考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学徐海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中国矿业大学徐海学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Theleadersofthetwocountriesfeelitdesirableto（）fundsfromarmamentstohealthandeducation.

问题1选项

A.derive

B.deprive

C.dispatch

D.divert

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项derive“源自，得自”；B选项deprive“使丧失，剥夺”；C选项dispatch“派遣，发送”；D选项divert“转移，使……转向”。句意：两国领导人认为，将资金从军备（）卫生和教育是可取的。这里表达的意思是“将资金从军备转向卫生和教育”，因此D选项符合题意。

2.单选题

Alotofantsarealwaysinvadingmykitchen.Theyareathorough______.

问题1选项

A.nuisance

B.trouble

C.worry

D.anxiety

【答案】A

【解析】【试题解析】考查名词辨析。A选项nuisance“麻烦事，讨厌的人（或东西）”；B选项trouble“困难”；C选项worry“令人担忧的事”；D选项anxiety“焦虑”。句意：我的厨房里总是有很多蚂蚁。它们就是十足的______。根据语境，这里指的是这些蚂蚁非常让人心烦，A选项nuisance“麻烦事，讨厌的人（或东西）”符合题意。因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Thegrowthofpart-timeandflexibleworkingpatterns,andoftrainingandretrainingschemes,（

）morewomentotakeadvantageofemploymentopportunities.

问题1选项

A.haveallowed

B.allow

C.allowing

D.allows

【答案】D

【解析】句意:兼职及弹性工作方式加上培训与再培训方案推广，使得更多的妇女能够利用就业机会。

语法题。考查主谓一致。主语是不可数名词growth,故谓语用单数形式，故选D。

4.单选题

PricesforcarsintheU.S.canrun______$20,800.

问题1选项

A.ashighas

B.sohighas

C.sohighto

D.sohighthat

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.ashighas高达B.sohighas那么高

C.sohighto如此高D.sohighthat如此高以致于……

【答案】A

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】根据句子意思“美国的汽车价格______20800美元”可知，空格处填入“高达”符合句意，且as…as…为固定搭配，表示“和……一样”。因此，该题选择A项。

【干扰项排除】

B、C项没有这个用法；

D项后面一般要跟句子。

【句意】在美国，汽车的价格可高达20800美元。

5.翻译题

Criticismisavaluablemeansofhelpingourselvesandothersachievepersonalgrowth.However,becauseitisoftendonecarelesslyorcruelly,criticismhasabadreputation.Herearesomeguidelinesforofferingcriticismconstructively.First,waituntilthepersonasksforfeedbackonhisorherperformanceoractions.Unasked-forcriticismisnotusuallyvaluable.Second,describetheperson’sbehaviorasspecificallyaspossiblebeforeyoucriticizeit.Insteadofjustsaying,“Youwereawful,”tellthepersonexactlywhatyouobserved.Andfinally,trytobalanceyourcriticismwithpositivestatements.Lookforsignificantpointsintheotherperson’sperformancethatyoucanhonestlypraise.

【答案】批评是帮助我们促成自身与他人成长的有效手段，然而，因为它的严厉与不经意性，经常遭人诟病。现在就如何给出建设性的批评意见，提供几种方法。首先，要等到当事人主动提出对其行为进行批评指正。不请自来的批评通常是不值钱的。第二，在批评之前，要尽可能地详细客观地描述当事人的行为。而不是仅仅说一句：“你太可怕了”，要让他明白，你所看到的真实情况是怎样的。最后，要让你的批评听起来只是正面的陈述。从另一个人的行为当中找寻你所高度赞赏的闪光点。

6.单选题

“ThissuggeststhepossibilitythatatreatmentlikethiscouldbetestedtoseeifitcoulddelaytheonsetofAlzheimer’sdisease,”saidProf.Holtzman.

问题1选项

A.spread

B.decline

C.start

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项spread“传播；伸展”；B选项decline“下降；衰退”；C选项start“开始；起点”；D选项increase“增加；增长”。句意：霍尔茨曼教授说：“这表明，有可能对这种治疗方法进行测试，看看它能否延缓阿尔茨海默氏症的……。”由关键信息treatment“治疗”和病症Alzheimer’sdisease“老年痴呆症疾病”，其治疗目的是为了delay“延迟”。老年痴呆症是每个人会遇到的问题，无法避免，只能看是否通过治疗延缓其开始的时间。因此C选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Themanagertriedtowaveasidetheseissuesas______detailsthatwouldbesettledlater.

问题1选项

A.versatile

B.trivial

C.preliminary

D.alternate

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.versatile多才多艺的，有多种技能的B.trivial不重要的，琐碎的

C.preliminary预备性的，初步的D.alternate交替的，轮流的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】分析句子结构可知，空格处填入一个形容词修饰details（细节），而后面的that引导的定语从句也是修饰details，根据从句内容“以后再解决这些事”可推测，______details是“不重要的小事”，所以该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】经理试图对这些问题置之不理，认为这些都是鸡毛蒜皮的小事，以后再解决。

8.单选题

Themicroscopecan（

）theobject100timesindiameter.

问题1选项

A.magnify

B.increase

C.develop

D.multiply

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。magnify“放大，扩大”；increase“增加”；develop“发展，开发”；multiply“增加，繁殖”。句意：显微镜可以把一个物体的直径放大一百倍。A项符合题意。

9.单选题

Vaccinesarenormallyconceivedtofightinfectiousdisease,butanew_______willbringcheertothosewhohaveresolvedtokickcertainhabitsinthenewyear.

问题1选项

A.shot

B.bound

C.finitude

D.gunnery

【答案】B

【解析】shot射击;bound界限,范围;finitude界限,限制;gunnery射击,重炮。句意：疫苗通常被认为是用来对抗传染病的,但是一项新的进展将给那些决心在新的一年改掉某些习惯的人带来希望。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Thetorchwas（）byafamousathleteattheopeningofthesportsmeeting.

问题1选项

A.deceived

B.ignited

C.implemented

D.designated

【答案】B

【解析】动词词义辨析。deceive“欺骗,行骗”;ignite“点燃,使燃烧”;implement“实施,执行”;designate“指定,指派”。句意:在运动会开幕式上火炬由一名著名的运动员点燃。选项B符合句意。

11.单选题

China'sfirstsetofregulationsonhumanorgantransplant,whichprohibitsorganizationsandindividualsfromtradinghumanorgansinanyform,（）onMay1st,2007.

问题1选项

A.fellback

B.fellshort

C.wentintoeffect

D.cametothepoint

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词组辨析。A选项fellback表示“后退”；B选项fellshort表示“不符合标准，缺乏”；C选项wentintoeffect表示“生效”；D选项cometothepoint表示“直截了当的说，简明扼要的说”。分析句意可知，中国颁布的首部人体器官移植条例是从2007年5月1日开始（）。由此可知，C选项的词义更符合句意。因此本题正确答案为C选项。

12.单选题

Ofallthecomponentsofagoodnight’ssleep,dreamsseemtobeleastwithinourcontrol.Indreams,awindowopensintoaworldwherelogicissuspendedanddeadpeoplespeak.Acenturyago,Freudformulatedhisrevolutionarytheorythatdreamswerethedisguisedshadowsofourunconsciousdesiresandfears,bythelate1970s,neurologistshadswitchedtothinkingofthemasjust“mentalnoise”therandombyproductsoftheneural-repairworkthatgoesonduringsleep.Nowresearcherssuspectthatdreamsarepartofthemind’semotionalthermostat,regulatingmoodswhilethebrainis“off-line”.Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.“It’syourdream”saysRosalindCartwright,chairofpsychologyatChicago’sMedicalCenter.“Ifyoudon’tlikeit,changeit.”

Evidencefrombrainimagingsupportsthisview.ThebrainisasactiveduringREM(rapideyemovement)sleep-whenmostvividdreamsoccur-asitiswhenfullyawake,saysDr,EricNofzingerattheUniversityofPittsburgh.Butnotallpartsofthebrainareequallyinvolved,thelimbicsystem(the“emotionalbrain)isespeciallyactive,whiletheprefrontalcortex(thecenterofintellectandreasoning)isrelativelyquiet.“Wewakeupfromdreamshappyordepressed,andthosefeelingscanstaywithusallday”saysStanfordsleepresearcherDr.WilliamDement.

ThelinkbetweendreamsandemotionsshowsupamongthepatientsinCartwright’sclinic.Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday.Becauseourconsciousmindisoccupiedwithdailylifewedon’talwaysthinkabouttheemotionalsignificanceoftheday’sevents-untilitappears,webegintodream.

Andthisprocessneednotbelefttotheunconscious.Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse.Withmuchpracticepeoplecanlearnto,literally,doitintheirsleep.

Attheendoftheday,there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatallunlesstheykeepusfromsleepingor“wewakeupinapanic,”CartwrightsaysTerrorism,economicuncertaintiesandgeneralfeelingofinsecurityhaveincreasedpeople’sanxiety.Thosesufferingfrompersistentnightmaresshouldseekhelpfromatherapist.Fortherestofus,thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings.Sleep-orratherdream-onitandyou’llfeelbetterinthemorning.

1.Researchershavecometobelievethatdreams（

）.

2.Byreferringtothelimbicsystem,theauthorintendstoshow

（

）.

3.Thenegativefeelingsgeneratedduringthedaytendto

（

）.

4.Cartwrightseemstosuggestthat

（

）.

5.WhatadvicemightCartwrightgivetothosewhosometimeshavebaddreams?

问题1选项

A.canbemodifiedintheircourses

B.aresusceptibletoemotionalchanges

C.reflectourinnermostdesiresandfears

D.arearandomoutcomeofneuralrepairs

问题2选项

A.itsfunctioninourdreams

B.themechanismofREMsleep

C.therelationofdreamstoemotions

D.itsdiffidencefromtheprefrontalcortex

问题3选项

A.aggravateinourunconsciousmind

B.developintohappydreams

C.persisttillthetimewefallasleep

D.showupindreamsearlyatnight

问题4选项

A.wakingupintimeisessentialtotheriddingofbaddreams

B.visualizingbaddreamshelpsbringthemundercontrol

C.dreamsshouldbelefttotheirnaturalprogress

D.dreamingmaynotentirelybelongtotheunconscious

问题5选项

A.Leadyourlifeasusual.

B.Seekprofessionalhelp.

C.Exerciseconsciouscontrol.

D.Avoidanxietyinthedaytime.

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。文章第一段第四句话提到“一位权威专家认为梦这种极度强烈的精神活动不仅能被控制，而且是有意识地控制，帮助我们入睡并且感觉更好”Andoneleadingauthoritysaysthattheseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter，因此选项A“可以被更改”符合题意。

2.判断推理题。题目问的是“通过提到大脑边缘系统，作者想要说明什么问题”。文章第二段提到limbicsystem(大脑边缘系统)是情绪大脑（emotionalbrain），因此可以推断出作者在此处是想说明情绪与做梦之间的关系，选项C符合题意。

3.细节事实题。文章第三段第二句话提到“在上半夜往往会做不好的梦，然后再睡醒前梦开始变好。这种情况暗示人们在梦里解决白天产生的负面情绪”（Mostpeopleseemtohavemorebaddreamsearlyinthenight,progressingtowardhappieronesbeforeawaking,suggestingthattheyareworkingthroughnegativefeelingsgeneratedduringtheday），由此可知不好的感觉出现在入睡的较早阶段。选项D符合题意。

4.细节事实题。文章第四段提到“做梦的过程不一定是无意识的。Cartwright认为我们可以练习有意识地控制不断出现的噩梦。醒来后确定在梦中令你苦恼的事情，设想一下你想要的结局，等下次它再次出现，尝试在正好能控制它的过程的时候醒过来”（Cartwrightbelievesonecanexerciseconsciouscontroloverrecurringbaddreams.Assoonasyouawaken,identifywhatisupsettingaboutthedream.Visualizehowyouwouldlikeittoendinstead,thenexttimeitoccurs,trytowakeupjustenoughtocontrolitscourse），既然我们能够控制做梦的进程，说明梦境不一定是无意识的，而有可能是做梦的人有意识而为之。因此选项D符合题意。

5.细节事实题。文章最后一段第一句提到我们可能根本没有关注我们的梦（there’sprobablylittlereasontopayattentiontoourdreamsatall）；最后三句提到只有那些长期受噩梦折磨的人需要去咨询理疗师的建议，其他人的大脑可以自动消除不良情绪（thebrainhasitswaysofworkingthroughbadfeelings），也就是说按照往常那样来生活就可，选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Itistimethattheworldcalleda（）tothemanufactureofnuclearweapons.

问题1选项

A.interruption

B.pause

C.cease

D.halt

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A:interruption“中断；打断”；B:pause“暂停”；C:cease“终止”；D:halt“停止；阻止（停止某项事情的进展）”。句意：现在是世界呼吁停止核武器的制造的时刻。根据语境可知D为正确答案。

14.单选题

Conductingscientificresearchonthismostchallengingofgroupscanbecomparedtoviewingawhalethroughakeyhole.Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.Someday—perhapsinthenexthundredyearswemayhaveapicture-window-sizedkeyholeandwillfinallyseewhatthewholewhalelookslike.Buteventhentheenigmaofthewhalewillstand,undecided,beforeus.

Ihavebeenstudyingwhalescontinuouslysince1967.Oneofthedelightsofthatexperiencehasbeendiscoveringthatthereisnowaytogetawhaletoadoptahumantimescale.Thisisnomorepossiblethanitwouldbeforahumantoadoptaweasel'sspeedofliving.Whalesareunhurriable.It’soneoftheirmostendearingtrails.Nowhereisthismoreengaginglyseenthanintryingtofigureoutwhatawhaleisdoingwhenwhatyouarewatchingis,forexample,play,butyouhavenotyetfiguredthatout.Thedifficultycomesfromthefactthatoneofthemajorcluestothefunctionofabehaviorpatternistherhythmofitsoccurrence.Becausewecommonlyassociateplaywithquickmotions,thekeytobeingabletorecognizeplayinwhalesislearningtothinkdifferently—intermsoflong,slowrhythms,wherethingsoccurverylingeringly(itwouldbeacomparableproblemtolearntorecognizeplayinsnails,orsloths,ortortoises).Tounderstandwhalesonemustbedeeplypatient,mustslowwaydownandbecontenttoobservepassivelyforalongtime.Onlyattheendofadaymayonesaytooneself,“Nowletmesee;whatdidIsee?Well,Isawthewhaledothis,andthenitdidthis…andthenthisandthenForheaven’ssake,itwasplayIwaslookingat.”Inordertoobservewhales,youmustbewillingtosetyourmetronomeonadagio.Then,tounderstandwhatyouhaveseen,youmustfast-forwardthroughyourobservationsbysettingyourmetronometoallegro.

Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist.Iworkedinneurophysiologyandbehavioranddidexperimentsonhowbatsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichsoundiscoming,howowlslocatetheirpreyintotaldarknessbyhearingit,andhowmothsdeterminethedirectionfromwhichabatisapproaching(sotheycanmakeevasivemaneuverstoavoidit).WhenIstartedstudyingwhales—agroupofspeciesuponwhichitisallbutimpossibletoexperiment—IworriedwhetherIwouldfindtheworkstimulatingenoughorwhetheritwouldseenboringsimplyobserving,withouteverbeingabletomanipulateanythingordoanexperiment.Ihadenjoyedexperimentalwork—atthattimeofmylifeIlikedmanipulatingthings—yetIhadverylittleideaofhowtomakegood,passivefieldobservations.ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

2.InPara.1,thephrase"sparksandsmoke"primarilyservestosuggest（

）.

3.InPara.2,theauthortreatsplayas（

）.

4.Thereferenceto“Thesonnetform"(line57)primarilyservesto（

）.

5.ThelastparagraphdescribesallofthefollowingEXCEPT.

问题1选项

A.revealhowabiologistbecameinterestedinwhaleresearch

B.describeonescientist’sexperienceofworkingwithwhales

C.discussthewaysinwhichwhalesaresimilartoothermammals

D.highlightthedangersinvolvedwhenconductingwhaleresearch

问题2选项

A.thatadirectapproachisfutile

B.thatsciencecanseemmagical

C.howdangeroustheworkcanbe

D.howvigoroustheeffortshavebeen

问题3选项

A.atypeofbehaviorthatincertainspeciesmaynotinitiallybeseenforwhatitis

B.acharacteristicallyhumanbehaviorthatissurprisingtofindinanimalslikewhales

C.apparentlypurposelessbehaviorthatmayneverthelessserveanimportantfunction

D.behaviorfoundinmanyspeciesbutinformsthatdefycomparisonbetweenspecies

问题4选项

A.emphasizetheneedtodiscardoutmodedconstraints

B.illustratehowconcisenesscanenhancecommunication

C.conveyasenseofappreciationforanapparentlimitation

D.showtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofatypeofscientificobservation

问题5选项

A.theresearchtheauthordidbeforeturningtothestudyofwhales

B.theauthor’smotivationforchoosingwhalesasasubjectforresearch

C.thechangeinmethodologythatworkingwithwhalesrequiredoftheauthor

D.theauthor’sconcernabouthavingtheabilitytoconductadifferenttypeofresearch

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】

1.本题询问这篇文章的写作目的。A项意为“为了揭示一个生物学家是如何对鲸鱼研究感兴趣的”；B项意为“描述了一个科学家与鲸鱼一起工作的经历”；C项意为“讨论了在哪些方面鲸鱼和其他哺乳类动物相似”；D项意为“为了突出进行鲸鱼研究工作中存在的危险”。根据文章的内容可知，本文主要是一个记叙文，作者描述了自从1967年以来就一直在研究鲸鱼。那段经历的一个愉快之处就是发现我们永远也没有可能让鲸鱼去使用人类的时间观。B选项更符合题意。

2.“sparksandsmoke”本意为“火花和烟雾”。A项意为“一个直接的方法是徒劳的”；B项意为“科学看起来似乎很神奇”；C项意为“这项工作有多么危险”；D项意为“有多么的努力”。根据划线句所在的这一句话‘Thehulkoftheanimalglidespastfromtimetotimewhilewetrydesperatelytofigureoutwhatonearthitis.Inspiteoflotsofsparksandsmoke,wehavesofaraccomplishedlittlemorethanasmallenlargementofthiskeyhole.当我们拼命地想弄清楚这到底是什么东西的时候，这种动物的庞大身躯不时地从我们身边滑过。尽管有许多火花和烟雾，我们到目前为止只完成了这个钥匙孔的一个小的扩大。’确定作者要表达的意思是尽管付出了种种努力，到目前为止我们也不过就相当于把那个钥匙孔扩大了一点点。所以划线词是与“努力”有关的，D选项符合题意。

3.A项意为“特定物种的行为方式最初无法被看到是什么的行为”；B项意为“一个典型的能在鲸鱼等动物中发现的令人惊讶的人类行为”；C项意为“显然无益的行为却可能发挥着重要的作用”;D项意为“在许多物种中发现但是以违背物种之间进行的对比的一种形式存在的行为”。根据第二段内容可知，一个行为模式的作用最大的线索之一是它出现的节奏。因为我们通常会把玩耍和快速的行动联系在一起，能够意识到鲸鱼在玩耍的关键就在于要有不同的思维，它们玩耍要有更长，更缓慢的节奏，动作更加地绵延迟缓。故所以A选项“特定物种的行为方式最初无法被看到是什么的行为”符合题意。

4.根据文章最后三句话‘ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations.Isoonrealizedthattheconstraintsposedbypassiveobservationcanbemorechallengingthanthoseposedbyexperimentalwork.Itisratherliketheconstraintsofthesonnetform,whichmakecomposingpoetryexquisitelychallenging.Passiveobservationrequiresasubtlerwayofthinking,andtheresultcanbesonnetsratherthanballads.但我很快就意识到，通过被动的观察来发现事物能带来更大的回报。我很快意识到，被动观察所带来的约束比实验工作所带来的约束更具挑战性。它更像是十四行诗形式的限制，使得写诗变得精致而富有挑战性。被动观察需要一种更微妙的思维方式，其结果可能是十四行诗，而不是民谣。’根据句意可知这里强调的是“passive”观察，也就是受限制的观察，C选项“传达了对一个明显的限制的赞赏”更符合题意。

5.根据最后一段开头‘Duringthefirsttenyearsofmycareerinbiology,Iwasanexperimentalist…在我生物学生涯的头十年里，我是一个实验主义者。’确定A选项‘“作者在开始从事鲸鱼研究之前的调查”’有涉及；由这一段后文内容ButIsoonappreciatedthegreaterrewardsoffindingthingsoutthroughpassiveobservations...可知作者提到了在做鲸鱼的研究工作时需要翻遍方法以及自己对不同的充满挑战的研究方法的关注，确定C选项“和鲸鱼工作时所需要的方法的变化”和D选项“作者关心的是是否有能力进行不同类型的研究”两项有涉及；但B选项“作者选择鲸鱼作为研究的主题的动机”作者并没有提到，所以B选项符合题意。

15.单选题

Youhavemadethemistakeofthinkingthathisbehavioris（

）;actually,veryfewofhisgroupbehavethatwayhedoes.

问题1选项

A.generic

B.viable

C.idiosyncratic

D.soporific

【答案】A

【解析】考察形容词词义辨析。generic“一般的”；viable“可行的，能养活的”；idiosyncratic“特殊的，特质的”；soporific“催眠的”。句意：你认为他的行为很普通，实际上，他们小组其他成员都不会像他那样做。选项A符合题意。

16.单选题

Thetremorinhisvoice（

）hisnervousness.

问题1选项

A.affirmed

B.disguised

C.represented

D.revealed

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。A选项affirm“肯定，断言”；B选项disguise“伪装，掩饰”；C选项represent“代表”；D选项reveal“揭露，显示”。句意：他颤抖的声音显露出他的紧张。选项D符合句意。

17.单选题

Lightislessvitaltoanimalsthanitistoplants;（）mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit.

问题1选项

A.forinstance

B.indeed

C.thatis

D.therefore

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词和词组辨析。A选项forinstance“例如”；B选项indeed“的确；事实上；甚至”；C选项thatis“即；就是说；换言之”；D选项therefore“因此；所以”。句意：光对动物的重要性不如对植物；事实上，大多数动物倾向于回避光明，而不是欢迎它。空格后的内容“mostanimalstendtoshunthelightratherthantowelcomeit大多数动物倾向于避开光明而不是欢迎它”是对空格前句子的进一步说明，因此“事实上”符合语境，因此B选项正确。

18.单选题

Wearemeanttolivedangerouslyandshouldnotbesheltered.Lifeisaperilousadventure;itsrichnessisinits（

）.

问题1选项

A.hazards

B.security

C.peace

D.length

【答案】A

【解析】句意:人生来就是要去冒险的,而不应该生活在庇护之下;生命就是一场危机四伏的冒险,它的丰富多彩就在于它的危险。选项A符合句意。

19.单选题

Therelationshipbetweentechnologyanddevelopmentiscomplicate.Attimesthenegativefeaturesoftechnologyseemto______thepositiveones.

问题1选项

A.withdraw

B.discharge

C.maximize

D.outweigh

【答案】D

【解析】动词辨析题。withdraw"取回;（使）撤退";discharge"解雇,卸下";maximize"使最大化";outweigh"胜过,超过"。句意：技术与发展之间的关系很复杂。有时，技术的负面特征似乎超过正面特征。选项D符合句意。

20.单选题

Ifyourepeatedlyfindyourself_______oragreeingtorequestsyouarereluctanttofulfillandfeelingunhappyabout,youmightwanttolookatsomereasonswhyyousayyeswhenyouprefertosayno.

问题1选项

A.abstaining

B.acquiescing

C.accommodating

D.articulating

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“abstaining”意为“（投票时）弃权；回避；自制”；B选项“acquiescing”意为“默许；勉强同意”；C选项“accommodating”意为“容纳；使适应；供应；调解”；D选项“articulating”意为“清晰地发（音）；明确有力地表达；用关节连接；使相互连贯”。句意：如果你不断地发现自己默许或同意那些你不愿去满足或感到不开心的要求，你可能想看看为什么你在更想说不的时候却说“是”的原因。由题干可知，or是并列连词表选择，说明横线处与agreeing（同意）意思相近，acquiescing有默许，勉强同意的意思。因此B选项符合题意。

21.单选题

26-30

问题1选项

A.About90.000

B.About100.000

C.Severalhundreds

D.About5.000

问题2选项

A.WarningfromGoddardSpaceFlightCenter.

B.WarningfromtheKenyaHealthMinistry.

C.Experiencesgainedfromthe1997outbreak.

D.ProperandpromptaidfromNASA(美国国家航空航天局).

问题3选项

A.Distributingmosquitonets.

B.Persuadingpeoplenottoslaughteranimals.

C.Urgingpeoplenottoeatanimals.

D.Dispatchingdoctorstotheepidemic-strickenarea.

问题4选项

A.ThehighersurfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOcean.

B.Theshort-livedmosquitothatwerethehostsoftheviruses.

C.ThewarmanddryweatherintheHornofAfrica.

D.Theheavybuttheintermittentrains.

问题5选项

A.WarningfromNASA.

B.HowtotreatRiftValleyFever(裂谷热).

C.ThedisastrouseffectsofRiftValleyFever.

D.Satellitesandglobalhealth-remotediagnosis.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】InDecember1997largenumbersofcattle,goatsandsheepbegandyingintheGarissadistrictofnorth-easternKenya.Amonthlaterpeoplestarteddying,too.Itwas,atthetime,thebiggestrecordedoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverinEastAfrica.(26)Some100,000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.

InDecember2007thesamethinghappened.Or,ratheritstartedtohappenbutwasstoppedinitstracks.(27)Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.InSeptemberresearchersattheGoddardSpaceFlightCentre,Greenbelt,Maryland,partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.Bythetimetheepidemicemerged(28)theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.Throughtheoutbreakstillkilled300peopleinKenya,SomaliaandTanzania,itcouldhavebeenalotworse.AccordingtoKennethLinthicumofAmerica’sDepartmentofAgriculture,thenumberofdeathswouldprobablyhavebeenmorethantwiceashighwithoutthewarning.

(30)ThewarningitselfwaspossiblebecauseofamodelofhowdiseasespreadsthatDr.Linthicumhelpeddesign.Andthedatathatwerepluggedintothatmodelcamefromsatellites.

WhattheresearchersatGoddardhadnoticedatthetimeofthefirstoutbreakwasthatinthemonthsprecedingit,surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.(29)Thesehighertemperaturesbroughtheavyandsustainedrains,cloudcoverandwarmerairtomuchoftheHornofAfrica.Mosquitoesmultipliedwildly,andlivedlongenoughforthevirusthatcausesthefevertodeveloptothepointwhereitiseasilytransmissible.InSeptember2007theresearcherssawthesamethinghappeningintheocean,andsuspectedthesameconsequenceswouldfollow.

26.HowmanystockanimalsdiedattheresultofoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin1997?

【解析】根据录音中的“Some10.000stockanimalssuccumbedandabout90,000peoplewereinfected,hundredsfatallyinfivecountries.”可知，本题答案为B。

27.WhathelpedstoptheoutbreakofRiftValleyfeverin2007?

【解析】从录音中“Thedifferencewasthatthesecondtimearoundtherewaswarning.…partofAmerica’sspaceagency,NASA,toldtheauthoritiesinKenyathattheyhadaproblem.TheytoldthemagaininOctober.AndagaininNovember.”可知，第二次的区别在于有来自NASA及时而准确的警告。故本题答案为D。

28.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentionedasthemajortopreventin2007outbreakspreading?

【解析】从录音中“..theKenyanhealthministryhaddispatchedteamstotheareatodistributemosquitonetsandurgevillageleadersandreligiousauthoritiestostoppeopleslaughteringandeatinganimals.”可知，只有D选项不是制止瘟疫肆虐的举措。

29.WhattriggerthetwooutbreaksoftheRiftValleyfeverinAfrica?

【解析】从录音中“surfacetemperaturesintheequatorialpartoftheIndianOceanhadrisenbyhalfadegree.”可知，A是正确答案，B选项应该改成long-livedmosquitoes,C项应为“cloudcoverandwarmerairintheHornofAfrica”，D项应为“heavyandsustainedrains”。

30.Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?

【解析】该录音主要内容是从NASA给予肯尼亚及时迅捷的警示，使其在2007年瘟疫爆发的时候避免了10年前的厄运。因此A选项是正确答案（来自NASA的警告）。

22.翻译题

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.

1.今天，被近千年的传统所束缚并且缺少充足政府资助的牛津大学，难以轻松应对加快了的全球教育变革步伐。不管对错与否，其他学校都重点建设商务类的课程时，牛津尤其慢慢吞吞，或者很不情愿如此，这样在资源竞争中就落在剑桥这样的大学之后，而这些资源倾向于流向看重商务的学校。

2.自2008年以来，快递数量增长的一半都来自于“海淘”买家。因此，尽管近年来贸易总体增长缓慢，但跨境电子商务的兴起让快递公司仍然生意兴隆，国际快递三大巨头最新季度收入创下新高。不过快递业面临着一个新的挑战：由于特朗普的保护主义倾向和英国脱欧(Brexit)，贸易壁垒将重新回归。

【答案】1.Today,OxfordUniversitythathasbeenlimitedbyatraditionofaboutonethousandyearsandlackedsufficientgovernmentalfunding,isdifficulttocopewiththequickenedpaceofglobaleducationrevolution.Whetherrightlyorwrongly,whileotheruniversitiesarepayingattentiontobuildingbusinesscourses,OxfordUniversityisparticularlyslowtofollow.Consequently,ithasfallenbehinduniversitieslikeCambridgeUniversityinresourcecompetitionwhichtendtoflowtouniversitiesthatfocusesonbusinesscourses.

2.Since2008,halfofthegrowthinthevolumeofexpressdeliveryhasderivedfrombuyerswhomaketheirpurchasesin“cross-borderonlineshopping.”Therefore,althoughoveralltradegrowthhasbeenslowinrecentyears,theriseofcross-bordere-commercehasstillallowedexpresscompaniestodrivearoaringtrade.Thethreebiggestinternationalexpresscompanieshavereachedanewhighintheirlatestquarterlyrevenue.Buttheexpressindustryisfacedwithanewchallenge:tradebarrierswillreturnduetoTrump'sprotectionisttendenciesandBrexit.

23.单选题

Aheadlinethatisgraphicallysalientinsomewayhasagreaterchanceofcapturingoureye.

问题1选项

A.attractive

B.bright

C.special

D.entertaining

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。salient在句中是“突出的，显著的”，A选项attractive“具有吸引力的”；B选项bright“鲜明的，愉快的”；C选项special“特别的，突出的”；D选项entertaining“令人愉快的”。句意：一个标题，在一定程度上突出形象，便更加能吸引我们的眼球。根据句意C项正确。

24.单选题

JusthowmuchdoestheConstitutionprotectyourdigitaldata?TheSupremeCourtwillnowconsiderwhetherpolicecansearchthecontentsofamobilephonewithoutawarrantifthephoneisonoraroundapersonduringanarrest.

Californiahasaskedthejusticestorefrainfromasweepingruling,particularlyonethatupsetstheoldassumptionsthatauthoritiesmaysearchthroughthepossessionsofsuspectsatthetimeoftheirarrest.Itishard,thestateargues,forjudgestoassesstheimplicationsofnewandrapidlychangingtechnologies.

ThecourtwouldberecklesslymodestifitfollowedCalifornia’sadvice.Enoughoftheimplicationsarediscernable,evenobvious,sothatthejusticecanandshouldprovideupdated

guidelinestopolice,lawyersanddefendants.

TheyshouldstartbydiscardingCalifornia’slameargumentthatexploringthecontentsofasmartphone—avaststorehouseofdigitalinformation—issimilarto,say,goingthroughasuspect’spurse.Thecourthasruledthatpolicedon'tviolatetheFourthAmendmentwhentheygothroughthewalletorpocketbook,ofanarresteewithoutawarrant.Butexploringone’ssmartphoneismorelikeenteringhisorherhome.Asmartphonemaycontainanarrestee’sreadinghistory,financialhistory,medicalhistory,andcomprehensiverecordsofrecentcorrespondence.Thedevelopmentof“cloudcomputing,”meanwhile,hasmadethatexplorationsomuchtheeasier.

ButthejusticesshouldnotswallowCalifornia’sargumentwhole.New,disruptivetechnologyso