考研考博-英语-四川轻化工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-四川轻化工大学考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

It’sapparentthatthewoodenbridgeisnotstrongenoughto（）theweightofalorry.

问题1选项

A.retain

B.sustain

C.obtain

D.maintain

【答案】B

【解析】形近词辨析。根据句意可知，这里指木桥承受不了卡车的重量，选项B符合句意。

2.单选题

Thesunisverylargeincomparisonwithitsnine（）planetswhich,inturn,arecircledbyatotalofthirtythreesatellites.

问题1选项

A.cycling

B.whirling

C.surrounding

D.orbiting

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项cycling“骑脚踏车消遣，骑脚踏车兜风”；B选项whirling“旋转”；C选项surrounding“周围的，附近的”；D选项orbiting“盘旋；绕轨道运行”。句意：与九颗（）太阳运行的行星相比，太阳是非常大的，而九颗行星又由三十三颗卫星环绕着。这里考查的是固定搭配orbitingplanets“轨道行星”，因此D选项符合题意。

3.单选题

Whypickupwhatliteraryhistorysoresolutelydiscards?Anystudyofbestsellersconfrontsthesamequestionasdoesthedecaf,no-fatlattedrinkerinStarbucks:‘whybother?’Onejustification,andtheeasiestdemonstrated,istheirinterestingpeculiarity.Likeotherephemeraofpasttimes,bestsellersofferthecharmofantiquarianquaintness.Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.

Lookingbackthroughthelistsistouncoverdelightfulculturaloddities.Consider,forexample,thetop-sellingnovelof1923intheUnitedStates,BlackOxen,byGertrudeAtherton.RecalltoothatthediscriminatingreaderofthatyearhadJamesJoyce’sUlyssesandT.S.Eliot’sTheWasteLandtochoosefrom.

TheallusionofAtherton'stitlesignalsgrandliterarypretension;pretensionabsurdlyunmerited.Nonetheless,thenovel’sthemewas,forthetime,bothtopicalandsensational—rejuvenation.Forhumans,thatis,notcattle.

ThenarrativeopensinaNewYorktheatre.Abrilliantyoungnewspaperman,LeeClavering,isstruckbyabeautifulwomanintheaudience.Investigationrevealsthatsheisfaciallyidenticalwithayoung‘belle’ofthirtyyearsbefore,MaryOgden.MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.

Whennewsofthewonderfulprocesshitsthenewspapers,‘civilwarthreatens’.AndlucklessClaveringfindshimselfinlovewithawomanoldenoughtobehismother.Ontheotherside,hehimselfisobsessivelylovedbyaflapper,Janet,youngenoughtobehisdaughter,whodrinksillegalhoochandattends‘pettingparties’.Theplotthickens,madlythereafter.Itisnonsense-justas,medically,Stcinach’sX-raymiraclewasnonsense.In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment.Itseems,frompublicitypictures,tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.Buttoshfictionandquackscienceasitmaybe,BlackOxenfits,hand-in-glove,withitsperiod.Andnootherperiod.

Howeverabsurditseemstothemodernreader,Atherton’snovelreflects,anddramatizes,contemporaryanxietyaboutwomen’sfreedoms.The1920swastheeraofthe'flapper'--theperpetuallyyounggirl-woman.Britishwomeninthisdecadehad,afterlongstruggle,thevote-butonlyiftheywereover30,afterwhichtheheydayinthefemalebloodwasconceivedtohavebeensufficientlycooledtomakerationalpoliticaldecisions.

BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.Itcouldhavebeenpublished15yearslater.Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.Norwouldit,inotherdays,havebeenwhatitwas,‘thebookoftheday’.Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.Thishand-in-glovequalityisinextricablylinkedwiththeephemeralityofbestsellerism.

1.WhydoestheauthormentionUlyssesandTheWasteLandinparagraph2?

2.Accordingtothepassage,allofthefollowingaretrueaboutBlackOxenEXCEPT（

）.

3.Theword“rage”inthepassageisclosestinmeaningto（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingsentencecanbestexpressthemeaningofthehighlightedsentenceintheLastparagraph?

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingistrueaboutabestseller?

问题1选项

A.TheywerebestsellersjustsecondtoBlackOxenin1923.

B.TheyweremorepopularthanBlankOxenin1923.

C.AscontemporarynovelsofBlackOxen,theywerenotpopularin1923.

D.Asbestsellersof1923,theywerenotaspopularasBlackOxen.

问题2选项

A.ThoughthewriterofBlackOxendidgetatreatmentforkeepingyoung,butitlookedunsuccessful.

B.BlackOxenimpliedtheX-raytechniquewaswelcomedbywomenwhowereinmenopause.

C.BlackOxenwasverypopularin1923whenpeoplebelievedinpseudoscienceaboutrenewalofyouthfulness.

D.CountZattianyappearedinBlackOxenasaminorcharacter.

问题3选项

A.angergreatly

B.prevailuncontrollably

C.rakelip

D.presumedaringly

问题4选项

A.Theethosof1923forBlackOxenisjustlikewaterforfish.

B.Withoutitstime-and-space,BlackOxenwouldhaveenjoyeditspopularityforalongertime.

C.Withoutwater,BlackOxenwouldloseitspopularity.

D.BlackOxenwouldnothavebeenproducedifitwasn’ttreatedlikeafish.

问题5选项

A.Abestselleronlycatersforitsowntime.

B.Abestsellerisliabletotellalovetrianglestory.

C.Abestsellercannotbewrittenbyanoldfemalewriter.

D.Abestsellerisagreatliterarywork,thoughitisstrange.

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:C

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节理解题。根据文章第一段，“Andsoshortistheirlifespan,thattoday’sbestsellersbecomeyesterday'sfictionalmostassoonasonehasreadthem.”，可知作者的观点是畅销书的寿命是短暂的，以至于今天的畅销书几乎一读完就变成了昨天的小说。所以在文章第二段作者用《尤利西斯》和《荒原》两本书的例子和《黑色公牛》做了对比，说明与同时代的畅销书《黑色公牛》一样，它们在1923年并不受欢迎。选项C符合题意。

2.推断题。根据文章第五段，“In1922AthertonherselfhadreceivedtheViennesedoctor’srejuvenationtreatment…tohavedonelittleforherbeauty.”，可知虽然她接受了Viennese恢复治疗，但是并没有效果。选项A符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“Bybombardingawoman’sovariesattheperiodofmenopause,theageingprocessisreversible.”，可知通过这种技术，处理更年期女性的卵巢，衰老过程是可以消除的。选项B符合文意，可排除。根据文章第四段，“MissOgdenmarriedaHungariandiplomat,CountZattiany,andhasneverbeenheardofsince.”，可知玛丽•奥格登嫁给了一个匈牙利的外交官Zattiany伯爵，所以Zattiany伯爵在《黑色公牛》中扮演一个次要角色。选项D符合文意，可排除。根据文章最后一段第一句，“BlackOxen,thetopnovelintheUSin1923,isinextricably‘ofitsperiod.”，可知《黑色公牛》受欢迎的原因是由于小说与时代的不可分割性。所以原因并没有提及人们相信青春再生的伪科学。选项C符合题意。

3.词义理解题。根据文章第四段，“Speculationrages,buteventuallythetruthcomesout:Ogden/ZattianyhasbeenrejuvenatedinViennabyDrSteinach’snewX-raytechnique.”，可知玛丽•奥格登嫁给外交官的事情迅速传播蔓延，但是最后真相说明：Ogden/Zattiany通过Steinach医生新发明的X射线技术重新焕发活力。所以rage在这一句的意思应该是迅速传播和蔓延。选项B符合题意。

4.细节理解题。根据文章最后一段，“Butoutofitsimmediatetime-and-placeframe,BlackOxenwouldhavenomore‘worked’thanafishoutofwater.”，可知如果没有1923年的时代和背景框架，《黑色公牛》就会像鱼离开水一样无法存活。选项A符合题意。

5.主旨题。纵观全文，作者的对于畅销书的观点为：畅销书因为和当时所处的时代和思潮是相符的，所以会带来小说的短暂畅销。又根据文章最后一段，“Thedaymadethebook,asmuchaseventsofthedaymadenewspaperheadlinesin1923.”，可知1923年的畅销书就像那个时代的新闻头条一样，所以反应的是那个时代的思想和潮流。可知畅销书只适合于自己的时代符合文意。选项A符合题意。

4.单选题

Thepublicisvery（

）aboutthegovernment’splansforataxcut.

问题1选项

A.susceptible

B.dubious

C.suspicious

D.deliberate

【答案】B

【解析】意:公众不太相信政府的减税计划。

形容词辨析。Susceptible易受影响的;dubious可疑的，怀疑的,后接about;suspicious可疑的，多疑的,后接of;deliberate故意的。因此无论从句意还是从搭配上,B项正确。

5.单选题

Thisalbumis______asitwastheonlyoneeversignedbythePresident.

问题1选项

A.unusual

B.unique

C.rare

D.singular

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A项unusual“不同寻常的”，B项unique“独特的，独一无二的”，C项rare“稀有的，半熟的”，D项singular“单数的，单一的”。根据句子theonlyoneeversignedbythePresident“唯一一个有总统签名的”可知，B项最符合语境。句意：这张专辑是独一无二的，因为它是唯一一张有总统签名的专辑。因此，该题选择B项正确。

6.单选题

Incalculatingthedailycalorierequirementsforanindividual,variationsinbodysize,physicalactivityandageshouldbe（）.

问题1选项

A.broughtintopractice

B.takenintoaccount

C.thrownlighton

D.lookeddownupon

【答案】B

【解析】bringintopractice实行；takeintoaccount考虑；throwlighton照亮，阐明，使……显得清楚；lookdownupon看不起。句意：在计算个人每日所需热量时，应考虑到体型、体力活动和年龄的变化。选项B符合句意。

7.单选题

AsistheChinesecook’scustom,mymotheralwaysmade（）remarksaboutherowncooking.

问题1选项

A.optional

B.plural

C.negative

D.slender

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。optional“可选的”；plural“复数的，多样的”；negative“消极的，否定的”；slender“细长的，苗条的”。句意：就像许多中国厨师一样，我母亲经常对自己的厨艺予以否定评价。能修饰remarks的只有C项。

8.翻译题

PutthefollowingintoEnglish.

十九世纪末,中国开始举办师范教育。1949年中华人民共和国成立之后,在各级政府的关心和支持下,中国师范教育进入了前所未有的发展阶段。在科学技术迅猛发展的今天,振兴经济的希望在教育,教师队伍的数量和质量对教育发展具有决定性的影响。在中国这样一个拥有世界教师总量五分之一的庞大教师队伍的国家,人民教师的地位和作用直接关系到教育事业乃至整个国家的发展。

师范教育(teachereducation)

【答案】Attheendof19thcentury,theteachereducationbeganinChina.SincethefoundationofPeople’sRepublicofChinain1949,ithasundergoneanunprecedenteddevelopmentthankstosolicitudeandsupportofthecentralandlocalgovernmentWiththerapiddevelopmentoftechnologyandsciencenowadays,educationbecomesvitaltothegrowthofeconomy.Itsdevelopment,however,isdeterminedbythenumberanprofessionalexpertiseofteachers.Chinaownsone-fifthoftheteachersofthewholeworld,andthedevelopmentoftheeducationalissuesandeventhewholecountryaredirectlyaffectedbythestatusandfunctionoftheteachers.

9.单选题

Pricesdeterminehowresourcesaretobeused.Theyarealsothemeansbywhichproductsandservicesthatareinlimitedsupplyarerationedamongbuyers.ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.Theinterrelationshipsofallthesepricesmakeupthe“system”ofprices.Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.

Ifoneweretoaskagroupofrandomlyselectedindividualstodefine“price”,manywouldreplythatpriceisanamountofmoneypaidbythebuyertothesellerofaproductofserviceor,inotherwords,thatpriceisthemoneyvalueofaproductofserviceasagreeduponinamarkettransaction.Thisdefinitionis,ofcourse,validasfarasitgoes.Foracompleteunderstandingofapriceinanyparticulartransaction,muchmorethantheamountofmoneyinvolvedmustbeknown.Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal“package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.

1.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Accordingtothepassage,thepricesystemisrelatedprimarilyto（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTafactorinthecompleteunderstandingofprice?

4.Inthelastsentenceofthepassage,“they”refersto（

）.

5.Theparagraphfollowingthepassagemostlikelydiscusses（

）.

问题1选项

A.TheInherentWeaknessesofthePriceSystem

B.TheComplexitiesofthePriceSystem

C.CreditTermsinTransactions

D.ResourceAllocationandthePublicSector

问题2选项

A.laborandeducation

B.transportationandinsurance

C.utilitiesandrepairs

D.productsandservices

问题3选项

A.Instructionsthatcomewithaproduct

B.Thequantityofaproduct

C.Thequalityofaproduct

D.Warrantiesthatcoveraproduct

问题4选项

A.returnprivileges

B.allthefactors

C.buyerandseller

D.money

问题5选项

A.unusualwaystoadvertiseproducts

B.typesofpaymentplansforservice

C.theoriesabouthowproductsaffectdifferentlevelsofsociety

D.howcertainelementsofaprice"package”influenceitsmarketvalue

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:A

第4题:C

第5题:D

【解析】1.主旨大意题。由第一段“ThepricesystemoftheUnitedStatesisaverycomplexnetworkcomposedofthepricesofalltheproductsboughtandsoldintheeconomyaswellasthoseofamyriadofservices,includinglabor,professionaltransportation,andpublicutilityservices.美国的价格系统是非常复杂的网状系统，包括经济生活中一切产品买卖的价格，也包括名目繁多的各种服务，如劳动力、专职交通、公共事业等服务的价格。”可知本文主要内容为美国的复杂价格体系。故B项正确。

2.细节事实题。由第一段“Thepriceofanyparticularproductorserviceislinkedtoabroad,complicatedsystemofpricesinwhicheverythingseemstodependmoreorlessuponeverythingelse.任何一种特定产品或服务的价格都与这个广泛而复杂的价格系统联系在一起，而且或多或少地受到系统中其他成分的制约。”可知价格与产品和服务有关。故D项正确。

3.细节事实题。由第二段“Boththebuyerandthesellershouldbefamiliarwithnotonlythemoneyamount,butwiththeamountandqualityoftheproductorservicetobeexchanged,thetimeandplaceatwhichtheexchangewilltakeplaceandpaymentwillbemade,theformofmoneytobeused,thecredittermsanddiscountsthatsupplytothetransaction,guaranteesontheproductorservice,deliveryterms,returnprivileges,andotherfactors.买方和卖方都应该熟悉不仅金额,而且产品的数量和质量或服务的交换,进行交换和付款的时间和地点,资金使用的形式,提供给交易的本信用证条款和折扣,产品或服务的保证,交货条件,返回特权,和其他因素都要了解。”可知买卖双方要了解的不仅仅是钱的数量，而且还有产品的质量、时间和地点等。故A项“产品说明书”没有提及。

4.推理判断题。由本文最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal"package”beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.换句话说，买方和卖方都应该充分了解构成交换的所有因素，以便他们可以评估一个给定的价格。”可知they指代买方和卖方。故C项正确。

5.推理判断题。由最后一句“Inotherwords,bothbuyerandsellershouldbefullyawareofallthefactorsthatcomprisethetotal‘package’beingexchangedfortheasked-foramountofmoneyinorderthattheymayevaluateagivenprice.换句话说，买方和卖方都应该充分了解构成交换的所有因素，以便他们可以评估一个给定的价格。”可知下文可能讨论有关构成买卖的各种因素。故D项正确。

10.单选题

Theirsolutionwastoenrolltheirchildreninprivateschools,which,becausetheyreceivednotaxmoney,werefreetooperatewithoutbeingsubjecttoracial（）.

问题1选项

A.discrimination

B.segregation

C.controversy

D.apportionment

【答案】A

【解析】名词词义辨析。discrimination“歧视”；segregation“隔离”；controversy“争论”；apportionment“分派”。句意：他们的解决方法就是将他们的孩子送入私立学校，因为他们不收取任何税款，并且没有种族歧视。选项A符合题意。

11.写作题

Directions:Writeashortessayofabout300wordsonthefollowingtopic.Doremembertoprovideatitleforyouressay.WriteyouressayontheANSWERSHEET.

Somepeoplebelievethatthebestwayoflearningaboutlifeisbylisteningtotheadviceoffamilyandfriends.Otherpeoplebelievethebestwayisthroughpersonalexperience.

Comparetheadvantagesofthesetwodifferentways.Whichdoyouthinkispreferable?Usespecificexamplestosupportyourpreference.

【答案】略

12.单选题

Thereasonthathispropertywasconfiscatedbythecountry,it（）,wasthatliewasinvolvedinalotoffraudulentactivitiesduringthewar.

问题1选项

A.wasturnedout

B.turnedout

C.beingturnedout

D.wasbeingturnedout

【答案】B

【解析】句意:后来证明他的财产被国家没收的原因是，战争期间他参与了欺诈活动。

语法题。分析句子可知应用一般过去时,固定搭配turnout“结果（证明）是”用主动语态即可。

13.翻译题

二十四小时的全天候时间表在改变着我们的生活方式。21世纪的办公地点无处不在。我们外出度假时会随身携带无线手机或手提电脑。有些人甚至把手机带入音乐厅或会议厅，因为在他们看来，错过一个重要的商业信息是不可弥补的过失。二十四小时的超高速的“因特网时间”使我们无法静心休息和思考。越来越多的企业行政主管开始把自己有时间睡觉作为吹牛的资本。对他们来说，地位的最大标志在于无能力按照自然的生物钟而非网络钟来工作和休息。

【答案】Round-the-clocktimetableischangingourwayoflife.The21stcenturyofficeneverleavesus.Webringourwirelesscellphonesandnotebookcomputerswhenvacationing.Therearepeoplewhobringtheircellphonesintoconcerthallsandauditoriums.Theround-the-clockhyperspeed“Internettime”won’tgiveusquiettimeforrestingandthinking.Anincreasingnumberofbusinessexecutiveshavetakentobraggingabouthowmuchsleeptheyget.Forthem,theultimatestatussymbolisthepowertolivebynature’sclockratherthantheNet’sclock.

14.单选题

Standingatthetopofthemountain,wewatchedthefog（）fromthevalleybelow;itseemedthatwehadenteredafairyland.

问题1选项

A.descend

B.decrease

C.ascend

D.increase

【答案】C

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项descend“下降；遗传”；B选项decrease“减小；减少”；C选项ascend“上升；攀登”；D选项increase“增加；增大”。句意：站在山顶，我们看着雾从下面的山谷……，我们好像进入了一个仙境。形容云雾缭绕，雾应该是从下方升起的，故选C。

15.单选题

Thepolicewerealertedthattheescapedcriminalmightbeinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.vain

B.vicinity

C.court

D.jail

【答案】B

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项vain“徒劳的”，和介词in搭配意为“徒劳无功的”，中间不接定冠词the；B选项vicinity“邻近，附近”；C选项court“法院，球场”；D选项jail“监狱”。句意：警方被提醒逃犯可能就在附近。选项B符合句意。

16.单选题

ItoldmyfriendGrahamthatIoftencyclethetwomilesfrommyhousetothetowncentreblitunfortunatelythereisabighillontheroute.Hereplied,“Youmeanfortunately.”HeexplainedthatIshouldbegladoftheextraexercisethatthehillprovided.

Myattitudetothehillhasnowchanged.Iusedto(1)asIapproacheditbutnowItellmyselfthefollowing.Thishillwillexercisemyheartandlungs.Itwillhelpmetolose(2)andgetfit.ItwillmeanthatIlivelonger.Thishillismyfriend.FinallyasIwindmywayuptheincline,I(3)myselfwiththethoughtofallthosesillypeoplewhopaymoneytogotoagymandsitonstationeryexercisebicycleswhenIcangetthesamevaluefor(4).IhaveasmileofsatisfactionasIreachthetopofthehill.

Problems(5)befacedandovercome.Wecannotachieveanythingwithaneasylife.HelenKellerwasthefirstdeafandblindpersontogainauniversitydegree.Heractivismandwritingprovedinspirational.Shewrote,“(6)cannotbedevelopedineaseandquiet.Onlythroughexperiencesoftrialandsufferingcanthesoulbestrengthened,visioncleared,ambitioninspiredandsuccessachieved.”

Oneofthemain(7)ofsuccessinlifeisourattitudetowardsadversity.Fromtimetotime,weallfacehardships,problems,accidents,afflictionsanddifficulties.Someareofour(8)butmanyconfrontusthroughnofaultofourown.Whilewecannotchoosetheadversitywecanchooseourattitudetowardsit.

Howcanyouchangeyourattitudetowardstheadversitythatyouface?Trythesesteps:Confronttheproblem.Donotavoidit.Deliberatelytakea(9)attitudeandwritedownsomebenefitsoradvantagesofthesituation.Visualizehowyouwillfeelwhenyouovercomethisobstacle.Developanactionplanforhowtotackleit.Smileandgetcracking.

Thebiographiesofgreatpeoplearelitteredwithexamplesofhowtheytookthesekindsofstepstoovercomethedifficultiestheyfaced.Thecommonthreadisthattheydidnotbecomedefeatistordepressed.Theychosetheirattitude.They(10)tobepositive.

Theytookonthechallenge.Theywon.

问题1选项

A.grumble

B.fear

C.giveup

D.stop

问题2选项

A.temper

B.control

C.weight

D.sight

问题3选项

A.provide

B.converse

C.deal

D.console

问题4选项

A.good

B.free

C.ever

D.return

问题5选项

A.arethereto

B.whichcan

C.willnot

D.wehave

问题6选项

A.Education

B.Interest

C.Character

D.Friendship

问题7选项

A.causes

B.determinants

C.symptoms

D.components

问题8选项

A.making

B.doing

C.taking

D.thinking

问题9选项

A.special

B.strong

C.negative

D.positive

问题10选项

A.seemed

B.opted

C.had

D.used

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:C

第3题:C

第4题:C

第5题:A

第6题:A

第7题:B

第8题:A

第9题:D

第10题:B

【解析】1.动词辨析。grumble抱怨,嘟囔;fear害怕,敬畏,为……担心;giveup放弃,交出；stop停止,逗留。此处句意为:我对这座山的态度现在改变了,过去我看到它总是…。因此A符合句意。

2.名词辨析。temper脾气，(钢等)回火，性情，倾向；control控制，管理；weight重量，体重，负担;sight视力，景象。And连接空格和getfit(变得健康),因此and前面很可能表示“减肥,减掉体重”,故选C。

3.动词辨析。provide提供，供应；converse交谈，谈话；deal处理，交易；console安慰，慰藉。此处表示“想起这些愚蠢的人去健身房的做法来安慰自己”。故选C。

4.短语辨析。Forgood永久地，一劳永逸地;forfree免费；ever永远，曾经；forever永远，永恒地；forreturn作回报。这里句意为:自己能免费地得到同样的价值,故选B。

5.语法题。考查一般将来时。句意:难题是用来被面对和克服的,顺风顺水就不会有进步。因此要用一般将来时,排除B和D。C不符合句意。故选A。

6.名词辨析。education教育，培养，教育学；interest兴趣，利息；character性格，品质，特性；角色friendship友谊，友爱，友善。空格后句意为提示信息:只有通过磨炼和受难的经历，人的心灵才能被强化,由此可知C符合句意。

7.名词辨析。cause原因，事业，目标;determinant决定因素；symptom症状，征兆；component成分，组件。句意为:我们对待逆境的态度是生命中成功的主要决定因素之一,因此选B。

8.名词辨析。making发展，制造，造成；doing做，不能接受，难以完成，事件；taking捕获，收入；thinking思考，意见，见解。这里表示“一些问题是我们造成的”,因此A符合句意。

9.形容词辨析。special特别的，专门的，专用的；strong坚强的，强壮的，牢固的；negative负的，消极的，否定的，阴性的；positive积极的，确定的。空格前句意为:你怎样能改变自己对待所面临的逆境的态度呢？可以尝试这些步骤。所以此处表示“故意采取一种积极的态度”,故选D。

10.动词辨析。选项均为对应动词的过去式。seem似乎，像是，装作，seemto似乎，看起来;opt选择，optto选择;have有，从事，允许，haveto必须，不得不；use利用，耗费。这里应表示“他们选择积极地面对”,故选B。

17.单选题

Povertyanddomesticviolencemakeiteasyforhertotrustthatbadthingswillhappenandtakethis（）happinessaway.

问题1选项

A.adversary

B.vulgar

C.fragile

D.superfluous

【答案】C

【解析】形容词辨析题。adversary敌手，对手；vulgar粗俗的，本土的；fragile脆的，易碎的；superfluous多余的。句意：贫穷和家庭暴力让她很容易相信坏事会发生，并带走这种脆弱的幸福。只有选项C符合句意。

18.填空题

Psychologiststakecontrastiveviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists（1）researchtherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequencesarguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Cognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintain（2）rewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependence（3）approvalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparks（4）ingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,（5）toastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingfora（6）andcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity’’，saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsfor（7）performanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithdiscouragedstudents,Eisenbergerholds（8）anexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefailing（9）.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomies,in（10）studentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstoward,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.

【答案】（1）who

（2）that

（3）on

（4）creativity

（5）according

（6）reward

（7）poor

（8）As

（9）grades

（10）which

【解析】（1）语法题。考查定语从句。此空后的句子为定语从句，先行词为“Behaviorists”，所以应填关系代词who，引导修饰人的定语从句。

（2）语法题。考查宾语从句。空后的内容为maintain的宾语，应填一个可引导宾语从句的词。而且上文的宾语从句“arguethat...”也可以推断出本空填"that。

（3）固定搭配。固定短语dependon意为“依赖，依靠”，其名词形式dependence也需要跟介词on。

（4）语义连接。本文是在讲述奖励、表扬与创造性的关系，此句意为“但是小心地使用小量的金钱报酬能激起分级学校孩子们的”第一段中提到“destroycreativity”,因此该空格处应填“creativity”。

（5）固定搭配。According填在空格处,句意为：根据一项个性与社会心理学的六月杂志的研究。

（6）语义连接。本文讲奖励与创造性的关系，此句意为“如果孩子们知道他们在为工作。”显然，此空处应填“reward”(奖励)。

（7）语义连接。推测此句意为“但是如果奖励表现不好的,或者制造过高的对创造力的奖励期望值,这很容易扼杀创造性。因此此处填poor比较合适。

（8）语义连接。此句意为作为后一种观点的例子”。

（9）语义连接。前句句意:给平常成绩的学生打高分的老师，最终会使学生泄气。此句句意:他指出，各大学在严格控制评分标准和恢复不及格成绩方面做出越来越多的努力。此处应填grade的复数形式。

（10）语法题。考查定语从句。此空后的句子应为定语从句，先行词为“tokeneconomies”，故此空应填一个可引导定语从句的关系词，而且空格前面有介词in,故只能填“which”。

19.单选题

Onaverage,Americankidsages3to12spent29hoursaweekinschool,eighthoursmorethantheydidin1981.Theyalsodidmorehouseholdworkandparticipatedinmoreofsuchorganizedactivitiesassoccerandballet.Involvementinsports,inparticular,rosealmost50%from1981to1997:boysnowspendanaverageoffourhoursaweekplayingsports;girlsloghalfthattime.Allinall,however,children’sleisuretimedroppedfrom40%ofthedayin1981to25%.

“Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents,”saysSandraHofferth,whoheadedtherecentstudyofchildren’stimetable.Achiefreason,shesays,isthatmoremothersareworkingoutsidethehome.(Nevertheless,childreninbothdouble-incomeand“malebreadwinner”householdsspentcomparableamountsoftimeinteractingwiththeirparents,19hoursand22hoursrespectively.Incontrast,childrenspentonly9hourswiththeirsinglemothers.

Allworkandnoplaycouldmakeforsomeverymessed-upkids.“Playisthemostpowerfulwayachildexplorestheworldandlearnsabouthimself,”saysT.BerryBrazelton,professoratHarvardMedicalSchool.Unstructuredplayencouragesindependentthinkingandallowstheyoungtonegotiatetheirrelationshipswiththeirpeers,butkidsaged3to12spentonly12hoursaweekengagedinit.

Thechildrensampledspentaquarteroftheirrapidlydecreasing“freetimewatchingtelevision.Butthat,believeitornot,wasoneofthefindingsparentsmightregardasgoodnews.Ifthey’respendinglesstimeinfrontoftheTVset,however,kidsaren’treplacingitwithreading.Despiteeffortstogetkidsmoreinterestedinbooks,thechildrenspentjustoveranhouraweekreading.Let’sfaceit,who’sgotthetime?

1.Bymentioning“thesametimecrunch”(Line1,Para.2)SandraHofferthmeans______.

2.Accordingtotheauthor:thereasongivenbySandraHofferthforthetimecrunchis______.

3.Accordingtotheauthorachilddevelopsbetterif______.

4.TheauthorisconcernedaboutthefactthatAmericankids______.

5.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat______.

问题1选项

A.childrenhavelittletimetoplaywiththeirparents

B.childrenarenottakengoodcareofbytheirworkingparents

C.parentsandchildrensufferfromlackofleisuretime

D.bothparentsandchildrenhavetroublemanagingtheirtime

问题2选项

A.quiteconvincing

B.partiallytrue

C.totallygroundless

D.ratherconfusing

问题3选项

A.hehasplentyoftimereadingandstudying

B.heislefttoplaywithhispeersinhisownway

C.hehasmoretimeparticipatinginschoolactivities

D.heisfreetointeractwithhisworkingparents

问题4选项

A.areengagedinmoreandmorestructuredactivities

B.areincreasinglyneglectedbytheirworkingmothers

C.arespendingmoreandmoretimewatchingTV

D.areinvolvedlessandlessinhouseholdwork

问题5选项

A.extracurricularactivitiespromotechildren’sintelligence

B.mostchildrenwillturntoreadingwithTVsetsswitchedoff

C.effortstogetkidsinterestedinreadinghavebeenfruitful

D.mostparentsbelievereadingtobebeneficialtochildren

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:B

第3题:B

第4题:A

第5题:A

【解析】1.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】细节事实题。根据题干，可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子们和他们的父母一样，也受到时间短缺的影响）。C选项“父母和孩子都因缺乏闲暇时间而受苦”，根据文章内容，C选项符合句意，因此C选项正确。A选项“孩子们几乎没有时间和父母一起玩”，不符合题意，可排除。B选项“孩子们没有得到工作的父母很好的照顾”，文章没有提到这一点，因此可排除。D选项“父母和孩子都在管理他们的时间上有困难”，不符合题意，可排除。因此C选项为正确答案。

2.【试题答案】B

【试题解析】作者意图题。根据题干我们可以定位到文章第二段第一句Childrenareaffectedbythesametimecrunch(危机)thataffectstheirparents.（孩子们的影响同时紧缩（危机），影响他们的父母）。B选项“部分正确”，B选项符合句意。A选项“十分信服”，作者并没有认为她给出的理由是十分信服的。C选项“完全没有事实根据”，不符合题意，可排除。D选项“令人困惑的”，不符合题意，可排除。因此B选项为正确答案。

3.【试题答案】B