考研考博-英语-四川民族学院考试押题三合一+答案详解篇

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川民族学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

问题1选项

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作证；charge起诉；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能为此案作证的人,因为其他证人都被神秘地杀害了。选项A符合句意。

2.单选题

Manypeopleare（

）toinsectbites,andsomeevenhavetogotohospital.

问题1选项

A.insensitive

B.allergic

C.sensible

D.infected

【答案】B

【解析】形容词辨析。句意:很多人对蚊虫叮咬（

），有些甚至不得不去医院治疗。

Insensitive感觉迟钝的;allergic过敏的,例如beallergicto对某事或某物过敏;sensible理智的;infected被感染的。故选B。

3.单选题

Heenjoyedthedessertsomuchthatheacceptedasecond（）whenitwasoffered.

问题1选项

A.loading

B.piling

C.helping

D.sharing

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项loading“装载；装货；装载的货”；B选项piling“地桩；打桩；桩材；打桩工程”；C选项helping“（食物的）一份”；D选项sharing“公用，共享”。句意：他非常喜欢甜点，所以当有人给他第二份时，他接受了。因此C选项正确。

4.单选题

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

问题1选项

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信赖,信心;shelter庇护,避难所,遮盖物;inclination倾向,爱好。句意：知识是我们老年时舒适而必要的退隐之所;如果我们年轻时不准备,年老时就得不到它的庇护。选项C符合句意。

5.单选题

Haveyouthoughtwhatthe（）mightbeifyoudidn’twinyourcaseincourt?

问题1选项

A.applications

B.connotations

C.implications

D.complications

【答案】D

【解析】本题考查了同形词辨析。applications“应用；试用”；connotations“内涵；含义”；implications“含义”；complications“并发症；难题”，根据ifyoudidn’twinyourcase“如果你没有赢得官司”，可知此处要表达的意思是会遇到难题、困境，所以此处应该选择名词complications，故正确答案为选项D。句意为：你有没有想过如果你没有赢得这场官司，你将会面临何种难题？

6.不定项选择题

SoutheastAsiahasauniqueabundanceanddiversityofglidinganimals,flyingsquirrels,flyingfrogs,andflyinglizardswithwingsofskinthatenablethemtoglidethroughthetropicalforest.Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.ButwhatisspecialaboutSoutheastAsianrainforests?

ScientistshaveproposedvarioustheoriestoexplainthediversityofglidinganimalsinSoutheastAsia.Thefirsttheorymightbecalledthetall-treeshypothesis.TheforestsofSoutheastAsiaaretallerthanforestselsewhereduetothedominationofthedipterocarp(龙脑香料树)family:afamilyoftall,tropicalhardwoodtrees.Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.Thisargumenthasseveralflaws,however.First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.

Asecondtheory,whichwemightcallthebroken-foresthypothesis,speculatesthatthetoplayeroftheforest-thetreecanopyhasfewerwoodyvinesconnectingtreecrownsinSoutheastAsianforeststhaninNewWorldandAfricanforests.Asaresult,animalsmustriskdescendingtothegroundorglidetomovebetweentrees.Inaddition,thetreecanopyispresumedtobemoreuneveninheightinAsianforests,duetothepresenceofthetalldipterocarptreeswithlowertreesbetweenthem,againfavoringglidinganimals.Yetecologistswhoworkindifferentregionsoftheworldobservetremendouslocalvariationintreeheight,canopystructure,andabundanceofvines,dependingonthesiteconditionsofsoil,climate,slopeelevation,andlocaldisturbance.OnecanfindmanylocationsinSoutheastAsiawherethereareabundantwoodyvinesandnumerousconnectionsbetweentreesandsimilarlymanyAmazonianforestswithfewwoodyvines.

Afinaltheorydiffersfromtheothersinsuggestingthatitisthepresenceofdipterocarptreesthemselvesthatisdrivingtheevolutionofglidingspecies.(A)Accordingtothisview.Dipterocarpforestscanbefood-desertsfortheanimalsthatliveinthem.(B)Theanimalslivingindipterocarpforeststhathaveevolvedglidingconsistoftwomainfeedinggroups:leafeatersandcarnivoresthatcatsmallpreysuchasinsectsandsmallvertebrates.(C)Forleaf-eatinggliderstheproblemisnottheabsenceofanyleavesbutthedesert-likeabsenceofedibleleaves.Dipterocarptreesoftenaccountfor50percentormoreofthetotalnumberofcanopytreesinaforestandover95percentofthelargetrees,yetdipterocarpleavesareunavailabletomostvertebrateplanteatersbecauseofthehighconcentrationoftoxicchemicalsintheirleaves.(D)Manyspeciesofglidinganimalsavoideatingdipterocarpleavesandsomusttravelwidelythroughtheforest,bypassingthedipterocarptrees,tofindtheleavestheyneedtoeat.Andglidingisamoreefficientmanneroftravelingbetweentreesthandescendingtothegroundandwalkingorelsejumpingbetweentrees.

Manycarnivorousanimalsalsomayneedtosearchmorewidelyforfoodduetothelowerabundanceofinsectsandotherprey.Thisiscausedbydipterocarp’irregularfloweringandfruitingcyclesoftwo-toseven-yearintervals,causingascarcityoftheflowers,fruits,seeds,andseedlingsthatarethestartingpointofsomanyfoodchains.Thelowerabundanceofpreyindipterocarpforestsforcesanimalssuchaslizardsandgeckostomovebetweentreecrownsinsearchoffood,withglidingbeingthemostefficientmeans.

61.Accordingtoparagraph1,whatquestionaboutglidingspeciesareresearcherstryingtoanswer?

62.Accordingtoparagraph1,itisgenerallythoughtthattheabilitytoglideisusefultoforest-dwellingspeciesbecausegliding______.

63.Theword“scattered”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto______.

64.Allofthefollowingarementionedinparagraph2insupportofthetall-treeshypothesisEXCFPT:______.

65.SelecttheTWOanswerchoicesthatpointtoflawsinthetall-treehypothesis,accordingtoparagraph2.Toreceivecredit,youmustSelectTWOanswers.

问题1选项

A.WhyittookmillionsofyearsforglidinganimalstoevolveinthetropicalforestsofSoutheastAsia.

B.Whyglidinganimals,thoughrareinmosttropicalforests,haveevolvedinsomanydifferentfamiliesinSoutheastAsia.

C.WhyglidinganimalevolvedinmanytropicalforestsinSoutheastAsiabeforetheyevolvedinanyofthetropicalforestselsewhereintheworld.

D.Whyglidinganimalsevolvedonlyintropicalrainforests.

问题2选项

A.allowsthemtoadapttoawidevarietyofforestconditions

B.eliminatestheneedtotravellongdistancesinsearchoffood

C.providesarapid,energy-efficientwayofdescendingfromthetopofatreetotheground

D.enablesthemtomovethroughtheforestwithoutbeingexposedtopredatorsontheground

问题3选项

A.hardtofind

B.seasonallyavailable

C.widelyseparated

D.highlyvaried

问题4选项

A.Talltreesmakelongerglidespossible.

B.Talltreesmakebuildingupspeedinadivepossible.

C.Talltreesmakeglidingfromthemiddleoftreetrunkspossible.

D.Tall-treeforestshavelowerwindspeeds.

问题5选项

A.Manyglidinganimalsareunabletoascendtothetopsoftalltrees.

B.GlidinganimalsarenotevenlydistributedthroughouttheforestsoftheSoutheastAsianregion.

C.InSoutheastAsia,manyglidinganimalsarcfoundinplaceswheretreestendtoberelativelyshort.

D.Manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfrompositionsmidwayupthetrunksoftrees.

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:C、D

【解析】61.细节判断题。题干意思是“根据第一段，研究人员试图回答关于滑翔物种的什么问题？”。根据第一段中的一个问题Whatcouldbetheexplanationforthegreatdiversityinthisregionandthescarcityofsuchanimalsinothertropicalforests?（如何解释这一地区的物种多样性和其他热带雨林中此类动物的稀缺？），由此可推断，文章第一段想要回答的内容是：尽管其他热带雨林中滑翔动物稀缺，但是为什么在东南亚热带雨林中会衍生出许多滑翔物种呢？故B项“为什么滑翔动物，虽然在大多数热带森林很罕见，在东南亚有这么多不同的家族进化”符合题意。A项“为什么滑翔动物花了数百万年才在东南亚的热带森林中进化”，第一段没有提到滑翔物种进化的时间；C项“为什么滑翔动物在世界其他地方的热带森林中进化之前就在东南亚的许多热带森林中进化”表述与原文不符；D项“为什么滑翔动物只在热带雨林中进化”表述错误，文章第一段指出的是滑翔动物在大多数热带雨林中都稀缺。因此，该题选择B项正确。

62.细节事实题。题干意思是“根据第一段，人们普遍认为滑翔能力对居住在森林里的物种是有用的，因为滑翔……”。根据第一段倒数第二句Glidinghasgenerallybeenviewedaseitherameansofescapingpredators,byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources.（滑翔通常被认为是一种躲避捕食者的方法，因为它可以让动物在树间移动而不会落到地面上，或者是一种在分散的资源之间进行长距离运动的高效能量的方式）可知，滑翔可以使动物躲避捕食者，D项“使它们能够在森林中穿行而不暴露于地面上的捕食者”正确。A项“允许它们适应各种各样的森林条件”没有提及；B项“消除了长途跋涉寻找食物的需要”和C项“提供了一个快速、节能的方式从树的顶部下降到地面”不符合原文。因此，该题选择D项正确。

63.语义推测题。题干意思是“‘scattered’一词在文章中的意思最接近……”。scattered一词出现在第一段第三句byallowinganimalstomovebetweentreeswithoutdescendingtotheground,orasanenergeticallyefficientwayoftravelinglongdistancesbetweenscatteredresources（让动物在树间移动而不会落到地面上，或者是一种在分散的资源之间进行长距离运动的高效能量的方式），scatter本义是“使分散，使散开”；根据原文语境推断，这里的意思是“滑翔作为一种省力有效的方式能够使动物在分散的丛林中长途跋涉”，故C项“广泛的分散”符合题意。A项“很难找到”、B项“季节性”和D项“高度多样性”都不正确。因此，该题选择C项正确。

64.细节判断题。题干意思是“在第二段中提到了所有支持‘高大树木假说’的内容，除了……”。根据第二段第四句Tallertreescouldallowforlongerglidesandtheopportunitytobuildupspeedinadivebeforegliding.（树木越高，滑翔的时间越长，在滑翔之前就有机会提高速度）和第五句Thelowerwindspeedsintall-treeforestsmightalsocontributebyprovidingamoreadvantageoussituationforglidingbetweentrees.（高树森林中较低的风速也可能为树木之间的滑翔提供了更有利的条件）可推断，A项“高大的树木使更长时间的滑翔成为可能”、B项“高大的树木使在俯冲中加速成为可能”和D项“高大的森林有较低的风速”都是支持“高大树木假说”的内容；在第二段最后两句提到了“高大树木假说”的不足之处，Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（显然，滑翔动物的活动不需要高大的树木；此外，许多滑翔动物从树干中间开始滑翔，甚至不爬到树顶起飞），所以C项“高大的树使从树干中间滑行成为可能”是不支持“高大树木假说”。因此，该题选择C项正确。

65.细节推断题。题干意思是“根据第二段，选择两项有关‘高大树木假说’这一理论的不足的描述；要获得分，您必须选择两个答案”。根据题干定位到文章第二段，第二段后半部分讲述了“高大树木假说”的不足：First,glidinganimalsarefoundthroughouttheSoutheastAsianregion,eveninrelativelyshort-statureforestsfoundinthenorthernrangeoftherainforestinChina,Vietnam,andThailand.Someglidersalsothriveinlowsecondaryforests,plantations,andevencityparks.Clearly,glidinganimalsdonotrequiretalltreesfortheiractivities.Inaddition,manyglidinganimalsbegintheirglidesfromthemiddleoftreetrunks,notevenascendingtothetopsoftreestotakeoff.（首先，整个东南亚地区都有滑翔动物，甚至在中国、越南和泰国热带雨林北部的相对矮小的森林中也有。一些滑翔动物也在低矮的次生林、种植园甚至城市公园中茁壮成长。显然，滑翔动物的活动不需要高大的树木。此外，许多滑翔动物从树干中间开始滑翔，甚至不爬到树顶起飞。）由此可得出这一不足之处有两点：第一是在东南亚地区许多滑翔动物被发现生活在树木相对较矮的丛林里，第二是许多滑翔动物不一定爬到树木的顶端开始滑翔，有些也可以从树木的树干中间位置开始滑翔。故C项“在东南亚，许多滑翔动物在树木相对较矮的地方被发现”和D项“许多滑翔动物从树干中间的位置开始滑翔”是正确的。A项“许多能滑翔的动物不能爬到高高的树顶”，第二段没有提到滑翔动物不能爬到高高的树顶，这是无中生有；B项“滑翔动物在东南亚地区的森林中分布不均匀”，这与原文不符，原文提到“整个东南亚地区都有滑翔动物”。因此，该题选择C项和D项正确。

7.单选题

Bothchildrenseemtobedoingeverythingtheycouldto（）me,whenIwasalreadyinabadmoodbeforegettinghome.

问题1选项

A.agitate

B.aggravate

C.aggregate

D.alleviate

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项agitate“摇动；骚动；使激动”；B选项aggravate“加重；使恶化；激怒”；C选项aggregate“集合；聚集；合计”；D选项alleviate“减轻，缓解”。句意：当我在回家之前就已经心情不好的时候，两个孩子似乎在尽他们所能来缓解我的情绪。根据句意可知D选项正确。

8.单选题

Thisspeculation(acoursetaughtwithtechnologyhelpsstudentslearnmorethantheonetaughtintheliveclassroom)isnotbaseless:studiescomparingtechnology-basedandtraditionalcourseofferingsarebeginningtoappearwithregularity,andtechnologyislookingbetteralltime.UniversitiesthatspecializeindistanceeducationarelearninghowtousemultimediacoursewareandtheInterneteffectivelyandthequalityoftheirofferingsisgainingincreasingrecognition.Whenstudentsinthenearfuturehaveachoicebetween(a)attendingpassivelecturesatfixedlocationsandtimesinacampus-basedcurriculumand(b)completinginteractivemultimediatutorialsatanyconvenientplaceandtimeinadistance-basedcurriculum,guesswhichalternativemoreofthemwillbegintochoose.

Thisisnottosaythattechnologyisapanacea.Passiveinstructionaltechnology-e.g.,simplypointingavideocameraataconventionallectureorusingtheWebonlytodisplaytextandpictures—doesnotpromotemuchlearning,nomatterhowdynamicthelecturerorhowcolorfulthegraphicimages.Moreover,evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely,suchasadvising,encouraging,motivating,andservingasrolemodelsforstudents,helpingthemdevelopthecommunicationandinterpersonalskillstheywillneedtosucceedintheircareers,andgettingthemtoteachandlearnfromoneanother.Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;itisunlikelythatanyonewilleverbeabletodothesameforasoftwarepackage.

Here,then,iswhatourcrystalballsaysaboutthefutureofhighereducation.Anincreasingshareofundergraduatedegreeswillbeearnedinwell-designeddistance-basedprogramsatconventionaluniversitiesandinstitutionswithoutwallsliketheBritishOpenUniversity,andanincreasingnumberofpeoplewillbypasscollegealtogetherandseekcompetency-basedcertificationinfieldslikeinformationtechnology.Somehighlyrankedresearchuniversitieswillstillteachtraditionallyandcontinuetoattractundergraduatesbyvirtueoftheirprestige,servingprimarilyastraininggroundsforgraduateschools.Manyofthemuchgreaternumberoflessprestigiousuniversitieswilltrytokeepdoingbusinessasusual,buthavingtocompeteforashrinkingpoolofundergraduateswillforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.Andagrowingnumberofuniversitieswillsystematicallyincorporateinteractivemultimedia-basedinstructionalsoftwareintheirliveclassroom-basedcourses,makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.Theseuniversitieswillcontinuetothrive—andtheywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

1.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorsuggeststhat（）.

2."apanacea"(Line1,2ndparagraph)probablymeans（）.

3.Itisimpliedinthesecondparagraphthat（）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthefutureofmostuniversities?

5.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheroleofaprofessorinthefutureclassroom?

问题1选项

A.technologybasedcourseslookbetterthantraditionalcourses

B.thequalityofmultimediacoursewareisnotclear

C.morestudentswillchoosetechnology-baseddistancelearning

D.someuniversitieswillspecializeindistanceeducationwhileotherswon't

问题2选项

A.asolutiontoallproblems

B.awonderfulinvention

C.amachineteacher

D.ausefulfacilitator

问题3选项

A.qualifiedteachersplayavitalroleinshapingstudents'life

B.it'steachers'jobtobuildacareerfortheirstudents

C.asophisticatedsoftwarepackageislikelytoreplaceateacher

D.aconventionallectureisalwayspassive

问题4选项

A.Theyhavetoclosetheirdoorsandturntobusiness.

B.Theywillprovidethebestcollegeeducation.

C.Theywillshrinkbecauseoflessstudents.

D.Theyhavetochangeortheywillbeoutofbusiness.

问题5选项

A.Anadviser

B.Atransmitter

C.Aninstructor

D.Atrainers

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:A

第4题:D

第5题:A

【解析】1.根据第一段第一句可知，作者认为用技术授课的课程比在现场课堂授课的课程更能帮助学生学习的这种推测并非毫无依据，说明作者赞成越来越多的同学会选择基于技术的远程学习课程。选项C正确。

2.第二段的主要内容是讲基于技术课程的缺点和不足。由此推断，这里应该是指技术不是万能的。选项A正确。

3.根据第二段的第三句“evenatitsbesttechnologywillneverbeabletodosomethingsthatfirst-rateteachersdoroutinely.”即使再好的技术也永远无法做一些一流的教师经常做的事情。以及倒数第二句“Mostsuccessfulpeoplecanthinkbacktoatleastonegiftedteacherwhochangedtheirlivesbydoingoneormoreofthesethings;”大多数成功人士都能回想起至少一位有才华的教师，他通过做一件或多件这样的事情改变了他们的生活。由此推断：合格的教师在塑造学生的生活中起着至关重要的作用。选项A正确。

4.根据最后一段的倒数第三句“...willforcethemtoeitherchangetheirpracticesorclosetheirdoors.”许多大学还在努力维持以往的办学模式，他们要么被迫做出改变，要么只能关门大吉。选项D符合原文。

5.根据最后一段的倒数第二句“...makingsurethatthecoursesaretaughtbyprofessorswhoserveastruementorstotheirstudentsandnotjusttransmittersofinformation.”确保授课教师是学生的真正导师，而不仅仅是信息的传播者。选项A正确。

9.单选题

Duringadolescence,thedevelopmentof,politicalideologybecomesapparentintheindividualideologyhereisdefinedasthepresenceofroughlyconsistentattitudes,moreorlessorganizedinreferencetoamoreencompassing,thoughperhapstacit,setofgeneralprinciples.Assuch,politicalideologyisdimorabsentatthebeginningofadolescence.Itsacquisitionbytheadolescent,ineventhemostmodestsense,requirestheacquisitionofrelativelysophisticatedcognitiveskills:theabilitytomanageabstractness,tosynthesizeandgeneralize,toimaginethefuture.Theseareaccompaniedbyasteadyadvanceintheabilitytounderstandprinciples.

Thechild’rapidacquisitionofpoliticalknowledgealsopromotesthegrowthofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence.Byknowledge,Imeanmorethanthedreary"facts",suchasthecompositionofcountygovernmentthatthechildisexposedtointheconventionalninth-gradecivicscourse.NordoImeanonlyinformationoncurrentpoliticalrealities.Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundof,understanding,forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.Whenhighlygiftedstudentsinanydomaintalkaboutanignoranceof"facts",butfromanincompletecomprehensionofthecommonconventionsofthesystem,ofwhatisandisnotcustomarilydone,andofhowandwhyitisorisnotdone.

YetIdonotwanttooveremphasizethesignificanceofincreasedpoliticalknowledgeinformingadolescentideology.OvertheyearsIhavebecomeprogressivelydisenchantedaboutthecentralityofsuchknowledgeandhavecometobelievethatmuchcurrentworkinpolitical-socialization,byrelyingtooheavilyonitsapparentacquisition,hasbeenmisledaboutthetempoofpoliticalunderstandinginadolescence.Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.

Likemagpies,children'smindspickupbitsandpiecesofdatA.Ifyouencouragethem,theywilldroptheseatyourfeet-republicansandDemocrats,thetripartitedivisionofthefederalsystem,perhapseventhecapitalofMassachusetts.Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.

86.Theauthorsprimarypurposeinthepassageisto（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingcontributestothedevelopmentofpoliticalideologyduringadolescence?

3.Theauthorusestheterm"commongroundofunderstanding"(ParA.2)toreferto（）.

4.Thepassagesuggeststhat,duringearlyadolescence,achildwouldfindwhichofthefollowingmostdifficulttounderstand?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutschools?

问题1选项

A.clarifythekindsofunderstandinganadolescentmusthaveinordertodevelopapoliticalideology.

B.disputethetheorythatapoliticalideologycanbeacquiredduringadolescence

C.explainwhyadolescentsaregenerallyuninterestedinpoliticalargument

D.suggestvariousmeansofencouragingadolescentstodeveloppersonalpoliticalideologies

问题2选项

A.Consciousrecognitionbytheadolescentofhisorherownnaivete

B.Thoroughcomprehensionoftheconceptofordination

C.Evaluationbytheadolescentofthegeneralprinciplesencompassinghisorherspecificpoliticalideas.

D.Intuitiveunderstandingofrelationshipsamongvariouscomponentsofsociety

问题3选项

A.familiarlegislationregardingpoliticalactivity

B.theexperiencesthatalladolescentsshare

C.asociety'sgeneralsenseofitsownpoliticalactivity

D.asociety'swillingnesstoresolvepoliticaltensions

问题4选项

A.Abookchroniclingthewaysinwhichthepresidentialinaugurationceremonyhaschangedovertheyears.

B.AnessayinwhichanincidentinBritishhistoryisusedtoexplainthesystemofmonarchicsuccession

C.Asummaryoftherespectiveresponsibilitiesofthelegislative,executive,andjudicialbranchesofgovernment.

D.Adebateinwhichtheparticipantsargue,respectively,thatthefederalgovernmentshouldorshouldnotsupportprivateschools.

问题5选项

A.Theyshouldpresentpoliticalinformationaccordingtocarefullyplannedandschematicarrangements

B.Theythemselvesconstitutepartofageneralsociopoliticalsystemthatadolescentsarelearningtounderstand.

C.Iftheytointroducepoeticalsubjectmatterintheprimarygrades,studentswouldunderstandcurrentpoliticalrealitiesatanearlierage

D.Theyareineffectualtothedegreethattheydisregardadolescents'politicalnaivete

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:D

第5题:B

【解析】1.主旨大意题。题干大意询问作者想要通过本文表达什么。读完原文可知，文章讨论的主要是青少年阶段政治观念的形成，从不同的方面论述了政治观念形成所必需的几种认知技能。作者先后对politicalideology和politicalknowledge进行了界定。第三段中提及许多研究过分依赖后者（政治知识）的获得，指出这是不正确的做法，A项翻译为“必须要澄清理解青少年的方式，以便提出一种政治上的观念”。该选项符合题意，正确。

2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到原文第二段第四句“Thesearefacetsofknowledge,buttheyarelesscriticalthantheadolescent'sabsorption,oftenunwittingly,ofafeelingforthosemanyunspokenassumptionsaboutthepoliticalsystemthatcomprisethecommongroundofunderstanding.”，中文翻译为：这些都是知识的方面，但它们比青少年吸收（通常是无意间吸收）许多关于政治制度的潜移默化的想法要重要得多，这些假设构成了理解共识。“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa，orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”中文翻译为：例如，国家可以“适当地”要求公民什么，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构如学校和教会的“适当”关系。”以及“Thus,politicalknowledgeistheawarenessofsocialassumptionsandrelationshipsaswellasofobjectivefactsmuchofthenativethatcharacterizedtheyoungeradolescent'sgraspofpoliticsstemsnotfrom.”，中文翻译为：因此，政治知识是对社会假设和关系的认识，也是对客观事实的认识。因此，综合得知，D项正确。

3.词义猜测题。根据题干中关键短语“commongroundofunderstanding”可以定位到原文第二段后这一短语后的举例“forexample,whatthestatecan“appropriately”demandofitscitizens,andviceversa,orthe“proper”relationshipofgovernmenttosubsidiarysocialinstitutions,suchastheschoolsandchurches.”，中文翻译为：例如，国家可以“适当地”要求公民什么，反之亦然，或者政府与附属社会机构如学校和教会的“适当”关系。以及后文的意思可知，“理解共识”指的就是社会对诸如国家和公民之间相互的正当需求、政府与社会机构之间的正常关系等在理解上的一种认识。因此，最佳答案为C项。

4.推理判断题。原文第一段谈及政治意识形态在青春期之初是模糊或缺失的。由题干可以定位到原文第三段中“Justasyoungchildrencancountnumbersinserieswithoutgraspingtheprincipleofordination,youngadolescentsmayhaveintheirheadsmanyrandombitsofpoliticalinformationwithoutasecureunderstandingofthoseconceptsthatwouldgiveorderandmeaningtotheinformation.”，中文翻译为：如小孩子在不掌握排序原则的情况下可以数数一样，青少年在头脑中可能有许多随机的政治信息，而没有安全地理解那些能给信息带来秩序和意义的概念。以及原文第四段中“Butuntiltheadolescenthasgraspedtheintegumentaryfunctionthatconceptsandprinciplesprovide,thedataremainfragmented,random,disordered.”中文翻译为：但在青少年掌握了概念和原则所提供的整体功能之前，数据仍然是零碎的、随机的、无序的。”可以得出D项（中文含义：一场辩论，参与者分别认为联邦政府应该支持私立学校，或不应该支持私立学校）是青少年比较难理解的。

5.推理判断题。首先，根据题干可以定位到原文第二段第四句，将学校和教会作为组成政治体系的一个例子；然后，在该段第五、六句指出，青少年幼稚的政治知识源自对这一政治体系的不完全理解。由此可以推知，作者认为学校本身就是社会政治体系中的组成部分，学生从中可以学会理解这一体系，因此，B项正确。

10.单选题

I’msureyou’llagreethatwhenapersonisasambitiousasLiFei,noonecanstophimtoachievehiscareerobjectives.

问题1选项

A.you’llagreethat

B.whenaperson

C.can

D.toachieve

E.没有问题

【答案】D

【解析】固定短语误用。toachieve改为fromachieving。stopsb.todosth.让某人停下来去做另一件事。stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事。这里表示"阻止他实现职业目标"。

11.单选题

Donotbearmalicetowardhim;heisreallyagoodmanbynature.

问题1选项

A.malignancy

B.hospitality

C.meticulousness

D.mischievousness

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。A项malignancy“恶性（肿瘤等），恶意”，B项hospitality“好客，殷勤”，C项meticulousness“谨小慎微”，D项mischievousness“恶作剧”。句意：你们不可对他怀恶意，他真是一个本性善良的人。根据句意可知，malice在句中表示“恶意”。因此，该题选择A项。

12.单选题

AstheclimateintheMiddleEastchangedbeginningaround7000B.C”conditionsemergedthatledtoamorecomplexandadvancedformofcivilizationinbothEgyptandoftheTigrisandEuphratesriversinMesopotamiabecamedrier,producingriver-sidelandsthatwerebothhabitableandfertile,andattractingsettlersarmedwiththenewlydevelopedtechniqueofagriculture.Thismigrationwasfurtherencouragedbythegradualtransformationoftheonce-hospitablegrasslandsoftheseregionsintodeserts.Humanpopulationbecameincreasinglyconcentratedintopocketsofsettlementscatteredalongthebanksofthegreatrivers.

Theriversprofoundlyshapedthewayoflifealongtheirbanks.InMesopotamia,themanagementofwaterinconditionsofunpredictabledrought,flood,andstormbecamethecentraleconomicandsocialchallenge.Villagersbeganearlytobuildsimpleearthworks,dikes,canals,andditchestocontrolthewatersandreducetheopposingdangersofdroughtduringthedryseason(usuallythespring)andfloodingattheharvesttime.

Sucheffortsrequiredadegreeofcooperationamongalargenumberofpeoplethathadnotpreviouslyexisted.Theindividualvillage,containingonlyadozenorsohousesandfamilies,waseconomicallyvulnerable;butwhenseveralvillages,probablyunderthedirectionsofacouncilofelders,learnedtosharetheirhumanresourcesinthebuildingofcoordinatednetworkofwater-controlsystems,thesafety,stability,andprosperityofallimproved.Inthisnewcooperation,theseedsofthegreatMesopotamiancivilizationswerebeingsown.

Technologicalandmathematicalinvention,too,werestimulatedbylifealongtherivers.Newdeviceswerefirstdevelopedhereforuseinirrigationsystems.Similarly,theearliestmethodsofmeasurementandcomputationandthefirstdevelopmentsingeometrywerestimulatedbytheneedtokeeptrackofland