2022届高考高三英语真题阅读词汇精讲No.17 2018年全国一卷C篇阅读

No.172018年全国一卷C篇阅读Step1.做题前背单词扫盲populate[ˈpɒpjuleɪt]v.居住于;生活于;构成…的人口;迁移;移居;殖民于;(给文件)增添数据，输入数据hunt[hʌnt]vt.寻找；狩猎，猎取hunter[ˈhʌntə]n.猎人gatherer[ˈɡæðərə(r)]n.收集者;采集者pattern[ˈpæt(ə)n]n.式样independence[ɪndɪˈpendəns]n.独立independent[ɪndɪˈpendənt]a.独立的,有主见的depend

[dɪˈpend]vi.依靠,依赖,指望；取决于expert[ˈekspɜːt]n.专家,能手afterward(s)[ˈɑːftəwəd(z)]ad.后来settle

[ˈsetl]vi.安家，定居settlement

[ˈsetəlmənt]n.新拓居地；（美）部落，村落；解决；协议settler

[ˈsetlə]n.移居者，开拓者farm

[fɑːm]n.农场；农庄farmer

[ˈfɑːmə]n.农民trade[treɪd]n.贸易vt.用…进行交换industry[ˈɪndəstrɪ]n.工业，产业spread

[spred]v.延伸；展开universal[juːnɪˈvɜːs(ə)l]a.普遍的，全体的universe[ˈjuːnɪvɜːs]n.宇宙compulsory

[kəmˈpʌlsərɪ]a.强制的,必须做的globalisation[ˌgləʊbəlaɪ'zeɪʃn]n.全球化globe[ɡləʊb]n.地球仪,地球global[ˈɡləʊbl]adj.全球的;全世界的;整体的;全面的;总括的globallyadv.globalize[ˈɡləʊbəlaɪz]v.(使)全球化，全世界化decade

[ˈdekeɪd]n.十年期dominant[ˈdɒmɪnənt]adj.首要的;占支配地位的;占优势的;显著的;(基因)显性的，优势的n.[生]显性性状;显性基因;优势物种;[乐]全阶第五音;主因;要素huge[hjuːdʒ]a.巨大的，庞大的uneven[ʌnˈiːvn]adj.凹凸不平的;不平坦的;无定型的;不规则的;无规律的;质量不稳定的rule[ruːl]n.规则,规定vt.统治,支配ruler[ˈruːlə]n.统治者；直尺zone[zuː]n.区域；范围hot[hɒt]a.热的hotdog[hɒtdɒɡ]n.热狗(红肠面包)Europe*[ˈjʊərəp]n.欧洲European[jʊərəˈpiːən]a.欧洲的,欧洲人的Africa[ˈæfrɪkə]*n.非洲African

[ˈæfrɪkən]a.非洲的,非洲人的，非洲人Asia

[ˈeɪʃə]*n.亚洲Asian

[ˈeɪʃ(ə)n,ˈeɪʒ(ə)n]a.亚洲(人)的n.亚洲人almost

[ˈɔːlməʊst]ad.几乎,差不多account

[əˈkaʊnt]n.账目;描述accountant

[əˈkaʊntənt]n.会计,会计师well[wel](better,best)ad.好,令人满意地,完全地a.好的,健康的int.表示惊讶同意或犹豫等,亦用于接话语;好吧,哎呀;n.井speaker[ˈspiːkə]n.演讲人，演说家total[ˈtəʊt(ə)l]a.总数的;总括的;完全的,全然的n.合计,总计v.合计为totally['təʊtəlɪ]ad.总合地，完全地elderly[ˈeldəli]adj.年纪较大的，上了年纪的(婉辞，与old同义);老人;上了年纪的人random[ˈrændəm]a.随意的,胡乱的，未经事先考虑的mark[mɑːk]n.标记vt.标明,作记号于advanced[ədˈvɑːnst]adj.先进的;高级的;高等的;(发展)晚期的，后期的v.(为了进攻、威胁等)前进，行进;(知识、技术等)发展，进步;促进;推动lifestyle[ˈlaɪfstaɪl]n.生活方式;工作方式result

[rɪˈzʌlt]n.结果，效果v.(因…)发生;(随…)产生geography

[dʒɪˈɒɡrəfɪ]n.地理学determination

[dɪtɜːmɪˈneɪʃ(ə)n]n.决心determine

[dɪˈtɜːmɪn]vt.决定；决心evolution[iːvəˈluːʃ(ə)n]n.进化,演变revolution

[revəˈluːʃ(ə)n]n.革命，变革Step2.背过单词后做题CLanguageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehasbeenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,small,tightlyknit(联系)groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeachother.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfivetotenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheirlanguagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcentres,trade,industrialization.thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversalcompulsoryeducation.Especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfewdecades,allhavecausedmanyLanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish．SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.Atpresent,theworldhasabout6800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugelyuneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages.Oftenspokenbymanypeoplewhilehot.wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonlyaround200Languages:theAmericasabout1,000.Africa2400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber(中位数)ofspeakersisamere6.000,whichmeansthathalftheworldslanguagesarespokenbyfewerpeoplethanthat.Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof,6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡),withonlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremainingspeakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150).LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)orWadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceofsurvival.28.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?A.Theydevelopedveryfast.B.Theywerelargeinnumber.C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.D.Theywerecloselyconnected29.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dominant"underlinedinparagraph2？A.Complex.B.Advanced.C.Powerful.D.Modern.30.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?A.About6800B.About3400C.About2.400D.About1-20031.Whatistheminideaofthetext?A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.B.PeopleslifestylesarereflectedinlanguagesC.HumandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguagesD.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.答案BCBCStep3.对全文进行书面翻译