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书山有路勤为径,学海无涯苦作舟!住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-南京艺术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解(图片大小可自由调整)全文为Word可编辑,若为PDF皆为盗版,请谨慎购买!第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Thosewerethesoldiers(

)tosavethetown.

问题1选项

A.whoseresponsibilitywas

B.inwhomtherewasaresponsibility

C.whosewastheresponsibility

D.fromwhomtheresponsibilitycame

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。句意:这些士兵的()是保卫城镇。根据句意答案选A;关系代词whose在定语从句中职能作状语,不能作主语,所以C选项错误;介词+whom/which在定语从句中一般作状语,D选项不符语法,B选项不符题意。而且responsibility一般不与in搭配。

2.单选题

Itwas()thattherestaurantdiscriminatedagainstblackcustomers.

问题1选项

A.addicted

B.alleged

C.assaulted

D.ascribed

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。addict“上瘾的”;allege“宣称,断言”;assault“攻击,袭击”;ascribe“归因于,归咎于”。句意:据称,这家饭店歧视黑人顾客。B项符合题意。

3.单选题

Thedirectionswereso(

)thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

问题1选项

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。ingenious“机灵的”;ambitious“有野心的”;notorious“臭名昭著的”;ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意:说明内容模糊不清,因此无法完成这项任务。选项D符合题意。

4.单选题

Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedoneby(

)thedisenfranchised.

问题1选项

A.managers

B.dogmatists

C.imposters

D.specialists

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。disenfranchised被剥夺公民权的;manager“经理;管理人员”;dogmatist“教条主义者;独断家;独断论者”;imposter“骗子;冒名顶替者”;specialist“专家;专门医师”。句意:在社会和文化稳定时期,很多艺术学院如此牢固地被教条主义者控制,以至于所有真正有创造性的工作都由被剥夺了公民权的人来完成。由allrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythedisenfranchised.可知B项符合题意。

5.单选题

Thebedhasbeen(

)inthefamily.Itwasmygreat-grandmother’soriginally.

问题1选项

A.handedout

B.handedover

C.handeddown

D.handedround

【答案】C

【解析】词组辨析题。handout分发,施舍;handover上交,移交;handdown宣布;流传下来;handround分发,传递。

句意:这张床是我们家流传下来的。它原本是我曾祖母的。选项C更符合语境。

6.单选题

Noagreementwasreachedinthediscussionasneithersidewouldgivewayto(

问题1选项

A.theother

B.anyother

C.another

D.other

【答案】A

【解析】句意:讨论中,双方未达成协议,因为双方都不愿意让步。

代词辨析。由句中neitherside推断出有两方,两方中另一方用theother。

7.单选题

Culturalnormssocompletelysurroundpeople,sopermeatethoughtandaction,thatweneverrecognizetheassumptionsonwhichtheirlivesandtheirsanityrest.Asoneobserverputit,ifbirdsweresuddenlyendowedwithscientificcuriositytheymightexaminemanythings,buttheskyitselfwouldbeoverlookedasasuitablesubject;iffishweretobecomecuriousabouttheworld,itwouldneveroccurtothemtobeginbyinvestigatingwater.Forbirdsandfishwouldtaketheskyandseaforgranted,unawareoftheirprofoundinfluencebecausetheycomprisethemediumforeveryfact.Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.Somuchsothattheyrarelynoticethatthewaystheyinterpretandtalkabouteventsaredistinctivelydifferentfromthewayspeopleconducttheiraffairsinothercultures.

Aslongaspeopleremainblindtothesourcesoftheirmeanings,theyareimprisonedwithinthem.Theseculturalframesofreferencearenolessconfiningsimplybecausetheycannotbeseenortouched.Whetheritisanindividualneurosisthatkeepsanindividualoutofcontactwithhisneighbors,oracollectiveneurosisthatseparatesneighborsofdifferentcultures,bothareformsofblindnessthatlimitwhatcanbeexperiencedandwhatcanbelearnedfromothers.

Itwouldseemthateverywherepeoplewoulddesiretobreakoutoftheboundariesoftheirownexperientialworlds.Theirabilitytoreactsensitivelytoawiderspectrumofeventsandpeoplesrequiresanovercomingofsuchculturalparochialism.But,infact,fewattainthisbroadervision.Some,ofcourse,havelittleopportunityforwiderculturalexperience,thoughthisconditionshouldchangeasthemovementofpeopleaccelerates.Othersdonottrytowidentheirexperiencebecausetheyprefertheoldandfamiliar,seekfromtheiraffairsonlyfurtherconfirmationofthecorrectnessoftheirownvalues.Stillothersrecoilfromsuchexperiencesbecausetheyfeelitdangeroustoprobetoodeeplyintothepersonalorculturalunconscious.Exposuremayrevealhowtenuousandarbitrarymanyculturalnormsare;suchexposuremightforcepeopletoacquirenewbasesforinterpretingevents.Andevenforthemanywhodoseekactivelytoenlargethevarietyofhumanbeingswithwhomtheyarecapableofcommunicatingtherearestilldifficulties.

Culturalmyopiapersistsnotmerelybecauseofinertiaandhabit,butchieflybecauseitissodifficulttoovercome.Oneacquiresapersonalityandacultureinchildhood,longbeforeheiscapableofcomprehendingeitherofthem.Tosurvive,eachpersonmasterstheperceptualorientations,cognitivebiases,andcommunicativehabitsofhisownculture.Butoncemastered,objectiveassessmentofthesesameprocessesisawkwardsincethesamemechanismsthatarebeingevaluatedmustbeusedinmakingtheevaluations.

1.Theexamplesofbirdsandfishareusedto()

2.Theterm"parochialism"(Line3,Para.3)mostpossiblymeans()

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthelasttwoparagraphsthat()

4.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

5.Thepassagemightbeentitled“()''

问题1选项

A.showthatthey,too,havetheirrespectivecultures

B.explainhumansoccupyasymbolicuniverseasbirdsandfishoccupytheskyandthesea

C.illustratethathumanbeingsareunawareoftheculturalcodesgoverningthem

D.demonstratethesimilaritybetweenman,birds,andfishintheirwaysofthinking

问题2选项

A.open-mindedness

B.provincialism

C.superiority

D.discrimination

问题3选项

A.everyonewouldliketowidentheirculturalscopeiftheycan

B.theobstaclestoovercomingculturalparochialismliemainlyinpeople'shabitofthinking

C.providedone'sbroughtupinaculture,hemaybewithbiasinmakingculturalevaluations

D.childhoodisanimportantstageincomprehendingculture

问题4选项

A.Individualandcollectiveneurosismightpreventcommunicationswithothers.

B.Peopleindifferentculturesmaybegovernedbythesameculturalnorms.

C.People'svisionswillbeenlargedifonlytheyknewthatculturaldifferencesexist.

D.Ifculturalnormsaresomethingtangible,theywon'tbesoconfining.

问题5选项

A.HowtoOvercomeCulturalMyopia

B.BehavioralPatternsandCulturalBackground

C.HarmsofCulturalMyopia

D.CulturalMyopia-ADeep-rootedCollectiveNeurosis

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:C

第4题:A

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:根据第一段的倒数第二句“Humanbeings,inasimilarlyway,occupyasymbolicuniversegovernedbycodesthatareunconsciouslyacquiredandautomaticallyemployed.”,选项C符合原文。

第2题:根据第三段的一、二句,似乎在任何地方,人们都渴望打破自己的经验世界的界限。他们对更广泛的事件和人民作出敏感反应的能力需要克服这种文化狭隘主义。“culturalparochialism”是指文化的狭隘主义,选项B更符合原文。

第3题:根据最后两段的内容以及关键词“culturalparochialism”、“culturalmyopia”可以推测,如果一个人长期生活在一种文化环境中,在做文化评论的时候会有偏见。选项C符合原文。

第4题:根据第二段的最后一句“Whetheritis...fromothers.”,它限制了我们所能体验到的,也限制了我们从他人身上学到的东西,也就是阻碍了与他人的沟通交流,选项A正确。

第5题:根据全文内容,主要是讲文化局限的定义和背景,所以选项D更贴切。

8.单选题

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned——andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow.“Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,”saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsateightpercentinterestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaroundfivepercentayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85percentofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwouldhavehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension,()

2.Ifoneleavesearlybeforehisplan'snormalretirementage,()

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto()

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

问题1选项

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

问题2选项

A.he'lltake90percentofthetotalamountofhispension

B.he'llhavehalfofhispensionpayments

C.he'llhavehispensionpaymentreducedby5%ayear

D.he'llhaveonly85percentofhisfullpension

问题3选项

A.earnlessinterest.

B.bebetteroffthanwithatraditionalpension.

C.startinvestmentimmediately.

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits.

问题4选项

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed.

B.TheRetirementDilemma.

C.LeaveEarly,LoseBig.

D.TakethePensionwithYou.

问题5选项

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30ths.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlastbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:B

【解析】第1题:根据第一段,当一个人带着传统的养老金离开工作岗位时,他会有一定金额的养老金。选项D正确。

第2题:根据第五段的第二句,相反,你可以根据雇主的决定得到5%左右的精算减值。选项C正确。

第3题:根据最后一段,当你提前退休并制定固定缴款计划时,问题是你开始把钱花在可以赚取利息的投资上,如果你在55岁退休,开始使用传统的养老金,到65岁时,你将只有你一直工作到65岁时的一半。选项A正确。

第4题:根据最后三段的内容可知,主要是讲提前退休将会损失更多,所以选项C正确。

第5题:根据第二段“theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.”所以选项B错误。

9.单选题

Whenwecreditthesuccessfulpeoplewithintelligence,physicalstrengthorgoodluck,wearemakingexcusesforourselvesbecausewefall(

)inallthree.

问题1选项

A.rare

B.lacking

C.short

D.scarce

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。rare“稀罕的”;lacking“缺乏的;匮乏的”;short“缺乏的”;scarce“不足的”。句意:当我们知晓成功人士拥有智力、体力和好运时,我们在为自己找借口,因为我们缺少这三样。fallshort固定搭配,意思是“缺乏”,选项C符合题意。

10.单选题

Atthissinglepointintheinterior,therehasbeeninsomefardistantage,agreatsuddenvolcanic().

问题1选项

A.uprising

B.uplifting

C.upheaval

D.upbringing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。uprising“升起的”;uplifting“令人振奋的”;upheaval“剧变”;upbringing“教养,抚育”。本句意为“内陆的这个地方,在遥远的年代曾发生过巨大的火山剧变”,upheaval符合题意。因此C正确。

11.单选题

Theeditorspenthours()everysinglepageofthatthicknovel,lookingfortheslightesterror.

问题1选项

A.decorating

B.remedying

C.scrutinizing

D.shattering

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。decorate“装饰;布置”;remedy“补救;纠正”;scrutinize“详细检查”;shatter“粉碎”。根据everysinglepage(每一页),以及lookingfortheslightesterror(寻找最细微的错误),可知是对整部小说进行仔细检查,因此选项C符合题意。

12.单选题

Aproductistoberegardedasbeing()whenintroducedintothecommerceofanothercountryatlessthanitsnormalvalue.

问题1选项

A.discharged

B.discarded

C.disposed

D.dumped

【答案】D

【解析】上下文语义。句意:一种产品以低于正常价值的价格进入另一国家的贸易时,被认为是。根据语境可知,这里应填入与进出口货物相关的词汇。dump指倾销,符合语境,选项D正确。

13.翻译题

Throughouthistorynewtechnologieshaverevolutionizedwarfare,sometimesabruptly,sometimesonlygradually:thinkofgunpowder,aircraft,radarandnuclearfission.Soithasbeenwithinforma-tiontechnology.ComputersandtheinternethavetransformedeconomiesandgivenWesternarmiesgreatadvantages,suchastheabilitytosendremotelypilotedaircraftacrosstheworldtogatherintelli-genceandattacktargets.(1).Butthespreadofdigitaltechnologycomesatacost:itexposesarmiesandsocietiestodigitalattack.Somescenarios(电影)imaginethealmostinstantaneousfailureofthesystemsthatkeepthe

modern

worldturning.Ascomputernetworkscollapse,factoriesandchemicalplantsexplode,satellitesspinoutofcontrolandthefinancialandpowergridsfail.Cyberspacehasbecomethefifthdomainofwarfare,afterland,sea,airandspace.

ThecyberattacksonEstoniain2007andonGeorgiain2008(thelatterstrangelyhappenedtocoincidewiththeadvanceofRussiantroopsacrosstheCaucasus)arewidelyassumedtohavebeendi-rectedbytheKremlin(克里姆林宫),buttheycouldbetracedonlytoRussiancyber-criminals.ManyofthecomputersusedintheattackbelongedtoinnocentAmericanswhosePCshadbeenhi-jacked.CompaniessuspectChinaoforganizingmini-raidstoransackWesternknow-how:butitcouldjusthaveeasilybeenWesterncriminals,computer-hackersshowingoffordisillusionedformeremploy-ees.(2).OnereasonwhyWesterngovernmentshaveuntilrecentlybeenreticentaboutcyber-espio-nage(间谍)issurelybecausetheyaredabhandsatit,too.

Cyber-weaponsarebeingdevelopedsecretly,withoutdiscussionofhowandwhentheymightbeused.(3).Ifcyberarms-controlistoAmerica’sadvantage,itwouldbewisetoshadesuchaccords(协议)whileitstillhastheupperhandincyberspace.Inthemeantime,however,countriesshouldagreeonmodestaccords,orevenjustinformal“rulesoftheroad”thatwouldraisethepoliticalcostofcy-ber-attacks.Perhapstherecouldbeadealtopreventthecrude“denial-of-service”assaultsthatbroughtdownEstonianandGeorgianwebsiteswithamassofbogus(伪造的)requestsforinforma-tion;NATOandtheEuropeanUnioncouldmakeitclearthatattacksincyberspace,asintherealworld,willprovokearesponse:theUNorsignatoriesoftheGenevaConventionscoulddeclarethatcyber-attacksoncivilianfacilitiesare,likephysicalattackswithbombandbullet,outofboundsinwar;richcountriescouldexerteconomicpressureonstatesthatdonotadoptmeasurestofightonlinecriminals.Countriesshouldbeencouragedtospellouttheirmilitarypoliciesincyberspace,asAmeri-cadoesfornuclearweapons,missiledefenseandspace.(4).Andtherecouldbeaninternationalcen-tretomonitorcyber-attacks,oraninternationaldutytoassistcountriesundercyber-attacks,regard-lessofthenationalityormotiveoftheattacker—akintothedutyofshipstohelpmariners(水手)indistress.

Theinternetisnota“commons”,butanetworkofnetworksthataremostlyprivatelyowned.Alotcouldalsobeachievedbygreaterco-operationbetweengovernmentsandtheprivatesector.(5)Butintheendmoreoftheburdenforensuringthatordinarypeople’scomputersystemsarenotco-optedbycriminalsorcyber-warriorswillendupwiththelatter—especiallytheinternet-serviceprovidersthatrunthenetwork.Theycouldtakemoreresponsibilityforidentifyinginfectedcomputersandspottingattacksastheyhappen.

【答案】1.但是数字技术的传播是有代价的:它使军队和社会面临数字攻击。一些电影想象出了维持现代社会运转的各个系统几乎瞬时崩溃的场景。

2.西方政府直到最近都对网络间谍活动保持沉默,原因之一是他们自己也是内行。

3.如果网络军备控制对美国有利,那么在它在网络空间仍占上风时指定这样的协议是明智的。

4.还应建立国际中心以监控网络攻击,或者承担救援遭遇网络袭击的国家的国际责任,不管攻击者的国籍或动机如何,就像船舶有援助遇险的水手的责任一样。

5.

但最终,确保普通人的电脑系统不被犯罪分子和网络战士占为己有的重任将更多地落到后者身上——尤其是运营网络服务的提供商。

14.单选题

Arecentsurveysuggestedthatifmoneywerenotanissue,mostmothers________nottoworkatall.

问题1选项

A.shouldprefer

B.prefer

C.wouldprefer

D.preferred

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气的用法。选项里面都有prefer,句意是:一项调查显示如果不是因为经济问题,多数母亲更愿意选择不工作。从if可以联想到条件句,后面接的是were,可知这是个虚拟的条件,否则be动词形式我们会选was或者is,因虚拟语气的主句谓语形式是would+原形或者wouldhavedone,所以B和D不能选,should的本意是“应该”,would的意思是“将会”,选would句意会更加贴切,所以我们应该选C。

15.填空题

I’msurprisedthatshehasagreedtomarryJohn.Iknewthathe(1)goingtopropose,butI(2)hertosayno.I(3)whatledhertoaccepthisoffer.She’scertainlynotinlovewithhim!

【答案】1.was

2.considered

3.wonder

【解析】1.固定搭配。begoingtodo打算做…,前面的谓语动词knew用的过去式,因此这里也用过去式was。

2.固定搭配。

considersb.todosth.认为某人会…。

3.语义题。句意:我在想是什么让她决定接受他的求婚的。

16.单选题

Inthe19th-century,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Thereareallthesetorrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstokeepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.

Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan’tchangeyourbehaviorbysimplyresolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit.Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It’smorelikeamuscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you’reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisovereating,you’llprobablydoso,too.

The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,weknowthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimplebecausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol.Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDukeUniversitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit,notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofhabits—cue,routine,reward.

Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that’llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don’ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnackcraving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk.

Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatetheneuralnetworksinside.

Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownunconscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomeslightlymanipulative,includingyourrelationshipwithyourself.You’retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcertaincues.

Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbymereroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstrengthenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.

Ifyouthinkyoucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you’reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don’tjustlookforaclevercue.Committosomelargerglobalbelief.

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.

问题1选项

A.Passion.

B.Determination.

C.Capability.

D.Action.

问题2选项

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrol

问题3选项

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.

问题4选项

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines

问题5选项

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfully

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdo

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:C

【解析】21.【选项释义】

21.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?21.以下哪一项是19世纪性格模范的关键因素?

A.Passion.A.激情,热情

B.Determination.B.决心

C.Capability.C.能力

D.Action.D.行动

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键词the19th-centurycharactermodel定位第一段倒数第二句“作为灵魂的船长,你的工作就是建立水坝来控制这些激情(keepthesepassionsincheck)”,以及最后一句“你的工作就是对懒惰、欲望、贪婪、吸毒和其他罪恶说不(sayno)”,可知,在19世纪,最首要的性格模范就是“决心”,B项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项属于出处错位,性格模范的关键因素就是决心控制激情;

C、D选项在该处没有提及,属于无中生有。

22.【选项释义】

22.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.22.19世纪的性格模范被认为是行不通的,原因是______。

A.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetimeA.它在大多数时候都没有令人满意地发挥作用

B.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundlessB.将自由意志比作大坝是毫无根据的

C.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefullyC.人们应该仔细考虑自己想做什么

D.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone’scontrolD.还有许多其他因素超出了一个人的控制

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】定位第三段第二句“今天,我们知道自由意志是有限的”,以及第三句“人们可以改变自己的生活,但有序的改变并不简单,因为很多事情(manythings),甚至是我们自身的事情,都超出了我们的直接控制(beyondourdirectcontrol)”,可知,因为很多因素都超出了直接的控制,所以难以有序的改变生活,D项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项没有提及,属于无中生有;

B选项定位第二段第四句“你的意志力不像水坝,不能阻挡任性的洪流”,可知,文中并没有提到将自由意志比作大坝是groundless,该项曲解原文;

C选项表述与原文不符,属于曲解原文。

23.【选项释义】

23.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?23.杜克大学的这项研究的主要意义是什么?

A.Habitiskeytoone’sbehaviour.A.习惯是一个人行为的关键。

B.One’sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.B.一个人的行为很难改变。

C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.C.习惯和意志力都很重要。

D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.D.习惯有一个未知的结构。

【考查点】推理判断题。

【解题思路】根据关键信息DukeUniversity定位第三段第四句“例如,我们的许多行为都是由潜意识习惯引导的(guidedbyunconscioushabits)”,以及第五句“杜克大学的研究人员计算出,超过40%的行为是由习惯决定的(governedbyhabit),而不是实际的决定”,可知,很多的行为都是习惯导致的,A项正确。

【干扰项排除】

B选项没有提及,属于无中生有;

C选项属于反向干扰,杜克大学的研究就是“大部分行为由习惯决定”,所以该项中的willpower不符合原文;

D选项在第三段最后一句有提到,“习惯的结构是:线索、例行公事和奖励”,该项属于反向干扰。

24.【选项释义】

24.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough______.24.根据新的性格模范,个人行为可以通过______改变。

A.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponsesA.通过暗示来操纵习惯性的神经反应

B.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabitsB.通过暗示停止所有之前无意识的习惯

C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcuesC.通过技巧来设计不同的身体暗示

D.techniquestosupplementoldroutinesD.通过技巧来补充旧的习惯

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】根据题干定位第六段第二句“你应该设计策略来改变暗示和惯例(devisestrategiestoalterthecuesandroutines)”,可知,新的性格典范是通过设计策略提供暗示改变自己的行为习惯,所以C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项定位第五段“因此,他们的研究暗示了一种不同的性格典范,该典范被认为可以操纵内部的神经网络(manipulatetheneuralnetworksinside)”,可知A项中的neuralresponses和neuralnetworks并不相符,该项曲解原文;

B选项中的stop和原文中的alter并不相符,属于曲解原文;

D选项中的supplement和原文中的alter并不相符,也属于曲解原文。

25.【选项释义】

25.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.25.从文章中我们得知,新的性格典范______。

A.hasbeenusedchangebehavioursuccessfullyA.已经成功地改变了行为

B.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviourB.更好地处理行为的情感方面

C.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchangeC.强调习惯改变的神经和心理方面

D.canbringaboutchangesinone’slifelikewhatadvertisersdoD.可以给人的生活带来改变,就像广告商做的那样

【考查点】事实细节题。

【解题思路】定位倒数第二段,第一句“这有点令人不安,因为重要的习惯性神经网络不仅仅是由惯例形成的(notformedbymereroutine),也不可能由聪明的暗示逆转”,以及第二句“它们被情感所燃烧(burnedinbyemotion),被强烈的渴望所强化(strengthenedbystrongyearnings),就像对赞美和正义的渴望一样”,可知,新的性格典范重视习惯改变的神经和心理的方面,C项正确。

【干扰项排除】

A选项文中并没有提到成功改变了行为,属于无中生有;

B选项也没有提到,属于无中生有;

D选项定位到最后一段第一句“如果你认为你可以用一种聪明的方式改变你的生活,就像广告商让你买空气清新剂那样,你可能错了”,可知,该项与原文相反,属于反向干扰。

17.单选题

Hebelievedinconventionalbehaviorswhich______tothehigheststandards.

问题1选项

A.confirmed

B.confronted

C.conformed

D.affirmed

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项confirmed“确认;确定;证实;批准;使巩固”;B选项confronted“面对;遭遇;比较”;C选项conformed“符合;遵照;适应环境;使遵守;使一致;使顺从”;D选项affirmed“肯定;断言;确认”。句意:他相信符合最高标准的传统行为。因此C选项正确。

18.单选题

Intheinterestofnationalsecurity,thefederalgovernment______carriedoutitspsychicpetprogramatasecretand______location.

问题1选项

A.cogently…immaterial

B.stealthily…timorous

C.covertly…clandestine

D.blatantly…notorious

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.cogently…immaterial痛切地,中肯地……无形的,不重要的B.stealthily…timorous暗地里……胆怯的,胆小的

C.covertly…clandestine秘密地,偷偷摸摸地……私密的D.blatantly…notorious公然地,喧闹地……声名狼藉的

【答案】C

【考查点】副词和形容词辨析。

【解题思路】第二个空格处和secret为并列成分,所以推测第二个空格与secret的词义相近,选项中clandestine符合句意;从而也可以得出第一个空格处的副词表示“秘密地”。因此,该题选择C项。

【干扰项排除】A、B、D项不符合句意。

【句意】为了国家利益安全,联邦政府在一个秘密的地方秘密地执行了它的灵宠计划。

19.单选题

Inquiries()theconditionofpatientsmaybemadepersonallyorbytelephone.

问题1选项

A.regarding

B.considering

C.following

D.relating

【答案】A

【解析】考查介词辨析。A选项regarding“关于,至于”,B选项considering“考虑到,就...而言”,C选项following“意为下述,由于”,D选项relating“关联,联系”,句意:有关病人情况的询问可亲自或电话询问。因此,A选项符合句意。

20.单选题

Hisexpenditureonholidaysandluxuriesisratherhighin()tohisincome.

问题1选项

A.comparison

B.proportion

C.association

D.calculation

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项incomparisonto“与,与……相比,与……比较而言”;B选项inproportionto“与……成比例的;与……相称的”,反义词词组是outofproportion;C选项association“协会,联合,联想”,没有inassociationto这个说法;D选项calculation“计算,估计,计算的结果,深思熟虑”,也没有incalculationto这个说法,句意:他在度假和奢侈品上的开支与他的收入比起来相当高。因此B选项正确。

21.单选题

Koizumi'sannualvisitstothenotoriousshrinehavesparkeda_______ofcondemnationandprotestsfromChinaandtheROKbecausetheshrinehonours14Class-Awarcriminals.

问题1选项

A.splash

B.flurry

C.particle

D.stain

【答案】B

【解析】splash污点;flurry骚动,慌张,aflurryof—阵……;particle颗粒;stain污点,瑕疵。句意:小泉每年都要参拜臭名昭著的神社,引发了中韩人民的谴责和抗议,因为神社供奉着14名甲级战犯。选项B符合句意。

22.单选题

Jeanholdsvery()opinionsaboutfood;shewon’teatanythingneworforeign.

问题1选项

A.awesome

B.conventional

C.consistent

D.condimental

【答案】B

【解析】形容词词义辨析。awesome“极好的”;conventional“传统的”;consistent“始终如一的,一致的”;condimental“调味品的”。句意:简对食物的观念很传统,她不吃任何新的或者国外的食物。选项B符合题意。

23.单选题

Ifthatdeskisatleast100yearsold,itisanauthenticantiqueandvaluable.

问题1选项

A.real

B.ancient

C.eminent

D.obsolete

【答案】A

【解析】【选项释义】

A.real真的B.ancient古老的

C.eminent杰出的D.obsolete废弃的

【答案】A

【考查点】形容词辨析

【解题思路】划线词修饰的是antique“古董”,原词authentic“真的”,并且原句得出该结论的条件是“如果那张桌子至少有100年的历史”,由此原句表达的是该古董是真品而非赝品。因此,A选项real“真的”与原词词义最接近,符合原句句意。

【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项不符合原词词义。

【句意】如果那张桌子至少有100年的历史,那它就是一件真正的古董,并且价值不菲。

24.单选题

Mr.Brown'sconditionlooksveryseriousanditisdoubtfulifhewill(

).

问题1选项

A.pullback

B.pullup

C.pul

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