初中英语语法总结及练习

一、重点词组及句型1.oneof+形容词最高级+名词复数2.getthechancetodosth.得到机会去做某事3.beintrouble处于困境中4.cutdown砍到5.leave…on让…开着6.bemadeupof“由…组成”7.makesure“确保”8.showup“出席”9.turninto＋名词“变成…”turn+adj.“变得”10.belongtosb.属于某人11.haveagreattime=enjoyoneself=havefun“玩得开心”12.beabletodo“能够做某事”，（可用于各种时态）13.takepartin=joinin+活动“参加”join+某人/团体/组织“加入”14.turn相关词组：turnon“打开”turnoff“关掉”turndown“调小”turnup“调大”注意：若宾语为代词，则代词放中间。如：turnitup.15.enjoydoingsth.喜欢做某事16.begoodat擅长17.lookafter照顾★★易混词组18.stopsb.fromdoing阻止某人做某事stoptodosth.“停下来去做某事”stopdoingsth.“停下做某事”Classbegins!Pleasestop____________(talk).19.forgettodosth.“忘记去做某事”(没做)forgetdoingsth.“忘记做过某事”（已做）remembertodosth.“记得去做某事”（没做）rememberdoingsth.“记得做过某事”（已做）1)-Hello,Mary.CanyouremembermyfriendTom?-Ofcourse,I__________________________(remember,meet)himonyoulastbirthdayparty.2)Don’tforget______________(bring)yourhomeworkherenexttime.20.try/doone’sbestto尽某人最大努力做某事trytodosth.尽力做某事trydoingsth.尝试做某事-I

usually

go

there

by

train.

-Why

not

_________(try,go)

by

boat

for

a

change?

★★重点句型21.findsb/sth+adj.+todosth.=findit+adj.+todosth.认为做某事是….的我发现这本书读起来很有趣。____________________________________22.It’s+adj.+todosth.做某事是….的这本书读起来很有趣。___________________________________23.Ittakes/tooksb.timetodosth.做某事花费某人多少时间Ittakes___________(he)halfanhour___________________(have)hisbreakfasteveryday.24.not+adj+enough+todosth.=too…to他太小而不能去工作。Heis________young________work.=Heisnot____________________________________________.25.情态动词/助动词+not…until…直到….才….She______________(notgo)tobeduntilshe_____________(finish)herhomeworklastnight.语法1.连词but,and,or,sobut“但是”，and“和”，or“或者”“否则”，so“所以”注意：否定句中表示“和”，用or。1)Wewerecold_________hungry.2)Iheardsomenoiseoutside,___________Iwentoutoftheroomtoseewhy.3)Pleasehurryup,___________youwillbelateforthemeeting.4)Herbrotherlikeschocolateverymuch,________shedoesn’t.2.人称代词、物主代词、反身代词人称代词物主代词反身代词主格宾格形容词性名词性第一人称单数复数第二人称单数复数第三人称单数复数1)---Linda,help______tosomefruit.---Thankyou!A.you B.yours C.yourself D.yourselves2)---Isthiskite______,Tom?---Yes,it’smine.It’smadeby______.A.yours;myself B.mine;myself C.ours;himself3)Thisis______school.Ihavespentthreeyearsstudyinghere.A.me B.my C.mine4)---Lucy’sskirtisblack.Whatabout______?---MineiswhiteA.you B.your C.yours5)Myfatherisalawyer.Mymotherisateacher.______teachesEnglish.Ilovebothof______.A.She,theyB.She,themC.Her,them3.情态动词may,must,can的用法：1）一般用法：情态动词+V原形can“能够”“可以”may“也许”must“必须”注意：★★在回答may引导的疑问句时，肯定回答用Yes,youmay.否定回答用No,youmustn’t.No,youcan’t.或No,youhadbetternot.在表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”时常用mustn’t。---MayIcomein? ---Yes,please.---MayIsmokehere? ---No,youmustn’t.★★在回答must的疑问句时，否定形式常用needn’t或don’thaveto，doesn’thaveto---MustIdoitnow?---Yes,youmust./No,youneedn’t.2）特殊用法：情态动词表示对现在的推测（情态动词+V原）can表示“不可能”，多用在否定或疑问句中；may表示“可能”，常用在肯定句中；must表示“一定是”，常用在肯定句中。如：Hecan’tbeathome.Isawhiminthemarketjustnow.Shemaybeateacher.ThisbookmustbeLucy’s.Look!Hernameisonthecover.注意：★否定的猜测常用can’t，而不是mustn’t“一定不要”单选：1）--MustIcomeagain?--No,you______.A.don’thaveto B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t2）Jackdidn’tpasstheexam,butIbelievehe______passitnexttimeifheworksharder.A.must B.may C.can3）--IsthatMr.Brown?--No,it______Mr.Brown.HewenttoLondonthismorning.A.mustn’tbe B.can’tbe C.maynotbe D.shouldn’tbe4)--____________Idotherestoftheworktomorrow?--Yes,ofcourse.Youdon’thavetofinishittoday.A.Must B.Mustn’t C.May D.Can4.疑问代词：who“谁”whose“谁的”what“什么”which“哪个”__________istalkingtoyou?_________isthisbook?=_______bookisthis?_________areyoudoinghere?_________bookisyours?5.it,one,onesit—同名同物，特指（可数或不可数）one—同类不同件,泛指（单数可数）ones—同类不同件，泛指（复数可数）A---What’sthis?B---___________isacat.A---Whatalovelycatitis!Iwillaskmymumtobuy__________formetoo.6.名词量的表达可数名词不可数名词两者皆可afew（少许）,few（几乎没有）alittle（少许）,little（几乎没有）some,any,enough,alotof=lotsofsomanytoomanysomuchtoomuch1）He

has

____________

(许多)

money,

but

he

has

____________

(几乎没有)

friends.

2）Wouldyoulike____________(一些)tea?3）Don’teat_____________(太多)foodinthemorning.4)Xiangruns_____________(太)fast.Nobodycancatchhim.7.assoonas“一.就…”引导时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则If“如果”，引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则（结果可能发生）If“如果”，引导条件状语从句，主从句都用一般现在时态（结果必然发生）1)Timwillcallmeassoonashe___________(receive)mypackage2)Ifyouneverworkhard,you___________________(fail)theexamsatlast.8.时态：现在进行时:be+V-ing现在完成时:have/has+done1)表示动作已发生或已完成，强调对现在的影响；2)表示动作始于过去，一直持续到现在，常和since,for引导的时间状语连用。since+过去时间点for+一段时间1)It__________(rain)hardernow.It________(rain)quiteofteninsummer.2)I_______(notgo)tothecinemabecauseI________(see)thefilmbefore.3)Theboyishappybecausehe___________(sell)outallthenewspapers.4)I________never________(eat)suchdeliciousnoodlesbefore.5)They_________(be)tothatsmallvillageseveraltimes.9.数词：数字+hundred/thousand/million/billionhundreds/thousands/millions/billionsof+名词复数hundredsof“上百的”thousandsof+复数名词“上千的”millionsof“上百万的”billionsof“数十亿的”1)Therearefive__________(百万)peopleinthecity.2)Look!Whatabeautifulsky!Thereare___________(数十亿)stars.参考答案一、重点词组及句型★★易混词组18.talking191)remembermeeting,tobring20.trygoing★★重点句型21.Ifindthisbookinteresting.Ifinditinterestingtoreadthisbook.22.It’sinterestingtoreadthisbook.23.him,tohave24.too,to;oldenoughtowork25.didn’t,finished二、语法1.1)and2)so3)or4)but2.1）C2）A3）B4）C5）B3.1)A2)C3)B4)C4.Who，Whose，Whose，What，Which5.It,one6.1)much,few2)some3)toomuch4)muchtoo7.1)receives2）willfail8.1)israining,rains2)didn’tgo,haveseen3)hassold4)haveeaten5)havebeen9.1）million2）billionsof一、根据首字母填上适当的单词：1.Therearemanytreesonbothsoftheroad.2.Guangzhouistheccityinthesouth.3.Chinaisacountrywithlonghistoryandmodernc.4.JayZhouwillholdacinGuangzhounextyear.5.YaoMingcanplaybasketballw.6.FoodinGuangzhouisveryd.7.Ourfamilylikegoingtothertohaveamealattheweekend.8.Weshouldprotectourearth.Weneedfair.9.Iwanttolearnaforeignlanguagewell.SoIwillgoa.10.Beforethecompetition,weshouldrourselves.11.It’sn7:30am.Wemusthurrytoschool.12.ManyvcometovisitChinaeveryyear.13.Thereismoreraininthesthaninthenorth.14.Policemenalwayswusnotcrosstheroadwhenthelightsarered.15.Myelderbrotherjthearmytwoyearsago.16.I’mverythirsty.Pleasepmeaglassofwater.17.Theearthisouronlyhome.Weshouldn’tdit.18.Ourteachersareveryfriendly.Welikecwiththemafterclass.19.Myfatheroftentellsmesomestoriesabouthisc.20.Healwayshasmanyrforbeinglateforschool.21.Doyouoftenseeablueskyaourcity.22.Manypeopledestroytheearth,sosomeanimalsandplantsarenowd.23.Timeismoney,sodon’twit,please.24.Heisb,soheneedsadogtoshowhimtheway.25.Ifyouwanttogoout,youmustfindtheeatfirst.26.Shewastired.Shefallaatonce.Soyoucan’tspeakl.27.Thehouseisonfire.Thereismuchscomingoutofit.28.Thebadboylikesfotherclassmates.29.ThebridgecGuangzhoutoFushan.30.Ourteachersalwaysgiveussomeawhenweareintrouble.31.Myfatherisamanager,andmymotherisah.32.Theteachertoldustofinishourhomeworkc.33.Theknifeismadeofm.34.Computerisawonderfuli.35.Therearemanypeopleinthehall.Ithinkitisa200.36.IfwhenIheardthebadnewsyesterday.37.Jackdidn’tgotobeduhismotherwentbackhome.38.Myradioisb.SoImustmendit.39.Youshouldn’twatchTVtoomuch.Youmusthavegoodh.40.ThomasEdisonimanyinventionsinhislife.二、完成下列句子：1.广州因美食而出名。Guangzhoudeliciousfood2.星期天为什么不去游泳？onSunday?他过去常常走路回校，但现在不了。Hetoschool,buthedoesn’tnow.4.小明是我其中一个最好的朋友。XiaoMingisfriendsofmine.5.我们昨天在公园玩得很开心。Weintheparkyesterday.Weintheparkyesterday.我们昨天参加了学校的运动会。Wetheschoolspotsmeetingyesterday.书店里有各种各样的书。Therearebooksinthebookshop.我的外国朋友很喜欢在空余时间打网球。Myforeignerslikeintheirfreetime.9.中国有很多名胜古迹。TherearemanyalloverChina.10..我昨天看见我的朋友在操场打篮球。Imyfriendsontheplaygroundyesterday.独自穿过森林是很危险的。It’sverydangeroustotheforestonyourown.昨天他直到爸爸回到家才开始做作业。Hehishomeworkhisfathercamebackhomeyesterday.小明感觉如此累，以致很快就睡着了。XiaoMingfelthefellasleepverysoon14.学习一种外语对我们的工作有用。Studyingaforeignlanguageourwork.15.当鱼离开了水就处于危险当中。Fishiswhenitleaveswater.16.家长总是关心小孩的学习。ParentsalwaystheirChildren’sstudies.17.那部汽车的声音制造很大的噪音。Thesoundofthecar.18.我们经常游泳来保持健康。Weoftenswimto.19.让我们尽力把我们的国家变得更加美丽。Let’stomakeourcountrymorebeautiful.20.当老师进课室时，我们必须停止谈话。Whentheteachercomesintotheclassroom,wemust.当老师进课室时，我们都停下来读书。Weallbookswhentheteachercameintotheclassroom.那个好心的老人昨天阻止他们砍树。Thekindoldmanthemtreesyesterday.23他昨天生病了，他妈妈照顾他。Hewasillyesterday.Hismotherhim.我昨天听到有一个小女孩唱歌。Ialittlegirlyesterday.他经常在早上6点醒来。Heoftenatsixo’clockinthemorning.这间书店有相当多的书。Therearebooksinthebookshop.27.因为昨天那场大雨，我们没有去买东西。theheavyrain,wedidn’tgoshoppingyesterday.28.那建筑物正在着火，消防员尝试扑灭它。Thebuildingis.Thefiremenaretryingtoit.那瓶子装满了脏水。Thebottledirtywater.30.把水管接到水龙头上，打开水龙头。thehousethetop,andturnonthetap.31.电可以帮助我们令生活更方便。Electricityourliveseasier.32.那只狗很凶，你要小心它。Thedogisverydangerous.Youmustit.33.打开收音机，你就可以听音乐了。Theradio,andyoucanlistentomusic.34.确信完成作业了没有。ifyoufinishyourhomework.35.作为小孩子，不能处理那个问题。Asalittlechild,youcan’ttheproblem.36.那个聪明的学生找出了问题的答案。Thecleverstudenttheanswertothequestion.37.爸爸睡觉了，请关掉收音机。Yourfatherissleeping.Pleasetheradio.38.他们班学生三分之二是女孩子。studentsoftheirclassaregirls.39.她环顾四周，但是没有看到任何人。She___________________,butshesawnoone.40.记得不要在街上乱扔垃圾！______________________throwrubbishinthestreet!42.发生什么事了？他的声音听起来很生气。Whathappenedtohim?Hisvoice___________________.43.当你刷牙的时候，不要让水一直流。Whenyoubrushyouteeth,don’t__________________________.他把水加热后，水都变成了蒸汽。Afterheheatedthewater,allofthewater________________steam.天气很冷，不要脱下你的衣服。It’sverycold.Don’tyourcoat.我们的学校离城市中心距离远。Ourschoolisthecentreofthecity.我一回到家里就把消息告诉了父母。ItoldmyparentsaboutthenewsIgothome.48.吃多一点水果和蔬菜对你的健康有好处。Eatingmorefruitandvegetablesyourhealth.49.他太生气了以至说不出话来。Hewasangrysaynothing.50.去年暑假我去了上海而没去北京。IwenttoShanghaigoingtoBeijinglastsummerholidays.三、语法知识：（一连词and,but,so的用法：(UnitOne)and意为“和”，用来连接语法作用相同的词语或句子。如Hecansingdance.Cometotheplayground,youcanplaybasketballwithus.or表示选择，意为“或”、“还是”。如：Istheradiooffon?收音机关上了还是开着的?Hurryup,youwillbelateforschool.赶快，否则你上学就要迟到了。but意为“但是，却”，是表示转折关系的并列连词。如：Heispoor,heisveryhappy.Shestudiesveryhard,shecan’tgetagoodmark.so意为“结果是，所以”，是表示因果关系的并列连词。如：It’stoolate,wehavetogobackhome.Iwasfeelinghungry,Imademyselfacake.()5.Myfatherlooksforhisbageverywhere,hecan’tfindit.A.orB.butC.andD.so()6.Hurryup,youwillmissthetrain,A.orB.butC.andD.so()7.–Wouldyouliketocometomybirthdaypartytonight?--I’dliketo,I’mtobusy.A.orB.butC.andD.so()8.Itwasrainingheavilyoutside,Ididn’tgoout.A.orB.butC.andD.so9.Whynot+动词原形WhynotShanghaithissummerholiday?(visit)10.具体到某一天用介词“onHewasbornJanuary7,1995.Jackdidn’twanttogooutsidetherainyday.11.taste、smell、look、feel、keep、get、become…+形容词12.keep、finish、practise、enjoy、like、hate…+动词ing(二)say、tell、speak、talk的区别：（UnitTwo）say指说话的内容，常引出直接说的话语。如：PleasesayitinEnglish.Hesaid,“Heisagoodstudent.”speak指说话的能力和方式，其宾语多为语言名词。如：Pleasespeakmoreslowly.ShecanspeakEnglishandFrench.talk指交谈，侧重双方的行为。如：Sheistalkingtoafriend.Theyaretalkingaboutsomething.tell指告诉，讲述，后常接双宾语，也常用于tellsb.todosth.和tellsbtodosth的结构。tellastory如：Shetoldmenotwritealetterinclass.Mymotherlikestellingussomeinterestingstories.小试牛刀：()1.Mygrandfatherisinterestedinstamps.A.collectedB.collectingC.collectD.tocollect()2.Iboughttwosweater.Oneisforyouandisformybrother.A.theotherB.otherC.anotherD.others()3.TheChangjiangRiverisriverinChina.A.longerB.thelongC.thelongestD.longest()4.Ifounddifficulttodriveintherainingday.A.itsB.itC.thatD.is()5.Therearepeopleinthemeetingroom.A.twothousandsB.twothousandsofC.thousandofD.thousandsof()6.Wewon’tgototheGreatWallifittomorrow.A.snowsB.issnowingC.willsnowD.snowed()7.Look!Theboyintheriver.A.swimsB.isswimmingC.isswimmingD.swam(三)人称代词（UnitThree）我我们你你们他她它他们人称代词主格I宾格me物主代词形容词性my名词性mine反身代词：我（们）你（们）他、她、它（们）单数myself复数ourselves1.Takecareof.好好照顾自己。（作宾语）2.Thatpoorboywas.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。（表语）3.You’llhavetodoit.你得自己去干。（主语同位语）4.Pleasehelptosometea.请随便喝茶。5.Theyallenjoyedattheparty.他们在聚会上玩得很开心。6.Theteachertoldtheboytobehave.老师叫那男孩规矩点。（四）情态动词的用法：（UnitFour）can的意思是“能、会”，表示能力，相当去beableto。当can解释为“可以”，表示许可时，相当于may。它的否定形式是cannot或can’t,而can’tbe指不可能，表示否定的判断。Could比can语气跟婉转、客气，但它表示语气时并不代表过去时。如：1.我能说两种语言，但我不会说日语。Ispeaktwolanguages,butIspeakJapanese.2.Lucy是一个好学生，她不可能迟到的。Lucyisagoodstudent.Shelateforschool.你能把你得钢笔递给我吗？Youpassmeyourpen?may的意思是可以、可能、或许，表示请求允许，它的否定形式是maynot,意思为可以不,但否定回答只能用can’t或mustn’t（语气比较强烈）。maybe指可能，放在句子中间作谓语，而maybe虽然也是可能的意思，但却是副词，一般放在句子开头。如：1、你可以坐下了。Yousitdown.2、他可能在房间里。Heintheroom.=heisintheroom.3、我可以用你的书吗？不好意思不行！Iuseyourbook?Sorry,you.4、现在可以玩游戏吗？当然不行啦？Iplaycomputergamesnow?No,you. must的意思是必须，表示肯定的猜测，它的否定形式是mustnot或mustn’t,意思是不可以。mustbe是表示非常肯定的判断，意思是准是、一定是。must和haveto意思接近，但must表示说话人的主观看法，haveto表示外界客观愿望，即不得不。must一般用来表示禁令，must的否定回答只能用needn’t.如：1、你不可以在这里吸烟。Yousmokehere.2、我今天必须完成作业吗？不需要Ifinishmyhomeworktoday?No,you.3、李先生一定在办公室，我刚在那见到他。MrLiintheoffice.Isawhimtherejustnow.4、她母亲病了，她不得不在家照顾母亲。Hermotherisill.Shestayathometotakecareofher.（五）可数名词和不可数名词的用法：修饰可数名词修饰不可数名词many______________________little/alittle___________toomuchtoofew__________howmany__________alotof/lotsof,some,any,no,enough…注意1.some用于_________any用于_______和___________2.toomuch的意思是________后面接名词。muchtoo的意思是________后面接形容词或副词3.常见的不可数名词有：food,bread,rice,meat,sugar/water,milk,juice,coke,oil,/time,money,work,news,information,advice,paper,newpaper(六)现在完成时的用法：1.现在完成时通常表示说话前某个时候发生的动作，动作已结束，但是对现在造成了影响.。（Thepresentperfecttense）结构：have/has+动词过去分词，否定：have/hasnot+动词过去分词特点：现在完成时不能与具体的时间状语连用，但常与already、yet、ever、never、since、for这些不确定的时间状语连用。2.already,yetalready意思是“已经”，常用语完成时的肯定句中；yet意思是“仍、至今”，常用于完成时的否定句和疑问句。Hehasfinishedhishomework.Hashefinishedhishomework?3.ever,neverever意思是“曾经”，常用语完成时的疑问句。never意思是“从未，从来没有”，表示否定的意思。JackhasbeentoBeijing.HelikestheGreatWallbest.JackhasbeentoBeijing.Sohewantstogothissummerholiday.4.since,for（现在完成时最常考的时间状语。）since意思是“自从，自……以来”，后接一个具体的时间点。for意思是“一段时间”，后面接一段时间，不能与时间点连用。IhavestayedinShanghaiafewweeks.Shehasbeenateacher1995.四、综合训练()1.TherearemanyplacestovisitinBeijing.Areyouinthem?A.interesting;interestingB.interested;interestedC.interesting;interestedD.interested;interesting()2.Howabouttwodaysintheforest?A.spendingB.spentC.tospendD.spend()3.Thelibrarydidn’topenJune16,2001.A.afterB.untilC.whenD.if()4.IsawmanyworkersattherailwaystationwhenIpassedthere.A.workB.workedC.workingD.works()5.You’dbetternotoutsideonarainyday.A.goingB.goesC.togoD.go()6.---Who’sthatmanoverthere?---Oh,heisafriendof.A.mineB.myselfC.meD.I()7.Themusicsounds.A.wonderfullyB.wonderfulC.wellD.beautifully()8.Don’tmovethatboxoverthere,it’s.A.herB.sheC.hersD.herself()9.JackandKate,helptosomefish.A.youB.yourC.yourselvesD.yourself()10.Hekeptforanhouryesterday.A.workingB.workC.toworkD.works()11.Wemusthurry.Thereistimeleft.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few()12.Icouldn’tpasstheexam.BecauseImademistakes.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few()13.IfinddifficultEnglish.A.it,learningB.it,tolearnC.them,learningD.them,tolearn()14.Hewasinahurry.Hewentoutsayinggoodbye.A.withoutB.withC.ofD.to()15.Jackhasn’tbeentoChina.A.neverB.everC.alreadyD.yet()16.Guangzhouishissecondhometown.HehaslivedinGuangzhou1995.A.forB.sinceC.atD.during()17.TheforeignerhasShanghaifortwoyears.A.beentoB.beeninC.gonetoD.gonein()18.Imuchtimeinfinishingthejobyesterday.A.spentB.tookC.usedD.cost()19.Becareful!It’sverydangeroustogotheforestonyourown.A.crossB.acrossC.throughD.pass()20.Idon’twantthisbook.Canyoushowmeone.A.otherB.theotherC.othersD.another()21.---IsawMeihuadancinginthepartylastnight.---Howcanthatbe?ShehasgonetoJapan.Ither.A.canbeB.can’tbeC.mustbeD.mustn’tbe()22.---bagisthis?---It’s.A.Who’s;JohnB.Who’s;John’sC.Whose;John’sD.Whose;John()23.Yourdressisverybeautiful.CanIhavealook