考研考博-英语-山东药品食品职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解2

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！住在富人区的她考研考博-英语-山东药品食品职业学院考试押题三合一+答案详解（图片大小可自由调整）全文为Word可编辑，若为PDF皆为盗版，请谨慎购买！第I卷一.综合题库-全考点押密(共120题)1.单选题

Ajobdescriptionshouldgivedetailsoftheperformance______aspecificjob.

问题1选项

A.thatisrequiredfor

B.thatrequired

C.thatrequires

D.requiringfor

【答案】A

【解析】考查定语从句。根据句子结构和句意，先行词performance在定语从句中是require的逻辑宾语，是被要求具备的，要用被动语态；C、B、D均为主动语态；本句句意是：工作描述应详细说明具体工作所需的表现。因此选A。

2.单选题

ResearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisdeterminedthatthe（）ofafathercanhelpimproveachild’sgrades.

问题1选项

A.involvement

B.communication

C.interaction

D.association

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项involvement“涉及”；B选项communication“交流”；C选项interaction“交互”；D选项association“协会”。句意：易里若斯大学的研究者们确定父亲的介入有助于孩子提高成绩。本句表示父亲的介入，因此A选项正确。

3.单选题

Cultural______indicatesthathumanbeingshandtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother.

问题1选项

A.translation

B.transition

C.transmission

D.transaction

【答案】C

【解析】考查形近词辨析。A选项translation“翻译”；B选项transition“转变，变迁”；C选项transmission“传播，传递”；D选项transaction“交易，业务”。根据handtheirlanguagesdownfromonegenerationtoanother可知C选项符合语义。句意：文化传播意味着人类将他们的语言代代相传。

4.单选题

Itwassucha(n)（

）whenPatandMikemeteachotherinTokyo.EachthoughtthattheotherwasstillinHongKong.

问题1选项

A.occurrence

B.coincidence

C.fancy

D.destiny

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词词义辨析。occurrence“发生，事件”；coincidence“巧合，一致”；fancy“幻想，想象力”；destiny“命运，天命”。句意：派特和迈克能在东京偶遇是多么巧合的一件事。俩人都以为对方在香港。选项B符合题意。

5.单选题

Remembertoaskfora（

）ofqualityforthesegoods;otherwisetheywillnotofferanymaintenance.

问题1选项

A.warranty

B.promise

C.certificate

D.receipt

【答案】A

【解析】名词辨析题。A选项warranty“保证，担保”；B选项promise“许诺，允诺”；C选项certificate“证书”；D选项receipt“收据”。

句意：记住要对这些货物要求质量保证；否则他们将不提供任何维修。选项A符合语境。

6.单选题

Hundredsofchickensareraisedinthe（）.

问题1选项

A.exposure

B.enclosure

C.closure

D.pressure

【答案】B

【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项exposure“暴露；曝光”；B选项enclosure“附件；围墙”；C选项closure“关闭；终止”；D选项pressure“压力；压迫”。句意：……里养了数百只小鸡。句中所说的是圈养小鸡，所以会需要一堵围墙。因此B选项符合题意。

7.单选题

Packedlikesardinesintosweaty,claustrophobicsubwaycarriages,passengerscanbarelybreathe,______moveaboutfreely.

问题1选项

A.aswellas

B.disregardfor

C.letalone

D.notmentioning

【答案】C

【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项aswellas“也；不但……而且”；B选项disregardfor“漠视”；C选项letalone“更不用说；不打扰”；D选项notmentioning“没有提到”。句意：乘客像沙丁鱼一样挤在汗流浃背、幽闭恐怖的地铁车厢里，几乎无法呼吸，______自由走动。根据语境，这里是指车厢里面很挤，呼吸都困难，自由走动就更困难了，所以letalone“更不用说”符合题意。因此C选项正确。

8.单选题

The（）ofthespringwaterattractsalotofvisitorsfromalloverthecountry.

问题1选项

A.clash

B.clarify

C.clarity

D.clatter

【答案】C

【解析】clash冲突；clarify澄清，阐明；clarity清澈，透明；clatter哗啦声，嘈杂声。句意：清澈的泉水吸引了许多来自全国各地的游客。选项C符合句意。

9.翻译题

Theundeniablefactisthatclimateisglobalproblemthatrequiresaglobalsolution.Tobesure,industrializationintheNorthcontributedenormouslytoincreasedgreenhousegasconcentrations.Developedcountries,includingtheUnitedStates,musttakesignificantstepsimmediately.

Actingalone,however,developedcountriescannotstabilizeglobalgreenhousegasconcentrations.Fromascientificstandpoint,meaningfulparticipationbykeydevelopingcountriesisanecessity.Severallargedevelopingcountrieswillsoonbecometheworld'sleadingemitters.Developingcountriesalreadyproduce44%ofglobalfossilfuelemissions.

Inaddition,developingcountriesareresponsibleforadisproportionateshareofdeforestationandotherland—usepracticesthathaveraisedcarbonconcentrations.

Percapitaenergyintensityratiosinsome,notall,developingcountriescontinuetorisebriskly,despitetheexistenceofcleantechnologiesthatwerenotinventedwhendevelopedcountrieswereindustrialized.Intheimmediatefuture，80%ofnewelectricpowergenerationprojectswilloccurindevelopingcountries.Allofuswantthoseprojectstousethelatestcuttingedgetechnologies.

【答案】不容否认的事实是气候变化是一个全球问题，需要在全球范围内加以解决。毫无疑问，北半球的工业化对温室气体量的增多负有很大责任。包括美国在内的发达国家应该立即釆取措施。

不过，发达国家孤军奋战并不能抑制全球温室气体的增多。从科学角度来看，主要发展中国家的参与是必要的。几个最大的发展中国家很快就会成为世界上最大的排放国。发展中国家化石燃料排放量已经占到全球排放量的44%。不仅如此，发展中国家还要对过度砍伐森林和其他引起碳浓度增加的土地使用行为负责任。

尽管现在已经拥有了发达国家在工业化时还没有发明的清洁技术，一些发展中国家的人均能源消耗强度仍在持续快速增长。不远的将来，80%的新建发电项目会出现在发展中国家。我们所有人都希望这些项目将采用最新的尖端技术。

10.翻译题

IfyoujudgetheprogressofhumanitybyHomerSimpson,ParisHilton,andGirlsGoneWildvideos,youmightconcludethatourevolutionhasstalledorevenshiftedintoreverse.Notso,scientistssay.Humansareevolvingfasterthaneverbefore,pickingupnewgenetictraitsandtalentsthatmayhelpussurviveaturbulentfuture.

Muchremodelinghasgoneonsciencethedawnofagricultureabout10millenniumsago.”Peoplewholived10000yearsagoweremuchmorelikeNeanderthalsthanwearelikethosepeople:saysJohnHawks,aprofessorofanthropologyattheUniversityofWisconsin."We’vechanged".

Hawksisamongagrowingnumberofscientistswhoareusingwhole-genomesequencing(全基因组测试)andothermodemtechnologiestozeroinonjusthowwe’vechanged.Theirresearchishelpingilluminatenotonlyhowhumansbecamewhatwearebutalsowherewemightbeheaded.Forinstance,somescientistsspeculatethatchangesinhumanmatingpatternsmaybecontributingtotheincreaseinautism.Otherstrackhowhumanshavemorphedinresponsetochangingcircumstance,includingenhancedabilitiestometabolizesugarandfightdisease.SomepeoplearegeneticallymoreresistanttotheHIVvirus,forinstance,andthattraitshouldbecomemorecommoninthefuture,asthosepeoplearemorelikelytosurviveandhavechildrenwhoareresistant.Yetforsomepeople,themakeoverisn’tbigenoughorfastenough.SomeparentshavestartedusingDNAtestingtochoosethegeneticmakeupoftheirchildren,rejectingembryoswithinheritedflawsorembracingthosewithdesiredtraits-suchasbeingtherightsex.

Untilrecently,anthropologistthoughtthathumanevolutionhadsloweddown,butlastDecember,Hawksreportedthatithadactuallyaccelerated100-foldinthepast5000to10000years.HefiguredthatoutbycomparingchunksofDNAamong269peoplefromaroundtheworld.Overtime,DNAaccumulatesrandommutations,justasthefrontofawhiteT-shirttendstoaccumulatespots.ThebiggerthechunksofDNAwithoutrandomspots,themostrecentlyithadbeenmimed.Usingthissystem,Hawksconcludedthatrecentgeneticchangesaccountforabout7percentofhumangenome.Muchoftheincrease,hesays,hasfueledbythegrowthoftheworld’spopulation,whichhasexpandedbyafactorof1000overthepast10000years.Havingmorepeopleincreasestheoddsofmutations.

Atthesametime,thehumangenomehasbeenscramblingtoadopttoarapidlychangingworld-11000yearsago,nobodyframed,nobodymilkeddomesticatedanimals,andnobodylivedinacity.Peoplewithamutationthataidedsurvivalweremorelikelytothrive,reproduce,andpassthatmutationalongtooffspringForexample,thecapacitytodigestlactose,thesugarinmilk,hasbecomecommononlyoverthepast3000years.Now,about95percentofthepeopleinnorthernGermanyhavethemutation,whichalsopoppedupindependentlyamongtheMasaiinAfricanandtheLappsinFinlandHawkssays:"thisisreallyrapidevolution."

Humanswillcontinuetochangetocopewithnewdiseases,ifhistoryisanyguideGenesthatdefendagainstinfectionsdiseasehavebeenamongthemostrapidlyevolvingpartsofthehumangenome.PeoplewhoseancestorslivedinEuropeancitiesaremorelikelytohavesomeresistancetosmallpox,whilepeopleinsub-SaharanAfricaaremorelikelytogeneticallyresistancetomalaria.Justweeksago,researchreportedthatonegeneticvariantthatonegeneticvariantthatprotectsagainstmalariaalsomakespeoplemoresusceptibletoAIDS,adiscoverythatcouldleadtotailoredtreatmentifforAIDSinAfrica.

Rightnow,ourgenesareplayingcatch-upagainstmodemscourges-likediabetes,NativeAmericansandPolynesians,whoseculturesonlyrecentlyadoptedaEuropean-styledietofdiabetes.Thetheoryisthatthe'thriftygenes"thathelpedthosegroupssurvivefamineshaven’thadtimetoadapttotheglucosespikescausedbyeatingstarchyfood."Howwemovesugarsaroundhowbumthemhavereallychangedalot,"saysGregoryWary,anevolutionarybiologistatDukeUniversity.

It’sevenpossiblethatveryrecentchangesinsocietyandtheworkplacecouldunderpintherecentriseincasesofautism.SimonBaron-Cohen,directoroftheAutismResearchCentreattheUniversityofCambridge,wasstruckbyhowmanyoftheparentsofchildrenwithautismwhohetestedwerereallygood‘‘systematizers”peoplewhounderstandtheworldaccordingtorulesorlaws.TheyalsoweremorelikelytohaveafatherwhoworkedinengineeringHewondersiftheincreaseinautismdiagnosescouldbepartlydueto‘assortativemating’thatis,peoplepickingmateslikethemselves.

Peoplewithautism(自闭症)spectrumdisorderareoftendetailorientedandanalytical,andtodaytheymighthaveaneasiertimefindingaspousewithsimilarabilitiesthantheywouldhaveinpasteras.Baron-Cohennotesthatinthelate1950s,onlytwopercentoftheundergraduatesatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologywerewomen;now,50percentare.So,he’ssettingupastudytotestwhetherassortativematingamongpeoplewithageneticpredispositionforautismcouldbefuelingthebirthofmorechildrenwithautism.

Thehumanbrain,whichhasevolvedintocognitionuniqueintheworld,islikelytochangeevenmoreinthefuture.Ournicheinnature,saysStephenPinker,anexperimentalpsychologistatHarvardUniversitywhostudiestheevolutionoflanguageandthemindisthe’’cognitiveniche".Inresearchpublishedlastyear,Waryidentifiedgenesthatcontrolglucosemetabolisminthebrainasamongthosemostrecentlyevolved.Thosechangesmayhavebeenessentialtofuelingthehumanbrain’sgrowthtoasizetwicethatofournearestcousinthechimpanzee."Ifyoumakeabigbrain,it’sanenergyhog:Warysays.’’It'slikeputtingV-8energyinatinylittlecar/'Itcouldalsohelpexplainwhychimpanzeesdon'tgetdiabetes,whitehumansdo.

【答案】霍克斯是越来越多使用全基因组测序和其他现代技术来关注人类变化的科学家之一。

例如，有些人在基因上对艾滋病毒有更强的抵抗力，这种特性在未来应该会变得更加普遍，因为这些人更有可能存活下来，并生下具有抗艾滋病毒能力的孩子。

一些父母已经开始使用DNA测试来选择他们孩子的基因组成，拒绝那些有遗传缺陷的胚胎，或者接受那些有理想特征的胚胎例如恰当的性别的胚胎。

其祖先生活在欧洲城市的人更有可能对天花有抵抗能力，而生活在撒哈拉以南非洲地区的人更有可能生来就有抗疟疾能力。

自闭症谱系障碍患者往往注重细节，善于分析。如今，他们可能比过去的时代更容易找到具有类似能力的配偶。

11.单选题

Hespokeso（

）thatevenhisopponentswerewonoverbyhisarguments.

问题1选项

A.bluntly

B.convincingly

C.emphatically

D.determinedly

【答案】B

【解析】考查副词词义辨析题。A选项bluntly“坦率地，率直地”；B选项convincingly“使人信服地，有说服力地”；C选项emphatically“坚决地，断然地”；D选项determinedly“决然地，断然地”。句意：他讲得如此有说服力，以至于他的对手都被他的辩论所折服。结合此处句意，B选项正确。

12.翻译题

Directions:TranslatethefollowingpassageintoEnglishandputyouranswersonAnswerSheet.

皮影戏（ShadowPlay）是中国民间广为流传的傀儡戏之一，两千年前的西汉时期诞生在中国陕西，清代在河北盛极一时。皮影戏的人物道具用兽皮或纸板剪成，演员在一块隔亮布后操纵道具进行表演。中国的不少地方戏曲剧种都是从皮影戏中派生而来。如今，中国皮影被世界各国的博物馆收藏，还是中国政府与其他国家领导人相互往来时的馈赠佳品。

【答案】AsoneoftheearliestoperaformsandasortofwidespreadpuppetplayinChina,ShadowpuppetrywasborninShaanxi,China,duringtheWesternHanDynasty2,000yearsago,andflourishedinHebeiduringtheQingDynasty.Itscharactersandpropsaremadeofanimalskinsorpaperboardsandthestorywasperformedbyilluminatingtheseimageswiththehelpoflamplight.Whileperforming,theperformersmanipulatethecharactersbehindthewhitecurtain.ManylocaloperasinChinaarederivedfromshadowplay.Nowadays,Chineseshadowpuppetsarecollectedinmuseumsaroundtheworld,andareoftenpresentedasgiftsbytheChinesegovernmenttoleadersofothercountrieswhentheyinteractwitheachother.

13.不定项选择题

AlanChangwasahandsomeyoungmanwithgoodmanners.

Onemorninghewaswalkingalongastreetonhiswaytoanappointment.Hedidnotwanttobeearlyorlate.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi.

“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,verypolitely,“butcouldyoutellmethetime?”

Theman,whowasverywell-dressedandlookedquiterich,saidnothing.HedidnotevenlookatAlan.

Alanspoketohimagain.“Excuseme,sir,”hesaid,“butcouldyoupleasetellmewhattimeis?”

Thistimethemanlookedathim,buthedidnotspeakandlookedquicklyaway.

Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude.

“Whywon’tyoutellmethetime,sir?”hedemanded.

Themanturnedtowardshimandsaid,“Trytounderstandme,Iamstandingherewaitingforataxi.Youcomeuptomeandaskmeforthetime.IfItellittoyou,youwillthankme.Iwillsay,‘That’sallright.’Youmaythensay,‘It’sabeautifulday,’towhichImayreply‘Yes,Ilikethesesunnywinterdays.’Beforeweknowwhatishappeningwehaveafriendlyconversation.Youareapleasant,politeyoungmanandsowhenmytaxicomes,Iofferyouaride.Youaccept.Wetalk.Ilikeyou.Youlikeme.Iinviteyoutomyhome.Youmeetmydaughter.Sheisaveryprettygirl.Youareagood-lookingman.Youlikeeachother.Soonyoufallinlove.Youwanttomarry.Nowdoyouunderstandmyproblem?”

Alanshookhishead.

“Nosir,I’msorry,Idon’t.Everythingyouhavesaidseemsverynaturaltome.”

“Exactly,”themansaid,“andIdonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch.Goodmorningtoyou,”andwiththesewordshehurriedaway.

1.WhydidAlanaskthemanwhattimeitwas?

2.WhatdidAlanthinkthemanwaswhenhewouldnottellhimthetime?

3.Whydidn’tthemantellAlanthetime?

4.WhatkindofamandidthemanconsiderAlanChang?

5.Whatisthestoryreallyabout?

问题1选项

A.Hewaslate.

B.Hewasearly.

C.Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatch.

D.Hewantedtomeettheman’sdaughter.

问题2选项

A.rude

B.deaf

C.stupid

D.unabletospeakEnglish

问题3选项

A.Hedidnotknowit.

B.Hedidnothaveawatch.

C.HethoughtAlanwasathief.

D.HedidnotwanttospeaktoAlan.

问题4选项

A.athief

B.apoorman

C.acheat

D.arichman

问题5选项

A.tellingthetime

B.beingrudetopeople

C.notspeakingtostrangers

D.onethingleadingtoanother

【答案】第1题:C

第2题:A

第3题:D

第4题:B

第5题:D

【解析】第1题:事实细节题。由第二段第三句Hehadforgottentoputonhiswatchsohewentuptoamanwhowaswaitingforataxi（他忘了戴表，所以走到一个正在等出租车的人面前）可知C选项“他忘了戴表”正确。

第2题:事实细节题。由第七段Alanthoughttohimself:Well,he’snotdeaf.Hemustbejustrude（艾伦心想：嗯，他不是聋子。他一定只是没有礼貌）可知，A选项“粗鲁的，无礼的”正确。

第3题:推理判断题。由文章第九段至末尾可知，“那个男人”不想让女儿嫁给Alan，因此不想跟他说话，因此D选项符合题意。A、B、C选项在本文中均未被提及。

第4题:事实细节题。由最后一段中的Idonotwantmydaughtertomarryamanwhoistoopoortobuyawatch（我不希望我的女儿嫁给一个穷得连手表都买不起的人）可知Alan被认为是一个穷人，因此B选项正确。

第5题:主旨大意题。文章讲述了Alan向路人打听时间，路人却想象了“Alan会跟他相谈甚欢，然后他邀请Alan搭便车，之后邀请Alan去他家，Alan见到了他的女儿并与他女儿陷入爱河”等一系列事情，因此D选项“一件事引发另一件事”符合题意。

14.单选题

Compassionisagreatrespecterofjustice:wepitythosewhosuffer_____.

问题1选项

A.shamelessly

B.unwittingly

C.vicariously

D.undeservedly

【答案】D

【解析】考查副词辨析。D项“不应得地，不当地”。A项“不知羞耻地”，B项“不知情地”，C项“代别人感受地”。结合句意：同情是对正义的极大尊重，我们同情那些遭受的人，因此只有D项符合。

15.翻译题

Forthoseplayingthegameofscience,themethodbywhichtheyascertainwhattheybelieveiscrucial.Theyhavetoevaluatedataandargumentsanddecideforthemselvesontheirvalidity.Scientistscommunicatingtoothershavethetaskofconvincingthehearersofthevalidityoftheirstatementsintermsofthedataandtheirexplanationsofthedata.Theyarenotplayingthegamecorrectlyiftheywinsupportbythestrengthoftheirpersonalityorprestige.Intheshortrunscientistsmayfollowanotheronthebasisofprestige,butthiscannotcontinueindefinitely.Itisuptothehearerstoevaluatewhatthescientistssayratherthanacceptitbecausetheysayit.Andtheculminationofthisenterpriseisthedeterminationofwhethertheexplanationsaccountforthedataobserved.Therelationshipbetweenscientificexplanationsanddatahelpstoensuretheintegrityofscientists.Iftheirfindingsareimportant,theycanbesurethattheirtheoriesanddatawillbeexaminedcriticallyandnewevidenceattained.

Itisthesystemofdata-basedexplanationthatdistinguishessciencefromdogma.Scientistshaveboththerightandtheresponsibilitytodecideforthemselves,onthebasisofevidenceathand,thebestexplanationofasetofphenomena.Ontheotherhand,dogma(religious,economic,politicalorsocial)dependsonpronouncementsbyestablishedauthorities.

【答案】【参考译文】

对于那些玩科学游戏的人来说，用什么方法来确定相信什么至关重要。他们必须评估数据和论点，并自己判断其正确性。科学家在与他人交流时，需要让听者相信他们的数据陈述及其对数据解释的正确性。如果他们以自己的个性或威望赢得支持，就没有遵循正确的游戏之道。在短期内，科学家们可能会基于声望而追随另一个科学家，但这种情况不可能无限期地持续下去。听者应该评估科学家所说的，而不是因为他们说了就接受。而这一事业的顶级目标是确定解释到了观测到的数据。科学解释与数据之间的关系有助于确保科学家的完整性。如果他们的发现是重要的，就可以确信他们的理论和数据会得到严格的检验，并获得新的证据。

正是基于数据的解释，系统将科学与教条区分开来。科学家有权利也有责任根据手头的证据，自行做出对一系列现象的最佳解释。另一方面，教条（宗教的、经济的、政治的或社会的）取决于权威的观点。

16.单选题

Thestatistics（）thatlivingstandardsintheareahaveimproveddrasticallyinrecenttimes.

问题1选项

A.proves

B.isproving

C.areproving

D.prove

【答案】D

【解析】句意:这些统计数据表明这个地方的生活标准在最近已经彻底地改善。

语法题。考查时态。主语为statistics(数据(复数)),句意为“数据表明”,因此此处应该用一般现在时。故选D。

17.写作题

Writeanessayonthegiventopic"OnUniversity".Basedonthefollowingoutline,presentyourargumentwithsupportingdetailsofnolessthan250words.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.

1.大学的功能

2.大学是否实现了目标

3.如何改进

【答案】OnUniversity

Itisaclearfactthatourcountryattachesgreatimportancetoeducationandtherearemuchmorestudentswhobecomeuniversityfreshmeneachyear.Althoughtheyhaveenteredintotheiridealsanctum,dotheyreallyknowabouttheuniversity?

Inmyopinion,universityisnotonlyaplaceofacquiringknowledgebutaplaceofgettingintegrateddevelopmentaswell.Auniversitystudentisonthebestphaseofforminghisowncharacteranddevelopinghisall-aroundcapacity.However,teachersintheclassstillkeeptotraditionalteachingmethod,whichhardlycreateakindofenvironmentwherestudentshavechancetoexpresstheirownthoughts.Inaddition,auniversitycanbedescribedasabridgebetweenstudentsandsociety.Ifitdoesn’tlinkthebothsides,ornotenough,oncestudentsstepintosociety,theymaybepuzzledbymanythingsandscarcelyknowhowtodealwiththem.Sohowtoimproveuniversityeducation?Weshouldinnovateuponteachingmethodonthebasisoftraditionalonesoastoletstudentshavemorechancestospeakouttheirownthinking.Wecanalsoholdasmalldiscussingmeetingtodealwiththerealproblemsfromsociety,thereforewhenstudentsgooutofthecampus,theywilladaptthemselvestothesocietyquickly.

Tosumup,nowadaysthemainproblemsexistinginuniversityeducationisthatmoststudentslackofabilitytothinkindependentlyandtodealwithcomplexthingsinoursociety.I’msuretheseproblemswillbesolvedaslongascorrectandeffectivemeasurescanbetaken.

18.单选题

Thechairmanwasblamedforlettinghissecretary（）toomuchworklastweek.

问题1选项

A.taketo

B.takeout

C.takeaway

D.takeon

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。taketo“走向，开始从事”；takeout“取出，去掉”；takeaway“带走，拿走”；takeon“承担，呈现”。句意：上周，主席因让他的秘书承担很多工作而受到责备。D项符合题意。

19.翻译题

人类在历史上的生活正如旅行一样。旅途上的征人所经过的地方，有时是坦荡平原，有时是崎岖险路。志于旅途的人，走到平坦的地方，固是高高兴兴地向前走，走到崎岖的境界，愈是奇趣横生，觉得在此奇绝壮绝的境界，愈能感到一种冒险的美趣。

【答案】Thehistoricalcourseofman’slifeisjustlikeajourney.Atraveleronalongjourneypassesthroughnowabroad,levelplain,nowarugged,hazardousroad.Whileadeterminedtravelercheerfullycontinueshisjourneyuponreachingasafeandsmoothplace,hefindsitstillmorefascinatingtocometoaruggedplace,theenormouslymagnificentspectacleofwhich,hefeels,isbetterabletogenerateinhimawonderfulsensationofadventure.

20.单选题

Thestreetperformerwassobadwehadto（）him,butdidwehavetothrowtherottentomatoesathishead?

问题1选项

A.jeer

B.dissolve

C.adjourn

D.guarantee

【答案】A

【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项jeer“嘲笑；戏弄”；B选项dissolve“使溶解；使分解；使液化”；C选项adjourn“推迟；使……中止”；D选项guarantee“保证；担保”。句意：街头艺人的表演是如此糟糕，所以我们不得不嘲笑他，但是我们不得不向他的头扔腐烂的西红柿吗？结合句意，A选项正确。

21.单选题

Asthetrainwillnotleaveuntilonehourlater,we（

）grababiteatthesnackbar.

问题1选项

A.maywell

B.justaswell

C.mightaswell

D.aswell

【答案】C

【解析】句意:既然火车一小时后才开，我们不妨去快餐店吃点东西。

固定搭配。mightaswell不妨……，最好……。

22.单选题

Trysomeofthiscake,whichI（）especiallyforyou.

问题1选项

A.boiled

B.baked

C.burned

D.roasted

【答案】B

【解析】考查动词辨析。boil“煮沸”；bake“烤，烘焙”；burn“燃烧，烧毁”；roast“烤”。句意：吃一点这种蛋糕吧，这是我特意为你烘焙的。烤蛋糕用bake,故B项正确。

23.单选题

IamtoldthatProfessorAtkinshasalreadyvisitedthissiteforfivetimessincetheareawasopenedtogeologistsin2007.

问题1选项

A.Iamtold

B.hasalreadyvisited

C.forfivetimes

D.wasopenedtogeologists

E.没有错误

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。opened应改为open,beopento对…开放。

24.单选题

Homeeconomistsrecommend______inlargequantities.

问题1选项

A.tobuybasicfooditems

B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood

C.buyingbasicfooditems

D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood

【答案】C

【解析】【选项释义】

A.tobuybasicfooditems购买基本食品B.buyingbasicitemsofthefood购买基本食品

C.buyingbasicfooditems购买基本食品D.tobuybasicitemsofthefood购买基本食品

【答案】C

【考查点】固定搭配。

【解题思路】fooditems是常见搭配，表示“食品”，可先排除B、D项；recommend可以和todo搭配，也可以与doing搭配，但是如果后面跟不定式，recommend后面要跟sb.，recommendsb.todosth.表示“建议某人去做某事”；如果后面跟doing，recommend可以直接跟，recommenddoingsth.表示“建议做某事”，所以此处选择C项。

【干扰项排除】

A项要加sb.才符合搭配，故排除；

B、D项不符合固定搭配。

【句意】家庭经济学家建议大量购买基本食品。

25.单选题

Theideathatboththeparentsandthecommunityareresponsibleforthewell-beingofminorshasgainedacceptanceonlyinthetwentieth.

问题1选项

A.welfare

B.welcome

C.appearance

D.speech

【答案】A

【解析】考查名词辨析。well-being表示“幸福，康乐”。A项welfare“福利”，B项welcome“欢迎，接受”，C项appearance“外貌，外观”，D项speech“演讲”；句意：父母和社会都应该对未成年人的幸福负责的观点直到二十世纪才得到接受。根据句意该题选A。

26.单选题

EventhepresidentisnotreallytheCEO.Nooneis.Powerinacorporationisconcentratedandverticallystructured.PowerinWashingtonis（

）andhorizontallyspreadout.

问题1选项

A.prudent

B.reversible

C.diffuse

D.mandatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项prudent“谨慎的；精明的；节俭的”；B选项reversible“可逆的；可撤销的；可反转的”；C选项diffuse“弥漫的，散开的”；D选项mandatory“强制的；托管的”。句意：甚至总统也不是真正的CEO。没有人是。公司的权力集中在垂直结构上。华盛顿的权力是……并且横向分散的。由前后句意对比可知，此处应表示华盛顿权力的结构是分散的，水平的。因此C选项符合题意。

27.不定项选择题

Justabouteveryoneknowsthemeaningof“value”thoughyou’dneverknowitfromtheexcessesoftheEighties.Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago,theyareshiftingtothetoothpastethatworksfromtheoneswithitslickestpromotions.Companiesthatunderstandthisnewconsumerhavecomeupwithsomethingnew:“valuemarketing”.

Awordofcautionisnecessary.Inmarketing,watchwordsquicklymetamorphousintobuzzwords—andvalueisnoexception.We’renottapingaboutadsthatmerelyboastofaproduct’svalueorevensuchlegitimatesatestoolsaspricecutsanddiscount:Usedcorrectly,valuemarketingamountstomuchmorethanjuststashingpricesdistributingcoupons.Itmeansgivingthecustomeranimprovedproduct,withads,featuresandenhancingtheroleofmarketingitself.Invaluemarketing,marketingbecomespartofthesystemfordeliveringvaluetotheconsumer.Insteadofmerelyshapingimage,suchaprogrammightofferenhanceguaranteesorlongerwarranties,adsthateducateratherthanhype,membershipclubthatbuildloyalty,frequent-buyerplans,improvedcommunicationswithcustomer,through800numbers,orpackagedesignthatmakestheproducteasiertouseormoreenvironmentallyfriendly.

Theseandothervalue-marketingtechniquescanbeexpensive.Theycantankeraddedproductionandmarketingcostsaddedtolowerunitprices.Evenso,theprincipleinvolvedinvaluemarketingvalueformoney,animprovedproduct,enhancednice,andaddedfeatures,arejustthatU.S.businessneedstoenhanceitscompetitivenessintheglobalmarketplace.That’swhyitwillbealltothegoodifthecommonsensicalvirtuesofvaluemarketingbecomepartofthepermanentstrategyofU.S.business.

1.Consumershavewakenupbecauseof（）.

2.Manyconsumersarechoosingthecommodities（）.

3.Inthe1980s,peoplewouldliketogoaftertheproducts（）.

4.Communicationswithcustomersmaybeimproved（）.

5.Avaluemarketingprogrammaynotinclude（）.

问题1选项

A.thepoorproductstheybought

B.thehighpricetheypaidforwhattheybought

C.thedifficulteconomictimes

D.ahorribledream

问题2选项

A.thatareprecious

B.thatarewarranted

C.thatcanshowtheirstatus

D.thatdeliverthemostforthemoney

问题3选项

A.thatweremostexpensive

B.thatwereup-to-date

C.thatcouldshowtheirstatus

D.thatwereinfashion

问题4选项

A.throughannualcustomers’congress

B.throughthefree800numbers

C.throughmembershipclubs

D.throughfrequenteducation

问题5选项

A.dailyvisitstocustomers

B.longerwarranties

C.membershipclubs

D.environmentallyfriendlypackages

【答案】第1题:B

第2题:D

第3题:C

第4题:B

第5题:A

【解析】第1题:推理判断题。消费者清醒了，因为，选项A“他们买到的差质量的商品”；选项B“他们花高价购买了商品”；选项C“经济困难时期”；选项D“一场噩梦”，根据文章第一段中“Clevercampaignsoftenallowedmarketerstochargemorefortheirproductandreapever-higherprofits.Itwakedlikeadreamuntilsuddenly,facingdifficulteconomictimes,consumerswakeup.聪明的营销活动往往使营销人员为他们的产品收取更多的费用，并获得更高的利润。它像一场梦一样的突然醒来，由于经历困难的经济时期，消费者清醒了”，由此句可知经历经济困难时期是消费者清醒的导火索，商家提高商品价格，使得消费者花高价购买了商品是消费者清醒过来的根本原因，此处应该选择真正使得消费者不再相信商家任意抬高的商品价格，清醒过来的根本原因，故正确答案为选项B。

第2题:细节事实题。许多消费者会选择什么样的商品，选项A“宝贵的”；选项B“有保障的”；选项C“能够展示他们地位的”；选项D“更多的考虑价格”，根据文章第一段中“Now,totheextentthatthey’rebuying,manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago…现在，就他们的购买限度来说，许多消费者选择价格最合适的车，而不必要像几年前一样，选择能够代表社会地位的车”，此处是以车为例说明了现在消费者的购买倾向，所以在购买其他产品的时候他们同样也会考虑价格再做出选择，故正确答案为选项D。

第3题:细节事实题。在19世纪80年代，人们会追崇什么商品，选项A“最贵的”；选项B“最新的”；选项C“展示他们社会地位的”；选项D“时髦的”，根据第一段中“manyconsumersarechoosingthecarthatdeliversthemostforthemonkey—notnecessarilytheonetheycovetedasastatussymbolafewyearsago许多消费者会选择价格最合适的车，而不必要像几年前一样，选择能够代表社会地位的车”，可知几年前，也差不多就是80年代的时候，人们会倾向于选择能够展示他们社会地位的商品，而不是那些最贵的，最新的或者时髦的，故正确答案为选项C。

第4题:细节事实题。与消费者的沟通可能会通过什么来提高，选项A“通过每年召开消费者会议”；选项B“通过免费电话”；选项C“通过会员俱乐部”；选项D“通过经常的教育”，根据文章倒数第二段中“improvedcommunicationswithcustomer,through800numbers通过免费电话增加与消费者的沟通”，可知提高与消费者的沟通是通过800免费电话，故正确答案为选项B。

第5题:细节事实题。价值营销活动不包括，选项A“每天拜访消费者”；选项B“更长时间的保证”；选项C“会员俱乐部”；选项D“环境友好的包装”，根据倒数第二段中对价值营销活动的介绍，我们可以知道提及了以下几个项目：更长时间的保证、注重教育而不是大肆宣传的广告、会员俱乐部、免费电话、采购计划、电话、提高包装设计，可知没有提到的活动是“每天拜访消费者”，故正确答案为选项A。

28.单选题

Thesecretarywasharshly（）byherbossformisplacingsomeimportantfiles