考研考博-英语-上海海事职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-上海海事职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Themedicinewassupposedtocureallkindsof（）,rangingfromcoldstobackpains.

问题1选项

A.compliments

B.ailments

C.implements

D.commitments

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。compliment恭维，称赞；ailment疾病，多指小病；implement工具，器具；commitment承诺，保证。句意：据说这种药可以治疗各种各样的疾病，从感冒到背痛都可以。选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Themanager,（

）alettertohissecretary.

问题1选项

A.pledged

B.conveyed

C.surveyed

D.dictated

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。pledge意为“保证，誓言”；convey意为“传达，传递”；survey意为“调查”；dictate意为“口述”。

句意：经理向秘书口授一封信。

3.翻译题

Industrialengineeringinvolvestheapplicationofengineeringprinciplesandtechniquesofscientificmanagementtothemaintenanceofahighlevelofproductivityatoptimumcostinindustrialenterprises,Inthe1880sF.W.Taylorconsideredthefatherofmodernindustrialengineering,pioneeredinthescientificmeasurementofwork.Afternumerousworkstudieshepresentedhiscompanywithaformulaforobtainingmaximumproduction,whichwaslaterappliedtomanymanufacturingconcerns,Theindustrialormanagement,engineerdrawsuponthefieldsofsystemsengineeringandmanagementscience.Amonghisresponsibilitiesaretheselectionoftoolsandmaterialsforproductionthataremostefficientandleastcostlytothecompany.Theindustrialengineermayalsodeterminethesequenceofproductionandthedesignoffacilitiesorfactories.

【答案】工业工程学既涉及工程原则的使用，也涉及将科学管理知识以合理成本，运用于工业企业维持高水平的劳动生产率。19世纪80年代F.W.Taylor被视为现代工业工程之父，开创了科学生产管理的先河。经过大量的工作研究，他向他的公司提出了一个获得最大产量的公式，该公式后来被应用于许多制造企业，工业或管理，工程师借鉴了系统工程和管理科学领域。他的职责之一是选择对公司最有效、成本最低的生产工具和材料。工业工程师也可以决定生产顺序和设施或工厂的设计。

4.单选题

Thenovelcontainssomemarvelouslyrevealing（）ofrurallifeinthe19thcentury.

问题1选项

A.glances

B.glimpses

C.glares

D.gleams

【答案】B

【解析】名词词义辨析。glance扫视，强调动作的快速性；glimpse一瞥，粗略地一看，强调快速但不完整的“一瞥”；glare怒视，强调目不转睛地“注视”；gleam闪光，瞬息的一现，还可指情感流露。根据句意可知，选项B更符合语境。

5.单选题

AskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey'llsay,"Success."ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericanssinceEuropeansdiscovereda"newworld"intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:in"LettersfromanAmericanFanner"(1782)hewrote:"Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimselfWehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活)，starve,andbleed:Wearethemostperfectsocietynowexistingintheworld."Thepromiseofalandwhere"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.

OurnationalmythologyisfullofillustrationoftheAmericansuccessstory.There'sBenjaminFranklin,theverymodeloftheself-educated,self-mademan,whorosefrommodestoriginstobecomeawell-knownscientist,philosopher,andstatesman.Inthenineteenthcentury,HoratioAlger,awriteroffictionforyoungboys,becameAmerican'sbest-sellingauthorwithrags-to-richestales.Thenotionofsuccesshauntsus:wespendmillionseveryyearreadingabouttherichandfamous,learninghowto“makeafortuneinrealestatewithnomoneydown,",and"dressingforsuccess."Themythofsuccesshaseveninvadedourpersonalrelationships:todayit'sasimportanttobe"successful"inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.

Butdreamseasilyturnintonightmares.EveryAmericanwhohopesto"makeit"alsoknowsthefearoffailure,becausethemythofsuccessinevitablyimpliescomparisonbetweenthehavesandthehave-nots,thestarsandtheanonymouscrowd.Underpressureofthemyth,webecomeindulgedinstatussymbols:wetrytoliveinthe"right"neighborhoods,wearthe"right"clothes,eatthe"right"foods.Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens.

1.WhatistheessenceoftheAmericanDreamaccordingtoCrevecoeur?

2.Bysaying"therewardsofaman'sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor"(Line10-11,Para.1),theauthormeans（

）.

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelastsentenceofthesecondparagraphthat（

）.

4.WhatistheparadoxofAmericancultureaccordingtotheauthor?

问题1选项

A.Peoplearefreetodeveloptheirpowerofimagination.

B.Peoplewhoarehonestandworkhardcansucceed.

C.Peoplearefreefromexploitationandoppression.

D.Peoplecanfullyenjoyindividualfreedom.

问题2选项

A.themorediligentoneis,thebiggerhisreturns

B.laboriousworkensuresthegrowthofanindustry

C.aman'sbusinessshouldbedevelopedstepbystep

D.acompany'ssuccessdependsonitsemployees'hardwork

问题3选项

A.businesssuccessoftencontributestoasuccessfulmarriage

B.Americanswishtosucceedineveryaspectoflife

C.goodpersonalrelationshipsleadtobusinesssuccess

D.successfulbusinesspeopleprovidegoodcarefortheirchildren

问题4选项

A.TheAmericanroadtosuccessisfullofnightmares.

B.Statussymbolsarenotarealindicatorofaperson'swealth.

C.TheAmericanDreamisnothingbutanemptydream.

D.WhatAmericansstriveafteroftencontradictstheirbeliefs.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。根据题干定位到文章第一段中的EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.像HectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeur这样的早期移民高度赞扬了在这片新土地上发现的自由和机会。以及Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(无拘无束的)andunrestrained…我们对于这种行业的无拘无束的和不受限制的精神感到兴奋。可知美国梦的核心精神就是自由。答案D

第2题:推理判断题。根据“becauseeachpersonworksforhimself因为每个人都为自己工作。”以及Thepromiseofalandwhere“therewardsofaman’sindustryfollowwithequalstepstheprogressofhislabor”drewpoorimmigrantsfromEuropeandfuelednationalexpansionintothewesternterritories.在这片土地上，“一个人辛勤劳动的回报与他劳动的增长成正比”的承诺吸引了来自欧洲的贫困移民，并推动了国家向西部地区的扩张。”可知每个人都为自己打工，越勤劳，赚得就越多。故答案A

第3题:推理判断题。定位到第二段最后一句todayit’sasimportanttobe“successful”inmarriageorparenthoodsasitistocomeoutontopinbusiness.今天，在婚姻或家庭中取得成功和在事业上取得成功一样重要。可知美国人认为在婚姻或亲子关系上的成功与商业成功同样重要。故B项“美国人希望在生活的每个方面都取得成功”正确。

第4题:推理判断题。由第三段最后一句“Thesesymbolsofdistinctionassureusandothersthatwebelievestronglyinthefundamentalequalityofall,yetstriveashardaswecantoseparateourselvesfromourfellowcitizens这些区别的象征向我们和其他人保证，我们坚信所有人的基本平等，但我们仍尽最大努力将自己与我们的同胞区分开来。”可知美国梦的矛盾之处在于美国相信人人平等，但又在尽力将自己与别人区分开来。故D项正确。

6.单选题

Isthishappeninginyourneighborhood?Children,notebookcomputersstuckundertheirarms,awaittheyellowbusforthetriptomiddleschool.Onthesurface,thequestionofcomputersinschoolsisano-brainer.Itwouldbestrangetoinsistthattoday’stechnologyshouldn’tbeusedtomaketheclassroomexperiencemoreindividualized,moreeffective,moreimmediate,moreexciting.Computershavebeeninschoolsmorethan20years—andprobablyevendonesomegood.

ButtheideaofapersonalcomputerasanecessarydailytoolforeveryAmericangrammarschoolpupilisaltogetherdifferentthing.Bewarethesuperficiallyattractivevisionof10-year-oldsdoingmostoftheirwork—andhomework—onacomputer.Itisanotherillusorysilverbulletthatpromisestosolveallofsociety’sillsthroughtechnology.Regardlessofwhetherparentsortaxpayersbuythemachinery,it’sbadpolicy.

Determiningtheproperroleofcomputersinschoolsistooimportanttobelefttocomputersuppliersandeducators.Aneducatedpublicwithclearandrealisticexpectationsneedstohelpdeterminetherighttrackfortechnology.

EducatorsforeverseemtoseektheultimateincurricularorteachingtoolsTheyarealwayspreoccupiedwithinnovation—juniorhighschool,newmath,wholelanguage,openclassrooms,andmasterylearning,tonameafew.Someideasturnedoutwellandovertimehaveearnedpermanentpositionsinoureducationsystems.Otherreflectedchangeforchanges’sakeandwoundupinthetrashbin,wheretheybelong.

Exactlywhatistobesolvedwithcomputersinschools?Arewelookingtoimproveinstructionalcapacityandflexibility?Arewetryingtomaketeachersandaidsmoreproductivebylettingstudentstakeadvantageofprogrammedlearningtools?Thisallsoundsgood,andmuchhasbeenaccomplishedwithcomputer-assistedinstruction.

Butthat’snotthesameasmakingthecomputerasymbolofwell-temperededucationalpolicy.There’sdangerinthemessagethatachildisnotfullyeducatedifheorshecan’tsurftheWorldWideWedskillfully,movearoundinWindowsortheFounder,useawordprocessingprogram,orprograminLogoorBasic.

Theseskillscanbelearnedoutsidetheclassroom.Worse,thetimeittakesstudentstoacquirethemistimestolenfromthelegitimateteachingschedule—andthat’sabadtrade.

Andwhatkindofcomputersshouldbepurchased?We’renottalkingbrandnames.Mostschoolsystemsdon’thavethemoneytoreplacePCsorMacsonthetwo-to-three-yearcyclethatshiftingtechnologiesdemand.Ontheotherhand,$2500—thecostofjustonecomputer—investedinbooksfortheschoollibraryproducesanassetthathas,shallwesay,alongershelflife.

Andwhochangesthefactorycultureofschoolroomstoallowcomputerstobemoreeffective?Andwhoteachestheteachers?Thesearethereallytoughissues—theonesthatmorehardwarewon’tsolve.

Childrenarebestservedwhenschoolscontributetoshapingthesolidfoundationsonwhichtheirfuturewillbebuilt.Thestudentwhocanreadwithcuriosityandunderstanding,whohasmasteredbasicmathematicalconcepts,whocanevaluateideascritically,istheoneschoolsshouldaimtoproduce.

1.A“no-brainer”inthethirdsentenceofthefirstparagraphprobablymeans（）.

2.Whocandeterminetheproperroleofcomputersinschools?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,teachingcomputerintheschoolclassroomisbadpracticebecause（）.

4.Inthelastparagraphtheauthorimpliesthat（）.

5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthepresentwayofteachingcomputersinschoolsis（）.

问题1选项

A.somethingthatistakenforgranted

B.anideathatisbrainlessandfoolish

C.aproposalthatisnotworthyofseriousconsideration

D.amachinethatcannevertaketheplaceofhumanbrain

问题2选项

A.Computersuppliers

B.Computeeducate

C.Theeducatedpublic

D.Alloftheabove

问题3选项

A.thecomputeristooexpensivealuxuryforschoolpupils

B.thepupilsarenotintelligentlymatureenoughtomastertheskills

C.ittakestoomuchtimewhichmighthavebeenspentonregularcourses

D.thepupilscanlearnnothingfromcomputer-assistedinstruction

问题4选项

A.computerskillscontributenotingtoapropereducation

B.computerteachingisanindispensablepartofaneducation

C.thefundamentalpurposeofaneducationisbeingignored

D.teachersshouldbetaughthowtoteachcomputerskills

问题5选项

A.critical

B.objective

C.positive

D.optimistic

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据关键词“no-brainer”定位到第一段，结合上下文的意思，孩子们每天带着电脑去上学，在学校允许使用计算机已经有20年了。说明计算机的使用在学校里被认为是理所当然的。选项A正确。

2.根据第三段的内容可知，决定计算机在学校中应该起什么作用是一件重要的事，不能仅交由计算机供应商和教育工作者来定，公众也应该有发言权。选项D正确。

3.根据第七段的内容可知，这些技能可以在课堂外学到，更糟糕的是它占用了学生们花在学习上的时间。所以选项C符合原文。

4.根据最后一段可知，学校的根本任务是为学生的未来打下坚实的基础，学校旨在培养的学生应是具有好奇心和理解力，能掌握数学基本概念，并能对现存的一些观念进行独立评价。言外之意，由于盲目地进行计算机教育，这些基础容易被忽视。选项C符合原文。

5.很明显，本文中作者对于在课堂上教计算机是持批判态度的，文中提到了会由此带来的不良影响。所以选项A正确。

7.单选题

IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.BominCanton,NewYork,thesonofawealthypublisher,RemingtonwasaboxerandafootballplayeratYale—thelastnameonewouldexpecttobecometheartistoftheOldWest.Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.Attheageofnineteen,heleftcollegetolookforadventure.HetraveledfromMontanatoTexas,asacowpuncherandprospector.Remingtonhadalwaysbeeninterestedinjournalism.Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.Thesubjectof“WinningoftheWest”sofascinatedtheEastthatmagazinesandnewspaperswerecrammedwithaccountsoftheprospector’sadventures,andofbattleswithrustlersandotherout-laws—allthetalesthatwerethennewsandhavesincebecomelegendsinAmericanhistory.

TherearealsostoriescontributedbyBretHarte,RichardHardingDavis,JoaquinMiller,andmanymore.OftenthesewereillustratedbysketchesandpaintingsfromRemington’shand,butitwasasasculptorthatRemingtonwasthegreatestartist.

1.Thewriter’spurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Bierstadt’srelationshiptotheRockyMountaincanbecomparedtothatRemington’sto（）

3.Duringhisyouth,Remingtonreadthewritingsof（）.

4.Remingtonbasedhisartonthe（）

问题1选项

A.compareRemingtonwithCatlinandBierstadt

B.showhowthenewsstoriesofoneagebecomethelegendsofthenext

C.describethemajorworksofRemington

D.outlineRemington’scareer

问题2选项

A.NewYork

B.YaleUniversity

C.thestoriesofBretHarte

D.thecowboysoftheWest

问题3选项

A.Hart

B.Catlin

C.Bierstadt

D.Miller

问题4选项

A.storieshereadinnewspapers

B.thingshehadseenandexperienced

C.paintingshecopiedfromCatlinandBierstadt

D.principleshehadlearnedatYale

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

【解析】1.主旨题。根据文章内容，首先讲到了雷明顿曾经是一名拳击手和足球运动员，19岁开始喜欢冒险，后面成为一名勘探者，一直对新闻行业感兴趣，把自己看到的事物记载下来等等，这些都是在描述雷明顿的职业生涯。选项D符合题意。

2.细节理解题。根据文章第一段第一句，“IfCatlinwasthepainteroftheAmericanIndian,andBierstadttheportrayeroftheRockyMountains,theartistoftheWesterncowboysandsettlerswasFredericRemington.”。如果说卡特林是美国印第安人的画家，比尔施塔特是描绘落基山脉的画家，那么西部牛仔和定居者的画家则是弗雷德里克•雷明顿。选项D符合题意。

3.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Butasaboyhelovedhorses,andfedonthejournalsofGeorgeCatlinandLewisandClark.”。但当他是个孩子的时候，他喜欢马，喜欢读乔治•卡特林、刘易斯和克拉克的作品。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Nowhebegantowritedown,andtopaintandsketchwhathesaw.”，他是将他看到的和经历过的写下来或者画下来，选项B符合题意。

8.单选题

WhenIgooutintheeveningIusethebike（）thecarifIcan.

问题1选项

A.ratherthan

B.regardlessof

C.inspiteof

D.otherthan

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。ratherthan“而不是”；regardlessof“不管，不顾”；inspiteof“尽管”；otherthan“除了”。句意：我晚上外出时，我一般骑自行车而不是小汽车。A项符合题意。

9.单选题

Shehadbeenchargedwithbeingan（）totheembezzlementoffundsfromacooperativefarm.

问题1选项

A.access

B.accessory

C.accessibility

D.accession

【答案】B

【解析】access使用权,通路；accessory配件,附件,从犯；accessibility易接近,可得到；accession增加,就职。句意：她被指控为挪用一个合作农场资金的从犯。选项B符合句意。

10.单选题

Inaworldfoodsystemthattheyhavedescribedinthebook,food（）transportedatreasonablecostandproducedanywhereintheworldisactuallyorpotentiallyavailabletoanypersonwiththemeanstopurchaseit.

问题1选项

A.canbe

B.tobe

C.thatcanbe

D.being

【答案】C

【解析】语法题。根据题意，句子的主语是food，谓语动词是is，所以空格部分应该填入非谓语动词或从句。选项A可排除。动词不定式表将来，-ing分词表现在进行。空格中填入的动词形式体现一般现在时态即可。所以that引导定语从句，从句构成被动语态。选项C符合题意。

11.单选题

Today’ssuccessinweatherforecastingstemsfromappliedratherthanpurescience.

问题1选项

A.derivesfrom

B.leadsto

C.concurswith

D.benefitsfrom

【答案】A

【解析】考查词组辨析。stemfrom表示“起源于”。A项derivefrom“源出，来自”，B项leadto“导致”，C项concurwith“同意”，D项benefitfrom“得益于，得利于”；句意：今天天气预报的成功源于应用科学而非纯科学。根据句意该题选A。

12.单选题

MostbroadcastersmaintainthatTVhasbeenunfairlycriticizedandarguethatpowerofthemediumis（）.

问题1选项

A.granted

B.implied

C.exaggerated

D.remedied

【答案】C

【解析】granted授予,同意；implied暗示；exaggerated夸张；remedied补救。句意：大多数广播公司认为电视受到了不公正的批评,认为媒体的力量被夸大了。

13.翻译题

Politiciansandthepublicarequicktoblamecollegefacultymembersforthedeclineinlearning,butprofessors—likeallteachers—areworkinginacontextthathasbeencreatedlargelybyothers:

Fewpeopleoutsideofhighereducationunderstandhowlittlecontrolprofessorsactuallyhaveoverwhatstudentscanlearn.

Herearesomereasons:

Lackofstudentpreparation.Increasingly,undergraduatesarenotpreparedadequatelyinanyacademicareabutoftenarrivewithstrongconvictionsabouttheirabilities.Socollegeprofessorsroutinelyencounterstudentswhohaveneverwrittenanythingmorethanshortanswersonexams,whodonotreadmuchatall，wholackfoundationalskillsinmathandscience，yetarecompletelyconvincedoftheirabilitiesandresistanycriticismoftheirwork，tothepointofangerandtears:“ButIearnednothingbutA’sinhighschool,”and“Yourdemandsareunreasonable.”Suchacombinationmakessomestudentsnearlyunteachable.

Gradeinflation.Ithasbecomedifficulttogivestudentshonestfeedback.Theslightestcriticismshavetobecushionedbyawarmblanketofpraiseandencouragementtoavoidprovokingoppositionaldefianceorcompletebreakdowns.

Asaresult,studentprogressisslowed,sharply.Rubric-drivenapproachesgivetheappearanceofobjectivitybutmakegradingseemlikeamatterofchecklists,which,ifcompleted,mustensureanA.Increasingly，time-pressuredcollegeteachersaskthemselves，“Whatgradewillensurenocomplaintfromthestudent，orworse，abattleoverwhethertheinstructionsforanassignmentwereclearenough?”So，thenumberofA-rangegradeskeepsgoingup,andthemotivationforstudentstoexcelkeepsgoingdown.

Studentretention.Asthecollege-agepopulationdeclines,manytuition-driveninstitutionsstruggletofindenoughpayingcustomerstobalancetheirbudgets.Thatmakesitnecessarytorecruitevenmoreunpreparedstudents，whothenmustberetained，shiftingtheburdenforacademicsuccessawayfromthestudentandontotheteacher.

Facultymemberscanworkwithanindividualstudent，iftheyhavetime，butthecapabilitiesofthestudentpopulationasawholedefinetheaveragelevelofrigorthatissustainableintheclassroom.Atsomeinstitutions,graduationratesaresohighbecausetheacademicexpectationsaresolow.Failingalotofstudentsisaseriousrisk,financially,forthecollegeandtheprofessor.

【答案】因此，大学教授遇到的学生往往是这样的：除了会在试卷上写简要答案之外，从不动笔写任何东西，不怎么读书，缺乏基本的数理技能，却对自己的能力信心满满，还拒绝接受任何针对其作业的批评，甚至到了大哭大闹的地步。

稍加批评，就得施以各种赞美鼓励来缓和，以防引发对立情绪，或者情绪完全崩溃。

由于时间压力，越来越多的大学老师自问：“给学生什么样的成绩才能保证他们不抱怨，更糟糕的是，才不会因为作业要求是否清晰而引发纷争?”

因此，就不得不招进更多不合要求的学生，还不得不留下他们，从而将争取学业成功的负担从学生身上转嫁到老师身上。

如果有时间，教师可以进行单独辅导。但是学生的整体能力决定了在课堂上能够严格要求他们的程度。

14.单选题

14.

问题1选项

A.Sheisabsent-minded.

B.Sheisinhighspirits.

C.Sheisindifferent.

D.Sheiscompassionate.

【答案】D

【解析】W:Here’sanextrablanket.Letmetuckyouin.

M:You’resosweet.Whatisyourname?

W:MynameisAlice.I’llbeonshiftduringthedayforthenextfewdays.

Q:Whatcanbesaidofthewoman?

【解析】细节题。对话中女士要给男士加一条毛毯，男士说：You’resosweet，可知女士非常热心。

15.单选题

Thepolicereceiveda(n)______callgivingthemvaluableinformation,butthecallerwouldnotgivehisnameoutoffearof______.

问题1选项

A.private...impunity

B.anonymous...reprisals

C.professional...dissension

D.enigmatic...refusal

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.private...impunity私人的……免于惩罚B.anonymous...reprisals匿名的……报复

C.professional...dissension专业的……意见分歧D.enigmatic...refusal令人困惑的……拒绝

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词和名词辨析。

【解题思路】根据关键信息butthecallerwouldnotgivehisname（不肯说出他的名字）可知，这个电话是匿名电话，第一个空格应该填入anonymous；而根据常识可知，人们在给警方提供信息时不愿意透露自己的姓名是害怕报复，所以第二个空格应该填入reprisals。故该题选择B项。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D项不符合句意。

【句意】警察接到一个匿名电话，给他们提供了有价值的信息，但打电话的人由于害怕报复而不肯说出他的名字。

16.单选题

Customersmayalsobepermittedto______theircurrentaccountsforashortperiodinanticipationofacredititemcomingin.

问题1选项

A.overextend

B.overdraw

C.overvalue

D.overpay

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项overextend“过分扩展；过分延长；使……承担过多的义务”；B选项overdraw“透支；拉过度；夸张”；C选项overvalue“对……估价过高；过分重视”；D选项overpay“多付；多给报酬”。句意：客户也可能被允许在短期内透支他们的活期账户，以期收到信贷项目。。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Architecturalpressuregroupsfoughtunsuccessfullytosaveaterraceofeighteenthcenturyhousesfrom（）.

问题1选项

A.abolition

B.demolition

C.disruption

D.dismantling

【答案】B

【解析】本题考查了动词辨析。abolition“废除；废止”；demolition“毁坏；拆毁（带有破坏感）”；disruption“分裂；瓦解”；dismantling“拆开，拆卸（机器或结构）”，根据terrace“台阶；门廊”可知此处应该选择动词demolition，故正确答案为选项B。句意为：建筑力学群体没有能够成功保护一个十八世纪的台阶免遭拆除。

18.单选题

Notonly（

）todeterminethedepthoftheoceanfloor,butitisalsousedtolocateoil.

问题1选项

A.touseseismology

B.isseismologyused

C.tohavestarted

D.usingseismology

【答案】B

【解析】考查部分倒装。notonly位于句首时，句子要用部分倒装结构，即将系动词、助动词或情态动词提前，放在主语前。

句意：地震学不仅用来确定海底的深度，而且还被用来定位石油。

19.单选题

Thesellerorhisagentsarenotobligedinlawtotellyouofthedefectsortrueconditionsofthehouse.So,itisimportantthatyourownsurveyorissenttomakeastructuralsurveyofthehouseafteryouhavemadeanofferforin,butbeforeyouenterlegalcommitment.

Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.Ifhedoeshisjobwell,hewillearnhis-fee(whichforastraightforwardsurveyofafive-roomhouseisnotlikelytobelessthan£50)byprovidinginformationwhichcanbeusedtostartnegotiations.

Manydefectsarenotapparenttotheordinaryhousebuyerbutcanbedelec1eddetectedbytheexpert—thesurveyor.Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditsissurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay.Thissurveyormakesonlyavaluation(notafullsurvey)toseewhetherthepriorityisgoodsecurityforthepartofthepurchasepriceyoumightbeleant.Hisreportisconfidentialandmaynotbeavailabletoyou,thoughbuildingsocietymaybepreparedtotellthepurchaseraboutreallymajordefectsfollowingtheirvaluation.Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).

Ifyouarebuildinganewhouse,youwillalsoneedassurancethatthehouseisproperlybuiltandthebuildingwillaccepttheresponsibilityforanydefectsthatmayappearduetopoordesign,materialsorworkmanship.IfabuilderisrestrictedwithNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil,youwillknowthatthehousehasbeenspot-checkinspectedatperiodicintervalsduringbuildings.Arbitrationmachineryandfornewly-builthouse,a10-yearprotectionagainstmajorstructuraldefects,existshouldthingsgowrongandthebuilderseektoavoidresponsibility.

Ifthebuilderisnotregistereditwillbewisetogetacompetentsurveyortocheckthehouseoverduringvariousstagesofconstruction.(Hewillchargeafeeforeachvisittothesite.)

1.Whatstageinbuyingahouseisasurveyoremployed?

2.Whatisthemainreasontoemployasurveyor?

3.Whydoesthebuildingsocietyorlocalauthoritysendisownsurveyor?

4.Themaindifferencebetweenthesurveyorsemployedbyyouandthebuildingsocietyisthat________.

5.Thebuyerofanewhousehastobesurethat________.

问题1选项

A.Afteryouhaveinspectedthehouseyourself.

B.Shortlybeforeyoutakeupresidenceinthehouse.

C.Beforeyouhaveanykindofdiscussionabouttheprice.

D.Duringtheearlystageoffreenegotiation.

问题2选项

A.Toinspectandreportontheconditionofthehouse.

B.Totellyouthetruevalueofthehouse.

C.Toassistyouinnegotiatingforalowerprice.

D.Toadviseyouaboutcarryingoutrepairs.

问题3选项

A.Toprovidethemwithinformationtheyneedinadvisingthepossiblebuyer.

B.Tocheckthereportpreparedbythebuyer’ssurveyor.

C.Tocheckwhatrepairsthebuyermustcarryoutbeforegettingaloan.

D.Tofindoutwhetheritwillbeadvisabletolendthepurchasemoney.

问题4选项

A.thesecondsurveyorisnotinterestedinthedefectsofthehouse

B.youdonothavetopayforthesecondsurveyor

C.thesecondsurveyor’sjobistodecidewhatthehouseisworth

D.thesecondsurveyor’sjobistofindoutwhetherhouseisfittolivein

问题5选项

A.theconstructionofthehousehasbeenconstantlysupervised

B.seriousconstructionalfaultswillbeputrightduringvariousstagesofconstruction

C.hewillhavelegalprotectioninthecaseofadisputewiththebuilder

D.thebuilderisregisteredwiththeNationalHouse-Builders’RegistrationCouncil

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段So,itisimportantthatyourownsurveyorissenttomakeastructuralsurveyofthehouseafteryouhavemadeanofferforit,butbeforeyouenterlegalcommitment.（因此，重要的是，在你提出报价后，但在你进入法律承诺之前，要派你自己的测量师对房子进行结构测量）和第二段Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.（你的测量师负责找出房子里所有的内部和外部缺陷，并告诉你修复这些缺陷需要多少钱。他会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈。），由此可知测量师是在你与卖方讨论价格之前为你工作的，所以C选项“在你讨论价格之前”正确。A选项“你自己检查完房子之后”，文章没有提到需要自己检查房子，且这是测量师的工作，属于无中生有；B选项“在你住进这所房子之前不久”以及D选项“在自由谈判的早期阶段”都与文章事实不相符，属于曲解原文。因此C选项正确。

2.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段Yoursurveyor’sjobistofindoutalltheinternalandexteriordefectsinthehouseandtoindicatetoyouhowmuchmoneyitwillcosttoputthemright.Hewilltellyouwhetherthehouseisworththepricebeingaskedandmaysuggestapricetonegotiatewiththeseller.（你的测量师负责找出房子里所有的内部和外部缺陷，并告诉你修复这些缺陷需要多少钱。他会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈。），由此可知请测量师的主要原因是为了让你知道自己房子的价格是否值得商谈，所以B选项“告诉你房子的真正价值”正确。A选项“检查并报告房屋状况”，此处虽然有提及，但这是测量师的主要工作，并不是请他的主要原因，属于张冠李戴；C选项“帮助你谈一个更低的价格”，此处提到测量师只会告诉你房子的价格是否值得商谈，并不会帮助你谈价，属于曲解原文；D选项“建议你进行修理”，此处提到测量师只会告诉你修理房子缺陷的大概费用，没有提到他们会建议你修理，属于无中生有。因此B选项正确。

3.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章三段Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditssurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay...Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepairedwithinastatedtime(atyourownexpenseofcourse).（你希望从那里获得贷款的房屋互助协会或地方当局也会派遣测量师，你必须支付测量师的费用……事实上，他们可能会以你在规定的时间内修复缺陷作为抵押的条件，当然是费用自理。），由此可推断出房屋互助协会和地方当局请测量师的原因是为了检查买方在贷款前需要的维修之处，所以C选项“检查买方在获得贷款前必须进行的维修”正确。A选项“向他们提供他们在向潜在买家提供建议时所需的信息”文章没有提到，属于无中生有；B选项“检查买方检验师准备的报告”对应文章第三段，该段中只提到房屋互助协会或地方当局请的测量师的最终报告买方是无法看到的，并不是说他们请测量师是为了检查买方检验师所准备的报告，该选项属于曲解原文；D选项“看看借出购买款项是否明智”文章没有提及，属于无中生有。因此C选项正确。

4.推理判断题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段Thebuildingsocietyorlocalauthorityfromwhichyouhopetogetaloanwillsenditssurveyortoo,whosefeeyouwillhavetopay...Theymayinfactmakeitaconditionofthemortgagethatyouwillhavethedefectsrepaired