2019年自考《英语阅读(二)》试卷及答案

2019年自考《英语阅读（二）》试卷及答案Vocabulary.(10points,1pointforeach)Scanthefollowingpassageandfindthewordswhichhaveroughlythesamemeaningsasthosegivenbelow.Thenumberin thebracketaftereachworddefinitionreferstothenumberofparagraphinwhichthetargetwordis.WritethewordyouchooseontheANSWERSHEET.Aboutthreehundredyearsago,therewereapproximatelyhalfabillionpeopleintheworld.Inthetwocenturiesthatfollowedthepopulationdoubled,and,by1850,thereweremorethanabillionpeopleintheworld.Ittookonly75yearsforthefiguretodoubleoncemore,sothatnowthepopulationfigurestandsatapproximatelysixandonehalfbillion.Eachdaythepopulationoftheworldincreasesbyabout150,000.Informercenturiesthepopulationgrewslowly.Famines,wars,andepidemics,suchastheplagueandcholera,killedmanypeople.Today,althoughthebirthratehasnotchangedsignificantly,thedeathratehasbeenloweredconsiderablybyvariouskindsofprogress.Machineryhasmadeitpossibletoproducemoreandmorefoodinvastareas,suchastheplainsofAmericaandRussia.Cropshaveincreasedalmosteverywhereandpeoplearegrowingmoreandmorefood.Newformsoffoodpreservationhavealsobeendevelopedsothatfoodneednotbeeatenassoonasithasgrown.Meat,fish,fruitandvegetablescanbedried,tinnedorfrozen,thenstoredforlateruse.Improvementincommunicationsandtransportationhasmadeitpossibletosendmorefoodfromtheplacewhereitisproducedtootherplaceswhereitisneeded.Thishashelpedreducedthenumberoffamines.Generallyspeaking,peopleliveinconditionsofgreatersecurity.Practicessuchastheslavetrade,whichcausedmanyuselessdeaths,havebeenstopped.onehundredyears(Para.1)symbolforanumber(Para.1)anextremescarcityoffood(Para2)anoutbreakofacontagiousdiseasethatspreadsrapidlyandwidely(Para.2)importantly(Para.2)much;agreatdeal(Para.2)preparationoffoodtoresistdecay(Para.3)toreserveorputawayforfutureuse(Para.3)ameansorsystemofcarryingpassengersorgoodsfromoneplacetoanother(Para.4)thestateofbeingsafe(Para.5)ReadingComprehension.(50points,2pointsforeach)Inthispartofthetest,therearefivepassages.Followingeachpassage,therearefivequestionswithfourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.ChoosethebestanswerandmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.PassageOneQ.There’salotoftalkaboutputtingupmannedorbitalstations.Whatdoesthismean,concretely?A.Itisveryimportanttohavescientificstationsinspace.Aspacetelescopewithamirrorslightlyoversixandahalffeetindiameterwillbeplacedinorbit,andtherewillbemoreandmoreofthese.Afewyearsago,ourgroupatSaclay,incollaborationwithanumberofotherEuropean Laboratories,orbited a telescope that revolutionizedourknowledgeofgamma-rayemissionsbycelestialobjects.Lifeaboardmannedspacestationswon’tbeasexcitingaswemightsuppose.Itwillprobablybecomparabletothelifepeopleleadaboarddeep-seaoilrigs.Q.Whatscientificinterestwillthesestationsoffer?A.Observationismuchmoreprecisebeyondtheatmosphere,becausethe sky is darker.Yousee manymore starsand objects that concealedbytheluminescence.Q.Whatobjects?A.Weknowprettywellhow