研究生入学英语写作专项练习题-试卷

《大学英语写作》试卷注意事项：1.考前请将密封线内的各项内容填写清楚；.所有答案请直接答在答题纸匕.考试形式：闭卷；.本试卷共3大题，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。总分阅卷人I.Choosetheterse,correctsentence(简洁、准确)fromthefollowingpairsofsentences.(10X1=10points)1.(Intheyear1840theOpiumwarbrokeout.1840sawtheoutbreakoftheOpiumwar.2.(Therearemorebooksintheirlibrarythaninourlibrary.Therearemorebooksintheirlibrarythaninours.3.(Hereturnedbackhomeafterhegraduatedfromcollege.Hereturnedbackhomeasacollegegraduate.4.(Thecauseofthefloodwasduetotheheavyraininthelatespring.Thefloodwasduetotheheavyraininthelatespring.5.(Hewasaskedtorepeatthesentence.Hewasaskedtorepeatthesentenceagain.6.(Hedidnottellthetruth.Hedidnottellthetruthwithanhonestattitude.7.(Thesewatermelonsarelargeandsweet.Thesewatermelonsarelargeinsizeandsweetintaste.8.(.Heplayedbadmintonaswellashisbrother..Heplayedbadmintonequallyaswellashisbrother..( )Hewasagoodsingeraswellasapianist.Hewasnotonlyapianistbutalsoagoodsinger.10.( )Zhaowasthepersonwhowaselectedtherepresentativeoftheclassbythewholeclass.Zhaowaselectedtherepresentativeoftheclassunanimously.ILReadingthefollowingexpositoryessayandanswerthequestionssetonthem.(40%)Whereverapractical,utilitarianneedfornewbuildingsarisesthisneedshouldtakeprecedenceoverourconflictinginterestinpreservinghistoricbuildingsasarecordofourpast.However,whichinterestshouldtakeprecedenceshouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis—andshouldaccountnotonlyforpracticalandhistoricconsiderationsbutalsoaestheticones.2Firstly,indeterminingwhethertorazeanolderbuilding,plannersshouldofcourseconsiderthecommunity'scuirentandanticipatedutilitarianneeds.Forexample,ifanadditionalhospitalisneededtoadequatelyservethehealth-careneedsofafast-growingcommunity,thiscompellinginterestmightverywelloutweighanyinterestinpreservingahistoricbuildingthatsitsontheproposedsite.Orifadditionalparkingisneededtoensuretheeconomicsurvivalofacity'sdowntowndistrict,thisinterestmighttakeprecedenceoverthehistoricvalueofanoldstructurethatstandsinthewayofaparkingstructure.Ontheotherhand,iftheneedismainlyformoreofficespace,insomecasesanarchitecturallyappropriateadd-onorannextoanolderbuildingmightservejustaswellasrazingtheoldbuildingtomakewayforanewone.Ofcourse,anexpensiveretrofitmightnotbeworthwhileifnoamountofretrofittingwouldmeettheneed.Then,Competingwithacommunity'sutilitarianneedsisaninterestofpreservingthehistoricalrecord.Again,theweightofthisinterestshouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis.Perhapsanolderbuildinguniquelyrepresentsabygoneera,oronceplayedacentralroleinthecity'shistoryasamunicipalstructure.Orperhapsthebuildingonceservedasthehomeofafoundingfamilyorothersignificanthistoricalfigure,orasthelocationofanimportanthistoricalevent.Anyofthesescenariosmightjustifysavingthebuildingattheexpenseofthepracticalneedsofthecommunity.Ontheotherhand,ifseveralolderbuildingsrepresentthesamehistoricalerajustaseffectively,orifthebuilding'shistoryisanunremarkableone,thenthehistoricvalueofthebuildingmightpale_incomparisontothevalueofanewstructurethatmeetsacompellingpracticalneed.Alsocompetingwithacommunity'sutilitarianneedsistheaestheticandarchitecturalvalueofthebuildingitself--apartfromhistoricaleventswithwhichitmightbeassociated.Abuildingmightbeoneofonlyafewthatrepresentsacertainarchitecturalstyle.Oritmightbeespeciallybeautiful,perhapsasaresultofthecraftsmanshipandmaterialsemployedinitsconstruction—whichmightbecost-prohibitivetoreplicatetoday.Evenretrofittingthebuildingtoaccommodatecurrentneedsmightundermineitsaestheticaswellashistoricvalue,byalteringitsappearanceandarchitecturalintegrity.Ofcourseitisdifficulttoquantifyaestheticvalueandweighitagainstutilitarianconsiderations.Yetplannersshouldstrivetoaccountforaestheticvaluenonetheless.3Insum,whethertorazeanolderbuildinginordertoconstructanewoneshouldneverbedeterminedindiscriminately.Instead,plannersshouldmakesuchdecisionsonacase-by-casebasis,weighingthecommunity'spracticalneedsagainstthebuilding'shistoricandaestheticvalue.Questionone:whatisthecentralideaofthisessay?(5points)Questiontwo:whyshouldaplanerreasonablybalancetheinterestsofpreservingthehistoricbuildingsandthecommunity'sutilitarianinterestsinparagraph?(1Opoints)Questionthree:whatsolutiondoestheauthorcomeupwithforthispuzzlingproblem?(5points)1Somepeopleassertsthatratherthanmerelyhighlightingcertainsensationaleventsthemediashouldprovidecompletecoverageofmoreimportantevents.Whilethespeaker'sassertionhasmeritfromanormativestandpoint,inthefinalanalysisIfindthisassertionindefensible.2Uponfirstimpressionthesepeople'sclaimseemsquitecompelling,fortworeasons.First,withoutthebenefitofacomplete,unfiltered,andbalancedaccountofcurrentevents,itisimpossibletodevelopaninformedandintelligentopinionaboutimportantsocialandpoliticalissuesand,inturn,tocontributemeaningfullytoourdemocraticsociety,whichreliesonbroadparticipationinanongoingdebateaboutsuchissuestosteerapropercourse.Theendresultofourbeingalargelyuninformedpeopleisthatwerelegatethemostimportantdecisionstoahandfuloflegislators,jurists,andexecutiveswhomayormaynotknowwhatisbestforus.Second,byfocusingonthe"sensational"一bywhichItakethespeakertomeancomparativelyshocking,entertaining,andtitillatingeventswhicheasilycatchone'sattention—themediaappealtoouremotionsandbaserinstincts,ratherthantoourintellectandreason.Thistrenddearlyservestoundermineasociety'scollectivesensibilitiesandrendersasociety'smembersmorevulnerabletodemagoguery;thusweshouldallabhorandresistthetrend.3However,forseveralreasonsIfindthemedia'scurrenttrendtowardhighlightsandthesensationaltobejustifiable.First,theworldisbecominganincreasinglyeventfulplace;thuswitheachpassingyearitbecomesamoreoneroustaskforthemediatoattemptfullnewscoverage.Second,wearebecominganincreasinglybusysociety.TheaverageU.S.workerspendsnearly60hoursperweekatworknow;andinmostfamiliesbothspouseswork.Comparethisstartlinglybusypacetothepaceagenerationago,whenonebread-winnerworkedjustover40hoursperweek.Wehavefarlesstimetodayfornews,sohighlightsmustsuffice.Third,themediadoesinfactprovidefullcoverageofimportantevents;anyonecanfindsuchcoveragebeyondtheirnewspaper'sfrontpage,ondailyPBSnewsprograms,andontheInternet.41wouldwholeheartedlyagreewiththespeakerifthesensationalhighlightswereallthemediawerewillingorpermittedtoprovide;thisscenariowouldbetantamounttothoughtcontrolonamassscaleandwouldservetoundermineourfreesociety.However,Iamawareofnoevidenceofanytrendinthisdirection.Tothecontrary,inmyobservationthemediaareinformingusmorefullythaneverbefore;wejustneedtoseekoutthatinformation.Onbalance,then,thespeaker'sclaimisnotdefensible.Inthefinalanalysis9themediaservesitsproperfunctionbymerelyprovidingwhatweinafreesocietydemand.Thus,anyargumentabouthowthemediashouldorshouldnotbehave-regardlessofitsmeritsfromanormativestandpoint-begsthequestion.Questionone:inparagraph1theauthorfirstgiveanideaaboutthemedia'swayofreportingrealityinitsentiretyandshyingoffhighlightcertainsensationalevent.Andwhatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthisidea?(5points)Questiontwo:inparagraph3theauthorhasthatitisjustifiableforthemediaistohighlightthesensationalevents.Explainhowtheauthorprovesthisinthreeaspects?(10points)Questionthree:whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardthemedia'swayofreportingproperly?(5points)III.Writeacompositionaccordingtothegivenrequirements.Manyyoungadultswerenotandarenotawareoftheimportanceofexpressinggratitudetothosewhooncehelpedthem,fromteacherstoparentsandsoforth.Writeanessayofatleast250wordsontheimportanceofsenseofgratitude» usingexamplespositiveornegative(正反面例子)aswellasnecessarycohesivedevices(衔接方式)andidiomaticsyntaxanddiction(地道的英语句式与词汇).(50points)《英语写作I》试卷答案及评分标准I：10分1-5：BBBBA；6-10：BBBBA每道句式题目1分共计10分II40分Answers:Questionone:Whichinterestshouldtakeprecedenceshouldbedeterminedonacase-by-casebasis-andshouldaccountnotonlyforpracticalandhistoricconsiderationsbutalsoaestheticones.5分Questiontwo:Firstly,indeterminingwhethertorazeanolderbuilding,plannersshouldofcourseconsiderthecommunity'scurrentandanticipatedutilitarianneeds.4分Then,competingwithacommunity'sutilitarianneedsisaninterestofpreservingthehistoricalrecord.3分Alsocompetingwithacommunity'sutilitarianneedsistheaestheticandarchitecturalvalueofthebuildingitself-apartfromhistoricaleventswithwhichitmightbeassociated.3分Questionthree:Plannersshouldmakesuchdecisionsonacase-by-casebasis,weighingthecommunity'spracticalneedsagainstthebuilding'shistoricandaestheticvalue.5分Questionone:Whilethespeaker'sassertionhasmeritfromanormativestandpoint,inthefinalanalysisIfindthisassertionindefensible.5分Questiontwo:First,theworldisbecominganincreasinglyeventfulplace;thuswitheachpassingyearitbecomesamoreoneroustaskforthemediatoattemptfullnewscoverage.4分Second,wearebecominganincreasinglybusysociety.3分Third,themediadoesinfactprovidefullcoverageofimportantevents.3分共10分,Questionthree:Inthefinalanalysis,themediaservesitsproperfunctionbymerelyprovidingwhatweinafreesocietydemand.Thus,anyargumentabouthowthemediashouldorshouldnotbehave-regardlessofitsmeritsfromanormativestandpoint—begsthequestion.5分III.50分OnCultivatingtheSenseofGratitudelOncollegecampusesacrossthenation,thereisanoticeablephenomenonthatwecannotaffordtoignore:fartoomanyyoungcollegestudentslackthesenseofgratitude,oneofthecountlesstraditionalvirtuesofthisancientlandwithasplendidcivilizationspanningover5,000years.Theseyoungadultswerenotandarenotawareofthehugeimportanceofexpressinggratitudetothosewhooncehelpedthem,fromteacherstoparentsandsoforth.10分2Personally,Ideemthattherootcauseofstudentswithoutagracefulheartisthattheyreceiveaneducationnotvaluingthemoralsphere.Istronglybelievethatjointeffortsfromfolksacrosssocietyarethefinalremedyforthissocialheadache.Asyounguniversitystudentsofthenewera,weshouldmakeourowncontributionstothiscause.Imagineaworldwithoutthesenseofgratitude.Thiskindofworldisdoomedtofailure.Simplyput,weshouldjoinourhandstoheightenourawarenessoffosteringagracefulheart.Onlyinthiswaycanwebuildoursocietyintoaharmoniousone.Myfellowstudents,Ibegyoutoactfromnowon.15分3Atpresent,awidevarietyofcreditcardsissuedbymajorbanksandshoppingmallsarethrivingincollegesanduniversitiesacrossthenation,withamultitudeofcol