考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解3

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-中央财经大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.

Inthepastcoupleofweeksaquarrelhasillustratedthevaluetoadvertisersofsuchfine-grainedinformation:Shouldadvertisersassumethatpeoplearehappytobetrackedandsentbehavioralads?Orshouldtheyhaveexplicitpermission?

InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission（FTC.proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.Microsoft'sInternetExplorerandApple'sSafaribothofferDNT;Google'sChromeisduetodosothisyear.InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance（DAA.agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.

OnMay31stMicrosoftsetofftherow:ItsaidthatInternetExplorer10,theversionduetoappearwindows8,wouldhaveDNTasadefault.

Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.

AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.DNTdoesnotseemanobviouslyhuge'sellingpointforwindows8-thoughthefirmhascomparedsomeofitsotherproductsfavorablywithGoogle'sonthatcountbefore.BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?

1.Paragraph1suggeststhat“behavioral”adshelpadvertisersto（）.

2.“Theindustry”（Line5,Para.3）refersto（）.

3.TheauthorholdsthatsettingDNTasadefault（）.

4.AccordingtoParagraph6,（）.

5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardswhatBrendonLynchsaidinhisblogisoneof（）.

问题1选项

A.easecompetitionamongthemselves

B.avoidcomplaintsfromconsumers

C.providebetteronlineservices

D.lowertheiroperationalcosts

问题2选项

A.onlineadvertisers

B.e-commerceconductors

C.digitalinformationanalysis

D.internetbrowserdevelopers

问题3选项

A.maycutthenumberofjunkads

B.failstoaffecttheadindustry

C.maynotbenefitconsumers

D.goesagainsthumannature

问题4选项

A.DNTmaynotserveitsintendedpurpose

B.advertisersarewillingtoimplementDNT

C.DNTislosingitspopularityamongconsumers

D.advertisersareobligedtoofferbehavioralads

问题5选项

A.indulgence

B.skepticism

C.appreciation

D.understanding

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。由第一段“Anoldsayinghasitthathalfofalladvertisingbudgetsarewasted-thetroubleis,nooneknowswhichhalf.Intheinternetage,atleastintheory,thisfractioncanbemuchreduced.Bywatchingwhatpeoplesearchfor,clickonandsayonline,companiescanaim“behavioral”adsatthosemostlikelytobuy.有句老话说，所有广告预算的一半都浪费了——问题是，没人知道是哪一半。在互联网时代，至少在理论上，这个比例可以大大降低。通过观察人们在网上搜索、点击和发言的内容，公司可以针对那些最有可能购买的人投放“行为”广告。由此可知行为广告能降低运营成本。故D项正确。

2.词义题。由第三段第一句话“InDecember2010America'sFederalTradeCommission（FTC.proposedaddinga"donottrack"（DNT）optiontointernetbrowsers,sothatuserscouldtelladvertisersthattheydidnotwanttobefollowed.2010年12月，美国联邦贸易委员会（FTC.提议在互联网浏览器中增加“禁止追踪”（DNT）选项，这样用户就可以告诉广告商他们不希望被跟踪。”以及“InFebruarytheFTCandDigitalAdvertisingAlliance（DAA.agreedthattheindustrywouldgetcrackingonrespondingtoDNTrequests.”今年2月，联邦贸易委员会和数字广告联盟（DAA.一致认为，该行业将着手应对DNT请求。由上文可知FTC以及IE等同意在浏览器中增加DNT选项，故theindustry就是指代上文提到的互联网浏览器。

3.判断推理题。由第五段“Itisnotyetclearhowadvertiserswillrespond.GettingaDNTsignaldoesnotobligeanyonetostoptracking,althoughsomecompanieshavepromisedtodoso.UnabletotellwhethersomeonereallyobjectstobehavioraladsorwhethertheyarestickingwithMicrosoft’sdefault,somemayignoreaDNTsignalandpressonanyway.目前尚不清楚广告客户将如何回应。获得DNT信号并不意味着任何人都必须停止跟踪，尽管一些公司已经承诺这样做。由于无法判断用户是真的反对行为性广告，还是坚持使用微软的默认设置，一些企业可能会忽略DNT信号，继续按下按钮。据此可知在网络浏览器中增加DNT选项并不意味着用户的浏览记录不会被追踪，也就是说用户可能不会真正从中受益。故C项正确。

4.判断推理题。由第六段“AlsouncleariswhyMicrosofthasgoneitalone.Afterall,ithasanadbusinesstoo,whichitsayswillcomplywithDNTrequests,thoughitisstillworkingouthow.IfitistryingtoupsetGoogle,whichreliesalmostwhollyondefaultwillbecomethenorm.同样不清楚的是，微软为什么要单干。毕竟，它也有自己的广告业务，它说自己会遵守DNT请求，尽管它仍在研究如何做到这一点。如果它试图扰乱谷歌的话，那么它几乎完全依赖DNT默认设置将成为常态。由此可知微软将DNT作为浏览器默认设置的目的并不是不记录用户的轨迹，而是想扰乱它的竞争者比如谷歌，所以偏离了DNT的初衷。故A项正确。

5.观点态度题。由题干定位到本文最后一句“BrendonLynch,Microsoft'schiefprivacyofficer,blogged:"webelieveconsumersshouldhavemorecontrol."Coulditreallybethatsimple?微软首席隐私官BrendonLynch在博客中写道:“我们相信消费者应该有更多的控制权。”真的有那么简单吗?”从Coulditreallybethatsimple?可知作者是持怀疑态度。故B项正确。

2.单选题

Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

问题1选项

A.destructive

B.lucrative

C.diverse

D.responsible

【答案】D

【解析】形容词辨析题。destructive有害的，毁灭性的；lucrative获利多的；diverse不同的，多种多样的；responsible负责的，可靠的。

句意：如果这个项目出了什么问题，我将追究你个人的责任。选项D符合句意。

3.单选题

Thevolcanogavewarningthatitwouldsoonpop:smallearthquakesshudderedbeneathitssurfaceonSeptember23.

问题1选项

A.sank

B.sent

C.erupted

D.shook

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项sank“沉陷”；B选项sent“送，寄出”；C选项erupted“爆发；长出”；D选项shook“摇动”。句意：火山发出警告说它很快就会爆发：9月23日，它的地表下发生了小地震。结合此处关键词earthquakes（地震）可排除B、C选项，A选项sank（沉陷）也与地震不匹配，因此得知D选项正确。

4.翻译题

II.(本题3段，每段10分)

HumanisticpsychologyHumanisticpsychologistsbelievethatbehavioristsareover-concernedwiththescientificstudyandanalysisoftheactionsofmanasanorganism,totheneglectofbasicaspectsofmanasafeeling,thinkingindividual,andthattoomucheffortisspentinlaboratoryresearch,whichquantifiesandreduceshumanbehaviortoitselements.Humanistsalsotakeissuewiththedeterministicorientationofpsychoanalysis,whichpostulatesthatman’searlyexperiencesanddrivesdeterminehisbehavior.Humaniststendtobelievethattheindividualisresponsibleforhislifeandactionsandmaytimecreativelychangehisattitudesorbehaviorthroughawarenessandwill.Thehumanistisconcernedwiththefullestgrowthoftheindividualintheareasoflove,fulfillment,self-worth,andautonomy;maturationisconsideredaprocessduringwhichoneestablishesandfollowsone’ssystemofvalues.

ExperimentmethodTheexperimentisaresearchinwhichtheinvestigatormanipulatesavariablecarefullycontrolledconditionsandobserveswhetheranychangesoccurinasecondvariableasaresult.Thus,thepurposeofanexperimentistofindouthowonevariable,let’scallitX,affectsanothervariable,whichwe’llcallY.Inthisformulation,werefertoXastheindependentvariabletoYasthedependentvariable.Anindependentvariableisaconditionoreventthatanexperimentervariesinordertoseeitsimpactonanothervariable.Agoodshortcutforsortingouttheindependentvariablesinexperimentsistofitthevariablesintotheequation“HowXaffectsY.”

IntelligenceIntelligencereferstocognitiveabilitiesofanindividualtolearnfromexperience,toreasonwell,andtocopeeffectivelywiththedemandsofdailyliving.Inshort,intelligencehastodowithhowwellapersonisabletousecognitionincopingwiththeworld.Thetermintelligencewasnotinwidespreaduseuntilitwaspopularizedinthelate1800sbythewritingsofSirFrancisGalton.GaltonwasacousinofCharlesDarwin,thescientistcreditedfordevelopingthetheoryofevolutionbasedonnaturalselectionofinheritedcharacteristics.Galtonbelievedthatintellectualabilitywasinherited,andhetriedunsuccessfullytodevelopanintelligencetesttouseinhisresearch.Althoughhewasunsuccessfulinhisownresearch,Galtongavepsychologytheconceptofintelligence.

【答案】人本心理学5.单选题

（）prohibitedinmanycountries.

问题1选项

A.Thehuntingofcertainrareanimals

B.Thehuntingofcertainrareanimalsis

C.Huntingcertainrareanimalsare

D.Huntingofcertainrareanimalsare

【答案】B

【解析】语法题。选A没有谓语动词可首先排除。根据句意：在许多国家,

捕获稀有动物是被禁止的。这里指的是捕获稀有动物这件事，所以谓语动词应该为单数，不能被前面的animals迷惑，所以本题选B。

6.翻译题

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewandusedvehicleshasn’tchangedmuch,apartfrommorecomfortablechairsandtheadditionoflatte(拿铁咖啡)machines.

ButtheInternetisunravelingtheessenceofnew-carretailing,armingshopperswithmoreinformationthaneveraboutfeaturesandprices,and(as)wellasexpertreviews.Willshopperssoonbeabletotakethenextstepandordernewcarsonline,likebooks,laptopsandshoes?

ThedebateoverInternetvehiclesalesrages,sinceautomakersseeif(it)asawaytoslashdistributioncostsbyhundreds,andperhapsafewthousanddollarspervehicle.Dealersareaghast:Theyhaveshieldedtheirfranchisesineverystatewithlegislation.ManyviewInternetsalesasameansofunderminingthem.Dealersassertthat“carsaren’tbooksorshoes”andarebestsoldinpersonbytheirsalesstaff,aprocessthatallowstheshoppertotestthevehicle,aswellasexplorefinancingandtrade-ins.

TeslaMotors(TSLA.，thegroundbreakingelectric-vehiclemanufacturerfoundedbyElonMusk,takesordersforitsModelSsedan,whichstartsat$70.000,onitswebsite.Thecarsaredeliveredeitheratoneofits30company-ownedstoresorcanbedrop-shippedtoabuyer’shome.Tesla,clearly,isbuckinglawandtradition.“InTexas,wherethelawprecludesdeliveringdirectlytocustomers,wedosothroughthird-parties,”saidSharmaHendriks,aTeslaspokesperson.“We’renotsayingwe’llneverhavedealers;butthatmodeldoesn’tmakesenseforusnow.

Becausethemarketforusedcarsisn’tprotectedbynew-carfranchiselaws,itmayprovideamorepromisingopportunityforonlinevehiclesales.eBayMotors,adivisionofeBay(EBAY),offersthousandsofvehiclesonlineforsalesbetweenprivateparties.Manyused-cardealersalsousethedigitalplatformandpayalistingfee.

Carvana,aventuresponsoredbyDriveTime,oneofthenation’slargestused-caroperations,hasbegunsellinglate-modelusedpremiumandluxurymodelsonitsownwebsite.CarvanaoperatesforthetimebeingonlyinAtlantaanditsenvironsbuthopestoexpandnationwide.

ErnieGarciaJr.,Carvana’schiefexecutiveofficer,saidthatthefirsthundredvehiclessoldbyCarvanareflectwhathecalleda“promising”trendofhighsatisfactionamongbuyers.Fourbuyersofthefirsthundredweren’tsatisfiedwiththeirpurchaseandexercisedtheirrighttotradethevehiclestheyboughtforanother.Onlyoneofthehundreddemandedarefund.

Garciasaidthatsalesofnewandusedvehiclesatdealerships,intheconventionalmanner,reflectabout“$2,000acar”insales,generalandadministrativecost.Heregardsthatamountasmarginthatcanandwilleventuallyshrinkasonlineattractsmorevehicleshoppers.New-vehiclesalesonlinehaven’tarrived,andperhapsmaynever.Yetthatdayfeelsasthoughit’sdrawingcloser,especiallyforconsumerswhowillchooseanythingandeverything-includingaspouse-usingkeypadormouse.

Foracenturyorso,theshoppingritualatdealershowroomsfornewandusedvehicleshasn’tchangedmuch,apartfrommorecomfortablechairsandtheadditionoflatte（拿铁咖啡）machines.

【答案】一个世纪以来，在经销商的展厅里购买新车或二手车的程序基本上没有什么变化，只是多了一些舒服的椅子和咖啡机什么的。

但互联网正在解构新车销售的本质，它让消费者了解到更多有关汽车性能和价格的信息，同时还有专家的评测与看法。那么，不久的将来，消费者是否会像买书、买鞋、买笔记本电脑一样，开始在网上订购汽车呢？

关于汽车能否在互联网上销售的争论十分激烈。汽车厂商们认为，网上卖车可以大幅降低渠道成本，光是卖一辆车的渠道成本就可减少几百、甚至几千美元。而经销商们则惊慌失措，他们已经在美国的各个州通过法律巩固了自己的经营权，许多经销商认为网上售车会对他们的业务造成严重损害。他们坚称“汽车不是书也不是鞋”,最好还是通过与销售员面对面沟通的方式来购车，因为消费者可以通过这个环节试驾车辆，同时办妥贷款和打折等有关的事宜。

由艾伦•马斯科投资的电动汽车制造商特斯拉汽车公司(TeslaMotors)B经开始在官网上接受Models的订单了，这款车型的起价为7万美元。这些车辆既可以运到这家公司拥有的30家商店里，也可以直接运到消费者的家门口。显然特斯拉并不怕挑战法律和传统。特斯拉公司的发言人莎娜•亨德里克斯说：“德克萨斯州的法律禁止厂商把汽车直接运到消费者家里，所以我们是通过第三方这样做的。我们并不是说我们永远都不需要经销商，但就眼下来说，那种模式对我们没有意义。”

由于二手车市场不受新车特许经营法保护，因此这个领域对在线卖车来说可能更有前景。比如eBay旗下的eBayMotors就在网络上发布了成千上万辆车型信息，方便私人进行二手车交易。很多二手车经销商也利用这个数码平台进行交易，而且还要支付一定的展示费用。

Carvana是美国最大的二手车交易商之一DriveTime投资的一家公司，已经开始在自己的网上销售最新款的二手豪车和高端车型了。目前Carvana的业务还仅限于亚特兰大及周边地区，但它希望尽快将业务扩展到全美。

公司CEO小欧尼•加西尼介绍：Carvana公司首批卖出的100辆二手车在客户中的满意度很高，预示了光明的前景。这100个客户中，只有4个人对他们购买的车辆不满意，而且行使了换车的权利，另外只有1名客户要求退车返款。

加西亚表示，在传统的销售方式下，无论是卖新车还是旧车，每辆的销售成本、一般成本与管理成本加起来，都高达2,000美元左右。他认为，随着网络售车的模式吸引更多的消费者，这部分金额最终会缩水，转化成利润。

新车的在线销售虽然还没有成为现实，而且说不定永远都将是纸上谈兵，但是给我们的感觉却是这一天已经离我们越来越近了。特别是有些消费者己经习惯了用鼠标和键盘挑选和购买一切东西，甚至包括挑选自己的人生伴侣。

7.单选题

They______onacurefortuberculouswhiletheyweredoingresearchonsomethingelse.

问题1选项

A.foundered

B.stumbled

C.fumbled

D.tripped

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.foundered破产，沉没B.stumbled蹒跚而行

C.fumbled笨手笨脚地做D.tripped将……绊倒

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】由宾语acurefortuberculous（治疗肺结核）可知，“发现”符合语境，而stumbleon为固定搭配，表示“意外发现，偶然发现”。因此，该题选择B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A、C选项都不与on搭配；

D选项tripon表示“在……上失误”，不符合句意。

【句意】他们在研究其他东西的时候偶然发现了一种治疗肺结核的方法。

8.单选题

It’sallannualback-to-schoolroutine.Onemorningyouwavegoodbye,andthat（1）eveningyou’reburningthelate-nightoilinsympathy.Intheracetoimproveeducationalstandards,（2）arethrowingthebooksatkids,（3）elementaryschoolstudentsarecomplainingofhomework（4）.What’sawell-meaningparenttodo?

Ashardas（5）maybe,sitbackandchill,expelsadvice.Thoughyou’vegottogetthemtodoit,（6）helpingtoomuch,orevenexamining:（7）toocarefully,youmaykeepthem（8）doingitbythemselves,“Iwouldn’tadviseaparenttocheckevery（9）assignment“sayspsychologistJohnRosemond,authorofEndingtheToughHomework.“There’sa（10）ofappreciationfortrialanderror.Letyourchildren（11）thegradetheydeserve,“Manyexpertsbelieveparentsshouldgentlylookovertheworkofyoungerchildrenandaskthemtorethinktheir（12）But“youdon’twantthemtofeelithastobe（13）.’’Shesays.

That’snottosayparentsshould（14）homework-first,theyshouldmonitorhowmuchhomeworktheirkids（15）.Thirtyminutesadayintheearlyelementaryyearsandanhourin（16）four,five,andsixisstandard,saysRosemond.Forjunior-highstudentsitshouldbe“（17）morethananhourandahalf/’andtwoforhighschoolstudents.Ifyourchild（18）hasmorehomeworkthanthis,youmaywanttocheck（19）otherparentsandthentalktotheteacherabout（20）assignments.

问题1选项

A.very

B.exact

C.right

D.usual

问题2选项

A.officials

B.parents

C.experts

D.schools

问题3选项

A.Also

B.Even

C.Then

D.However

问题4选项

A.fatigue

B.confusion

C.duty

D.puzzle

问题5选项

A.there

B.we

C.they

D.it

问题6选项

A.via

B.under

C.by

D.for

问题7选项

A.questions

B.answers

C.standards

D.rules

问题8选项

A.off

B.without

C.beyond

D.from

问题9选项

A.single

B.piece

C.page

D.other

问题10选项

A.drop

B.short.

C.cut

D.lack

问题11选项

A.acquire

B.earn

C.gather

D.reach

问题12选项

A.exercises

B.defects

C.mistakes

D.tests

问题13选项

A.perfect

B.better

C.unusual

D.complete

问题14选项

A.forget

B.refuse

C.miss

D.ignore

问题15选项

A.have

B.prepare

C.make

D.perform

问题16选项

A.classes

B.groups

C.grades

D.terms

问题17选项

A.about

B.no

C.much

D.few

问题18选项

A.previously

B.rarely

C.merely

D.consistently

问题19选项

A.with

B.in

C.out

D.up

问题20选项

A.finishing

B.lowering

C.reducing

D.declining

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:C

第6题:C

第7题:B

第8题:D

第9题:A

第10题:D

第11题:B

第12题:C

第13题:A

第14题:D

第15题:A

第16题:C

第17题:B

第18题:D

第19题:A

第20题:C

【解析】（1）语义连接。Very修饰名词,表强调。

（2）语义连接。空前说:toimproveeducationalstandards,可知学校为了提高教育水平向学生施压。

（3）逻辑分析。此处为递进关系。句意:学校把大量的课本压向学生,竟连小学生也在抱怨。

（4）名词辨析。句意:连小学生都在抱怨作业太多。Fatigue疲劳，疲乏;confusion“混淆，困惑”;duty责任，职责;puzzle困惑，迷惑。故A项符合句意。

（5）语义连接。这里缺一个代词，指代后面的“sitbackandchill”，所以选it。

（6）介词辨析。by表示“通过…方式”。

（7）名词辨析。这里说家长帮孩子检查作业，所以此处应该是检查作业的答案。

（8）固定搭配。。keepsb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人干某事。

（9）语义连接。every与single搭配，表示强调，”everysingleassignment”意思是“每一份作业”或“所有作业”。

（10）固定搭配。alackof缺乏。

（11）动词辨析。句意:让孩子们得到应得的分数。所以答案在A和B之间。acquire意思是通过努力，慢慢地获得(知识、技能等),而earn表示通过一番努力赢得、挣得。故选B。

（12）名词辨析。句意应为:家长看完孩子作业后,应要求他们重新思考自己的错误。

（13）形容词辨析。此句中but表转折。句意:但是也不能让他们认为作业必须完美/万无一失。

（14）动词辨析。句意:这并不是说家长可以忽视孩子的家庭作业。

（15）动词辨析。这里表示孩子有多少家庭作业。

（16）名词辨析。Grade表示“年级”。

（17）固定搭配。Nomorethan不超过。

（18）副词辨析。句意:如果你的孩子不断地超过这个作业量,那你就要与别的家长核对并同老师商讨。

（19）介词辨析。With表示“和…”。

（20）动词辨析。句意:那你就要与别的家长核对并同老师商讨减少作业量。 

9.单选题

Ifanymanheredoesnotagreewithme,heshould（）hisownplanforimproving

thelivingconditionsofthesepeople.

问题1选项

A.puton

B.putout

C.putin

D.putforward

【答案】D

【解析】短语辨析。句意：如果这里有人不同意我的意见，他应该提出自己的计划来改善这些人的生活条件。

10.填空题

A:I’veprintedoutthereportbutIdon’thave（1）toputitin.Doyou（2）anychancehaveaclearplasticfolderthatIcould（3）?

B:How（4）thisone?It’sthekindthatIalwaysputreportsin.

A:Thanks!Thiswill（5）verywell.

【答案】1.folder

2.by

3.use

4.about

5.be

【解析】1.语义题。folder表示用来装报告的“文件夹”。

2.固定搭配。bychance碰巧,偶然。

3.语义题。句意:你有我能用的透明塑料文件夹吗?

4.常用语。Howabout你认为……怎么样。

5.语法题。空格位于助动词will和形容词well之间,因此空格应填be动词be。

11.单选题

Intheatmosphere,carbondioxideactsratherlikeaone-waymirrorortheglassintheroofofagreenhousewhichallowsthesun'sraystoenterbutpreventstheheatfromescaping.

Accordingtoaweatherexpert'sprediction,theatmospherewillbe3°Cwarmerintheyear2050thanitistoday,ifmancontinuestoburnfuelsatthepresentrate.Ifthiswarming-uptookplace,theicecapsinthepoleswouldbegintomelt,thusraisingsealevelseveralmetresandseverelyfloodingcoastalcities.Also,theincreaseinatmospherictemperaturewouldleadtogreatchangesintheclimateofthenorthernhemisphere,possiblyresultinginanalterationoftheearth'schieffoodgrowingzones.

Inthepast,concernaboutaman-madewarmingoftheearthhasconcentratedontheArcticbecausetheAntarcticismuchcolderandhasamuchthickericesheet.ButtheweatherexpertsarenowpayingmoreattentiontoWestAntarctic,whichmaybeaffectedbyonlyafewdegreesofwarming,inotherwords,byawarmingonthescalethatwillpossiblytakeplaceinthenextfiftyyearsfromtheburningoffuels.

SatellitepicturesshowthatlargeareasofAntarcticicearealreadydisappearing.Theevidenceavailablesuggeststhatawarminghastakenplace.Thisfitsthetheorythatcarbondioxidewarmstheearth.

However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling.Scientistsconclude,therefore,thatuptonownaturalinfluencesontheweatherhavegonebeyondthosecausedbyman.Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?

Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun.Astronomersatoneresearchstationhavestudiedthehotspotsand"cold"spots(thatis,therelativelylesshotspots)onthesun.Asthesunrotates,every27.5days,itpresentshotteror"colder"facestotheearth,anddifferentaspectstodifferentpartsoftheearth.Thisseemstohaveaconsiderableeffectonthedistributionoftheearth'satmosphericpressure,andconsequentlyonwindcirculation.Thesunisalsochangeableoveralongterm:itsheatoutputgoesupanddownincycles,thelatesttrendbeingdownward.

Scientistsarenowfindingsharedrelationsbetweenmodelsofsolarweatherinteractionsandtheactualclimateovermanythousandsofyears,includingthelastIceAge.TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.Onewayofsolvingthistheoreticaldifficultyistoassumeadelayofthousandsofyearswhilethesolareffectsovercometheinertiaoftheearth'sclimate.Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.

1.Itcanbeconcludedthataconcentrationofcarbondioxideintheatmospherewould（

）.

2.Thearticlewaswrittentoexplain（

）.

3.Althoughthefuelconsumptionisgreaterinthenorthernhemisphere,temperaturesthereseemtobefalling.Thisis（

）.

4.Onthebasisoftheirmodels,scientistsbelievetheopinionthat（

）.

5.IftheassumptionaboutthedelayofanewIceAgeiscorrect,（

）.

问题1选项

A.preventthesun’sraysfromreachingtheearth’ssurface

B.meanawarming-upintheArctic

C.accountforgreatchangesintheclimateinthenorthernhemisphere

D.raisethetemperatureoftheearth’ssurface.

问题2选项

A.thegreenhouseeffect

B.thesolareffectsontheearth

C.themodelsofsolar-weatherinteractions

D.thecausesaffectingweather

问题3选项

A.mainlybecausethelevelsofcarbondioxidearerising

B.possiblebecausetheicecapsinthepolesaremelting

C.exclusivelyduetotheeffectoftheinertiaoftheearth’sclimate

D.partlyduetovariationsintheoutputofsolarenergy

问题4选项

A.theclimateoftheworldshouldbebecomingcooler

B.itwilltakethousandsofyearsfortheinertiaoftheearth’sclimatetotakeeffect

C.theman-madewarningeffecthelpstoincreasethesolareffects

D.thenewIceAgewillbedelayedbythegreenhouseeffect

问题5选项

A.thebestwaytoovercomethecoolingeffectwouldbetoburnmorefuels.

B.icewouldsooncoverthenorthernhemisphere.

C.theincreasedlevelsofcarbondioxideintheastrospherecouldwarmuptheearthevenmorequickly.

D.thegreenhouseeffectcouldworktotheadvantageoftheearth.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:D

第3题:D

第4题:A

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段的内容为：在大气中，二氧化碳的作用就像一面单面镜子或温室屋顶上的玻璃，它允许阳光进入，但阻止热量溢出。因此选D，在大气中二氧化碳的浓度将提高地球表面的温度。

第2题:主旨大意题。文章第一段至第四段主要讲了二氧化碳对全球气候的影响，最后两段主要讲了太阳活动对全球气候变暖的影响，因此选D，本文主要解释影响天气的原因。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第五段中However,mostofthefuelisburntinthenorthernhemisphere,wheretemperaturesseemtobefalling...Thequestionis:Whichnaturalcausehasmosteffectontheweather?和第六段中第一句Onepossibilityisthevariablebehaviorofthesun（一种可能是太阳的变化行为）可知选D，部分的原因是太阳活动的变化。

第4题:细节事实题。由文章最后一段中TheproblemisthatthemodelsarepredictingthattheworldshouldbeenteringanewIceAgeanditisnot.（问题是，这些模型预测，世界应该进入一个新的冰河时代，但事实并非如此）可知A选项“世界气候应该变得更冷”符合题意。

第5题:推理判断题。由文章最后一段中Ifthisisright,thewarmingeffectofcarbondioxidemightthusbeservingasausefulopposedbalancetothesun'sfadingheat.（如果这是正确的，那么二氧化碳的温室效应可以抵消太阳热量的减少）可知选B，如果关于新冰河延期的假设是正确的，那么冰很快就会覆盖北半球。

12.单选题

Thesnowseemstohaveset（）fortheevening.

问题1选项

A.upon

B.in

C.about

D.down

【答案】B

【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项setupon“袭击；挑拨，唆使；开始”；B选项setin“开端；来临；到来”；Csetabout选项“开始着手；考虑”；D选项setdown“放下；记下；登记；写下”。句意：晚上似乎要下雪了。因此B选项正确。

13.单选题

Hewasaskedtobethe（

）ofthebadmintongamebecausehewasanimpartialperson.

问题1选项

A.judge

B.umpire

C.fan

D.controller

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。judge意为“法官，审判员”，泛指各种场合中的评判人员；umpire意为“裁判员”多用于仲裁者本身不需随比赛移动位置，如羽毛球、游泳、板球、棒球等；fan意为“迷，狂热爱好者，风扇”；controller意为“(尤指大型机构或部门的)管理者，控制者”。由thebadmintongame（羽毛球比赛）可知选B。

句意：他被要求担任羽毛球比赛的裁判，因为他是一个公正的人。

14.单选题

CharlesWeiss,programdirectorofscienceandinternationalaffairsatGeorgetownUniversityinWashingtonD.C.,wasthebank’sscienceadviserintheearly1980s.hebelievesthislatestattempttogetthebankthinkingaboutsciencehasmorechanceofsucceedingthanhisownefforts.This,hesays,ispartlybecausetheyhavethesupportofseniorexecutives,particularlyJamesWolfensohn,thebank’spresident,andpartlybecausethebankisnowbeentopromoteknowledge-baseddevelopment.

Unusuallyforalendinginstitution,theWorldBankpossessesworld-classexpertiseontheprojectsandtheregionswhereitlendsmoney.Ofits8000staff,3000haveaPhD-levelqualification,andmanyofthesearetop-rankedresearchersheadhuntedfromuniversities.Thequantityandqualityofthebank'sresearchisconsistentlyhigh.

Butthismoreanalyticalaspectofthebank’sworkhasalwaysbeenovershadowedbyitslendingarm-knownasoperations—whichhasgenerallyconsideredresearchtobeafunctionoflending,ratherthananactivityinitsownright.In1987,halfoftheresearchstaffweresenttoworkoperations.

Thistensionbetweentheresearchandlendingwingsremains,andisoneofseveralchallengesthatwillneedtobeovercomeifthenewstrategyistobearfruit.Inparticular,theneedforanewdepartmentforscienceisbeingquestionedbysomewhodonotwanttoseescienceconfinedtoaghettoandthinkitshouldbepartofthelendingportfolioofallofthebank'sdepartments.

Someoperationsstaffhaveyettobeconvincedofthemeritsofraisingthebank’sresearchprofileorfundingresearchindevelopingcountries.Theybelievethatmoreattentionshouldbepaidtoconventionalinfrastructureneedsinpoorercountrieswhich,becauseoflowcreditratings,willhavelittleaccesstoprivatecapital.

Thereactionfromdevelopingcountrieswillbeanimportanttestofthenewstrategy.TherichercountriesofSoutheastAsia,LatinAmerica,NorthAfricaandtheMiddleEastarelikelytobemorereceptivethanpoorercountries,particularlyinsub-SaharanAfrica,wherethebankisnotpopular,andwherealmost50percentofbank-assistedprojectshavefailedduringthisdecade.

1.WhichofthefollowingisTrueaccordingtoParagraph1?

2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat().

3.Oneofthechallengesforraisingthehank’sresearchprofileliesin().

4.Theword“infrastructure”(Paragraph5)mostprobablyrefersto().

5.Thebesttitleofthepassagemaybe().

问题1选项

A.TheWorldBankusedtoattachimportancetoresearchintheearly1980s.

B.Thebank’sseniorexecutivesareinfavorofCharlesWeiss’spromotion.

C.Thebankisnowkeentoestablishanewdepartmentforscience.

D.JamesWolfensohnisthinkingaboututilizingthebank’sresearchresources.

问题2选项

A.top-rankedresearcherswereeagertoworkinoperations

B.thelendingwingisreluctanttoconsiderresearchasanindependentactivity

C.thenewstrategyhashadasuccessfulresultinsomedevelopedcountries

D.sciencehaslongbeenovershadowedbecausethebank’sresearchworkwasnotefficient

问题3选项

A.lackofinvestmentinscience

B.thereactionfromseniorexecutives

C.thelendingwing’snegativeattitude

D.lowcreditratings

问题4选项

A.thebasicfacilities,services,andinstallations

B.theinterrelationorarrangementofpartsinacomplexentity

C.anunderlyingbaseorfoundation

D.somethingconstructed

问题5选项

A.ResearchPortfoliooftheWorldBank

B.ANewStrategyoftheWorldBank

C.TensionbetweenTwoWings

D.Lending