考研考博-英语-哈尔滨学院考试押题三合一+答案详解4

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-哈尔滨学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.

Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitudegoestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.

Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbeingdebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfactofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.

1.ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is（）.

2.Theauthor’sbiggestconcernis（）.

3.Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis（）.

4.Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis（）.

5.Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels（）.

问题1选项

A.quiteencouraging

B.fairlybright

C.veryimpressive

D.ratherbleak

问题2选项

A.thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass

B.thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.

C.themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D.elementaryschoolchildren’sdisinterestinreadingclassics

问题3选项

A.theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B.theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

C.theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

D.theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput

问题4选项

A.tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue

B.toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C.tothinkitoverconscientiously

D.tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

问题5选项

A.upset

B.uncertain

C.alarmed

D.pessimistic

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者所描绘的美国人的阅读能力是怎样的？根据原文第一段的首句Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.（我几乎没有必要列举所有令人沮丧的人们的识字状况）。由此可知，D选项“相当凄凉”符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者最关心的是？根据原文第二段的首句Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.（但我今天担心的与其说是基本识字这个压倒性的问题，不如说是一个更为奢侈的问题，即美国中产阶层读者阅读技能的衰退，他们不愿意在安静的地方，牺牲难得在家的时间，集中注意力用以读书，而这些与经典阅读行为息息相关），由此可知A选项“中产阶级的阅读能力与阅读行为”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是：大多数识字青少年最主要的一个问题是？根据原文第二段中的Ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica’sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickeringatthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.（有人认为，近80%有文化，受过良好教育的美国青少年，没有背景音乐和闪烁的电视屏幕的陪伴就无法阅读）以及thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration（而这种边阅读边在背景干扰下进行理解的新方法使某些基本的理解和集中行为变得不可能），由此可知，B选项“他们缺乏注意力和基本理解力”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是：作者认为，读者对一篇诗歌或散文表现赞赏的最好方式是？根据第二段倒数第二句letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.（更不用说人们对他们真正喜欢的诗歌或散文给予的最高评价了，那就是把它记在心里），由此可知D选项“能够欣赏它并记住它”符合题意。

5.观点态度题。题目问的是：关于阅读艺术的未来，作者的感觉是怎样的？根据原文最后一段的第一句Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.（在这种情况下，阅读艺术的未来是什么，这确实是一个大问题。）以及最后一句话Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe’veknownit.（在图书界没有人能自信地说他知道未来将会发生什么。）由此可推断，作者认为阅读艺术的未来充满了不确定性，所以选项B正确。

2.单选题

Inresponsetothesignals,therobotarmsmakescribblesonwhitecanvaswiththreecoloredmarkersattachedtotheendofthearms.

问题1选项

A.images

B.scripts

C.scratches

D.characters

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项images“图像；影像；肖像”；B选项scripts“原稿”；C选项scratches“刮伤；刮花”；D选项characters“特性；人物角色”。句意：作为对信号的回应，机器人手臂会在白色画布上涂鸦，手臂末端有三个彩色标记。结合此处关键词markers“记号”，得知B选项正确。

3.单选题

ForperplexedpolicymakersinWashington,theymeantscramblingfromonepolicytoanotherinanefforttorespondtoahighlyconfusingeconomicsituation.

问题1选项

A.disturbed

B.puzzled

C.irritated

D.enchanted

【答案】B

【解析】【选项释义】

A.disturbed有精神病的，心理不正常的B.puzzled困惑的，迷惑不解的

C.irritated烦恼的，恼怒的D.enchanted中魔法的，着了魔的

【答案】B

【考查点】形容词辨析。

【解题思路】perplexed的意思为“困惑的，迷惑不解的”，修饰policymakers，指的是这些制定政策的人很困惑，自己也没搞清楚状况，puzzled与之词义相近，因此B选项正确。

【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项词义与之不符。

【句意】对于华盛顿困惑的决策者来说，这意味着匆忙地从一项政策转向另一项政策，以应对高度混乱的经济形势。

4.单选题

Sincethedawnofcivilization,mankindhasbeenobsessedbythepossibilitythatitwillonedaybeextinguished.Theimpactofanasteroidonearthandthespectreofnuclearholocaustarethemostprevalentmillennialfears.Nowsomescientistsareincreasinglyleaningtowardstheviewthatanewnightmaremustbeaddedtothelist.Theirconcernisthatintelligentcomputerswilleventuallydevelopmindsoftheirownanddestroythehumanrace.

ThelatestwarningcomesfromProfessorStephenHawking.Hetoldaninterviewerthisweekthatartificialintelligencecould“outsmartusall”andthatatechnologicalcatastropheisa“nearcertainty”.Mostnon-expertswilldismisshisclaimsasafantasyrootedinsciencefiction.Butthepaceofprogressinartificialintelligence,orAI,meanspolicymakersshouldalreadybeconsideringthesocialconsequences.

Accordingtoarecentsurvey,halftheworld’sAIexpertsbelievehuman-levelmachineintelligencewillbeachievedby2040and90percentsayitwillarriveby2075.SeveralAIexpertstalkaboutthepossibilitythatthehumanbrainwilleventuallybe“reverseengineered”.Someprominenttechleaders,meanwhile,warnthattheconsequencesareunpredictable.ElonMusk,thepioneerofelectriccars,hasarguedthatadvancedcomputertechnologyis“potentiallymoredangerousthannuclearthreats.’’

Thatsaid,theriskthatcomputersmightonedayposeachallengetohumanityshouldbeputinperspective.Scientistsmaynotbeabletosaywithcertaintywhen,orif,machineswillmatchoroutperformmankind.

Butbeforetheworldgetstothatpoint,thedrawingtogetherofbothhumanandcomputerintelligencewillalmostcertainlyhelptotacklepressingproblemsthatcannototherwisebesolved.Thegrowingabilityofcomputerstocrunchenormousquantitiesofdata,forexample,willplayahugeroleinhelpinghumanitytackleclimatechangeanddiseaseoverthenextfewdecades.Itwouldbefollytoarrestthedevelopmentofcomputertechnologynow一andforgothosebenefits一becauseofrisksthatliemuchfurtherinthefuture.

ThereiseveryreasontobeoptimisticaboutAIresearch.Thereisnoevidencethatscientistswillstruggletocontrolcomputers,evenattheirmostadvancedstage.Butthisisasectorinwhichpioneersmusttreadcarefully—andwiththeireyesopentotheenduringabilityofsciencetosurpriseus.

1.AccordingtoParagraph1,（

）.

2.Theunderlinedword“catastrophe”canbeinterpretedas

（

）.

3.ProfessorStephenHawkingbelievesthatartificialintelligence

（

）.

4.AIexpertscontendthat

（

）.

5.Withthehelpofcomputerintelligence,humanbeingscan

（

）.

6.Theauthorsuggeststhatweshould（

）.

问题1选项

A.humancivilizationwillsomedaydisappear

B.intelligentcomputerswillthreatenmankindoneday

C.naturaldisasterswillleadtohumanextinction

D.artificialintelligencewillcontrolthehumanmind

问题2选项

A.revolution

B.advancement

C.challenge

D.disaster

问题3选项

A.willbemuchsmarterthanhumans

B.onlyappearsinsciencefictions

C.shouldnotbeoverdeveloped

D.willhavenegativesocialimpacts

问题4选项

A.humansmaybethreatenedbyartificialintelligence

B.theimplicationsofAIdevelopmentisstillunknown

C.thehumanbrainwillnotbesubjecttomachineintelligence

D.computertechnologycancausemassivedestruction

问题5选项

A.solvetechnicalproblems

B.conductvastdataanalysis

C.forecastweatherprecisely

D.preventfataldiseases

问题6选项

A.restrictAIdevelopmentduetothepotentialrisks

B.beoptimisticaboutAIandmaximizethebenefits

C.cautiouslydevelopAIwithanopenattitude

D.suspendAIresearchatitsmostadvancedstage

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:A

第5题:B

第6题:C

【解析】1.段落大意题。将信息点定位至原文第一段。根据“Sincethedawnofcivilization,mankindhasbeenobsessedbythepossibilitythatitwillonedaybeextinguished”“tintelligentcomputerswilleventuallydevelopmindsoftheirownanddestroythehumanrace.（自从文明诞生以来，人类就一直被这样一种可能性所困扰:有一天，智能计算机将被消灭，而智能计算机最终将发展出人类自己的思想，并毁灭人类。）”即可得出本题答案。

2.词汇推断题。根据题干信息，将信息点定位至原文第二段。根据前文的“warning（警告）”和第一段的“extinguished（灭绝的）”，即可进行合理推断，从而得出本题答案。

3.细节事实题。根据题干关键词StephenHawking，可将信息定位至原文第二段。根据“artificialintelligencecould‘outsmartusall’andthatatechnologicalcatastropheisa‘nearcertainty’（人工智能可能“智胜我们所有人”，一场技术灾难“几乎是肯定的”）”即可得出本题答案。

4.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文第三段。根据“theconsequencesareunpredictable”“potentiallymoredangerousthannuclearthreats.（其后果是不可预测的，可能比核威胁更危险）”即可归纳总结得出本题答案。

5.细节事实题。根据题干关键词“helpofcomputerintelligence”，可将信息点定位至原文第五段。根据“Thegrowingabilityofcomputerstocrunchenormousquantitiesofdata（计算机处理大量数据的能力越来越强，）,”即可得出本题答案。

6.观点态度题。根据题干信息，可将信息点定位至原文最后一段。根据“ThereiseveryreasontobeoptimisticaboutAIresearch（我们完全有理由对人工智能研究保持乐观）”“pioneersmusttreadcarefully（开拓者必须小心行事）”,即可得出本题答案。

5.翻译题

Inacalmseaeverymanisapilot.Butallsunshinewithoutshade,allpleasurewithoutpain,isnotlifeatall.Evendeathitselfmakeslifemoreloving.Mencomeclosesttotheirtrueselvesinthesobermomentsoflife,undertheshadowsofsorrowandloss.Intheaffairsoflifeorofbusiness,itisnotintellectthattellssomuchascharacter,notbrainssomuchasheart,notgeniussomuchasself-control,patience,anddiscipline,regulatedbyjudgment.Ihavealwaysbelievedthatthemanwhohasbeguntolivemoreseriouslywithinbeginstolivemoresimplywithout.Inanageofextravaganceandwaste,IwishIcouldshowtotheworldhowfewtherealwantsofhumanityare.Toregretone'serrorstothepointofnotrepeatingthemistruerepentance.Thereisnothingnobleinbeingsuperiortosomeotherman.Thetruenobilityisinbeingsuperiortoyourpreviousself.

【答案】在风平浪静的大海上，每个人都是领航员。但只有阳光没有阴影，只有快乐没有痛苦，这样根本不是真正的生活。甚至死亡本身都使得生命更加可爱。在人生清醒的时刻，在悲伤与失落的阴影之下，人们与真实的自我最为接近。在生活和事业的种种事务之中，性格比才智更能指导我们，心灵比头脑更能引导我们，而由判断所控制的自制、耐心和纪律比天分更能让我们受益。我一向认为，内心生活一开始就更为严谨的人，他的外在生活也会变得更为简朴。在物欲横流的年代，但愿我能向世人表明，人类的真正需求是何其少。后悔自己的过错以致不重蹈覆辙才是真正的悔悟。优于别人，并不高贵，真正的高贵应该是优于过去的自己。

6.单选题

AristotlecouldhaveavoidedthemistakeofthinkingthatwomenhavelessteeththanmenbythesimpledeviceofaskingMrs.Aristotletokeephermouthopenwhilehecounted.

问题1选项

A.couldhaveavoided

B.lessteeth

C.bythesimpledevice

D.open

【答案】B

【解析】考查语法。Less是little的比较级，用来修饰不可数名词，teeth是可数名词，所以应该用few的比较级fewer。句意：亚里斯多德认为女人的牙齿比男人的少，只要让亚里斯多德太太张着嘴让他数一数，他本可以避免这个错误。因此，该题选择B项。

7.单选题

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。

8.单选题

Whethertheeyesare"thewindowsofthesoul"isdebatablethattheyareintenselyimportantininterpersonalcommunicationisafact.Duringthefirsttwomonthsofababy'slife,thestimulusthatproducesasmileisapairofeyes.Theeyesneednotbereal:amaskwithtwodotswillproduceasmile.Significantly,arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.Thisattractiontoeyesasopposedtothenoseormouthcontinuesasthebabymatures.Inonestudy,whenAmerican-four-year-oldswereaskedtodrawpeople,75percentofthemdrewpeoplewithmouths,but99percentofthemdrewpeoplewitheyes.InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother'sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（编码）ordecode（解码）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone'sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone'sconversationpartner."

TheroleofeyecontactinaconversationalexchangebetweentwoAmericansiswelldefined:speakersmakecontactwiththeeyesoftheirlistenerforaboutonesecond,thenglanceawayastheytalk;inafewmomentstheyre-establisheyecontactwiththelistenerorreassurethemselvesthattheiraudienceisstillattentive,thenshifttheirgazeawayoncemore.Listeners,meanwhile,keeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker,allowingthemselvestoglanceawayonlybriefly.Itisimportantthattheybelookingat,thespeakerattheprecisemomentwhenthespeakerre-establisheseyecontact:iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.

1.Babieswillnotbestimulatedtosmilebyaperson（

）.

2.AccordingtothepassagetheJapanesefixtheirgazeontheirconversationpartner'sneckbecause

（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,aconversationbetweentwoAmericansmaybreakdowndueto

（

）.

4.Tokeepaconversationflowingsmoothly,itisbetterfortheparticipants（

）.

问题1选项

A.whosefrontviewisfullyperceived

B.whosefaceiscoveredwithamask

C.whosefaceisseenfromtheside

D.whosefaceisfreeofanycovering

问题2选项

A.theydon’tliketokeeptheireyesonthefaceofthespeaker

B.theyneednotcommunicatethrougheyecontact

C.theydon'tthinkitpolitetohaveeyecontact

D.theydidn’thavemuchopportunitytocommunicatethrougheyecontactinbabyhood

问题3选项

A.onetemporarilyglancingawayfromtheother

B.eyecontactsofmorethanonesecond

C.improperly-timedceasingofeyecontact

D.constantadjustmentofeyecontact

问题4选项

A.nottoweardarkspectacles

B.nottomakeanyinterruptions

C.nottoglanceawayfromeachother

D.nottomakeunpredictablepauses

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:A

【解析】第1题:细节事实题。由第一段第四句“arealhumanfacewitheyescoveredwillnotmotivateasmile,norwillthesightofonlyoneeyewhenthefaceispresentedinprofile.一张真正的人脸如果遮住了眼睛不会让小宝宝发笑，或者侧面的脸，只能看到一只眼睛时，小宝宝也不会发笑。”故C项正确。

第2题:细节事实题。由题干定位到第一段“InJapan,however,wherebabiesarecarriedontheirmother’sbackinfantsdonotacquireasmuchattachmenttoeyesastheydoinothercultures.Asaresult,Japaneseadultsmakelittleuseofthefaceeithertoencode（编码）ordecode（解码）meaning.Infact,Argylerevealsthattheproperplacetofocusone’sgazeduringaconversationinJapanisontheneckofone’sconversationpartner.在日本，婴儿被背在母亲的背上，他们对眼神交流的依恋不像其他文化中那么强烈。结果就是，日本成年人很少用面部表情来理解或解释含义。事实上，Argyle揭示了在日本谈话时，一个人的目光应该集中在谈话对象的脖子上。”可知日本人说话时喜欢把目光聚焦在另一个人的脖子上是由于小时候没有太多机会通过眼神来交流。故答案D

第3题:细节事实题。由第二段“iftheyarenotlookingthespeakerassumesthattheyaredisinterestedandeitherwillpauseuntileyecontactisresumedorwillterminatetheconversation.如果他们没有看着说话人，说话人就会认为他们是不感兴趣的，要么就会停下来直到重新开始眼神交流，要么就会终止谈话。”可知答案C

第4题:细节理解题。由文章末尾“Justhowcriticalthiseyemaneuveringistothemaintenanceofconversationalflowbecomesevidentwhentwospeakersarewearingdarkglasses:theremaybeasortoftrafficjamofwordscausedbyinterruption,falsestarts,andunpredictablepauses.两个说话的人都戴着墨镜时，这种眼神交流对维持对话的重要性就变得显而易见了：可能会出现由打断、错误的开始和不可预知的停顿引起的话语堵塞。”可知戴墨镜对话会造成中断，错误的开始和不可预计的停顿。故为了保持通畅的对话，最好不要戴墨镜说话。答案A

9.单选题

Youcannotimaginehow（）Ifeelwithmydutiessometimes.

问题1选项

A.overflowed

B.overthrown

C.overwhelmed

D.overturned

【答案】C

【解析】句意:你无法想象有时我对自己的职责感到多么不安。

考查动词辨析。overflow使溢出，使泛滥；overthrow推翻，打倒，废除；overwhelm制服，压倒，使不知所措；overturn倾覆，废除。因此C项符合句意，在此处表示“使不安”。

10.单选题

Theinkhasfadedwithtimeandsopartsoftheletterwere（）.

问题1选项

A.possible

B.indelible

C.disable

D.illegible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项possible“可能的，合理的”；B选项indelible“难忘的，擦不掉的”；C选项disable“使残废”；D选项illegible“难以辨认的，字迹模糊的”。句意：随着时间的推移，墨水已经褪色，所以信的某些部分难以辨认。选项D符合语境。

11.单选题

Thescientificmethodisthesystematicpursuitofknowledgeinvolvingtheidentificationofaproblem,thecollectionofrelevantdatathroughobservationandexperimentation,andtheformulationandtestingofhypothesesthataimtosolvetheproblem.Eversincethescientificmethodbecameawayoflearningaboutnature,includingourselves,somepeoplehavehailedscienceastheonlywaytocomprehendnaturalphenomena,whileothershavequestionedwhetheritisanappropriateroadtoknowledge.Asscienceandtechnologyhavegrown,thequestioninghasdeepenedandexpanded.

Thisisnottosaythatso-calledscientificevidenceisnotagoodwaytovouchsafetruth.Scientists’testimoniesareusedtoendorseeverythingfromtoothpastetonuclearpower;however,theyarealsousedtochallengetheverysamethings.Andthisiswhereitgetstricky:“Scientific”supportcannowbeelicitedonallsidesofeveryquestion,sothatthepublicisconstantlyforcedtodecidewhichscientiststobelieve.

Wherethenisthevauntedobjectivityofscience?Peoplearerealizingthattheymusteitherdevelopcriteriaonwhichtomakethesedecisions(andtodosoforeachimportantissue)ordecidetodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsandlookforotherwaysofknowing.Incidentally,theseotherwaysaresometimesnolessempiricalthanthescientificones.Thedecisiontodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsisnottobesneeredat.Thevolume,contradictoriness,andlimitedcomprehensibilityofmuchscientificinformationleavemostpeoplebewildered.

IamremindedofthecommentVirginiaWoolfattributestothetime-travelingcharacterinhernovelOrlando,whomusedassheentersanelevatoratMarshallandSnelgrove’sdepartmentstoreinLondonin1928:“Theveryfabricoflifenow...ismagic.Intheeighteenthcentury,weknewhoweverythingwasdone;buthereIrisethroughtheair;IlistentovoicesinAmerica;Iseemenflying-buthowit’sdone,Ican’teverbegintowonder.Somybeliefinmagicreturns.”

Notonlythegeneralpublicisillatease.Uneasyquestionsarebeingaskedbyscientiststhemselves.Asonenotedscientistshasargued:Thescientificcommunityhadleadaparticularlyunexaminedlifeforasurprisinglylongtime,andmayhaveaccepteditsunusualand,untilrecently,unquestionedstatusalittletooeasily.Indeed,inthelast25years,inanefforttoraisefinancialsupportataratenearlytriplethatoftherestofsociety,thescientificcommunitymayhavepromisedtoomuchtoosoon.Certainlyitunderestimatedthedemandforaccountability.”Andhisscientistgoeson:"Inallhumility,itmust...beadmittedthatitisimpossibletocategoricallydenythatwemayhavereachedapointwherewemustabandonthefaiththat[inallcases]knowledgeisbetterthanignorance.Wesimplylacktheabilitytomakeaccuratepredictions.

1.Inlines4-6(“somepeople,knowledge”),theauthordoeswhichofthefollowing?

2.Theexamplesinlines9-10('"toothpaste...power9)aregivento（

）.

3.Lines16-18(“Thedecision...bewildered”)serveprimarilyto

（

）.

4.Inthelastsentence,theword“simply”mostnearlymeans

（

）.

5.Theprimarypurposeofthispassageasawholeisto（

）.

问题1选项

A.Rationalizesabehavior

B.Advocatesacourseofaction

C.Presentsopposingviewpoints

D.Voicesdoubtaboutanapproach

问题2选项

A.criticizethewidespreadacceptanceofcertainproducts

B.mockthegullibilityofthepublicinscientificmatters

C.enumerateanumberofmundaneactivitiesinwhichscientistsareinvolved

D.conveytherangeofissuestowhichscienceisconsideredrelevant

问题3选项

A.correcttheinherentlimitationsofscientificthought

B.decrythelackofscientifictrainingamongthegeneralpublic

C.defendapositionthatmightbechallenged

D.suggesttheoriginsofabranchofscience

问题4选项

A.foolishly

B.directly

C.basically

D.easily

问题5选项

A.explorealternativewaysofunderstandingnaturalphenomenon

B.discussthelackofhumilitythatmanyscientistsdemonstrate

C.challengethefindingsofaparticulargroupofscientists

D.questionthescopeandvalueofscientificunderstanding

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.考察作者意图。文章第一段第二句Eversincethescientificmethodbecameawayoflearningaboutnature,includingourselves,somepeoplehavehailedscienceastheonlywaytocomprehendnaturalphenomena,whileothershavequestionedwhetheritisanappropriateroadtoknowledge提到科学方法成为了学习自然的方法，有些人认为科学是唯一能解释自然现象的手段，而有的人则质疑科学是不是能够合理获得知识。作者在这里就科学的作用这个问题提出了疑问，选项D符合题意。

2.考察判断推理。文章第二段Scientists’testimoniesareusedtoendorseeverythingfromtoothpastetonuclearpower提到科学方法既可以用来解释像牙膏这种日常生活用品（成分、作用等），也可以用来解释核能。由此可以得知科学方法在某些方面来说上并没有权威性，但是人们却往往被这些所谓的科学解释所吸引，作者对此是持批判态度的。选项A符合题意。

3.考察判断推理。文章第三段最后两句Thedecisiontodisbelieveallscientificexplanationsisnottobesneeredat.Thevolume,contradictoriness,andlimitedcomprehensibilityofmuchscientificinformationleavemostpeoplebewildered提到不信科学解释不会被嘲笑，因为这些科学信息太多，有的还自相矛盾等，让人们感到困惑。这些都是科学思维的不足之处。选项A符合题意。

4.考察词义。文章最后一段最后一句Wesimplylacktheabilitytomakeaccuratepredictions提到我们仅仅是缺少做精确预测的能力。选项C符合题意。

5.考察作者意图。文章主要讲述了对于认识自然现象有些人认为科学是唯一的方法，而有的人则认为科学不可靠，作者在文章中提到不只普通民众对科学方法感到困惑，科学家有时候也会对自己提出的问题感到质疑（Notonlythegeneralpublicisillatease.Uneasyquestionsarebeingaskedbyscientiststhemselves）。由此可推断作者在探索一种更好的方法来解释自然现象。选项A符合题意。

12.单选题

Hespokeso（）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.frankly

B.emphatically

C.determinedly

D.convincingly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项frankly“坦率地，老实说”；B选项emphatically“着重地，强调地”；C选项determinedly“决然地，断然地”；D选项convincingly“令人信服地；有说服力地”。句意：他讲得如此_____，以至于连他的对手都被他的论点说服了。根据后半句不难判断出，前半句的意思是“他讲得如此有说服力……”，因此D选项符合题意。

13.单选题

Animportantconsequencearisesbecausethesocialsecurityprogramispurelypay-as-you-gofinanced,（

）mostpensionplans,atleastintheprivatesector,arefullyfunded.Thus,greatercontracting-outimpliesgreaterprefundingofpensioncommitments.

问题1选项

A.whereas

B.because

C.sothat

D.therefore

【答案】A

【解析】考查逻辑关系。空格前句意：社会保障项目是量入为出提供资金的。空格后句意：大多数养老计划是全额提供资金。两句间形成转折关系。四个选项中只有A选项whereas表示转折，因此A选项正确。

14.问答题

WhydosomanyAmericansdistrustwhattheyreadintheirnewspapers?TheAmericanSocietyofNewspaperEditorsistryingtoanswerthispainfulquestion.Theorganizationisdeepintoalongself-analysisknownasthejournalismcredibilityproject.

Sadtosay,thisprojecthasturnedouttobemostlylow-levelfindingsaboutfactualerrorsandspellingandgrammarmistakes,combinedwithlotsofhead-scratchingpuzzlementaboutwhatintheworldthosereadersreallywant.

Butthesourcesofdistrustgowaydeeper.Mostjournalistslearntoseetheworldthroughasetofstandardtemplates(patterns)intowhichtheyplugeachday’sevents.Inotherwords,thereisaconventionalstorylineinthenewsroomculturethatprovidesabackboneandaready-madenarrativestructureforotherwiseconfusingnews.

Thereexistsasocialandculturaldisconnectbetweenjournalistsandtheirreaders,whichhelpsexplainwhythe“standardtemplates”ofthenewsroomseemalientomanyreaders.Inarecentsurvey,questionnairesweresenttoreportersinfivemiddle-sizecitiesaroundthecountry,plusonelargemetropolitanarea.Thenresidentsinthesecommunitieswerephonedatrandomandaskthesamequestions.

RepliesshowthatcomparedwithotherAmericans,journalistsaremorelikelytoliveinupscaleneighborhoods,havemaids,ownMercedeses,andtradestocks,andthey’relesslikelytogotochurch,dovolunteerwork,orputdownrootsinacommunity.

Reporterstendtobepartofabroadlydefinedsocialandculturalelite,sotheirworktendstoreflecttheconventionalvaluesofthiselite.Theastonishingdistrustofthenewsmediaisn’trootedininaccuracyorpoorreportorialskillsbutinthedailyclashofworldviewsbetweenreportersandtheirreaders.

Thisisanexplosivesituationforanyindustry,particularlyadecliningone.Hereisatroubledbusinessthatkeepshiringemployeeswhoseattitudesvastlyannoythecustomers.Thenitsponsorslotsofsymposiumsandacredibilityprojectdedicatedtowonderingwhycustomersareannoyedandfleeinginlargenumbers.Butitneverseemstogetaroundtonoticingtheculturalandclassbiasesthatsomanyformerbuyersarecomplainingabout.Ifitdid,itwouldopenupitsdiversityprogram,nowfocusednarrowlyonraceandgender,andlookforreporterswhodifferbroadlybyoutlook,values,education,andclass.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhattriggersAmericans’distrustintheirnewspapersaccordingtothefindingsofthejournalismcredibilityproject?

3.Whatdoes“standardtemplates”(Para3)referto?

4.WhatistherootofAmerican’sdistrustintheirnewspapers?

5.Whatshouldthenewspaperindustrydotosolvetheproblemconcerningreportersaccordingtotheauthor?

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