英语II(1)动名词与不定式复习练习

精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业专心---专注---专业精选优质文档-----倾情为你奉上专心---专注---专业英语II（1）动名词和不定式综合复习练习深圳电大苏曼华非限定动词又称非谓语动词，即在句中不能单独作谓语，不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种，即不定式、动名词和分词。开放英语3要求掌握不定式和动名词。不定式动词不定式又称动词原形，指不受人称、数、时态限定的动词形式，也就是词典里通常列出的形式，前面一般有小品词to，但也有时不带to。不定式具有名词、形容词或副词的某些语法功能。不定式的形式形式构成举例（以take为例）肯定式to+动词原形totake否定式notto+动词原形nottotake进行式tobe+动词现在分词tobetaking完成式tohave+动词过去分词tohavetaken被动式tobe+动词过去分词tobetaken复合结构for+名词或代词宾格+to+动词原形forPeter/himtotake不定式的用法功能讲解例句作主语可以放在句首，但如果不定式过长，习惯上常用it代替不定式作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语不定式置于句末，以免头重脚轻。Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Tosaysomethingisonething,todoitisanother.说是一回事，做是另一回事。It’ssonicetohearyourvoice.听到你的声音真高兴。作表语说明主语的性质或内容。Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天清扫房间。Hisdreamistobeadoctor.他的梦想是成为一名医生。作宾语注意有些动词只能跟动词不定式而不跟动名词作宾语，如：allow,promise,refuse,agree,hope,decide,plan,learn,want,offer,arrange,fail,manage等。Thebabytriedtostandup.那个婴儿尽力要站起来。Heofferedtohelpus.他提出要帮助我们。Atfirstherefusedtoansweranyquestions.起初他拒绝回答任何问题。作宾语补足语下列动词后常跟带to的不定式作宾语补足语：ask,tell,want,get,wish,want,like,hate,beg,prefer,expect,advise,order等。下列动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：make,let,have,watch,see,hear,notice,feel,smell,listento,lookat等。Help后的不定式可带或不带to。Iwantyoutobehappy.我要使你幸福。Theteachertoldustoreadthetextfirst.老师让我们先读课文。Isawhimenterthehall.我看见他走进了大厅。TheyletmegotoShanghaibyplane.他们让我乘飞机去上海。Cansomebodyhelpme(to)movethistable?谁能来帮我搬这个桌子。作定语动词不定式作定语放在被修饰的名词或代词之后，往往表示未发生的动作,而且与被修饰词在意义上有动宾关系。所以若不定式是不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。Ihavealotofquestionstoask.我有许多问题要问。ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.下一列到站的火车是从纽约来的。Heneedsatidyenvironmenttoworkin.他需要整洁的工作环境。作状语修饰动词表示目的、结果或原因等。Willyoucometoseemetonight?今晚你来看我吗？(表示目的)Theboatistoosmalltoseatallofus.船太小了，坐不下我们所有人。(表示结果)I’msorrytohearthat.听说这事，我很难过。(表示原因)动词不定式前可带有who,how,when,why,where,which等疑问词，分别作主语、宾语补足语等成分，其作用相当于一个从句。Howtodoitisstillaproblem.(主语)如何做还是个问题。Shetoldmehowtoanswerthequestion.(宾补)她告诉我如何回答这个问题。Canyoutelluswho/why/how/when/wheretodoit?(宾补)你能告诉我们谁/为什么/如何/什么时候/在哪里做吗？动名词动名词也是非限定动词的一种形式。它既有动词的特征，又有名词的特征，故称动名词。动名词的形式形式构成举例（以take为例）肯定式v-ingtaking否定式notv-ingnottaking完成式having+动词过去分词havingtaken被动式being+动词过去分词beingtaken复合结构物主代词或名词所有格+v-inghis/Peter’staking动名词的用法功能讲解例句作主语可以放在句首，前面还可以有形容词修饰或物主代词（名词所有格）限定。在“Itisnouse(good)”等习惯用语中，常用it作形式主语放在句首，而把真正的主语v-ing置于句末。Talkingmendsnoholes.(谚)空谈无济于事。Hisknowingmynamesurprisedme.他知道我的名字真让我惊讶。Findingjobsseemsverydifficultthesedays.近来找工作似乎很难。Itisnousequarrellingwithher.跟她吵架是没用的。作宾语注意有些动词(动词短语)只能跟动名词而不跟不定式作宾语，如：admit,avoid,consider,deny,enjoy,finish,mind,suggest,escape,require,appreciate,keep(on),giveup,insiston等。Sheenjoyslisteningtoclassicalmusic.她喜欢听古典音乐。Wemustconsiderhisgivingitatry.我们应当考虑让他试一试。Wedon’tmindMary’ssayingthat.我们不介意玛丽说这些话。Heinsistedondoingitinhiswonway.他坚持按自己的方法来做这件事。作表语对主语说明、解释。Herjobiswashing,cleaningandtakingcareofthechildren.她的工作是洗刷、清扫和照顾孩子。作定语一般表示所修饰名词事物的用途。awritingdesk=adeskforwriting写字台aswimmingpool=apoolforswimming游泳池动名词与不定式的比较动名词多表示抽象一般的概念或行为，而不定式多表示具体的或特定的行为，特别是将来的行为。有时两者都可以用，没有多大的区别。例如：Toseeistobelieve.眼见为实。Seeingisbelieving.百闻不如一见。IlikereadingnovelsbutIdon’tliketoreadthisnovel.我喜欢看小说，但我不喜欢看这本小说。（前者是抽象一般的行为，后者是具体的行为。）Iprefergoingbybike.ButthistimeIprefertowalkthere.我比较喜欢骑车去。但这次我想走着去。（前者是抽象一般的行为，后者是具体的行为。）既能带不定式作宾语又能带动名词作宾语但意义不同的动词在动词forget,remember,regret等之后，用动名词作宾语时，表示动作发生在动词本身之前；用不定式作宾语时，则表示动作发生在动词本身之后。试比较：forgetdoingsomething忘记曾做过某事forgettodosomething忘记要做某事rememberdoingsomething记得曾做过某事remembertodosomething记得要去做某事或别忘了去做某事regretdoingsomething因做过某事感到后悔、不安regrettodosomething因要做某事感到不安。I’llneverforgetmeetingyouforthefirsttime.我永远也忘不了第一次和你见面的情景。Ihaveforgottentobringmyumbrella.我忘记带雨伞了。IrememberseeingyousomewhereinBeijing.我记得在北京的什么地方见过你。Youmustremembertowriteuswhenyougetthere.你一定要记得到达那儿时给我们写信。Theyregrettedorderingthesebooksfromabroad.他们后悔从国外订购了这些书。Weregrettotellyouthatwewon’tbeabletoattendthemeeting.我们很遗憾地告诉你我们无法出席会议。在动词stop,leaveoff,goon等之后，通常用动名词作宾语，用动词不定式则表示目的状语。试比较：stopdoing停止做某事，stoptodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事leaveoffdoing停止做某事，leaveofftodo停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事goondoing继续做原来做的事，goontodo做了一件事后，接着做另一件事Hasitstoppedraining?雨停了吗？Theystoppedtolisten,buttherewasnomoresound.他们停下来去听，但已经没有任何声音了。Hehasleftoffworking.他停止工作了。Ithinkweshouldleaveofftohavesomecoffee.我想我们该休息一下去喝点咖啡。Hewentontalking.他继续往下说。Hewentontotalkabouttheworldsituation.他接着又谈了谈世界形势。在动词mean,try,can’thelp,cease等之后，是用动名词还是用不定式，要根据这些动词本身的含义而定。试比较：meandoing意味着，meantodo打算、想。trydoing实验，试着做某事，trytodo努力，企图做某事。can’thelpdoing忍不住要做某事，can’thelptodo无助于做某事。ceasedoing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做，ceasetodo长时间，甚至永远停做某事。Revolutionmeansliberatingtheproductiveforces.革命就是解放生产力。Whatdoyoumeantodowithit?你打算怎样处理它？Let’stryknockingatthebackdoor.咱们敲敲后门试试。Itriedhardtorestrainmyself.我极力克制自己。Hecouldn’thelpfeelingembarrassed.他禁不住感到尴尬。Thiscan’thelptoraisefarmfields.这不能促进农业产量的增长。Thegirlsceasedchattingforamomentwhentheirteacherpassedby.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。Thatdepartmenthasceasedtoexistforever.那个系已不复存在。习惯用动名词作宾语的动词admit承认appreciate感激avoid避免complete完成consider认为delay耽误deny否认detest讨厌endure忍受enjoy喜欢escape逃脱fancy想象finish完成imagine想象mind介意miss想念postpone推迟practice训练recall回忆resent讨厌resume继续resist抵抗risk冒险suggest建议face面对include包括stand忍受understand理解forgive宽恕keep继续例如：Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?你把收音机音量调小一点，好吗Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.这松鼠幸运得很，刚逃避了被逮住的厄运。习惯用动名词作宾语的短语或结构。admitto承认prefer…to喜欢beusedto习惯于leadto导致devoteoneselfto致力于objectto反对stickto坚持nogood不好，不行nouse没用befondof喜欢lookforwardto盼望beproudof感到自豪bebusy忙于can'thelp忍不住betiredof厌倦becapableof能够beafraidof担心thinkof想起burstout突然发生keepon继续insiston坚持counton指望，依赖setabout开始，着手putoff延期begoodat擅长于takeup开始，从事giveup放弃besuccessfulin成功于解题指导：Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:Heavoided___usadefiniteanswer.A.togiveB.givingC.togivingD.give答案是B。动词avoid后只能接动名词，而不能接不定式作宾语。类似这样的动词还有：suggest,finish,mind,imagine,enjoymiss,resist,risk,escape,advise,deny,practise,require等。Wedecided___changesinourplan.A.makingB.tomakingC.makeD.tomake答案是D。动词decide后只能接不定式作宾语。类似这样的动词还有：allow,promise,refuse,agree,hope,plan,learn,want,offer,arrange,fail,manage等。Wethinkitpossible___theirproductionplaninafewweeks.A.fortheytofulfilB.fortheirfulfillingC.forthemtofulfilD.forthemfulfil答案是C。此句的意思是“我认为他们几周内完成生产计划是可能的。”句中的“it”显然是形式宾语，真正的宾语则是带逻辑主语的不定式结构，其构成形式是“for+名词或代词宾格+不定式”，所以C是正确的选项。Theystopped___totherecorderandbegantowritetheirhomework.A.listeningB.tolistenC.listenD.listened答案是A。此句的意思是“他们停止听录音机，并开始做作业。”很显然，“听录音机”是“停止”的宾语，而不是目的状语，必须用“stopdoingsth”，而不用“stoptodosth”，所以A是正确的选项。综合练习：I.Findthechoicethatbestcompleteseachofthefollowingsentences:Sherefused___useherdictionary.a.toletmeb.metoc.meusingd.lettingmeDon’tforget___goodbyetoher,willyou?a.tosayb.sayingc.beingsaidd.havingsaidFiftymilesuptheairistoothin___sound.a.carryb.tocarryc.carryingd.tocarryingWehavemuchwork___thisafternoon.a.todob.doingc.dod.todoingHeisusedto___hardwork.a.dob.didc.doingd.doneThepupilwasafraidof___scoldedbytheteacher.a.beingb.bec.beend.tobeCouldyoutellme___themachine?a.howworkingb.howtobeworkedc.howworkd.howtoworkIwouldhavefinishedmycompositionbynowifIhadnotstopped___withhim.a.talkingb.totalkc.talkedd.talkI’msosorrytohavekeptyou___foralongtime.a.waitingb.waitedc.towaitd.waitThepeasantshavebeenbusy___thericeinthepastfewdays.a.getinb.togetinc.gettingind.forgettinginWhenthestormcomesallwindows___.a.oughttocloseb.oughttobeclosingc.oughttobeclosedd.oughttoclosedWeheardnobody___theroom.a.enteredb.toenterc.wouldenterd.enterXiaoWanglikes___harderwork.a.beinggivenb.begivenc.togived.givesHeopenedthewindow___.a.forthefreshairtocomeinb.forthefreshaircomeinc.forthefreshaircomingind.forthefreshairtocominginHerearesomeknivesforthem___.a.tocutb.tocutbyc.tocutfromd.tocutwith___workmeansmovingabodythroughadistancebyaforce.a.Havingdoneb.Donec.Doingd.BeingdoneItisno___arguingaboutit,becausehewillneverchangehismind.a.useb.helpc.timed.while“Whywereyousolateforworktoday?”“___totheofficewasveryslowbecauseofthetraffic.”a.Todriveb.Drivingc.Idroved.ThatIdroveItisnogood___tocomenow.Heisbusy.a.ifyouaskhimb.thatyouaskhimc.toaskhimd.askinghimIsthereanyuse___?a.totrytophonehimb.tryingtophonehimc.triedtophonehimd.totryingtophonehimIwouldappreciate___itasecret.a.youtokeepb.thatyouwouldkeepc.yourkeepingd.thatyouarekeepingHedidn’tseemtomind___TVwhilehewastryingtostudy.a.theirwatchingb.themtowatchc.thattheywatchd.theirwatchIvaguelyremember___somethinglikethat.a.himhavingsaidb.hissayingc.forhimtosayd.thathesaySheapologizedfor___tocome.a.hernotbeingableb.herbeingnotablec.notbeingabled.thatshe’snotabletoIt’snouse___menottoworry.a.youtellb.yourtellingc.foryoutohavetoldd.havingtoldIlove___,butIhate___inacrowdedswimmingpool.a.toswim,swimmingb.swimming,swimmingc.toswim,toswimd.swimming,toswimHewasluckytoescape___toprison.a.beingsentb.sendingc.tobesentd.sentIdon’tlike___bills,butifIhavereceivedsomeIlike___themimmediately.a.pay,payingb.topay,payingc.paying,payd.paying,topayTheproblemrequires___intoimmediately.a.lookingb.beinglookedc.tolookd.lookedImeant__itbutIforgettotellyou.a.yourgettingb.youtogetc.yougettingd.yougetThehouseneeds___,butweplantowaituntilnextsummertodoit.a.topaintb.beingpaintedc.paintedd.tobepaintedJennysaiditwasnotrighttopunishherabout___thistime.a.hertobelateb.hertohavebeenlatec.herbeinglated.shebeinglateOneofthemachinesstopped___andcausedablockageintheassemblyline.a.toworkb.workingc.havingworkedd.workedIused___alotofpocketmoneywhenIwasyoung.a.togetb.thatIgotc.togettingd.tohavegotNoonethoughtthatJohn’ssuggestionwasworth___.a.toconsiderb.consideringc.tobeconsideredd.ofconsiderationWemusthaveanengineer______theworkersbuildthehouse.a.toseeb.seec.seeingd.seenInductionmeans______ingtod.cameSincesheisangry,we______.a.hadbetterleavingheraloneb.shouldleaveheralonec.mightaswellleaveheraloned.hadratherleaveheraloneYoushouldremember______fromthepointwhenyouarewritingacomposition.a.don’twanderb.nottowanderc.nowanderingd.notwanderYoushouldreallyavoid______athomealoneasheisoldandill.a.yourfatherstayb.yourfathertostayc.yourfather’sstayingd.yourfatherwhostaysJohndidn’twanttorisk______wetashehadonlyonesuit.a.gettingb.togetc.beinggotd.tobegottenItwon’tbeanyuse______toborrowanymoremoney.a.youtotryb.ofyourtryingc.tryingyoud.yourtryingThelawrequiresallcars_______forsafetyandefficiency.a.beingtestedregularlyb.toberegularlytestedc.beregularlytestedd.regularlytestedIremember______tothezoobymyfatherwhenIwaslittle.a.beingtakenb.takingc.havebeentakend.tohavetakenIcompletelyforgot______thefrontdoorlastnightandfeelfortunatethatnothingisstolen.a.lockingb.beinglockedc.tolockd.tohavelockedIregret______rmingb.beinginformedc.tobeinformedd.toinformIdidn’tmean______anything,buttheseappleslookedsogoodIcouldn’tresist______one.a.toeat…tryingb.toeat…totryingc.eating…totryd.eating…totryingIknowitisn’timportantbutIcan’thelp______aboutit.a.buttothinkb.thinkingc.thinkd.tothinkUncleDickhasalreadyarrive.Doyouexpect______toseehim?a.

Goingb.goc.togod.thatyougoWhileshewasshopping,shekept______thelisttomakesureshehadn’tforgottenanything.a.checkedb.checkingc.tocheckd.checkYou’dbetter______.a.tohaveyourshoesmendedb.tohavemendedyourshoesc.haveyourshoesmendedd.havingyourshoesmendedThemachinesaremade______atfullspeed.a.workb.workingc.toworkd.tobeworkedItiscertainthatmenwillneverstop______newenergysourcestopowertheirgrowingindustry.a.findingb.tofindc.havingfoundd.foundProfessorSmithissaid______anotherimportantdiscoveryinchemistry.a.havingmadeb.havingbeenmadec.tohavemaded.tomakeThereareplans______anumberofatomicpowerstationsinthisregions.a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.buildingd.beingbuiltAllofusarelookingforwardto______atriptotheMingTombs.a.makeb.makingc.tomakingd.havemadeIwouldlike______thatIdon’thaveaveryhighopinionofyou.a.tohaveyouknowb.haveyouknowc.tohaveyourknownd.havingyouknowThefamousscientistwaseasy_______alongwith.a.togetb.forgettingc.gettingd.gotThematchwascancelledbecausemostofthemembers______amatchwithoutastandardcourt.a.objectedtohavingb.objectedtohavec.wereobjectedtohaved.wereobjectedtohavingIlikewatchingTV______tothecinema.a.morethantogob.morethangoingc.thangoingd.ratherthantogoMrs.Brownissupposed______forItalylastweek.a.tohaveleftb.toleavec.tobeleavingd.tohavebeenleftThere’sonethingIdislikeabouthim:hewillneveradmit______amistake.a.havingmadeb.makingc.beingmaded.havebeenmadeThechairmaninsiststhattherebeameeting_______withintheshortestpossibletime.a.toholdb.tobeheldc.tohavebeenheldd.tobeholdingWhentheymet,Leonardsandhisenemywerefighting______.a.killedeachotherb.tokilleachotherc.killingeachotherd.tobekilledeachotherAtlasttheysucceeded______thejob.a.topersuadehimtotakeb.inpersuadinghimtotakec.topersuadehimtakingd.inpersuadinghimtakingHelistenedtome______whatMr.Smithhadsaidthedaybefore.a.torepeatb.toberepeatedc.torepeatingd.repeatWouldyoube______tohelpmewithmyluggage?a.enoughkindb.kindenoughc.tookindd.kindtooThefatheradvise______thesecond-handcar.a.hissontonotbuyb.hissonnottobuyc.hisson’snobuyingd.thathissonnottobuyIttakesawholeyearfortheearth______sThefactory______nextyearwillbeoneofthelargestinthiscity.a.tobuildb.tobebuiltc.beingbuiltd.havingbeenbuilt“WhereshouldIsendmyapplication?”“ThePersonnelOfficeistheplace______.”a.tosentitb.sentittoc.tosendittod