考研考博-英语-四川化工职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川化工职业技术学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.翻译题

(1)ThedevelopingcountriesofCentralandSouthAmerica,Africa,andAsiaoncemerelyexportedrawmaterialsandcashcropsinreturnformanufacturedgoods.Peopleinthesecountriesprovidedformostoftheirownneedsthroughsubsistenceagricultureandsmall-scalecrafts.Intime,though,peopleinthesecountriesgrewincreasinglydependentontheglobaleconomy,becauselocalcraftscouldnotcompetewiththecheap,factory-madeexportsofthedevelopedcountries,suchasEuropeannations,theUnitedStates,andJapan.Todecreasetheirdependence,manydevelopingcountriessoughttostrengthentheireconomiesbybuildingfactories,moderndams,androadsduringthe1960and1970s.Governmentfrequentlymadepoorfinancialchoices.However,infrastructureprojectssuchasdamsandhighwayswereoftentoomassiveforlocalneeds.Choicesaboutindustryweresometimesnotbasedonthebestinterestsofthecountry,andprotectionfromcompetitionfrequentlyresultedininferiorgoods.(2)Asresult,productscouldnotcompeteontheglobalmarketwiththehigher-qualitygoodsfromtheindustrializedcountries.Manydevelopingcountriesthenhadlittleincometopayoffdebtsincurred(招致)duringtheirexpansion.

Afewdevelopingeconomiessucceededinbuildingprosperitythroughindustrializationduringthe20thcentury.ThemostnotableofthesewereSouthKorea,Singapore,andHongKongS.A.R.LikeJapanduringthe19thcentury,theyestablishedtariffsandotherbarrierstoprotectlocalproductsfromforeigncompetitionandinvestedlocalwealthinindustrialdevelopment.(3)AlsolikeJapan,theyfocusedonsellingtheproductstheymanufacturedtoforeignconsumersinordertobringwealthintothecountry.Bytheendofthe20thcenturysomeexpertsconsideredtheseeconomiestobedeveloped,ratherthandeveloping,althoughmanyofSouthKorea’seconomicsuccesseswerereversedinthefinancialcrisisof1997.(4)Followingasimilarpath,Chinaadvancedeconomicallythrougharapidexpansionofmanufacturedexportsduringthelate20thcentury.

Meanwhile,multinationalsbasedintheeconomicallydevelopedworldsetuplow-wagemanufacturingfacilitiesinsomedevelopingcountries,particularlyinSoutheastAsiaandinCentralandSouthAmerica.Thesefactoriestypicallygeneratedfewlong-termbenefitsforthelocaleconomy.Theprofitsflowedoutsidethecountrytotheshareholdersoftheforeignmultinationals.Also,thedevelopingcountrieswereforcedtoparticipateina“racetothebottom”toattractmultinationalinvestment.(5)Ifadevelopingcountryoritspeoplesoughthigherwagesorenforcedlabororenvironmentalprotections,multinationalsoftensimplyrelocatedproductiontoacountrywithlowercost.

【答案】1.中南美洲、非洲和亚洲的发展中国家曾经仅仅依靠出口原材料和经济作物换取制成品。

2.因此，产品无法在全球市场上与工业化国家的高质量产品竞争。

3.也像日本一样，他们专注于向外国消费者销售他们制造的产品，来为国家带来财富。

4.20世纪末，中国通过制造业出口的快速扩张，实现了经济的快速发展。

5.如果一个发展中国家或其人民要求更高的工资、实施劳动保护或环境保护，跨国公司通常只需要将生产转移到成本更低的国家。

2.单选题

AlthoughtheBillinitspresentformisasignificantimprovementonitsfirstform,itremains（）flawed.

问题1选项

A.seriously

B.soundlessly

C.solemnly

D.strictly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副词词义辨析。seriously“认真地；严重地”；soundlessly“无声地，静悄悄地”；solemnly“庄严地，严肃地”；strictly“严格地，完全地”。句意：尽管这项法案目前的版本比第一版有很大提高，但是仍然有着______不足。能够修饰”不足”这个词的只有seriously这个词，因此选项A符合题意。

3.单选题

（）oforganicfoods--atermwhosemeaningvariesgreatly--frequentlyproclaimthatsuchproductsaresaferandmorenutritiousthanothers.

问题1选项

A.Captives

B.Addicts

C.Contestants

D.Advocates

【答案】D

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。captive“俘虏”；addict“吸毒成瘾的人；入迷的人”；contestant“竞争者”；advocate“拥护者”。句意：有机食品这个术语的意义至今多样，它的______宣称这类食品比其他食品更加安全，更加有营养。选项D符合题意。

4.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoChineseonyourANSWERSHEET.

Oneofthestrangestaspectsofourlifeisthewidespreadlackofconcernaboutthedangeroftotaldestructionbynuclearweapons,apossibilitypeopleareawareof.Theexplanation,Ibelieve,isthattheyaremoreproudofthanfrightenedbythegadgetsofmassdestruction.Also,theyaresofrightenedofthepossibilityoftheirpersonalfailureandhumiliationthattheiranxietyaboutpersonalmatterspreventsthemfromfeelinganxiousaboutthepossibilitythateverybodyandeverythingmaybedestroyed.Perhapstotaldestructionisevenmoreattractivethantotalinsecurityandnever-endingpersonalanxiety.

【答案】我们生活中最奇怪的一个方面是，人们普遍不关心核武器可能带来彻底毁灭的危险，而人们也知道这种可能性。我认为，可以解释为，他们对大规模毁灭性武器与其说感到害怕，不如说感到自豪。此外，他们对个人失败和被羞辱的可能性是如此恐惧，以至于他们对个人事务的焦虑阻碍了他们去担忧每个人、每件事都可能被摧毁的可能性。也许彻底的毁灭比完全的不安全感和无休止的个人焦虑更有吸引力。

5.单选题

Shehastobevery______becauseshehasn’tmuchmoney.

问题1选项

A.economic

B.economical

C.sparing

D.careful

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项economic“经济学的，经济上的”，B项economical“经济的，节约的”，C项sparing“适度的”，D项careful“仔细的，小心的”。根据后面的句子hasn’tmuchmoney“没有太多钱”可知，空格部分表示“节省，节俭”符合语境。句意：她必须非常节俭，因为她没有多少钱。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

InPlato’sRepublicwefindadiscussionaboutmoralityandselfishness.Plato’sbrotherGlauconistryingtomakeSocratesgivesomegoodreasonsforwhyitisbettertobejustthantobeunjust.Glauconinsiststhatallpeoplebynaturelookafterthemselves,andwheneverwecangetawaywithsomething,wewilldoit,regardlessofhowunjustitmaybetoothers.Unfortunately,wemayreceivethesametreatmentfromothers,whichishighlyunpleasant,soforthesakeofpeaceandsecurityweagreetotreateachotherdecently—notbecausewewantto,butbecauseweareplayingitsafe.Moralityisjustaresultofourlookingoutforourselves.Ifwecangetawaywithsomething,itisournaturetomakethemostofit.

WhatGlauconissuggestinghereabouttheoriginofsocietyisafirstinWesternthought.Histheoryisanexampleofwhathasbecomeknownassocialcontracttheory,andthistypeoftheorybecameparticularlyinfluentialmuchlater,intheeighteenthcentury.Asocialcontracttheoryassumesthathumansusedtoliveinapre-socialsetting(withoutrules,regulations,orcooperation)andthen,forvariousreasons,gottogetherandagreedonsettingupasociety.Generally,socialcontracttheoriesassumethathumansdecidetobuildasocietywithrulesforthesakeofthecommongoodorforthesakeofself-protection.Thetheoryistodayknownaspsychologicalegoism.

ToGlaucon,decentpersonswilldo“unjust”thingsjustasquicklyasscoundrelsiftheyknowtheycangetawaywithitsincetheirhumannaturesareidentical.HereGlauconisactingasthedevil’sadvocateinordertomakeSocratesdefendjusticeassomethingthatisgoodinitself.Surelyweallcanremembereventsinourlivesthatshowthatwedon’talwaysactoutofself-interest.WemayrememberthatMotherTeresaandotherunselfishsoulshavespenttheirliveshelpingothers.Thepsychologicalegoistwouldcontendthattheymaynothavebeenawareoftheirtruemotives,butselfishitwas,somehow.Thesepeople,probably,wantedtogettoHeaven,toatoneforpastwrongdoing,ormaybetheyjustwantedtofeelwarminside.

Thistheory,cynicalasitmaysound,hasestablisheditselffirmlyinthemindsofmanymodernpeople.Somehow,thistheoryremovesthehalofromabovetheheadofeveryheroandeveryunselfishpersoninthehistoryofhumankind.Onereason,then,forthistheory’spopularityisitspresumedhonesty.Closelyrelatedtothenotionofhonestyisourmodernfascinationwithcynicism.Oftentimes,peoplearetrulyselfishanddevious,andthingsarenotwhattheyseem.However,thereisadifferencebetweenthiskindofprudentskepticismandauniversalcynicismthatbordersonparanoia.Suchradicalcynicismdoesn’tallowforthepossibilityoftheexistenceofgoodnessandkindness,andthisisoneoftheerrorspsychologicalegoistsareproneto.Psychologicalegoistsneversaythatwecan’thelpbeingselfishtothebone—theyjustsaythatthereissomehiddenselfishmotiveforwhateverwedothatwemaynotbeevenawareof.

1.WhatisthemainreasonformentreatingeachotherdecentlyaccordingtoGlaucon?

2.Whichofthefollowingistrueofthesocialcontracttheory?

3.HowwouldpsychologicalegoistsinterprettheexampleofMotherTeresa?

4.Whaterrorsarepsychologicalegoistslikelytomake?

问题1选项

A.Itisnotrightforonetobeunjusttootherpeople.

B.Itisbeneficialforpeopletoretainpeaceandsecurity.

C.Moralityandselflessnessarewhatweshouldpursue.

D.Wearepronetomakethemostofsomething.

问题2选项

A.Itiscontrarytopsychologicalegoists’beliefs.

B.Itrecordshumanlifeinaworldwithoutoperationandrules.

C.Itpresumesthatasocietywithrulesistoguaranteethebenefitsofall.

D.Itassumesthatpeoplearebynatureunselfish.

问题3选项

A.Shehelpsothersforthesakeofherself

B.Justiceisgoodinitselftothedevil’sadvocate.

C.Descentpersonswilldounjustthingsaswell.

D.Sheisatypicalpersonwithfeelingsofparanoia.

问题4选项

A.Theydonotjustifytheirtheoryfully.

B.Theyhavechangedpeople’sview.

C.Theyneverwarnpeopleoftheirunawareselfishness.

D.Theygototheextremeofdisbelievingpeople

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:A

第4题:D

【解析】第1题:1.根据第一段倒数第三句“forthesakeofpeaceandsecurity...weareplayingitsafe.”为了和平与安全,我们同意善待彼此——不是因为我们想这样做,而是因为我们谨慎行事。也就是说人与人之间保持和平与安全是有益的。选项B符合原文。

2.根据关键词“socialcontracttheory”定位到原文第二段,根据倒数第二句“Generally,socialcontracttheories...forthesakeofself-protection.”一般来说,社会契约理论认为,人类决定建立一个有规则的社会是为了公共利益或自我保护。选项C符合原文。

3.根据关键词“MotherTeresa”定位到第三段最后三句,心理利己主义者认为他们可能没有意识到自己的真实动机,但从某种程度上来说,他们是自私的。这些人可能是想上天堂,为过去的错误行为赎罪,或者他们只是想感受内心的温暖。选项A符合原文。

4.根据最后一段倒数第二句“Suchradicalcynicism...psychologicalegoistsareproneto.”这种极端的犬儒主义不允许善良和善良存在的可能性,这是心理利己主义者容易犯的错误之一。也就是说他们很极端,容易怀疑他人,所以选项D正确。

第2题:

第3题:

第4题:

7.单选题

Salariesfor（

）positionsseemtobehigherthanforpermanentones.

问题1选项

A.legal

B.optional

C.voluntary

D.temporary

【答案】D

【解析】句意:做临时性的工作拿到的工资好像比固定工作要高。

形容词辨析。Legal法律的，合法的;optional可选择的，随意的;voluntary自愿的;temporary临时的。根据句子已知信息permanentones(固定工作)推测D符合句意。

8.单选题

Increased（）canreleasetheworkersforothertasks.

问题1选项

A.efficiency

B.effect

C.effectiveness

D.effort

【答案】A

【解析】句意：提高工作效率可以使工人们有更多的时间做其他的任务。选项A符合语境。

9.单选题

Thehumanvoiceoftensounds（）onthephone.

问题1选项

A.twisted

B.irregular

C.deformed

D.distorted

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项twistedadj.扭曲的；B选项irregularadj.不规则的，无整齐的；C选项deformedadj.丑陋的，畸形的；D选项distortedadj.歪曲的，失真的，受到曲解的。根据humanvoice可知，D项符合搭配。句意：人声在电话里听起来总是有些失真。

10.单选题

Ihappenedtobecaughtinashower.Itwasjustacoupleofminutes（）Iwaswetthrough.

问题1选项

A.before

B.since

C.that

D.until

【答案】A

【解析】考查时态。A选项before“在……之前”，说明两个时间或两个事件之间的先后关系，句子一般用过去时，例如：Shedidn’tunderstandmebeforeIexplainedittoher.（在我向她解释之前，她不理解我的意思。）；B选项since“自……以来”，通常与现在完成时连用，例如：Heleftthevillagein1982andIhaven’tseenhimsincethen.（1982年他离开这个村子，从那以后，我没再见过他。）；C选项that“那个”，做代词或引导从句，这里在名词后应该引导定语从句或者同位语从句，在此题中不适用，排除C选项。D选项until“直到……时候”，不符合句意，排除D选项。句意：我碰巧遇上阵雨了。只过了几分钟我就浑身湿透了。综上所述，A选项符合题意。

11.单选题

ThelostcaroftheThompsonswasfoundforsakeninthewoodsoffthehighway.

问题1选项

A.vanished

B.scattered

C.abandoned

D.rejected

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。forsake意为“抛弃，遗弃”；vanish意为“消失”；scatter意为“驱散，散开”；abandon意为“放弃，抛弃”；reject意为“拒绝”。

句意：汤普森一家丢失的汽车被发现遗弃在远离高速公路的树林里。

12.单选题

Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters.Beforeconsideringthisquestion,itwillbeusefultointroducesomerelatedconcepts.Conflict,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesdirectedagainstoneanother,isdistinguishedfromcompetition,definedasoppositionamongsocialentitiesindependentlystrivingforsomethingwhichisininadequatesupply.Competitorsmaynotbeawareofoneanother,whilethepartiestoaconflictare.Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.Oppositionisthuscontrastedwithcooperation,theprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctionintheserviceofoneanother.Thesedefinitionsarenecessarybecauseitisimportanttoemphasizethatcompetitionbetweenindividualsorgroupsisinevitableinaworldoflimitedresources,butconflictisnot.Conflict,nevertheless,isverylikelytooccur,andisprobablyanessentialanddesirableelementofhumansocieties.

Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict.Socialanimals,suchasmonkeysandcattle,fighttowinormaintainleadershipofthegroup.Thestruggleforexistenceoccursnotinsuchfights,butinthecompetitionforlimitedfeedingareasandfortheoccupancyofareasfreefrommeat-eatinganimals.Thosewhofailinthiscompetitionstarvetodeathorbecomevictimstootherspecies.Thisstruggleforexistencedoesnotresemblehumanwar,butratherthecompetitionofindividualsforjobs,markets,andmaterials.Theessenceofthestruggleisthecompetitionforthenecessitiesoflifethatareinsufficienttosatisfyall.

Amongnationsthereiscompetitionindevelopingresources,trades,skills,andasatisfactorywayoflife.Thesuccessfulnationsgrowandproduceeffortstoexpandterritoryattheexpenseofothers,andthusleadtoconflict.Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesthedefinitionsofsometerminorderto（）

2.Accordingtotheauthor,competitiondiffersfromconflictinthat（）.

3.Thephrase“functioninthedisserviceofoneanother”mostprobablymeans（）

4.Theauthorindicatesinthepassagethatconflict（）.

5.Thepassageisprobablyintendedtoanswerthequestion“（）'

问题1选项

A.argueforthesimilaritiesbetweenanimalsocietiesandhumansocieties

B.smoothouttheconflictsinhumansocieties

C.distinguishbetweentwokindsofopposition

D.summarizethecharacteristicfeaturesofoppositionandcooperation

问题2选项

A.itresultsinwarinmostcases

B.itinduceseffortstoexpandterritory

C.itisakindofoppositionamongsocialentities

D.itisessentiallyastruggleforexistence

问题3选项

A.betrayeachother

B.harmoneanother

C.helptocollaboratewitheachother

D.benefitoneanother

问题4选项

A.isaninevitablestruggleresultingfromcompetition

B.reflectsthestruggleamongsocialanimals

C.isanoppositionamongindividualsocialentities

D.canbeavoided

问题5选项

A.Whyisthereconflictandcompetition?

B.Isconflictdesirable?

C.Iswarinevitable?

D.Cancompetitionleadtoconflict?

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:D

第3题:B

第4题:D

第5题:C

【解析】1.根据题干定位至第一段。作者给出一些两种对抗术语的定义是为了将两种对抗加以区分。C项正确。

2.题干问的是竞争对比冲突的不同在于什么。定位至第二段：Manyauthorshavearguedfortheinevitabilityofwarfromthepremisethatinthestruggleforexistenceamonganimalspecies,onlythefittestsurvive.Ingeneral,however,thisstruggleinnatureiscompetition,notconflict（许多作家根据动物世界为生存而进行的斗争中具有适者生存的规律这一点，认为战争是不可避免的。通常来讲，这种斗争从本质上来说是竞争，而不是冲突）。据此可知，竞争不同于冲突是因为竞争从本质上来说是为了生存。

3.根据题干定位至第一段：Conflictandcompetitionarebothcategoriesofopposition,whichhasbeendefinedasaprocessbywhichsocialentitiesfunctioninthedisserviceofoneanother.（冲突和竞争都是对立的范畴，被定义为社会实体互相伤害的过程）。因此，该短语为互相伤害。

4.文章最后指出：Itcannotbesaidthatwar-likeconflictamongnationsisinevitable,althoughcompetitionis（尽管竞争不可避免，却不能认为国家间类似于战争的冲突也是不可避免的）。据此可知，作者认为冲突是可以避免的，D项正确。

5.文章开篇点明主题：Thequestionofwhetherwarisinevitableisonewhichhasconcernedmanyoftheworld’sgreatwriters（一个让世界上许多伟大的作家忧心的问题是：战争是否不可避免）。后文从各方面论述了“战争是否不可避免”这个问题。

13.翻译题

6.Insteadofbeingapproachedbyhumanpersonnel,thebankfoyerisstaffedbyarobot,whichservesasthebanklobbymanager,andisabletocommunicatewithcustomerstomeettheirneedsandsolvetheirproblems.Thedifferencebetweenatraditionalself-servicebankandtheunmannedbankistheintelligentself-serviceequipmentwhichisabletoaccessvariousbankingserviceswithinthebranch.

【答案】【参考译文】

6.在银行大厅迎客的不是人类员工，而是作为银行大堂经理配备的一个机器人，它能与客户交流互动以满足其需要并解决其问题。传统的自助银行和无人银行之间的区别在于智能自助服务设备，它能够访问分支机构内的各种银行服务。

14.填空题

Peopleareoften（1）whentheyseethatIhavefiveumbrellasintheroom.Thetruthisthattheyaren’tallmine.Severalvisitorshave（2）umbrellasintheoffice.Idon'tknowwhythis（3）

happening.MaybeIshouldputupa（4）bythedoorremindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo.

大意:当他们看见房间里有5把伞的时候，通常会感到困惑。真相是，不是所有的雨伞都是我的。很多来访者遗留到办公室的。我不知道为什么一直会这样。也许，我应该在门口贴张便利贴，以提醒他们走的时候带上雨伞。

【答案】1.puzzled

2.left

3.keeps

4.note

【解析】1.词汇题。根据句中“当他们看见房间里有5把伞的时候”推测,主句部分为:人们通常感到困惑。

2.词汇题。句意:很多来访者遗留到办公室的。而且此处应填动词的过去分词,即left。

3.词汇题。句意:为什么这件事总在发生。空后为happening，因此填keep语义跟语法上都符合。

4.词汇题。根据后面的remindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo以及前面的putup推测此处应填note(便利贴)。

15.翻译题

加拿大移民条例虽不把英籍香港华人与其他英国殖民地人民一视同仁，然加拿大比美国较为关心香港移民却是千真万确的事。1962年，加拿大方面鉴于香港难民众多，在各方呼吁下，自动提出愿意接受香港方面100个家庭单位来加。多伦多《明星报》（TorontoStar）在3月23日的社论中还讥讽其为一种姿态罢了。其实，移民局早已着手调查，寻找符合条件并愿意赴加的家庭。还有一些组织和机构，如“教会联合总会”（GeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch）于9月开会时曾大声疾呼加拿大应该容纳香港难民10000名。11月21日第一批来自香港的家庭抵加，至年底计有62个家庭单位，合共人数139名由港抵加。11月16日，贝尔宣布调查中国移民舞弊案结束。移民局长表示那些在加华人如愿归化入籍，手续将加以简化。反对党派、舆论界、加拿大华人团体一致拥护移民局的这项宣布。

【答案】ItistruethatCanadaismoreconcernedaboutHongKongimmigrationthantheUnitedStates,althoughCanada’simmigrationlawsdonottreatBritishHongKongChineseasequalstootherBritishcolonists.In1962,inviewofthelargenumberofrefugeesinHongKong,Canadavoluntarilyofferedtoaccept100familyunitsfromHongKongundertheappealofallparties,whichhasbeensatirizedasapracticeofformalismbyTorontoStar’sEditorialonMarch23th.ButthetruthistheImmigrationAuthorityhasalreadyundertakinginvestigation,lookingforqualifiedfamilieswhoarewillingtoCanada.Otherinstitutionsandorganization,suchastheGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurch,haveclamoredinmeetingCanadashouldaccept10000HongKongrefugeesGeneralCounciloftheUnitedChurchinSeptember.OnNovember21th,thefirstbatchoffamilyfromHongKongarrivedinCanada.Anestimated62familyunitfromHongKong,totalnumberof139followingtillthisyearend.OnNovember16,BaerannouncedtheendofChineseImmigrationFraudinvestigation.TheimmigrationministersaystheprocesswillbesimplifiedforthoseChineseinCanadawhowanttobecomenaturalized.Oppositionparties,opinionmakersandtheChineseCanadiancommunityallsupportedtheannouncement.

16.单选题

Ifyouwanttoclarifythefact,youneedtwowitnessesto______thatthisisyoursignature.

问题1选项

A.notify

B.certify

C.assure

D.assume

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项notify“通告，通知；公布”；B选项certify“证明；保证”；C选项assure“向……保证；使确定；保证；使相信”；D选项assume“设想；假定”。certify和assure都是及物动词，但certify后一般接从句，assure后一般接人称代词，意为“向……保证”。句意：如果你想澄清事实，你需要两个证人来证明这是你的签名。因此B选项正确。

17.单选题

Ourassociation,whichhasconsistentlypressedforgreateremploymentopportunitiesforthedisabled,willpublish,（）proposalsinthenearfuture.

问题1选项

A.their

B.our

C.his

D.its

【答案】D

【解析】考查代词的用法。从association后的定语从句可以看出，这里的association是作为一个整体概念出现的，因此谓语用单数形式haspressed，那么后面对应的形容词性物主代词也应该表示单数概念，A选项their“他们的”，B选项our“我们的”是复数概念，排除A，B。association是物不是人，C选项his“他的”用来指人，D选项its“它的”用来指物。因此D选项正确。

18.单选题

Itispolitelyrequestedbythehotelmanagementthatthepiano（）after11ofo’clockatnight.

问题1选项

A.wasnotplayed

B.nottoplay

C.notbeplayed

D.didnotplay

【答案】C

【解析】考查虚拟语气。在itis+表示要求、建议、必要、命令意思的形容词或分词+主语从句的结构中。句子使用虚拟语气。其结构是“should+动词原形”，should可以省略，且此处表示被动。本句句型是：Itisrequestedbysbthat…，所以句子要用虚拟语气。句意：饭店管理部门恳请客人晚上11点以后不要打开收音机。所以本题选择C选项正确。

19.单选题

Duringpregnancy,thebloodcarriesessential____andoxygentothedevelopingbabyandcarriesawaywaste.

问题1选项

A.nutrients

B.nuisance

C.initiatives

D.ration

【答案】A

【解析】考查上下文语义。A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”；B选项nuisance“损害；麻烦事”；C选项initiatives“倡议”；D选项ration“配给量，定量”。句意：在怀孕期间，血液携带必要的____和氧气给发育中的婴儿，并带走废物。空格词与氧气并列，都是婴儿需要地东西，A选项nutrients“营养物；养分”最符合句意。因此，本题最佳选项为A。

20.单选题

Thelocalgovernmenthas（）thelandownerstofishthesewaters.

问题1选项

A.transformed

B.ransferred

C.licensed

D.allocated

【答案】C

【解析】动词辨析。句意：当地政府已经（）地主在河里钓鱼。transformed转变；transferred移动、转移；licensed许可；allocated分配。故选C。

21.单选题

Duringperiodsofsocialandculturalstability,manyartacademiesaresofirmlycontrolledbythatallrealcreativeworkmustbedoneby（

）thedisenfranchised.

问题1选项

A.managers

B.dogmatists

C.imposters

D.specialists

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。disenfranchised被剥夺公民权的；manager“经理；管理人员”；dogmatist“教条主义者；独断家；独断论者”；imposter“骗子；冒名顶替者”；specialist“专家；专门医师”。句意：在社会和文化稳定时期，很多艺术学院如此牢固地被教条主义者控制，以至于所有真正有创造性的工作都由被剥夺了公民权的人来完成。由allrealcreativeworkmustbedonebythedisenfranchised.可知B项符合题意。

22.单选题

Shellfishgivethe（）appearanceofenjoyingapeacefulexistencealthoughinfactlifeisaconstantstruggleforthem.

问题1选项

A.misled

B.deceptive

C.initial

D.understandable

【答案】B

【解析】句意：贝壳鱼给人一种享受平静生活的假象,但实际上它们的生活是一场不断的斗争。misled为动词,把...带错方向,误导,放在此处不符合语法；deceptive迷惑的,虚伪的；initial最初的；understandable可以理解的。选项B符合句意。

23.单选题

Technologicaldevelopments（）newskillsinmanyindustries，leavingthoseworkerswithoutdatedskillsoutofwork.

问题1选项

A.necessitate

B.associate

C.negotiate

D.differentiate

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项necessitate“使成为必要，需要”，B选项associate“联想，联系”，C选项negotiate“谈判，商议”，D选项differentiate“区分，使有差别”。句意：技术的发展使许多行业产生了新技能，使那些拥有过时技能的工人失业。因此，A选项符合句意。

24.单选题

Inthemid-1990s,threeseniorfemaleprofessorsatM.I.T.cametosuspectthattheircareershadbeenhamperedbysimilarpatternsofmarginalization.（1）Afterperformingtheinvestigationandstudyingthedata,thecommitteeconcludedthatthemarginalizationexperiencedbyfemalescientistsatM.I.T.“wasoftenaccompaniedbydifferencesinsalary,space，awards,resourcesandresponsetooutsideoffersbetweenmenandwomenfaculty,withwomenreceivinglessdespiteprofessionalaccomplishmentsequaltothoseoftheircolleagues.”Thedeanconcurredwiththecommittee’sfindings.Andyet,aswasnotedinthecommittee’sreport,hisfellowadministrators“resistedthenotionthattherewasanyproblemthatarosefromgenderbiasinthetreatmentofthewomenfaculty.SomearguedthatitwasthemasculinecultureofM.I.T.thatwastoblame,andlittlecouldbedonetochangethat.”

（2）

Thecommittee’smostevocativefindingwasthatthediscriminationfacingfemalescientistsinthefinalquarterof20thcenturywasqualitativelydifferentfromthemoreobviousformsofsexismaddressedbycivilrightslawsandaffirmativeaction,butnolessreal.NoteveryoneagreesthatwhatwasuncoveredatM.I.T.actuallyqualifiesasdiscrimination.

（3）

Eveniffemaleprofessorshavebeenshortchangedorshuntedaside,theirmarginalizationmightbearesultofthesamesortsofdepartmentalinfighting,personalityconflictsand“mistakenimpressionsthatcausemalefacultymemberstofeelslightedaswell.‘‘Perceptionsofdiscriminationareevidenceofnothingbutsubjectivefeelings,”Kleinfeldscoffs.

（4）

InFebruary2012,theAmericanInstituteofPhysicspublishedasurveyof15,000maleandfemalephysicistsacross130countries.

（5）

“Infact,”theresearchersconcluded，“womenphysicistscouldbethemajorityinsomehypotheticalfutureyetstillfindtheircareersexperienceproblemsthatstemfromoftenunconsciousbias.”

问题1选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题2选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题3选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthansex.

B.JudithKleinfeld,aprofessoremeritusinthepsychologydepartmentattheUniversityofAlaska,arguesthattheM.I.T.studyisn’tpersuasivebecausethenumberoffacultymembersinvolvedistoosmallanduniversityofficialsrefusetoreleasethedata.

C.Butbroaderstudiesshowthattheperceptionofdiscriminationisoftenaccompaniedbyaveryrealdifferenceintheallotmentofresources.

D.Yetwomenpursuingtenuretrackmustleaphurdlesthatarehigherthanthosefacingtheirmalecompetitors,oftenwithoutrealizinganysuchdisparityexists.

E.Inotherwords,womendidn’tbecomescientistsbecausescience—andscientists—weremale.

F.Theytookthemattertothedean,whoappointedacommitteeofsixseniorwomenandthreeseniormentoinvestigatetheirconcerns.

问题4选项

A.Inalmostallcultures,femalescientistsreceivedlessfinancing,labspace,officesupportandgrantsforequipmentandtravel,evenaftertheresearcherscontrolledfordifferencesotherthans