirworkwasverydifficultanddangerous,cowboysdidnotearnmuchmoney.Theywerepaidbadly.Yetcowboyslikedtheirwayoflife.Theylivedinawildandopencountry.Theylivedalifeofadventureandfreedom.AcowboyisasymbolofA.courageandadventureAcowboyisasymbolofA.courageandadventureC.moviesinthepastThecowboys*jobwastobeaheroinreallifeC.totakecareofcattleahardlifeandbigpayD.cowsandothercattleB.tobeaheroofthemovieD.tobeadangerousrustlerDuringacattledrive,cowboystookagroupofcowsfromawildandopencountryto.theWeststatesandTexasthecitiesoftheEastStatestheWeststatesandTexasthecitiesoftheEastStatesC.thepeoplewhoeatbeefinthecitiesD.therailroad'townshundredmilesawayOntheirwayofcattledrives,thecowboysprotectedthecattleby.burningamarkontheircowskeepinganeyeoncattlethievesburningamarkontheircowskeepinganeyeoncattlethievesC.makingthetripmoredangerous D.lookingaftereightcowseachpersonCowboysenjoyedthemselvesbecause.A.theylikedtheirwayoflife B.theymadealotofmoneyC.theyhadaverydifficultjob D.theywereheroesinmoviesPassage4Successfulinnovationshavedrivenmanyoldertechnologiestoextinctionandhaveresultedinhigherproductivity,greaterconsumptionofenergyincreaseddemandfbrrawmaterials,acceleratedflowofmaterialsthroughtheeconomyandincreasedquantitiesofmetalsandothersubstancesinuseeachperson.Thehistoryofindustrialdevelopmentaboundswithexamples.In1870,horsesandmulesweretheprimesourceofpoweronU.S.farms.Onehorseormulewasrequiredtosupportfourhumanbeings-aratiothatremainedalmostconstantfbrmanydecades.Atthattime,hadanationalcommissionbeenaskedtoforecastthepopulationfbr1970,itsanswerprobablywouldhavedependedonwhetheritsconsultantswereofaneconomicortechnologicalturnofmind.Hadtheybeen^economists**,theywouldprobablyhaveprojectedthe1970horseormulepopulationtobemorethan50million.Hadtheybeen"technologists"，theywouldhaverecognizedthatthepowerofsteamhadalreadybeenharnessedtoindustryandtolandandoceantransport.Theywouldhaverecognizedfurtherthatitwouldbetheprimesourceofpoweronthefarm.Itwouldhavebeendifficultfbrthemtoavoidtheconclusionthatthehorseandmulepopulationwoulddeclinerapidly.Accordingtothepassage,whatsuppliedmostofthepoweronU.S.farmsin1870?A.Animals. B.Humans. C.Engines. D.Water.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedbytheauthorasaconsequenceofnewtechnologicaldevelopments?A.Oldertechnologiesdieaway. B.Thequalityoflifeisimproved.C.Overallproductivityincreases. D.Morerawmaterialsbecomenecessary.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatby1870.technologybegantobemoreeconomicalB.thesteamenginehadbeeninventedtheU.S.horsepopulationwasabout10millionanationalcommissiononagriculturehadbeenestablishedInthesecondparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat“economists“.plantheeconomythroughyearlyforecastsfailtoconsidertheinfluenceoftechnologicalinnovationvaluetheeconomiccontributionoffarmanimalsconsultthenationalcommissionontheeconomyWhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardchangesbroughtonbytechnologicalinnovations?A.Heisexcitedaboutthem. B.Heacceptsthemasnatural.C.Heisdisturbedbythem. D.Hequestionstheirusefulness.二、语法与词汇thedifficultiesassociatedwiththeproject,wellgoonwithit.A.GivenB.InspiteofC.ThankstoD.BecauseofItwasalmostdarkinthestreetsafewverypowerfulspotlights.A.excludingB.butfbr C.except D.exceptfbrtoday,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.WouldheleaveB.IfheleavesC.WasheleavingD.WerehetoleaveHegavemesomeveryadviceonbuyingahouse.A.preciousB.expensiveC.wealthyD.dearHisgoalisnottobecomeasportsmanachampioninacertainfield.A.butratherbecame B.butrathertobecomeC.butratherbecoming D.butrathertobecomingjustmetheronthewayhomefromthebookstore.A.onpurposeB.byaccidentC.inaccidentD.incasedon*tknowabouthim,commentonhimbehindhis