北京大学外国语学院专业能力历年考研真题及详解

习网有全套资料目录2004661200766120126642004661一、TranslatethepassageintoChinese.（50）HETHAThathwifeandchildrenhathgivenhostagestofortune;fortheyareimpedimentstogreatenterprises,eitherofvirtueormischief.Certainlythebestworks,andofgreatestmeritforthepublic,haveproceededfromtheunmarriedchildlessmen;whichbothinaffectionandmeans,havemarriedandendowedthepublic.Yetitweregreatreasonthatthosethathavechildren,shouldhavegreatestoffuturetimes;untowhichtheyknowtheymusttransmittheirdearestpledges.Somethereare,whothoughtheyleadasinglelife,yettheirthoughtsdoendthemselves,andaccountfuturetimesimpertinences.Nay,therearesomeother,thataccountwifeandchildren,butasbillsofcharges.Naymore,therearesomefoolishrichcovetousmen,thattakeapride,inhavingnochildren,becausetheymaybethoughtsomuchthericher.Forperhapstheyhaveheardsometalk,Suchanoneagreatrichman,andanotherexcepttoit,Yea,buthehathagreatchargeofchildren;asifitwereanabatementtohisriches.Butthemostordinarycauseofasinglelife,isliberty,especiallyincertainself-pleasingandhumorousminds,whicharesosensibleofeveryrestraint,astheywillgoneartothinktheirgirdlesandgarters,tobebondsandshackles.Unmarriedmenarebestfriends,bestmasters,bestservants;butnotalwaysbestsubjects;fortheyarelighttorunaway;andalmostallfugitives,areofthatcondition.Asinglelifedothwellwithchurchmen;forcharitywillhardlywatertheground,whereitmustfirstfillapool.Itisindifferentforjudgesandmagistrates;foriftheybefacileandcorrupt,youshallhaveaservant,fivetimesworsethanawife.Forsoldiers,Ifindthegeneralscommonlyintheirhortatives,putmeninmindoftheirwivesandchildren;andIthinkthedespisingofmarriageamongsttheTurks,makingthevulgarsoldiermorebase.Certainlywifeandchildrenareakindofdisciplineofhumanity;andsinglethoughtheymaybemanytimesmorecharitable,becausetheirmeansarelessexhaust,yet,ontheotherside,theyaremorecruelandhardhearted(goodtomakesevereinquisitors),becausetheirtendernessisnotsooftcalledupon.Gravenatures,ledbycustom,andthereforeconstant,arecommonlylovinghusbands,aswassaidofUlysses,vetulamsuampraetulitimmortalitati.Chastewomenareoftenproudandfroward,aspresuminguponthemeritoftheirchastity.Itisoneofthebestbonds,bothofchastityandobedience,inthewife,ifshethinkherhusbandwise;whichshewillneverdo,ifshefindhimjealous.Wivesareyoungmen'smistresses;companionsformiddleage;andoldmen'snurses.Soasamanmayhaveaquarreltomarry,whenhewill.Butyethewasreputedoneofthewisemen,thatmadeanswertothequestion,amanshouldmarry.—Ayoungmannotyet,aneldermannotatall.Itisoftenseenthatbadhusbands,haveverygoodwives;whetheritbe,thatitraiseththepriceoftheirhusband'skindness,whenitcomes;orthatthewivestakeaprideintheirpatience.Butthisneverfails,ifthebadhusbandswereoftheirownchoosing,againsttheirfriendsconsent;forthentheywillbesuretomakegoodtheirownfolly.【参考译文】以差不多一切流窜犯都是无家者。那样，他曾抵制美丽女神的诱惑，而保持了对妻子的忠贞。结婚都是有理由的。但也有一位古代哲人，对于人应当在何时结婚这个问题是这样说的愿选择，甚至是不顾亲友的劝告而选择的，那么就让她自己去品尝这枚果实的滋味吧。二、TranslatethepassageintoEnglish.（50分）节之臣也，愿陛下亲之、信之，则汉室之隆，可计日而待也。【参考译文一】TheFirstRulerhadaccomplishedbuthalfhisgreattaskathisdeath.Atthismomenttheempireisinthreeparts,andourcountryisweak;itisamostcriticalmomentforus.Still,ministersarenotremissinthecapital,andloyalanddevotedsoldierssacrificetheirlivesabroad,fortheystillrememberthespecialkindnessofFirstRulerandwishtoshowtheirgratitudetohimbyservicetoYourMajesty.Thereforeitwouldbeindeedfittingthatyoushouldextendyourholyvirtueglorifyhisvirtuousmemoryinthestimulationofthewillofyourpurposefulofficers.YourMajestyshouldnotloseyourselfinthepursuitofmeanthings,quotingphrasestoconfoundtheeternalprinciplesofrectitude,andsopreventingremonstrancefromhonestpeople.OneruleappliestothepalaceoftheEmperorandtheresidenceofacourtier;theremustbeonelawrewardingthegoodandpunishingtheevil.Evil-doersandlaw-breakers,asalsotrueandgoodpeople,shouldbedealtwithaccordingtotheirdesertsbytheofficersconcernedinordertomanifestYourMajesty'simpartialandenlightenedadministration.Partialityiswrong,asisonelawforthecourtandanotherfortheregions.TheHighMinistersFeiYi,GuoYouzhi,andDongYunarehonestmen,devotedlyanxioustobeloyaltothelastdegree;whereforeHisLateMajestychosetheminhistestament.MyadviceistoconsulttheminallPalacematters,greatorsmall,beforetakingaction.YourMajestywillreaptheenormousadvantageofhavinganyfailingscorrected.GeneralXiangChongisamanofwell-balancedtemperament,versedinmilitarymatters,towhom,aftertestinghim,thelateEmperorappliedtheepithet'capable'.TheconsensusofopinionisthatXiangChongshouldbeGrandCommander.Myadviceistoconsulthiminallmilitarymatters,greatorsmall,wherebyyourmilitaryforceswillyieldtheirmaximum,eachonebeingemployedtothebestadvantage.Attractworthypeople;repelmeanones.ThispolicyachievedthegloryoftheFormerHans,whileitsreversalruinedtheLatterHans.WhenthelateEmperorwaswithus,heoftendiscussedthiswithyourservant,andhetookmuchtoheartthestoryofEmperorsHuanandLing.TheChairoftheSecretariatChenZhen,CommanderZhangSi,andMinisterJiangWanarebothincorruptibleandenlightenedpeople,honesttothedeath.IwishthatYourMajestyshouldhavethemnearandholdtheminconfidence.Ifthisbedone,thentheoftheHouseofHanwillbequicklyconsummated.Iwasoriginallyaprivateperson,afarmerinNanyang,concernedonlytosecurepersonalsafetyinatroubledageandnotseekingconversationwiththecontendingnobles.HisLateMajesty,theFirstRuler,overlookingthecommonnessofmyorigin,condescendedtoseekmethriceinmyhumblecotandconsultmeonthetrendofevents.Hismagnan