考研考博-英语-山东现代学院考试押题三合一+答案详解1

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东现代学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Iboughtanalarmclockwitha(n)（）dial,whichcanbeseenclearlyinthedark.

问题1选项

A.supersonic

B.luminous

C.audible

D.amplified

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。supersonic“超音速的，超音波的”；luminous“发光的，明亮的”；audible“听得见的”；amplified“放大的，扩充的”。句意：我买了一个带有发光钟面的闹钟，这样在黑暗中也能看清时间了。由后半句句意可知B项符合题意。

2.单选题

Thealliessufferedlessthan20（

）whileenemylossesweresaidtobehigh.

问题1选项

A.casualties

B.consequences

C.calamities

D.severities

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。casualty意为“(战争或事故的)伤员，伤亡”；consequence意为“结果，后果”；calamity意为“灾祸，灾难”；severity意为“严重”。

句意：同盟国遭受伤亡的人数不到20，而敌人的伤亡据说很高。

3.单选题

ThesmallJacksonisnot（

）now,buthewillbefamoussomeday.

问题1选项

A.magnificent

B.prominent

C.dominant

D.significant

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。magnificent意为“壮丽的，宏伟的”；prominent意为“突出的，杰出的”；dominant意为“占优势的”；significant意为“重要的”。

句意：小杰克逊现在还不出名，但总有一天他会出名的。

4.单选题

TheAmericanstudentscametoourschoolinNovember,andwethenmadea（）visittotheirs.

问题1选项

A.bilateral

B.reciprocal

C.considerate

D.rewarding

【答案】A

【解析】近义词辨析。Bilateral“双边的、双方的”，reciprocal“互惠的，相应的”，considerate“体贴的，考虑周到的”，rewarding“有益的”。句意：11月份美国学生来我校参观，我们也要参观他们的学校。选项A符合题意。

5.单选题

Thesecontinual（

）intemperaturemakeitimpossibletodecidewhattowear.

问题1选项

A.transitions

B.transformations

C.exchanges

D.fluctuations

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项transitions“过度，转变”；B选项transformations“转变，转换”C选项exchanges“交换，交易所”；D选项fluctuations“波动，变化”。句意：气温的变化让我们难以决定该穿什么。这里根据句意答案选D。A选项指从一种状态到另一种状态的转变过程，Weneedtoensureasmoothtransitionbetweentheoldsystemandthenewone.（我们得确保新旧制度间的平稳过渡），本句指的是温度的变化没有提到从冷到热或者从热到冷这一对具有明显反义的词出现，所以不能选。B、C选项带入文中不符合题意。

6.单选题

Withhisbrowsknitted,thedoctorcontemplatedthedifficultoperationhehadtoperform.

问题1选项

A.ucceededin

B.ecidedagainst

C.wentonwith

D.thoughtdeeplyabout

【答案】D

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：医生皱着眉头，……那个他要做的手术。succeedin“在……方面取得成功”；decideagainst“决定不”；goonwith“继续”；thinkdeeplyabout“深思”。根据“withhisbrowsknitted”可知医生正在思考，因此划线单词的意思是“沉思”，选项D符合题意。

7.单选题

Theshort,smilingmanwhointroducehimselfasthemanagerdeniedthatwehadpaidmorethanotherpeople,thoughhedidadmitthatwehadbeenputina“special”room.

问题1选项

A.whointroducehimself

B.asthemanagerdenied

C.didadmit

D.hadbeenput

E.没有错误

【答案】A

【解析】语法题。时态错误。introduce改为introduced。谓语动词为denied,是一般过去时,因此A项定语从句中的动词Introduce也应该用过去式。

8.单选题

It'sgoodtoknowthatquiteafewpopularEnglishexpressionsactually（）fromtheBible.

问题1选项

A.acquire

B.obtain

C.derive

D.result

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。derivefrom“源于，来自”；resultfrom“由…造成”；句意：许多受欢迎的短语实际上来自圣经。C项正确。

9.单选题

Themotherreallytookprideinherson,a（）artistwhohadalreadyheldseveralnationalexhibitions.

问题1选项

A.prospective

B.perspective

C.descriptive

D.partial

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prospective“未来的，预期的”；B选项perspective“透视的”；C选项descriptive“描述性的”；D选项partial“局部的，偏袒的”。句意：这位母亲真的为自己的儿子感到骄傲，因为他儿子未来会是一位艺术家，已经举办过好几次全国性的展览。空格后的内容都是描述儿子的，从举办过好几次展览可知儿子最有可能成为未来的一位艺术家，所以A选项符合句意。因此A选项正确。

10.填空题

Higherinterestratesmakeitmoreexpensivetoborrowmoney,________peoplefrombuyingnewhomesorstartingnewconstructionprojects.(courage)

【答案】discouraging

【解析】【考查点】动词。

【解题思路】逗号前为完整的句子，横线所在内容应为非谓语动词。逗号前说到借贷更加昂贵，后面说______人们购买新房或开工建设新项目，可知前者打击后者积极性，是主动关系，一方面动词应为现在分词，一方面动词discourage的意思为“使灰心，使泄气”，符合题意。因此此处应为discourage的现在分词discouraging。

【句意】利率更高让借贷更加昂贵，使人们不愿购买新房或开工建设新项目。

11.单选题

（

）theaccident,theywouldhavearrivedearlier.

问题1选项

A.Exceptfor

B.Butfor

C.Besides

D.Savefor

【答案】B

【解析】句意:要不是这个事故，他们会更早地到达。

考查短语辨析。exceptfor除了……以外;butfor要不是;besides此外，而且;savefor除…之外。句子后半句“theywouldhavearrivedearlier”为对过去的虚拟,那次推测空格处应该表示“要不是”。

12.单选题

Fundamentally,incomedisparitydescribestwodisparategroups:richandpoor.Itishardlynewsthatthericharegettingricher.Theunderlyingstoryisafamiliarone:thewealthiesthouseholdsownthemostassets,namelystocks,andassetpriceshaverisenataferociouspaceinrecentyears.Beyondthestandardexplanation,itisalsothecasethattheemergenceoftechnology,risingproductivity,andanexpandingglobalmarkethavebroughtforthanewupperclassamongcorporations.Thesenewlywealthyfirmspayskilledemployeeswellandinanever-tighterlabormarket,theyareforcedtoconstantlysweetentheiremployees'compensation.

Thentherearethepoor,whereconditionsarealittlemurky.Fallingunemployment,anecdotalevidenceofrisingstarlingwagesforlowlevelservicejobs,andtherelativenon-eventofwelfarereformsofarsuggestthatconditionsatthelowendareimproving.Yetatthesametime,wholecommunitiesundersiegebycrimeandhopelessnesscannotbeignored.

Thatsaid,incomeinequalityasablanketindictmentoffoureconomicsystemdoesnotfly.Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine.Theabilitytosomedayearnmore,toliveatahigherstandard,iswhatgetspeopleoutofbedinthemorning,particularlyinourconsumer-orientedeconomy.Incomedisparityonlybecomesaproblemifitwidenstotheextentthatthelaborforcebelievesthatgreaterwealthcanonlybeachievedbythealreadywealthy.

Indeed,itisunreasonabletostatethatincomedisparityiserodingthelaborforce'swilltoimproveproductivityandmoveahead.Increasinglaborforceparticipation,recordhomeownership,surgingconsumerconfidenceandspending,nearrecordlevelsofimmigration,andurbanrenewalareallanecdotalevidencethathopesarehigh.AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring.

Sowhyaretherestillverypoorhouseholdsinthiscountry?Therearemanyreasons.Oureconomyisshiftingtowardstheproductionofhighervaluegoodsandservices.Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly.TherehasalsobeenarecentsurgeofimmigrationintotheU.S.Manymigrantstothiscountry,particularlythosewhoareunskilledorlanguagechallenged,requiretimetobeabsorbedintooureconomy.Ifskillsarelacking,itmaytakeagenerationortwotomoveahead.

Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich.Oneofthefundamentalsofeconomicsisthatonedecideshowhardtowork,wheretowork,andwhatriskstotake.Monetarywealthisnotthesolemeansofmaximizingutility.Eachpersonhasafinitelifespanandfiniteabilities;itisuptotheindividualtoapplythoseastheyseefit.Thewealthygettingwealthierisnotalwaysevidencetoothersthattheythemselvesarefallingbehind.

1.Intheauthor’scountry,（）maybenefitfromthedevelopmentofitseconomy.

2.Itisimpliedinthispassagethatincomeinequalityis（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

4.Theauthorbelievesthatincomedisparitywill（）.

5.Themainideapresentedinthelastparagraphisthat（）.

问题1选项

A.thewealthyratherthanthepoor

B.alltheimmigrants

C.onlyskilledemployees

D.allthepeople

问题2选项

A.notnecessarilyharmfultothepoor

B.harmfultothedevelopmentofeconomy

C.destructiveratherthanconstructive

D.beneficialonlytotherich

问题3选项

A.Everypersonwantstobecomerich

B.Unskilledpeopletendtobepoor

C.Mostimmigrantsareverypoor

D.Thewealthyisgettingwealthier

问题4选项

A.disappearsoonerorlater

B.begraduallynarrowed

C.persistaseverbefore

D.bemoreandmorewidened

问题5选项

A.noteverypersoniswillingtobecomeaswealthyaspossible

B.itisunderstandableforthewealthytogetwealthier

C.eachindividualknowsexactlywhathisultimategoalis

D.whatapersonpursuedintheworldisnotmonetarywealth

【答案】第1题:D

第2题:A

第3题:B

第4题:C

第5题:A

【解析】1.细节事实题。题目问的是“在作者的国家，哪类人受益于经济的发展？”文章第四段最后一句话提到“所有人都在新经济中发展”(AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomy)，因此选项D符合题意。

2.细节事实题。题目问的是“这篇文章暗示收入差距……”。文章第四段提到“各种各样的人都在新经济中蓬勃发展，有足够的证据表明大多数人仍然想要获得发财机会”（AlltypesofpeopleareflourishingintheNewEconomyandthereissufficientevidencetosuggestthatmoststillwanttheirshotatthebrassring），由此可知“不一定对穷人有害”符合题意。

3.细节事实题。题目问的是“下列哪个表述是正确的？”文章第五段提到“非技术劳动力的偿付水平与以前不同了……”（Unskilledlaborisnotvaluedtothedegreethatitoncewas,andunskilledworkersarepaidaccordingly），选项B“非技术人员倾向贫穷”符合题意。

4.细节事实题。题目问的是“作者认为收入差距将……”。文章第三段第一句话提到“收入差距是驱动经济引擎的汽油”（Incomedisparityisthegasthatrunsoureconomicengine），因此它不可能消失，所以选项C“一直存在”符合题意。

5.主旨大意题。题目问的是“最后一段的主要思想是什么？”文章最后一段第一句提到变得富有并不是每个人的最终目标（Itisalsoimportanttorememberthatitisnottheultimategoalofeverypersontobefabulouslyrich），因此选项A符合题意。

13.单选题

Incourtherepeatedhis（）thathewasnotguiltyinfrontofthejury.

问题1选项

A.impressions

B.alliterations

C.clauses

D.assertions

【答案】D

【解析】名词辨析。Impression印象，感想；alliteration头韵；clause从句；（法律文件等的）条款;assertion主张,断言。句意:在陪审团面前,他重申自己无罪的。因此D项符合句意。

14.单选题

Inthewakeofthe70-vehiclepileup,aslewoflawsuitsareexpectedtobe_______againstdrivers,truckingcompaniesandseveralstateagenciesallegingnegligenceandwrongfuldeath.

问题1选项

A.subjected

B.filed

C.committed

D.surrendered

【答案】B

【解析】subject使屈从于……,使隶属;file把……归档,提出(申请等);commit犯罪,做错事;surrender投降,自首。句意：在这起70辆汽车连环相撞事件发生后,预计将对司机、货运公司和几家州政府机构提起一系列诉讼,指控他们玩忽职守和过失杀人。filealawsuitagainst控告,起诉。选项B符合句意。

15.翻译题

Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincreaseinmodernsociety,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitofrushingthroughlife,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itisveryhardtoslowdown.Butrelaxationisessentialforahealthymindandbody.Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowaytoavoidit.Infact,itisnotthebadthingitisoftensupposedtobe.Acertainamountofstressisvitaltoprovideonewithmotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutofcontrolthatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlives,weneedtofindwaystodealwithitinordertostayhealthyinmindandbody.

【答案】随着现代社会生活节奏的不断加快，我们正在迅速失去放松的艺术。一旦你习惯了匆匆忙忙的生活，从早到晚忙个不停，就很难慢下来。但是放松对健康的身心是必不可少的。压力是日常生活中无法避免的一部分。实际上，有压力并不是人们习惯认为的坏事。一定的压力会给人的生活提供动力，让人有生活的目标，所以是必不可少的。只有当压力失控时它才可能导致人们表现不佳，身体不好。既然我们在生活中无法摆脱压力，我们就需要找到办法来应对它，才能在身体和心理上保持健康。

16.单选题

Hehadafallandhavea（）fractureinabone.

问题1选项

A.hairgrip

B.hairpiece

C.hairline

D.hairstyle

【答案】C

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项hairgrip“发夹”；B选项hairpiece“假发”；C选项hairline“发际线，极细的线，细缝”；D选项hairstyle“发型”。hairlinefracture是一医学术语，“骨裂”，即一种如头发般的单处骨折裂痕。句意：他摔了一跤，骨裂了。因此C选项正确。

17.翻译题

Itisacommonprobleminthenon-familyownedprivatelimitedcompany:shareholder/directorwantstoretireorleavethebusiness,butoneormoreofhisfellowshareholders/directorswanttocontinue.1.Itiseasyenoughforadirectortoretire,butthelikelihoodisthathewillwanttocashinonhisshareswhichhaveaccumulatedsomevalueovertheperiodofhisparticipationinthebusiness.Frequently,though,hisfellowshareholder/director(s)donothavethefinancialresourcestoacquirethesharesattheirmarketvalue.Awidevarietyofoptionsexist,butpurchaseofownsharesbythecompanyisoneofthemostuseful.

Purchaseofownsharesisexactlywhatsaysitis:thecompanyacquiresthesharesfromtheshareholders.Inprinciple,itisasimpleconceptbutonewhichiscoveredbyanumberofveryimportantlegislativeprovisions,bothincompanyandtaxlaw.2.Althoughatfirstsightthelegislationappearstoobstructwhatmightotherwisebeasimpleprocess,itactuallyexisttofacilitatethepurchase,whileprotectingthecreditors(sofarascompanylawisconcerned).Infact,theprovisionaretoonumeroustocoverindetailinafewwordsandthisarticleisdesignedtooutlinetherules,regulationsandoptions.

3.Itwasalwaysthecasethatacompanycouldnotacquireitsownshares,becauseindoingsoitwasobtainingownershipofitself,whichiscontrarytothemostfundamentallegalprinciplessurroundingthenatureandexistenceofcompanies.TheCompanyAct1981changedallthatandtheprovisionsitintroducedarenowincorporatedintotheCompanyAct1985.

4.Inessence,providedacompanyispermittedtodosobyitsMemorandumandArticlesofAssociation,anycompanycannowacquireitsownshares(subjecttotherebeingatleastoneleft).Becausepurchaseofownsharesisarelativelyrecentinnovation,manycompanies’MemorandumandArticlesofAssociationdonotcontainthisprovisionbutappropriateprovisionscanbeincludedbySpecialResolution,requiringa75%majority.

5.Althoughthepurchasemustnormallybemadeoutoftheproceedsofafreshissueofsharesandorofdistributableprofits,importantprovisionexistforprivatecompaniestomakethepurchaseoutofcapital.Ifdistributableprofitsareinsufficientthen,providedthecompanyissolventaftertheredemptionandisbelievedbydirectorstobegoingconcernforafurtheryear,thenthepurchasecangoahead.

【答案】1.对一个董事来说，只是想退休很容易，但他可能想要将他在参与公司经营期间积累了一定价值的股份变现。

2.虽然乍一看，这项立法似乎阻碍了原本可能简单的程序，但它实际上是为了在促进购买的同时保护债权人（就公司法而言）的权利。

3.通常情况下，一个公司不能购买自己的股份，因为这样做是获得自己的所有权，这违反了关于公司的性质和存在的最基本的法律原则。

4.从本质上来说，只要一家公司的组织大纲和章程允许它这样做，任何公司现在都可以收购自己的股份（前提是至少还有一股剩下）。

5.尽管这种购买通常必须用新发行的股票和（或）可分配利润的收益进行，但对私营公司来说，也存在可以用资本购买的重要规定。

18.单选题

（）ofthethreesistersyouchoosetomarry,youwillhaveagoodwife.

问题1选项

A.Whichever

B.Which

C.Whatever

D.Any

【答案】A

【解析】考查让步状语从句。无论三个姐妹你选择哪一个结婚，你都将拥有一个好妻子。A选项whichever“无论哪一个”，B选项which，“哪个”，C选项whatever“无论什么”，D选项any“任何的”，C选项whichever，“不论哪个”引导让步状语从句时，相当于nomatterwhich，其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”，在句中充当定语或者宾语，例如：Whicheveryouchoose,theotherswillbeoffended.无论你选哪个，都会冒犯其余的人。D选项any不能引导让步状语从句。句意：不论这三个姐姐你选哪一个结婚，你都将有一个好妻子。综上所述，本题选A选项正确。

19.填空题

Peopleareoften（1）whentheyseethatIhavefiveumbrellasintheroom.Thetruthisthattheyaren’tallmine.Severalvisitorshave（2）umbrellasintheoffice.Idon'tknowwhythis（3）

happening.MaybeIshouldputupa（4）bythedoorremindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo.

大意:当他们看见房间里有5把伞的时候，通常会感到困惑。真相是，不是所有的雨伞都是我的。很多来访者遗留到办公室的。我不知道为什么一直会这样。也许，我应该在门口贴张便利贴，以提醒他们走的时候带上雨伞。

【答案】1.puzzled

2.left

3.keeps

4.note

【解析】1.词汇题。根据句中“当他们看见房间里有5把伞的时候”推测,主句部分为:人们通常感到困惑。

2.词汇题。句意:很多来访者遗留到办公室的。而且此处应填动词的过去分词,即left。

3.词汇题。句意:为什么这件事总在发生。空后为happening，因此填keep语义跟语法上都符合。

4.词汇题。根据后面的remindingthemtotaketheirumbrellaswhentheygo以及前面的putup推测此处应填note(便利贴)。

20.单选题

Asnowfallconsistsofmyriadsofminuteicecrystalsthatfalltothegroundintheformoffrozenprecipitation.Theformationofsnowbeginswiththeseicecrystalsinthesubfreezingstrataofthemiddleandupperatmospherewhenthereisanadequatesupplyofmoisturepresent.Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus,asolidparticleofmatteraroundwhichmoisturecondensesandfreezes.Liquidwaterdropletsfloatingintheupperatmosphereandfreeicecrystalscannotcoexistwithinthesamecloud,sincethevaporpressureoficeislessthanthatofwater.Thisenablestheicecrystalstorobtheliquiddropletsoftheirmoistureandgrowcontinuously.Theprocesscanbeveryrapid,quicklycreatingsizableiceCrystals,someofwhichadheretoeachothertocreateaclusteroficecrystalsorasnowflake.Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.Typically,snowflakesinactualsnowfallsconsistofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.ThePacificOceanisthesourceofmoistureformostsnowfallswestoftheRockyMountains,whiletheGulfofMexicoandtheAtlanticOceanfeedwatervaporintotheaircurrentsoverthecentralandeasternsectionsoftheUnitedStates.Othergeographicalfeaturesalsocanbethesourceofmoistureforsomesnowstorms.Forexample,areasadjacenttotheGreatLakesexperiencetheirownaddition,mountainoussectionsorrisingterraincaninitiatesnowfallsbythegeographicalliftingofamoistairstream.

1.Whatisatthecenterofanicecrystal?

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?

3.Ifasnowfallcontinuessometimesinceitbegins,wecanconcludethat（

）.

4.Howdolake-effectsnowstormsform?

问题1选项

A.Asmallsnowflake.

B.Anucleus.

C.Adropofwater.

D.Ahexagon.

问题2选项

A.Aminusculenucleusisakindofsolidparticleofmatter.

B.Thefreeicecrystalscangrowcontinuously.

C.Inactualsnowfalls,weusuallyfindthatsimpleflakespossesssymmetricalshapes.

D.Forasnowstorm,theremustbeanadequatesourceofmoisture.

问题3选项

A.thereisplentyofmoisture.

B.theremustbeasourceofwaternearbyandthetemperaturewillfall.

C.thesnowflakeconsistsofbrokenfragmentsandclustersofadheringicecrystals.

D.thereareairstreams’motionsfromoverwatersurfacetohigherregions.

问题4选项

A.Watertemperaturesdropbelowfreezing.

B.Moisturerisesfromalakeintoairstreams.

C.Largequantitiesofwetaircome-offanearbymountain.

D.Millionsoficecrystalsformonthesurfaceofalargelake

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:C

第3题:D

第4题:B

【解析】1.细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“Atthecoreofeveryicecrystalisaminusculenucleus...每个冰晶的核心都有一个极小的核”选项B正确。

2.细节事实题。根据第一段倒数第二句“Simpleflakespossessavarietyofbeautifulforms,usuallyhexagonal,thoughthesymmetricalshapesreproducedinmostmicroscopephotographyofsnowflakesarenotusuallyfoundinactualsnowfalls.简单的雪花有各种美丽的形状，通常是六角形的，尽管雪花在大多数显微镜图像下再生的形状是对称的，但通常在实际的降雪过程中却不是这样的。”由此可知，选项C表述不正确。

3.细节事实题。根据第二段一二句“Forasnowfalltocontinue,onceitstarts,theremustbeaconstantinflowofmoisturetosupplythenuclei.Thismoistureissuppliedbythepassageofanairstreamoverawatersurfaceanditssubsequentliftingtohigherregionsoftheatmosphere.如果降雪持续不断，必须有源源不断的水分供应核。这种水分是由气流通过水面并随后上升到大气的较高区域提供的。”选项D符合原文。选项A中“plenty”不准确，应该是“constant”；选项B中的温度在文中没有涉及；选项C与题干无关；只有选项D正确，所以本题选D。

4.细节事实题。根据上一题的分析“如果降雪持续不断，必须有源源不断的水分供应核。这种水分是由气流通过水面并随后上升到大气的较高区域提供的。”由此可知，选项B正确。

21.单选题

V.CivilandCommercialLaw

Earlyinthe20thcentury,NewZealandadoptedanationalno-faultworkerscompensationscheme,replacingtortlawforindustrialaccidentswhileleavingtherestofitintact.Italsomandatedtortliabilityinsuranceagainstautoaccidents.Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

In1967,thecommissionpublishedtheWoodhouseReport(namedafterthejusticewholedtheeffort).Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”unpredictabledamageawards,andhightransactioncosts(amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime).Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally(notjustworkplaceaccidents),onethatithopedwouldbedesignedtoprovidewagelossbenefitsroughlymatchingpre-injuryearningsandadditionalbenefitsforpermanentbodilyimpairment,whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention,victimrehabilitation,andadministrativeefficiency.

In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.Itenjoyedbipartisansupportandpassedquiteeasily-afactthatwillastonishanyAmericanlawyerobservingtheendlessstrugglesovereventhemildesttortreformsintheU.S.Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974.

Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.ThenewsystemwasnotthecomprehensiveabolitionoftortthattheWoodhouseReporthadproposed.Rather,itlimitedno-faultcoveragetomotorvehicle-relatedinjuriesandtowage-earners’injuries(whetherworkrelatedornot).Butthegovernmentsubsequentlyexpandedthesystemtocovervirtuallyallaccidentalinjuriesandtoconferverybroadbenefitsforvictims.NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.

67.Accordingtothe1stparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementaboutthecommissionisNOTtrue?

68.TheWoodhouseReportcontainedthefollowingBUT___.

69.WhichstatementabouttheAccidentCompensationActistrue?

70.TheNewZealandersattitudetowardsthenewtortsystemwas___.

问题1选项

A.Itwasestablishedin1960.

B.Itwasauthorizedtoexplorepossiblereformstotheworkerscompensationsystem.

C.Itdecidedtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.

D.Itwasaroyalcommission.

问题2选项

A.criticizingthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality”

B.propositionaboutacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationscheme

C.accidentprevention

D.muchlowercoststhanthecomparablecostsinU.S.

问题3选项

A.ItbecameeffectiveinApril1973.

B.TheNationalPartygovernmentwasagainsttheAct.

C.TheJusticeandLabourministriesactivelypromotedtheAct.

D.TheActwasamendedin1973beforeitbecameeffective.

问题4选项

A.supportivefromtheverybeginning

B.representedbyasmallgroupofdedicatedreformers

C.firstunconcerned,thenbecameproudofit

D.representedbytheinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions

【答案】第1题:A

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:C

【解析】67.【试题答案】A

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键词“thecommission”定位到原文第一段Duringthe1960s,NewZealandestablishedaroyalcommissiontoexplorepossiblereformstoitsworkerscompensationsystem.（20世纪60年代，新西兰成立了一个皇家委员会，探讨对其工人薪酬制度可能进行的改革）可知这个皇家委员会是在20世纪60年代（指1960~1969）成立，无法判断是否成立于1960年，A选项“它成立于1960年”陈述和原文不符，B选项“它被授权探索对工人补偿制度进行可能的改革”以及D选项“这是一个皇家委员会”符合原文；第一段Assometimesoccurswithsuchbodies,itdecidednottobelimitedbyitsremitbutproceededinsteadtoreviewthetortsystemmoregenerally.（正如这些机构有时会发生的那样，它决定不受其职权范围的限制，而是更广泛地审查侵权制度）可知C选项“它决定更广泛地审查侵权制度”符合原文。因此A选项符合题意。

68.【试题答案】D

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干关键字“TheWoodhouseReport”定位到原文第二段amountingtoover40%ofthetotalsystemcosts,muchlowerthanthecomparablecostsinU.S.asbestoslitigationfirstlaunchedataroundthesametime（相当于总制度成本的40%以上，远低于美国石棉诉讼中的可比成本）可知D选项“比美国的可比成本低得多”所提到的范围比原文所提及的“远低于美国石棉诉讼中的可比成本”大得多，D选项对比原文有误；第二段Itseverelycriticizedthefault-basedtortsystem’s“falsemorality,”（它严厉批评了基于过错的侵权制度的“虚假道德”）可知A选项“批评基于过错的侵权制度的‘虚假道德’”符合原文；第二段Inplaceoftort,theReportproposedacomprehensiveno-faultcompensationschemeforpersonalinjuriesgenerally…whilealsopromotingaccidentprevention…（报告提出了一个全面的人身伤害无过错赔偿计划……同时也促进了事故预防……）可知B选项“关于全面无故障补偿方案的提议”和C选项“事故预防”符合原文。因此D选项符合题意。

69.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】事实细节题。根据题干定位到原文第三段In1972,theNationalPartygovernment,whoseJusticeandLabourministrieshadbeenactivelypromotingthecommissionandtheWoodhouseReport,pushedthroughtheAccidentCompensationAct.（1972年，国家党政府，其司法部和劳动部一直在积极推动委员会和伍德豪斯报告，推动通过了事故赔偿法）可知C选项“司法部和劳工部积极推动该法”符合原文，同时可知B选项“国家党政府反对该法案”和原文相悖；第三段Amendedin1973bythenewLabourgovernmenttoincludeaccidentstonon-wageearners,theActwentintoeffectinApril1974（新工党政府于1973年修订了这项法案，将事故纳入非工薪阶层，该法案于1974年4月生效）可知法案生效于1974年4月，A选项“1973年4月生效”和D选项“该法案在1973年生效前进行了修正”错误。因此C选项符合题意。

70.【试题答案】C

【试题解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键字“TheNewZealanders”定位到原文第四段Evenmoresurprising,thepublicdidnotdemandthenewsystem.（更令人惊讶的是，公众并没有要求新系统）可知新西兰人最开始并没有支持新的侵权制度，而是不关心，A选项“从一开始就支持”不符合原文，结合第四段最后一句NewZealanderstodaygenerallyregardtheirsystem(somedisputeddetailsaside)asamainstayoftheirsocialpolicy.（今天的新西兰人普遍认为他们的制度（撇开一些有争议的细节不谈）是他们社会政策的支柱）可知起初不关心的新西兰人们现在觉得自豪，选C选项“起初不关心，后来变得自豪”；第四段Instead,accordingtoGeoffreyPalmer,itwasthehandiworkofasmallgroupofdedicatedreformersledbyinfluentialandprestigiousjudges.（相反，据杰弗里帕尔默说，这是一个由有影响力和声望的法官领导的致力于改革的小团体的杰作）可知B选项“由一小群献身的改革者代表”并不是新西兰民众的态度，原文只是说明这个制度是由有影响力和声望的法官领导的致力于改革的小团体的杰作；第四段Successwasassuredwhenthemajorgroupsopposingthereform—theinsuranceindustry,thebar,andlaborunions—turnedouttobepoliticallyweakandfragmented.（当反对改革的主要团体——保险业、律师协会和工会——在政治上变得软弱和支离破碎时，改革取得了成功）可知保险业、律师协会和工会是反对改革的主要群体，并不是新西兰人对新的侵权制度的态度，也不能算新西兰人对这一制度的代表态度，D选项“以保险行业、律师和工会为代表”错误。因此C选项正确。

22.单选题

Wehavebeenhearing______accountsofyourwork.

问题1选项

A.favored

B.favorable

C.favorite

D.favoring

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容词辨析。favored“有利的；收到优待的”；favorable“有利的；赞许的”；favorite“最喜爱的”；favoring“顺利的；有帮助的”。句意：我们一直在听……你工作的报道。因此B选项符合题意。

23.单选题

Thatbecamesomewhatmoregentleascarebecamemoresophisticated.Weenteredwhatmightbecalledthe（

）Period,wherethephysicianwaslikeafatherwhoknewwhatwasbestforhispatient.

问题1选项

A.Parental

B.Maternal

C.Fraternal

D.Paternal

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项Parental“父母的”；B选项Maternal“母亲的”；C选项Fraternal“兄弟的”；D选项Paternal“父亲的”句意：随着护理工作变得越来越复杂，这种感觉也变得温和了一些。我们进入了所谓的“……期”，医生就像一位父亲，知道什么对他的病人是最好的。根据后面句意可知D选项符合题意。

24.单选题

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetocoldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsandtheirconsequences,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschoolCognitiveresearchers,whostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthatrewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.

Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparkscreativityingrade-schoolchildren,suggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalofPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Ifkidsknowthey’reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEisenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNeward.“Butit’seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesfor