完型改错与翻译

完型出题方向词汇语法上下文的逻辑关系出题方向1.词汇同义词、近义词、含义比较形近词纯词义辨析固定搭配succeedin,adaptto,farfrom,failtodo,applyfor,applyto,solution/answerto,charge…with,accuse…of,

bepatientwith.词组辨析词根词缀法

dict词根：说predictpre-前缀：在...之前，向前dictation-tion典型的名词（n）后缀dictator-or，er

表示人联想记忆法compliment：“i”，联想成“爱”－>“赞美，赞扬”complement：“心中无爱”－>“补充，补足”阅读中记忆单词

文章有100个单词（5，6个单词不认识）适当地做词汇题目，加强对词汇的理解和记忆

descend下降（仅仅表示从高处到低处简单的下降）decline下降（数字、比率和指标的下降）生活当中随时随地背单词robust畅销的饮料“乐百事”：强壮的，健壮的yoghurt：酸奶四级4500w,六级5500w配有单词朗读（边听边记）刘毅一系列丛书（含有字根、字缀的）俞敏洪《英语四六级词根词缀联想记忆法》总结:背单词眼耳口手齐到，才能真正记住单词2.语法连词：名词从句、定从、状从不定代词：other,others,another,all3.上下文的逻辑关系

readawill解题技巧1.充分利用首段首句，最大限度地获取解题信息，即从中心主题中找答案。

Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.(2008.6)PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted.(2008年12月)Kimiyuki

SudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.(2009年6月)解题技巧2.分析认识文章结构，理解领会文章各部分、各层次之间的逻辑关系。并列关系and,or因果时间顺序when,once,before,after,until,not…until,themoment/instant/minute,bythetime表示添加或补充的:

and,also,inaddition,furthermore,further,likewise,similarly,moreover,what’smore,too,either,notonly…butalso,neither,not…but表示举例或解释的

forexample,forinstance,namely,that’stosay,suchas,take…forexample，called,named,defineas,is,mean,referto,定从，：，—表示让步和转折

however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,although,yet,inspiteof,despite,otherwise

atanyrate,inanycase,whoever,whatever,but,表示对照的连词

incontrast,bycontrast,onthecontrary,conversely,incomparison,bycomparison表示条件的

if,whether,unless,incase,provided/providing(that),so(as)longas,sofaras,suppose/supposing,oncondition(that)解题技巧3.利用上下文寻找解题信息完型填空文章中出现的指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、概括词都可能是答案的线索。指代题解题技巧就近原则主宾格一致原则单复数一致原则解题技巧4.代入法5.排除法6.平行结构7.生活常识解题法解题技巧8.选项观察法四个选项都是介词，回到原文找固定搭配。四个选项都是连词，参看解题技巧2.四个选项都是名词，回到原文括号括出横线后的修饰语。四个选项都是动词，回到原文关注动宾或动介搭配。两个选项相反，必选其一；有两个长得像的，必选其一。注意事项利用2-3m快速浏览全文，重点读懂第一句话。利用5-8m先易后难做完型。切忌只看一句话而忽略整个文章内容。10m之后再来重新检查完型。要相信自己的第一感觉，不要轻易改答案。2008.6真题解析Universitiesareinstitutionsthatteachawidevarietyofsubjectsatadvancedlevels.Theyalsocarryoutresearchworkaimed__67__extendingman'sknowledgeofthesesubjects.67.A)atB)byC)toD)in

Theemphasisgiventoeachofthesefunctions__68__fromuniversitytouniversity,accordingtotheviewsofthepeoplein__69__andaccordingtotheresourcesavailable.68.A)turnsB)rangesC)movesD)varies69.A)prospectB)placeC)controlD)favor

Thesmallerandneweruniversitiesdonot__70__thestafforequipmenttocarryoutthe__71__researchprojectspossibleinlargerinstitutions.70.A)occupyB)possessC)involveD)spare71.A)maximumB)mediumC)virtualD)vast

__72__mostexpertsagreethatsomeresearchactivityis__73__tokeepthestaffandtheirstudentsin__74__withthelatestdevelopmentsintheirsubjects.72.A)ButB)AsC)WhileD)For73.A)naturalB)essentialC)functionalD)optional74.A)coordinationB)accordanceC)touchD)graspMoststudentsattendauniversitymainlyto__75__theknowledgeneededfortheirchosen__76__.Educationistsbelievethatthisaimshouldnotbethe__77__one.75.A)acquireB)acceptC)endureD)ensure76.A)processionB)professionC)possessionD)preference77.A)typicalB)trueC)mereD)only

Universitieshavealwaysaimedtoproducemenandwomen__78__judgmentandwisdomaswellasknowledge.78.A)withB)underC)onD)throughForthisreason,they__79__studentstomeetotherswithdiffering__80__andtoreadwidelyto__81__theirunderstandinginmanyfieldsofstudy.79.A)promptB)provokeC)encourageD)anticipate80.A)historiesB)expressionsC)interestsD)curiosities81.A)broadenB)lengthenC)enforceD)specify__82__asecondaryschoolcourse,astudentshouldbeinterestedenoughinasubjecttoenjoygainingknowledgeforitsown__83__.82.A)AmidB)OverC)AfterD)Upon83.A)objectB)effectC)courseD)sake

Heshouldbepreparedto__84__sacrificestostudyhischosen__85__indepth.Heshouldhaveanambitiontomakesome__86__contributiontoman'sknowledge.84.A)takeB)sufferC)makeD)pay85.A)fieldB)targetC)scopeD)goal86.A)radicalB)meaningfulC)truthfulD)initial

2008.12PlayingorganizedsportsissuchacommonexperienceintheUnitedStatesthatmanychildrenandteenagerstakethemforgranted.Thisisexpeciallytrue__67___childrenfromfamiliesandcommunitiesthathavetheresourcesneededtoorganizeand_68_sportsprogramsandmakesurethatthereiseasy_69__toparticipationopportunities.Childreninlow-incomefamiliesandpoorcommunitiesare_70__likelytotakeorganizedyouthsportsforgrantedbecausetheyoften_71__theresourceneededtopayforparticipation_72__,equipment,andtransportationtopracticesandgames_73__theircommunitiesdonothaveresourcestobuildand_74_sportsfieldsandfacilities.Organizedyouthsports_75__appearedduringtheearly20thcenturyintheUnitedStatesandotherwealthynations.Theywereoriginallydevelopmentalexperts_77__thatthebehaviorandcharacterofchildrenwere_78__influencedbytheirsocialsurroundingsandeverydayExperiences.This_79__manypeopletobelievethatifyoucouldorganizetheexperiencesofchildrenin_80__ways,youcouldinfluencethekindsof2009.06真题解析KimiyukiSudashouldbeaperfectcustomerforJapan’scar-makers.He’syoung,successfulexecutiveatanInternet-servicescompanyinTokyoandhasplentyofdisposable__67__.

HeusedtoownToyota’sHiluxSurf,asportutilityvehicle.Butnowheuses__68__subwaysandtrains.“It’snotinconvenientatall,”hesays.__69__,“havingacarisso20thcentury.”Sudareflectsaworrisome__70__inJapan;theautomobileislosingitsemotionalappeal,__71__amongtheyoung,whoprefertospendtheirmoneyonthelatestelectronicdevices.__72__mini-carsandluxuryforeignbrandsarestillpopular,everythinginbetweenis__73__.Lastyearsalesfell6.7percent,7.6percent__74__youdon’tcountthemini-carmarket.Therehavebeen__75__one-yeardropsinothernations:salesinGermanyfell9percentin2007__76__ataxincrease.ButexpertssayJapanis__77__inthatsaleshavebeendecreasingsteadily__78__time.Since1990,yearlynew-carsaleshavefallenfrom7.8millionto5.4millionunitsin2007.

Alarmedbythisstateof__79__,theJapanAutomobileManufacturersAssociation(JAMA)__80__acomprehensivestudyofthemarketin2006.

Itfoundthata__81__wealthgap,demographic(人口结构)changesand__82__lackofinterestincarsledJapanesetoholdtheir__83__longer,

replacetheircarswithsmallerones__84__giveupcarownershipaltogether.JAMA__85__afurthersalesdeclineof1.2percentthisyear.

Someexpertsbelievethatifthetrendcontinuesformuchlonger,furtherconsolidation(合并)intheautomotivesectoris__86__.

改错改错七大类平行结构动词连词代词指代语义矛盾词性固定搭配平行原则“and”,“or”,“like”其左右为平行，长相一致，词性一致，褒贬一致。公式…do,doanddoing.…prep.+doinganddo.…n.liken-s,n-s.

可数名词不能裸体…adj.andadj-er.…(adj.)贬，贬and褒动词（谓，非谓）时态（过去时和现在时）根据上、下句的时态暗示，或本句的时间状语来确定时态是否有错。语态（被动语态）

…thecitieswhichthreatenedby…主谓一致

n.,(……),v.n1,(prep.+n2),v.n.(conj.+v.)prep.Phrase+v.+n.

非谓语动词的三大形式todo表将来doing主动或进行done被动或完成非谓语动词两大错主、被动doing---done大语法s,s独立主格结构（with+）n.+tododoingdoneadj./adv.prep.PhraseSheranoutofroom,tearsswimming./herfacered.连词错误n.(定从）（主从）V.(宾从）或（表从）（状从）s（状从）强调句型Itis…that…定从的错…,that…prep.+who/that名从的错That+完整的句子What+不完整的句子What=allthat状从的错(evenif/though)…s,even/just+s…s,evenasif+seven,just在改错中不能删代词指代（单复数指代错误）…it-----they/them…its----their语义矛盾通过褒贬不一致，改反义词。去掉否定前缀：im-,in-,il-,ir-,dis-,un-,ab-词性错be+-lyadj.+v-ed固定搭配1326个固定搭配总结挑出and,or和动词and,or左右要平行谓动三要素非谓两个谓动抓连词括号括出(conj.+s)代词常改单复数增减-ly要考虑见到-un要去掉剩下抓介词

OnemajordecisionwhichfacestheAmericanstudentreadytobeginhighereducationisthechoiceofattendingalargeuniversityorasmallcollege.Thelargeuniversityprovidesawiderangeofspecializeddepartments,aswellnumerous71.__________courseswithinsuchdepartments.Thesmallcollege,therefore,72.__________generallyprovidesalimitednumberofcoursesandspecializationsbutofferabetterstudent-facultyratio,thus73.__________permitindividualizedattentiontostudent.Becauseofit6slarge74.__________studentbody(oftenexceeding20,000)consistinginmany75.__________peoplefromdifferentcountriestheuniversityexposesitsstudentstomanydifferenceculture,socialandout-of-class76.__________programmes.Ontheotherhand,thesmaller,morehomogeneous(同性质的)studentbodyofthebigcollege77.__________affordsgreateropportunitiesinsuchactivities.Finally,theuniversitycloselyapproximatestherealworldandwhich78.__________providesarelaxed,impersonal,andsometimesanonymous(隐姓埋名的)existence,onthecontrast,theintimate79.__________atmosphereofthesmallcollegeallowsthestudentfouryearsofstructurallivinginwhichtoexpectandpreparingforthereal80.__________world.Inmakinghischoiceamongeducationalinstitutionsthestudentmust,therefore,consideragreatmanyfactors.71.(well)(well)as72.thereforehowever73.offeroffers74.permitpermitting75.inof76.culturecultural77.bigsmall78.and/或andwhich,this79.contrastcontrary80.preparingprepare翻译翻译题型特点1.所给的句子较简单.5分钟完成5个句子,每个句子都不长,句式结构比较简单,语境有限.2.所考查的项目比较单纯句子词汇,典型句式结构,基本语法,核心词汇与短语的熟练程度.3.所要求的译文相对固定题目所给的英文部分,以及括号中的汉语提示,已经暗示了句式框架及选词范围,从而将译文限定在了很小的范围内.翻译解题技巧1.完整准确的理解汉语意思是着手翻译的第一步.2.抓住主干,划分意群在理解原句整体意义的基础上,抓住句子的主干结构.具体可采用汉语的缩句法,首先确定主\谓\宾;再确认其他成分,如定语,状语等.根据句意,以短语为单位划分意群.注意事项考词组、搭配和语法复习搭配，尤其是介词搭配语法正确，时态、语态错不得分手法灵活，尽量找相关的意思写上2008.06翻译真题1.Oureffortswillpayoffiftheresultsoftheresearch______________________

（能应用于新技术的开发）canbeappliedtothedevelopmentofnewtechnology2.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.

__________________________（一定出了毛病）withitsoperatingsystem.

Somethingmustbewrong3.Leavingone’sjob,_______________（无论是什么工作）,isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.

nomatterwhatjobitis/whateverjobitis,4.

___________（与我成长的地方相比）,thistownismoreprosperousandexciting.Comparedwiththeplace(inwhich/where)Igrowup

5._______________________（直到他完成使命）didherealizethathewasseriouslyill.Notuntilhefinishedhismission2008.12月翻译真题1.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems___________(他们至今还没有答案).towhichtheystillhavenoanswerstoday2.________________________(大多数父母所关心的)isprovidingthebesteducationpossiblefortheirchildren.Whatmostparentsareconcernedabout3.You’dbettertakeasweaterwithyou________________(以防天气变冷).incaseoftemperaturedrop4.Throughtheproject,manypeoplehavereceivedtrainingand_________________(决定自己创业)decidedtostarttheirownbusiness5.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknown___________________(直到一名医生偶然发现了它)untiladoctorfounditbychance2009.06翻译真题(5minutes)87.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehad________________(很难跟上班里的同学)inmathandEnglish.答案：difficulty(in)catchingupwithhisclassmates译文：转到新学校没多久，阿里就发现在数学和英语这两门功课上很难跟上班里的同学。【答案解析】本句中重点考查的语法点是动名词在固定结构里的用法，即havedifficulty(in)doing。另外还考察了catchupwithsb.，表示“赶上，跟上某人（由指功课、进度）这一词组。在组句的时候注意，“班上的同学”要么说成"hisclassmates"，要么译成"otherstudentsinhisclass"，此处的other不可少。88.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Mary________________(就不会被大雨淋着了).

答案：wouldnothavebeencaughtintheheavyrain译文：如果玛丽早回来一个小时，她就不会被大雨淋着了。【答案解析】本句考查的是一个典型的过去时态的虚拟。从句使用的是过去完成时hadreturned，因此主句也必须是情态助动词加上完成时。另外“被雨淋到”要使用"becaughtintherain"这一说法，不宜直译。89.Itissaidthatthosewhoarestressedorworkingovertimeare________________