名词性从句学案 高中英语高三一轮语法复习

高中英语高三一轮语法复习学案：名词性从句一、名词性从句的基本概念在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句，包括作主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。判断名词性从句引导词遵循原则:看从句缺不缺,缺什么。不缺成分用that或whether,that无意义，whether表示是否。(1)主语从句:在复合句中作主语的从句常用that,whether,who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,how,why,whatever,whoever等引导。1.that从句作主语时，常用it作形式主语,常见的向型有:It+be+形容词(obvious,true,natural,surprising,wonderful,likely,certain,...+that从句It+be+名词词组(nowonder,anhonor,agoodthing,apity,nosurprise,etc.)+that从句It+be+过去分词(said,thought,expected,decided,announced,arranged,etc.)+that从句Itisoftenthecasethatanythingispossibleforthosewhohangontohope.ItisknowntoallthatChinaisadevelopingcountry.Itsuddenlyoccurredtomethattodaywasmywife'sbirthday.Thathedidn'tpassthedrivingtestmadehimdisappointed.由连接代词what,whatever,whoever等引导的主语从句一般不能用形式主语。Whathefoundsurprisedmegreatly.他的发现使我非常吃惊。Whoeverisfinishedmayrest凡是做完工的人都可以休息。(2)表语从句:表语从句位于系动词之后，说明主语身份,特征，属性或状态。系动词表示状态的有:be,seem,appear等。感官系动词:look,soundfeel,taste,smell等。表示状态变化的:become,get.grow,fall,turn等。连接表语从句与主句的关系词主要有三类:从属连词:that(无词义),whether/if(是否)关系代词:who(谁,主格),whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格),what(什么).which(哪个,哪些);关系副词:when(什么时候)where(什么地方)why(为什么),how(怎样)[注意]1.表语从句要用陈述语序;2.区别that和what在引导的表语从句:that无意义，不充当句子成分，但不能省;what表示....的(人或事)”,在表语从句中充当主语或宾语。①Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning.3.主语为advice,order,idea,notion,proposal,suggestion,request等一些表示“建议，命令,请求”的名词后的表语从句中,谓语动词用虚拟语气。should+动词原形表示，should可省略。②Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.表语从句重点句式1.that'swhy+结果;that'sbecause+原因。2.thereasonwhy/for...isthat...(3)宾语从句:复合句中,一个句子作动词或介词的宾语成分(位于及物动词后)叫宾语从句。主要分为介宾和动宾。宾语从句需注意三要素:1语序2时态3连接词引导宾语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词基本相同:That/who/whomwhose/whenwhy/where/which等注意:1.由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略)。但and并列两个宾语从句，第二个that不能省。e.gIheard(that)hejoinedthearmyandthathismotherwasverysad.2作形容词的宾语。往往这些形容词anxious,aware,certain,confident,convinced,determined,glad,proud,surprised,worried,sorry,thankful,ashamed,disappointed,annoyed,pleased,hurt,satisfied,content等3it可以作为形式宾语Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.Don'ttakeitforgrantedthateveryoneshouldadoreyou.Themasterthoughtitpossiblethatallthestudentscouldrememberfivehundredwordsinaday.4后边不能直接跟that从句的动词allow,refuse,let,like,cause,force,admire,condemn,celebrate,dislike,love,help,take,forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语,但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如:正确表达:Iadmiretheirwinningthematch.错误表达:Iadmirethattheywonthematch.5.宾语从句跟着的动词是表坚持，命令,建议，请求的，从句用虚拟语气。e.gHeinsistedthatheshouldbesenttohospital.(4)同位语从句:就是在句中作同位语的从句。对前面的名词起补充说明的作用，that在从句中不担当任何成分，不能省略。它通常有放在thought,idea,news,word(=news),plan,doubt,question,fact,suggestion,belief等抽象名词的后面,说明这些词的具体内容或含义。同位语从句大多由that引导，也可由whether,how,when,where,why等引导,但不能由which引导。连词that引导同位语从句时，应在某些抽象名词之后1.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.(表命令,建议，请求的用虚拟)2.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidencethatsmokingcanleadtomanydiseases.3.Newscamethatourschoolhadwonthecompetition.填空练习单句语法填空1.Itrulybelieve_____beautycomesfromwithin.2.Readingherbiography,Iwaslostinadmirationfor____DorisLessinghadachievedinliterature.3.NewplansforthecollegeentranceexaminationinZhejiangare____studentshavetobetestedonChinese,math,Englishandanotherthreesubjectsastheyprefer.4.Thereisastrongpossibility____manwillmainlydependonsolarenergyinthefuture.5.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeis______happenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.б.____thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.7.______mathematicsisoneofthemostusefulsectionsinhumanknowledgeiswidelyaccepted.8.Thebrideandgroomgave______attendedtheirweddingsomegiftstosharetheirhappiness.9.Icouldn'timagine______difficultitwasforthesebadlyinjuredvictimstomakeittothehospital.10.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,That's_____Iwasborn.11.Hissuccesswasbecauseofthefact_____hehadbeenworkinghard.12.ThereasonwhyIdidn'tgotoShanghaiwas_____Igotanewjob.13.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.14.______surprisedmemostwas_____suchalittleboyofsevencouldplaytheviolinsowell.15.Ihavenoidea_____ornothehasfinishedthework.16.It'suncertain______theexperimentisworthdoing.17.Alwaysrememberitisnoneofyourbusiness_____otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Justbelieveinyourself.18.Atthattime,Ijustwondered_____mymotherwassodelighted.19.Perseveranceisakindofqualityandthat's______ittakestodoanythingwell.20._______reallymattersinsportsisnotthewinning,butthetakingpart.Keys:1.that2.what3.that4.that5.what6.When7.That8.whoever9how10.where11.that12.that13.whatever14.what,that15.whether16.whether17.what18.why19what20.what语法填空Ilikereadingverymuch.Myclassmates'questionis_1._Ibegantolovereading.Actually,Ilovereadingasachild.IgrewupinacollegetownandIspentallmysummervacationsinthisuniversity.WhatImeantwas_2._Iwassurroundedbylibrariesandthepeoplewholovedtoread._3._Iwenttothelibrarytoreadeverydaywasoneofmyfavoritehobbies.Myloveofreadingwascreditedwiththefact_4.__myparentsonlyletmewatchanhourofTVaday.Ilearnedtoentertainmyselfthroughmymindandimagination.It'snotreallysurprising_.5._literaturebecamemyvocation.RecentlyIhavebeenreadingalotofmulticulturalwomen'slegends.JaneGoodallwenttoAfricaandstudiedchimpsinsteadofgoingtouniversity._6._therearesomeconnectionsbetweenchimpsandhumanbeingspuzzlesmea1ot.Th