考研考博-英语-南京特殊教育师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京特殊教育师范学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Cultureisoneofthemostchallengingelementsoftheinternationalmarketplace.Thissystemoflearnedbehaviorpatternscharacteristicofthemembersofagivensocietyisconstantlyshapedbyasetofdynamicvariables:language,religion,valuesandattitudes,mannersandcustoms,aesthetics,technology,education,andsocialinstitutions.Tocopewiththissystem,aninternationalmanagerneedsbothfactualandinterpretiveknowledgeofculture.Tosomeextent,thefactualknowledgecanbelearned;itsinterpretationcomesonlythroughexperience.

Themostcomplicatedproblemsindealingwiththeculturalenvironmentstemfromthefactthatonecannotlearnculture—onehastoliveit.Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.Insomecases,globalizationisafactoflife;however,culturaldifferencesarestillfarfromconverging.

Theotherschoolproposesthatcompaniesmusttailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures.Settinguppoliciesandproceduresineachcountryhasbeencomparedtoanorgantransplant;thecriticalquestioncentersaroundacceptanceorrejection.Themajorchallengetotheinternationalmanageristomakesurethatrejectionisnotaresultofculturalmyopiaorevenblindness.

Fortuneexaminedtheinternationalperformanceofadozenlargecompaniesthatearn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas.Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.Theyhavenotrushedintosituationsbutratherbuilttheiroperationscarefullybyfollowingthemostbasicbusinessprinciples.Theseprinciplesaretoknowyouradversary,knowyouraudience,andknowyourcustomer.

41.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrue?（）

42.Accordingtotheauthor,themodelofPepsi（）.

43.Thetwoschoolsofthought（）.

44.Thisarticleissupposedtobemostusefulforthose（）.

45.AccordingtoFortune,successfulinternationalcompanies（）.

问题1选项

A.Allinternationalmanagerscanlearnculture.

B.Businessdiversityisnotnecessary.

C.Viewsdifferonhowtotreatcultureinbusinessworld.

D.Mostpeopledonotknowforeignculturewell.

问题2选项

A.isinlinewiththetheoriesoftheschooladvocatingthebusinessisbusinesstheworldaround

B.isdifferentfromthemodelofMcDonald’s

C.showsthereverseofglobalization

D.hasconvergedculturaldifferences

问题3选项

A.bothproposethatcompaniesshouldtailorbusinessapproachestoindividualcultures

B.bothadvocatethatdfferentpoliciesbesetupindfferentcountries

C.admittheexistenceofculturaldiversityinbusinessworld

D.BothAandB

问题4选项

A.whoareinterestedinresearchingthetopicofculturaldiversity

B.whohaveconnectionstomorethanonetypeofculture

C.whowanttotravelabroad

D.whowanttorunbusinessonInternationalScale

问题5选项

A.earn20percentormoreoftheirrevenueoverseas

B.allhavethequalityofpatience

C.willfollowtheoverseaslocalcultures

D.adoptthepolicyofinternationalization

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】41.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段可知，文化在商业中是一个很具挑战性的因素。不同的国家与地区可能会有不同的文化体系。在商业中，应该怎样对待不同的文化，商业界存在着不同的看法。A选项“所有国际经理人都可以学习文化”，根据第一段最后一句话可知，有些知识只能根据经验获得，所以A选项太过绝对；B选项“商业多样性没有必要”说法错误；C选项“在商业世界中如何对待文化有不同的看法”符合题意；D选项“大多数人不了解外国文化”文中没有提到，因此C选项正确。

42.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题意可定位到文章第二段的第二、三句话“Twoschoolsofthoughtexistinthebusinessworldonhowtodealwithculturaldiversity.Oneisthatbusinessisbusinesstheworldaround,followingthemodelofPepsiandMcDonald’s.（在如何应对文化多样性的问题上，商界存在着两种思想流派。一是商业是世界商业，全球都在效仿百事和麦当劳的模式。）”。A选项“符合倡导商业是世界商业的学派的理论”符合题意；B选项“与麦当劳的模式不同”说法错误，两者在商业模式上相同；C选项“显示了全球化的反面”说法错误；D选项“融合了文化差异”文中没有提到。

43.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题意定位到文章的第二、三段。二、三段主要描述了两种商业思想流派。A选项“二者都建议公司应该根据个人文化来调整商业方法”说法错误，这只是第二种流派的建议；B选项“两者都主张在不同的国家应制定不同的政策”也只是第二种流派的建议；C选项“承认商业世界中存在着文化的多样性”符合题意；D选项“A和B都正确”错误，因此C选项正确。

44.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章主要关心的并不是研究多种文化形态，而是文化背景对商业运作的影响。A选项“对文化多样性研究感兴趣的人”不符合文章大意；B选项“与一种以上的文化有联系的人”不符合文章大意；C选项“想要出国旅行的人”不符合文章大意；D选项“想要在国际范围内经营生意的人”符合文章大意，因此D选项正确。

45.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段的第二句“Theinternationallysuccessfulcompaniesallshareanimportantquality:patience.（国际上成功的公司都有一个共同的重要品质：耐心。）”。A选项“海外收入占总收入的20%以上”只能说明公司很成功，并不是成功的原因；B选项“都有耐心的品质”符合题意；C选项“会跟随海外本土文化”和D选项“采取国际化政策”文中都没有提到，因此B选项正确。

2.单选题

Onecan’tbeapersonwithuprightfacialfeaturesiffilledwithenvyinhisheart,ifdishonest,or（

）saying.

问题1选项

A.skimpy

B.abstruse

C.iniquitous

D.mendacious

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查形容词词义辨析。skimpy“不足的；吝啬的”；abstruse“深奥的；难懂的”；iniquitous“邪恶的；不公正的”；mendacious“虚假的；说谎的”。句意：一个人心中如果充满嫉妒、不诚实或虚假的言语，那么其不可能有正直的面容。由句中的or可知，空格处所填的词与dishonest意思接近，故答案为D。

3.单选题

Canyoufind（）atthehotelforthenight?

问题1选项

A.lodgings

B.accommodations

C.places

D.houses

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。lodging“寄宿”；accommodation“住处，膳宿”；place“地方”；house“住宅，家庭”。句意：你今晚能在酒店找到地方住吗？B项符合题意。

4.单选题

Theteacherblamedhisstudentsforplayingpranksintheclassroom.

问题1选项

A.tricks

B.nudes

C.cribs

D.quips

【答案】A

【解析】句意：老师责备他的学生在教室里搞恶作剧。pranks指“恶作剧”。tricks诡计，骗局；nudes肉色针织物；cribs婴儿床，栅栏；quips妙语，讽刺语。选项A与之意思相近。

5.翻译题

(1)ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960and1970s.Governmentfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.(2)Asresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.

Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.(3)AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea’seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.(4)Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury.

Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina“racetothebottom”toattractmultinationalinvestment.(5)Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesorenforcedlabororenvironmentalprotections,multinationalsoftensimplyrelocatedproductiontoacountrywithlowercost.

【答案】1.中南美洲、非洲和亚洲的发展中国家曾经仅仅依靠出口原材料和经济作物换取制成品。

2.因此，产品无法在全球市场上与工业化国家的高质量产品竞争。

3.也像日本一样，他们专注于向外国消费者销售他们制造的产品，来为国家带来财富。

4.20世纪末，中国通过制造业出口的快速扩张，实现了经济的快速发展。

5.如果一个发展中国家或其人民要求更高的工资、实施劳动保护或环境保护，跨国公司通常只需要将生产转移到成本更低的国家。

6.单选题

Thepalmtreelookedasifit（

）foralongtime.

问题1选项

A.hasn’twatered

B.didn’twater

C.hadn’tbeenwatered

D.wasn’twatered

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。Asif引导一个表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气的句子。主语的谓语动词是一般过去时，因此虚拟语气的谓语动词要用过去完成时。选项C符合题意。

7.单选题

Wemustimprovethefarmingmethod______wemaygethighyields.

问题1选项

A.therefore

B.as.

C.inorderthat

D.if

【答案】C

【解析】考查词义辨析。A选项therefore“所以”，副词，修饰动词，后面不接句子；B选项as“因为”，连词，后面加句子；C选项inorderthat“为了；以便”，后面加从句；D选项if“如果”，连词，后面加句子。句意：______获得高产量，我们必须改进耕作方法。根据语境，这里提高产量是目的，C选项inorderthat“为了；以便”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife.Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare,andfewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion.

MostfashionmagazinesorTVadvertisementstrytopersuadeusthatweshoulddressinacertainwayorbehaveinacertainmanner.Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.Changingfashion,ofcourse,doesnotapplyjusttodress.Abarbertodaydoesnotcutaboy'shairinthesamewayasheusedto,andgirlsdonotmakeupinthesamewayastheirmothersandgrandmothersdid.Theadvertisersshowusthelatestfashionablestylesandweareconstantlyunderpressuretofollowthefashionincaseourfriendsthinkweareoddordull.

Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.Takehats,forexample.Incoldclimates,earlybuildingswerecoldinside,sopeopleworehatsindoorsaswellasoutside.Inrecenttimes;thelatePresidentKennedycausedadepressionintheAmericanhatindustrybynotwearinghats:moreAmericanmenfollowedhisexample.

Thereisalsoacyclicalpatterninfashion.Inthe1920sinEuropeandAmerica,shortskirtsbecamefashionable.AfterWorldWarTwo,theydroppedtoanklelength.Thentheygotshorterandshorteruntiltheminiskirtwasinfashion.Afterafewmoreyears,skirtsbecamelongeragain.

Today,societyismuchfreerandeasierthanitusedtobe.Itisnolongernecessarytodresslikeeveryoneelse.Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushouldbecauseitisthefashion.Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"lookseemstobeareactionagainsttheincreasinglyexpensivefashionsofthetopfashionhouse.

Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully.Itwouldbefoolishtogotoaninterviewforajobinalawfirmwearingjeansandasweater,anditwouldbediscourteoustovisitsomedistinguishedscholarlookingasifweweregoingtothebeachoranightclub.However,youneedneverfeeldepressedifyoudon'tlooklikethelatestfashionphoto.Lookaroundyouandyou’llseethatnooneelsedoeseither!

1.Theauthorthinksthatpeopleare（）.

2.FashionmagazinesandTVadvertisementsseemtolinkfashionto（）.

3.Causesoffashionsare（）.

4.Presentdaysocietyismuchfreerandeasierbecauseitemphasizes（）.

5.Whichisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?

问题1选项

A.satisfiedwiththeirappearance

B.concernedaboutappearanceinoldage

C.farfromneglectingwhatisinfashion

D.reluctanttofollowthetrendsinfashion

问题2选项

A.confidenceinlife

B.personaldress

C.individualhairstyle

D.personalfuture

问题3选项

A.uniform

B.varied

C.unknown

D.inexplicable

问题4选项

A.uniformity

B.formality

C.informality

D.individuality

问题5选项

A.Careaboutappearanceinformalsituations

B.Fashioninformalandinformalsituations

C.Ignoringappearanceininformalsituations

D.Ignoringappearanceinallsituations

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.事实细节题。A“对外表感到满意”与第一段中Fewofusarecontenttoacceptourselvesasweare“很少有人愿意接受我们本来的样子”；B“在意年老时候的外表”，根据文中第一段Howwelookandhowweappeartoothersprobablyworriesusmorewhenweareinourteensorearlytwentiesthanatanyothertimeinourlife“十几岁和二十几岁的我们比任何时期都更在意外在和在别人眼中的形象”可推断该选项不正确；C“完全不能忽视时尚”，文中第一段fewarebraveenoughtoignorethetrendsoffashion“几乎没人敢于忽视潮流”可知该选项符合题意；D“不愿意跟随时尚”错误。

2.事实细节题。A“生活中的信心”；B“个人衣着”；C“个人发型”；D“个人未来”。从文章第二段Ifwedo,theytellus,wewillbeabletomeetnewpeoplewithconfidenceanddealwitheverysituationconfidentlyandwithoutembarrassment.“如果我们照做，电视和杂志告诉我们，我们可以自信地去见新面孔，从容应对任何场合”可知选项A符合题意，故选A。

3.事实细节题。A“全部相同的”；B“多变的，各式各样的”；C“未知的”；D“难以解释的”。根据文章第三段中的Whatcausesfashionstochange?Sometimesconvenienceorpracticalnecessityorjustthefancyofaninfluentialpersoncanestablishafashion.“是什么引起时尚的改变？有时候便利或实际需求或仅仅对某个有影响力的人物的个人喜好都可以主导时尚”可知，改变时尚的因素是多种多样的，A、C、D三项均不符合题意，故选B。

4.判断推理题。A“单一性”；B“形式化”；C“非正式化，不拘泥于形式”；D“个性化”。根据第五段中Withinreason,youcandressasyoulikeordoyourhairthewayyoulikeinsteadofthewayyoushould“只要合理，你可以按照自己的喜好决定着装和发型，而不是你应该穿什么”及Thepopularityofjeansandthe"untidy"look...牛仔裤和不整洁外貌…”可知当今社会更自由和轻松因为当下强调“informality”，故选C。

5.判断推理题。A“在正式场合下要注重外表”；B“正式和非正式场合下的时尚”；C“在非正式场合下忽略外表”；D“在所有场合都忽略外表”。根据最后一段开头Atthesametime,appearanceisstillimportantincertaincircumstancesandthenwemustchooseourclothescarefully“同时，在某些特定的场合,外表依然非常重要,这时候我们必须非常认真地挑选服装”以及下文列举的两个服装与场合不合宜的反面例子，可知A“在正式场合下要注重外表”符合题意，故本题答案为A。

9.单选题

Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind.InthiswaytheNorthAmericanIndiansproducepemmican(driedmeatgroundintopowderandmadeintocakes),theScandinaviansmakestockfishandtheArabsdrieddatesand“apricotleather”.

Allfoodsincludingwatercabbageandotherleafvegetablescontainsasmuchas93%water,potatoesandotherrootvegetables80%,leanmeat75%andfish,anythingfrom80%to60%,dependingonhowfattyitis.Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked.

Fruitissun-driedinAsiaMinor,Greece,SpainandotherMediterraneancountries,andalsoinCalifornia.SouthAfricaandAustralia.Themethodsusedvary,butingeneral,thefruitisspreadoutontraysindryingyardsinthehotsun.Inordertopreventdarkening,pears,peachesandapricotsareexposedtothefumesofburningsulfurbeforedrying.Plums,formakingprunesandcertainvarietiesofgrapesformakingraisinsandcurrants,aredippedinanalkalinesolutioninordertocracktheskinsofthefruitslightlyandremovetheirwaxcoating,soastoIncreasetherateofdrying.

Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110°Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish.

Liquidssuchasmilk,coffee,tea,soupsandeggsmaybedriedbypouringthemoveraheatedsteelcylinderorbysprayingthemintoachamberthroughwhichacurrentofhotairpasses.Inthefirstcase,thedriedmaterialisscrapedofftherollerasathinfilmwhichisthenbrokenupintosmall,thoughstillrelativelycoarseflakes.Inthesecondprocessitfallstothebottomofthechamberasafinepowder.Whererecognizableplacesofmeatandvegetablesarerequired,asinsoup,theingredientsaredriedseparatelyandthenmixed.

Driedfoodstakeuplessroomandweighlessthanthesamefoodpackedincansorfrozen,andtheydonotneedtobestoredinspecialconditions.Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace.Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem.Usuallyitisjustacaseofreplacingthedried-outmoisturewithboilingwater.

1.Theopen-airmethodofdryingfood（）.

2.Bacteriawhichcausefoodtogobad（）.

3.Nowadaysvegetablesaremostcommonlydried（）.

4.Driedfoods（）.

5.Housewiveslikedriedfoodsbecausethey（）.

问题1选项

A.istheonemostcommonlyusedtoday

B.wasinventedbytheAmericanIndians

C.hasbeenknownforhundredsofyears

D.tendstobeunhygienic

问题2选项

A.cannotliveinsunlight

B.arekilledbydrying

C.areinnowaydependentonthewatercontent

D.havetheiractivitygreatlyreducedbydrying

问题3选项

A.onhorizontalcylinders

B.inhot-airchambers

C.inthesunandwind

D.usingtheopentraymethod

问题4选项

A.areoftenpackedincansorfrozen

B.areusedbysoldiersandclimbers

C.needmorestoragespacethansoldiersusuallyhaveavailable

D.aremuchcheaperthancannedorfrozenproducts

问题5选项

A.arequicktoprepare

B.tastebetter

C.canbepreservedbyboilinginwater

D.lookfreshandappetizingwhencooked

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。第一句指出:Centuriesago,mandiscoveredthatremovingmoisturefromfoodhelpstopreserveit,andthattheeasiestwaytodothisistoexposethefoodtosunandwind(几个世纪前，人类就发现了可以通过除去食物中的水分来达到储存的目的，并且最简单的除去水分的方法就是将食物暴露于阳光和风下面)，因此C项“已经知道几个世纪了”正确。

第2题:细节事实题。第二段指出:Ifthiswaterisremoved,theactivityofthebacteriawhichcausefoodtogobadischecked(如果水分被除去，导致食物变质的细菌的活动将会受阻)。因此D项“它们的活性会因为干燥而大大降低”正确。

第3题:细节事实题。第四段指出:Nowadaysmostfoodsaredriedmechanically.Theconventionalmethodofsuchdehydrationistoputfoodinchambersthroughwhichhotairisblownattemperaturesofabout110'Catentrytoabout43°Catexit.Thisistheusualmethodfordryingsuchthingsasvegetables,mincedmeat,andfish(如今都采用机械化方式风干食物。这种脱水的传统方法是把食物放在室内，在大约110摄氏度的入口温度，大约43摄氏度的出口温度下吹入热空气。这种风干方法通常用来风干像蔬菜、肉末以及鱼之类的食物)。因此B项“热空气室”正确。

第4题:细节事实题。最后一段指出:Forthesereasonstheyareinvaluabletotheclimbers,explorersandsoldiersinbattle,whohavelittlestoragespace(基于这些原因，它们对攀登者、探险者和战场上的士兵来说是无价的，因为他们几乎没有存储空间)。因此答案为B项“供士兵和登山者使用”。

第5题:细节事实题。最后一段指出了原因:Theyarealsopopularwithhousewivesbecauseittakessolittletimetocookthem(它们也很受家庭主妇的欢迎，因为烹饪这些风干了的食物只需要花很少的时间)。因此A项“很快就可以做好”正确。

10.单选题

IX.ForensicAppraisal

ManycriminalprocedurescholarswhovaguelyfollowedtheKingcasehadahardtimeunderstandingwhatthefusswasabout.Theirpositionmightbesummedupbythemajority’sassertionthat“DNAidentificationisanadvancedtechniquesuperiortofingerprintinginmanyways,somuchsothattoinsistonfingerprintsasthenormwouldmakelittlesensetoeithertheforensicexpertoralayperson.”ConsideringthattheFBIdatabasecontainsover100millionsetsoffingerprints,andthatitprocessedmorethan61millionten-printsubmissionsin2010alone,thisequationofDNAidentificationwithfingerprinttechnologysuggestsabrightfutureforlawenforcement’sDNAcollectionpractices.Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?

ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.Inshort,thepriorPartarguesthattheKingopinioncanbereadasanembraceofexpansiveforensicDNAtesting.

KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy,butsimplyanexpressionoftheCourt’slackofsolicitudeforthoseentangledinthecriminaljusticesystem.ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.

1.Fromthefirstparagraph,onecanknowthatfingerprintis___andDNAis___.

2.WhichoneisNOTamisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtyping?

3.TheauthorthinksthattheKingcase___.

4.FromwhichofthefollowingcanyouseethattheauthorthinksthattheissuefortheCourtwasnotthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen”?

问题1选项

A.genetic,biometric

B.biometric,genetic

C.genetic,genetictoo

D.biometric,biometrictoo

问题2选项

A.DNAtypingwillnotbeofconcerntoordinarypeople.

B.ThemoreDNAsamplesfromindividualsarecollected,morecrimeswillbesolved.

C.Policewillnotlookintosensitiveorprivategeneticinformation.

D.AlotofcrimeswillbesolvedifmoreDNAsamplesarecollectedfromknownindividuals.

问题3选项

A.isastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsampling

B.astatementaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees

C.acasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrant

D.isadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy

问题4选项

A.DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.

B.ConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee.

C.TheConstitutionpermitsthestatetoimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacy.

D.TheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:B

第3题:A

第4题:B

【解析】1.推理判断题。根据题干定位到第一段Sowhatdifferencewoulditmakeifpolicehadmillionpeople’sgenetic,ratherthanbiometric,material?（那么，如果警方拥有的是数百万人的基因资料，而不是生物特征资料，会有什么不同呢?）可以推测出DNA信息为基因资料，指纹信息为生物特征资料，选B选项“生物特征识别的；基因的”；A选项“基因的；生物特征识别的”，C选项“基因的；基因的”，D选项“生物特征识别的；生物特征识别的”都不符合原文。因此B选项正确。

2.事实细节题。定位到原文第二段ThisPartaddressesthreemisconceptionsaboutforensicDNAtypingthatpermeatetheKingopinion:first,thatDNAtypingwillonlybeofconcerntocriminals;second,thatthepolicewillnotprobesensitiveorprivategeneticinformation,andthatlawsprotectagainstmisuse;andthird,thatcollectingmoreDNAsamplesfromknownindividualswillsolvealotofcrime.（本部分论述了贯穿金观点的关于法医DNA分型的三个误解：首先，DNA分型只会引起罪犯的关注；第二，警方不会调查敏感或私人的基因信息，法律保护不被滥用；第三，从已知个体中收集更多的DNA样本将破获很多犯罪）可知A选项“普通人不会关心DNA分型”，C选项“警方不会调查敏感或私人的基因信息”以及D选项“如果从已知的个体中收集更多的DNA样本，很多犯罪将会被解决”和原文对应；B选项“从个人身上收集的DNA样本越多，侦破的案件就越多”原文未提及。因此B选项符合题意。

3.事实细节题。根据第三段第一句KingmightbeviewedlessasastatementaboutthelegalstatusofDNAsamplingthanaboutthelegalstatusofarrestees.（King可能被看作是一个关于DNA取样的法律地位的声明，而不是关于被捕者的法律地位）可知选A选项“是关于DNA取样的法律地位的声明”，同时可知B选项“关于被逮捕者的法律地位的声明”和原文相悖；第三段ItcouldbeseenassimplyanaturaloutgrowthofSamsonv.California,thecasethatjustifiedrandomsearchesofparoleeswithoutawarrantorsuspicionbasedontheirdiminishedstatusassubjectswithconditionalliberty.（它可以被简单地看作是萨姆森诉加州案的自然结果，在这个案件中，基于假释者作为有条件自由的主体地位的下降，在没有搜查令或怀疑的情况下对他们进行随机搜查是合理的）可知C选项“一个没有搜查令就对假释犯进行随机搜查的案件”错误，萨姆森诉加州案才是一个没有搜查令就对假释犯进行随机搜查的案件；第三段Inthistelling,Kingisnotadeclarationofgeneraldisinterestingeneticprivacy（在这段讲述中，金并不是一个对基因隐私普遍不感兴趣的宣言）可知D选项“是对基因隐私普遍不感兴趣的声明”和原文相悖。因此A选项正确。

4.推理判断题。定位到最后一段末ButifwhatdecidedtheissuefortheCourtwasthatarresteesdeservelessprotectionthan“theaveragecitizen,”thenitseemsthattheCourtcouldhaveresteditsopiniononthosegroundsalone.Inotherwords,theCourtcouldhavesaid,“DNAtestingisaseriousandsignificantintrusiononbodilyintegrity.ButtheConstitutionpermitsthestate,withacompellingenoughinterest,toimpingeonthemostfundamentalaspectsofbodilyprivacywhenitcomestoarrestees.Thus,theConstitutionpermitstheDNAsamplingofanarrestee,despitetheseriousnessoftheintrusioninvolved.”Itcouldhavewalledofftheopinionasacategoricalexceptionthatappliesonlytoconvictedoffendersandarrestees,anddeclaredthelaw-abidingpublic’sDNAoutofbounds.（但是，如果决定最高法院的问题是被逮捕者应得到比“一般公民”更少的保护，那么似乎最高法院可以仅以这些理由作为其意见的依据。换句话说，最高法院可以说，“DNA检测是对身体完整性的严重而重大的侵犯。但是，当涉及到被捕者时，宪法允许国家以足够令人信服的利益侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面。因此，《宪法》允许对被逮捕者进行DNA取样，尽管所涉入侵的情况很严重。”它本可以将这一观点作为只适用于已定罪的罪犯和被逮捕者的绝对例外加以隔离，并宣布守法公众的DNA是不可侵犯的。）可知选B选项“宪法允许对被捕者进行DNA取样”，原文所说是宪法允许国家以足够令人信服的利益侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面，C选项“宪法允许国家侵犯身体隐私的最基本方面”和原文有偏差；A选项“DNA测试是对身体完整性的严重而重要的侵犯”和D选项“法院本可以仅以这些理由作为其意见的依据”是在最高法院的问题是被逮捕者应得到比“一般公民”更少的保护的情况下成立，和题目相悖。因此B选项正确。

11.单选题

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto（）theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

问题1选项

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项refresh“振作，恢复活力”；B选项restore“恢复，修复”，强调恢复原貌；C选项renovate“更新，修复”，强调整修一新；D选项renew“使更新，使修复”。句意：为了使大教堂恢复昔日的辉煌，进行了大量的工作。由选项意思和句意可知，B选项符合句意。

12.单选题

Topreventfloodinginwinterthewaterflowingfromthedamisconstantly（

）byacomputer.

问题1选项

A.managed

B.graded

C.monitored

D.conducted

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项managed“管理，调教”；B选项graded“分级”；C选项monitored“检测，监听”；D选项conducted“管理，引导，指挥”。句意：为了防止冬季发洪水，大坝的水流经常被电脑（）。现实中洪水和电脑之间的关系只有检测关系，所以答案应该选C。

13.单选题

Thesceneissobeautifulthatit（）mypowerofdescription.

问题1选项

A.transports

B.transfers

C.transcends

D.transforms

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A项transport“运送”，B项transfer“转移”，C项transcend“胜过，超越”，D项transform“改变，转换”。句意：这景色是如此美丽，我无法用语言来形容。根据句意，该题选C正确。

14.单选题

Thisisbuta________ofthetotalamountofinformationwhichtheteenagerhasstored.

问题1选项

A.friction

B.fraction

C.faction

D.fracture

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项“friction”，意为“摩擦力，摩擦”，B选项“fraction”，意为“分数，部分”；C选项“faction”，意为“派别，小集团”，D选项“fracture”，意为“破裂，断裂”，句意：这只是青少年所储存的全部信息的一小部分。因此，B选项符合句意。

15.单选题

Wehaven’tseenourneighborforoveraweek.They______onatripabroad.

问题1选项

A.couldgo

B.mustgo

C.mayhavegone

D.shouldhavegone

【答案】C

【解析】考查情态动词的使用。A选项could表示过去的时间会做某事；B选项must表示必须做某事，C选项mayhavedone表示对过去所发生动作的猜测，D选项shouldhavedone表示本应该做某事而没做。句意：我们已经一个多星期没见到邻居了。他们可能去国外旅行了。本句表示对过去动作的猜测。因此C选项正确。

16.单选题

Asensitivepersonisonewhoiseasilyhurtor（）bythings