2023年北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试试卷真题及答案

北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试2023.05Passage1Isthat6a.m.workoutgettinginthewayofgoodsleep?Don’tthinkyourfatcellswon’tnotice.AnewstudypublishedinTheAnnalsofInternalMedicine(amedicaljournal)findsthatinadequateshut-eyehasaharmfuleffectonfatcells,reducingtheirabilitytorespondtoinsulin(胰岛素)byabout30percent.Overthelong-term,thisdecreasedresponsecouldsetthestagefortype-2diabetes(amedicalconditioninwhichsomeonehastoomuchsugarinhisorherblood),fattyliverdiseaseandweightgain.Thestudyaddstoagrowingbodyofevidencethatthere’“anintimaterelationshipbetweentheamountofsleepwegetandourabilitytomaintainagood,healthybodyweight,”sayssleepexpertHeleneEmsellem,directoroftheCenterforSleepandWakeDisordersinChevyChase,Maryland.(76)ButAmericansdon’tseemtobegettingthemessagethatweneedseventoninehoursparnight.Morethan1in5ofus,accordingtoareportfromtheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention,isgettingsixorfewerhoursofsleeppernight,onaverage.SohowdidresearchersstudyfatcellsintheAnnalspaper?MatthewBradyoftheUniversityofChicagoandagroupofcolleaguesselectedandpersuadedsevenvolunteerstotakepartintheresearchproject.Theywereallyoung,thinandhealthyandagreedtosleepforeightnightsinasleeplab.“Forfournightstheywereallowedtostayinbedfor8.5hoursanight,”saysBrady.Then,amonthlater,theycamebackforfouradditionalnights——butthistimetheywereallowedjust4.5hoursofsleeppernight.Andaftereachvisit,researchersgotasampleoftheirfat.(77)Bradyexplainsthatthefatcellsrespondedsignificantlytothelossofsleep.“Iwasverysurprisedtobehonest,”hesays.Badthingscanhappenwhenfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.“Fatcellsareactuallyyourfriend,”hesays.“They’retheretostorelipids(血脂).”Whenlipidsstayinsidethecells,yourbodycanutilizethefatwhenyou’reexercisingorsleepingorgoingaboutyourday.“However,whenfatcellsstaretobecomeinsulinresistant,thelipidsstartoleachoutofthefatcellsandriseinthebloodstream,”Bradysays.1.Accordingtothepassage,lackofsleepforalongwhilecanprobablyleadtoallofthefollowingEXCEPT_____.A.heartdisease B.weightgain C.diabetes D.liverdisease2.Themainideaofthethirdparagraphis_____A.howtowriteamedicalresearchpaperB.howtoavoidsleeplossC.howtheresearchwasconductedD.howtoconductamedicalexperiment3.Whatdoesthe“leach”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A.Leap. B.Lead. C.Lean. D.Leak.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.Wewillbeintroubleifourfatcellsbecomelessresponsivetoinsulin.B.Moreandmorestudiesaredonetostudythelindbetweensleepandweight.C.Morethan20%ofAmericansarenotgettingenoughsleep.D.Fatcellsaretheretohelpusmaintainagoodhealth.5.Whichofthefollowingisanappropriatetitleforthispassage?A.PoorSleepMayLeadtoTooMuchStoredFatandDiseaseB.SleepExpertsHadExcitingFindingsinaFatStudyC.AmericansShouldHaveMoreThanSixHoursofSleepD.BadThingsHappenifFatCellsBecomeOurFriendPassage2Thetopoftheworldisawonderland.Inwinter,thetemperatureoftenfallsto-30°Fandthesunneverrises.Theoceanissurroundedbyfrozenground.Therearefewpeopleortrees,buttopolarbears,theArctic(北极)ishome.(78)Polarbearshavethickfur,bigpawsandotherfeaturesthatmakethemwellpreparedforlifeintheirtoughenvironment.Infact,theyneedtheArcticseaiceforsurvival.Butclimatechangeiscausinglargerandlargerareasofsummerseaicetomelt(融化).Expertssaythatifwarmingpatternscontinue,theArcticcouldbefreeofsummerseaiceby2050.Thatmaycausetwo-thirdsoftheworld's20,000polarbearstobegonebythentoo.Polarbearscan'tsurviveforlongonland.Sealsaretheirmainsourceoffood.Theonlyplacewherepolarbearscanhuntsealsisontheice.(79)Althoughthesebearsarestrongswimmers,theyarenomatchforlightningswiftsealsinthewater.Apolarbearhasbrilliantlycleverstrategiestoovercomethisdisadvantage.Inwinterthebearwaitsmotionlessbesideaseal'sbreathinghole,whichisanarrowtunnelthroughtheice.Oftenmanyhourspassbeforethesealcomesupforairandthebearkillsitwithapowerfulblowofitspaw.Insummer,thepolarbearsthatliveonlandeatverylittleandwaitfortheseaicetoreturn.Withtheseaiceforminglaterintheyearandmeltingearlier,polarbearsdonothaveenoughopportunitytohuntandeat.Lessseaicemakesitharderforthebearstocatchtheseals.Thebearsmustswimlongerdistancesbetweenicepacks(大片浮冰),andtheycan'talwaysmakeit.Theiceisalsogettingthinner.Theseconditionscancausepolar-bearcabstobecomeseparatedfromtheirmothers,whoprovidethemwithfood.StevenAmstrupisthechiefscientistofPolarBearsInternational.Thegroupaimstosavethebearsandtheirhome."Themorepeoplewhoseepolarbearsandunderstandtheirdifficultsituation,thebetterthechancewe'llalterourwarmingpathintimetosavethem,"hesays.6.Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ClimateChangeintheArctic B.HowtoProtecttheEnvironmentC.TheArcticTsHometoPolarBears D.PolarBearsinDanger7.Wheredopolarbearsusuallyhuntseals?A.Onland B.Inopenwater.C.Inopeningsintheseaice. D.Atthebottomofthesea.8.Theword"cubs"inthefourthparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_____A.adults B.babies C.hunters D.enemies9.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A.Starvingpolarbearsareincreasinglycomingintovillages,wheretheymaybekilledeitherforfoodorsafety.B.Polarbearscanspendtheirentirelivesonlandiftheseaicemeltscompletely.C.Two-thirdsoftheworld'spolarbearsmaydisappearby2050asglobalwarmingcontinues.D.Thegrowingdistancebetweenicepacksisnotaproblemforpolarbears,becausetheyareexcellentswimmers.10.What'sthemissionofPolarBearsInternational?A.Savingenergy.B.Conductingscientificresearch.C.Seekinginternationalcooperation.D.Savingpolarbearsandtheirhome.Passage3Imagineaschoolthatexpecteditsstudentstobecomeliterate(有读写能力旳)withoutanyformalinstruction.Mostparentswouldbealarmedbysuchanapproach,whichwouldleavetheirchildrenconfusedandwithgapsintheirunderstanding.Thishoweverhasbeenthephilosophyoncharacterdevelopmentinmanyofourschools.Whyisthedevelopmentofcharacterseenassomehowdifferentfromtheotherskillsthatweteach?Ofcoursetherewillalwaysbelearningbyosmosis(耳濡目染)inanyschool,butasateacherandprimaryschoolheadIhavefoundthatachild'smoralliteracyisstrengthenedwhentheyacquirethebuildingblocksofgoodcharactersuchasconsideration,courageandhonor:qualitieswhicharecommonlyknownasvirtue(美德).Ipersonallyfindthatexploringavirtueoveratwo-weekperiodprovidesasimpleandeffectiveprogramthatallowsforthecreativeinputofbothteacherandstudentandachanceforthevirtuetoembed(使融入)itself.Oncealessononavirtuesuchashonestyhasbeencompletedweneedtoallowtimeforchildrentopracticethisconceptjustaswouldbethecasewithfractionsorverbs.Allowingchildrentoroleplayasituationsuchasmakingupexcusestocoveramistakecanbeenormouslyinteresting,andthedramacanbefrozenallowingthecharacterstobequestionedabouttheirfeelingsandmotives.(80)It'salsoasafewayforchildrentoexperienceforthemselveshowalieusuallygoesoutofcontrol.Ourroleaseducatorsisalsotolookforopportunitiestohelpourstudentsastheyattempttostrengthentheircharacters.Whensomethinggoeswrongweguidetheyoungpersontothevirtuethatwillpreventitfromhappeningagain.Forinstance,whenamstudentthoughtlesslydisturbsthecalmatmosphereofthelibrary,insteadofaresponsesuchas,"thatwasreallydisrespectfulandselfishofyou!"wedrawoutfromthemtherequiredvirtue:"Whenyou'rewalkingthroughthelibrary,whatvirtuesdoyouneedtouse?"11.Whichofthefollowingisthemainideaofthispassage?A.Teachingmoralsandvalueshasbeenafrequentlydiscussedtopicinthepastfewyears.B.Theauthorandhisstaffembedvirtuesintolessonsandschoollifetoencouragecharacterdevelopmentinchildren.C.Kidsthroughoutthepopulationfacethesameneeds,thesamechallenges,andthesamerealitiesintheirlives.D.RoleplaysareanexcellentwayofgettingstudentstopracticetheirEnglish.12.Wecaninferfromthefirstparagraphthat_.A.theretendstobedisagreementaboutwhatcharactereducationisB.mostparentsarenotsatisfiedwiththeteachingmethodsadoptedinschoolsC.theapproachtocharactereducationisgenerallyconsidereddifferentfromtheapproachestootherskillsD.moreandmoreschoolsareadoptingstrategiestoimproveschoolattendance13.Theword"philosophy"inthefirstparagraphisclosestinmeaningto_A.studyB.subjectC.viewpointD.investigation14.Theauthorisa_____A.teacher B.librarian C.reporter D.manage15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedinthepassageasawaytobuildcharacterinchildren?A.Storyreadingsanddiscussions. B.Osmosis.C.Takingeveryopportunitytoteachcharacter. D.Roleplay.PartIIVocabularyandStructure(30%)16.Somuch_______abouthisshipsontheseathathedidn’tsleepforasingleminuteallnight.A.didheworry B.hedidworry C.heworried D.worriedbe17.Hisnewnovelissaid______intoafilmlastyear.A.tomake B.tohavemade C.tobemade D.tohavebeenmade18.Hetriedseveraltimestopasstheexam._____theend,hesucceeded.A.On B.In C.At D.By19.Thereportofanearthquake(地震)inthesouthChinaSeahasnotbeen_____yet.A.conflicted B.confused C.confined D.confirmed20.Thecloudsaregathering.We’rebetterhurryand_____thedepartmentstoreincaseitrains.A.handin B.faceupto C.headfor D.backup21.Thereisonlyoneboat____forhire.I’mafraidyouhavetowaitforthenextone.A.superior B.capable C.complicated D.available22.Ithinkfishingisanicehobbybutneedsagooddealof______.A.relation B.limitation C.strength D.patience23.Finallywemadea______thatIshouldcookdinnerandshewouldwashupafter.A.trip B.bargain C.face D.fool24.Theoldmanwasfound______onthefloor.A.lyingdead B.lyingdeath C.layingdead D.layingdeath25.Ifone______acrime,hewillbepunished.A.makes B.commits C.performs D.achieves26.Ifyouinsistondoingthat,pleasetakemeinto_____.A.think B.thinking C.thought D.consideration27.ThelettersPTA_____parent-teacherassociation.A.standfor B.callfor C.reachfor D.carefor28.On_____sideofthestreetwerestandingyoungboysandgirlstowelcomethePresident.A.both B.two C.either D.every29.Hospitaldoctorsdon’tgooutveryoftenastheirwork_____alltheirtime.A.takesaway B.takesin C.takesover D.takesup30.The______ofbloodalwaysmakeshimsick.A.sight B.view C.look D.form31.Shesentherapplicationtotheuniversitylastweek,but____anyresponseuptonow.A.didn’treceiveB.weren’treceivingC.hadn’treceivedD.hasn’treceived32._____bytheteacherinclass,Johnfeltquitedepressedandkeptsilentthewholeevening.A.Criticizing B.Tocriticize C.Criticized D.Havingcriticized33.I’dplayfootballwithyounowifI_____tenyearsyounger.A.am B.be C.hadbeen D.were34.Allthebooks,_____hadsomepicturesinthem,weresenttothelittlegirl.A.which B.that C.who D.whose35.Itisknowthat_____Galileoinvented_____telescope.A.the…the B./…the C.a…/ D.the….a36.ThesilkproducedinHangzhoufeelsextremely_____.A.soft B.softly C.softness D.softy37.Notasinglemistake______inthetest.A.hemade B.didhemake C.hehasmade D.madebe38.Wouldyoumind_____aphotoofyou?A.metake B.totake C.mytaking D.metotake39.Theladytreatstheboynextdoorwellasifhe______herownson.A.is B.was C.were D.wouldbe40.Thecity____Iwasbornisonthenewrailwayline.A.which B.that C.onwhich D.where41.It______yesterday,forthegroundisstillwetnow.A.musthaverainedB.wasraining C.rained D.hadrained42.IfprofessorJonesarrivestomorrow,eitheryouofI______tomeethimattheairport.A.are B.is C.am D.were43.______withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesn’tseemhighatall.A.WhencomparedB.Compare C.WhilecomparingD.Comparing44.OnthisspecialoccasionI’dliketoexpressmy_____wishesforyourfuturehappiness.A.obvious B.sincere C.hopeful D.honest45.Hedoesn’tspendmuchtime_____hishomework.A.in B.with C.on D.for辨错题46.Heissuchstrongamanthathecanlifttenstoneslikethisone. A B C D47.Itwasuntilafterhisdeaththathewasrecognizedasagreatcomposer. A B C D48.Gettothetopofthehill.butyouwillseethewholecity. A B C D49.Isthatthereasonbecauseyouareinfavoroftheproposal?A B C D50.TherewassomuchnoiseintheroomthatIcouldhardlyhearmyselftothink. A B C D51.WhenDaddywillcomeback,Iamgoingtotellhimeverythingaboutyourpoorperformanceatschool. A B C D52.Somepeopleliketoeatapples,butotherspreferbananasforapples. A B C D53.Mosttreefrogschangecolorsfromtimetotimetofitinwithitsenvironment. A B C D54.Asaslowstudent,Janehasn'tfinishedhertestintime.isshe?A B C D55.Thereareonlytwothingsworthtoreadinthisnewspaper—theTVlistingsandthesportspage. A B C DPartIVCloze(10%)56.A.rooted B.rooting C.caused D.causing57.A.that B.which C.when D.where58.A.for B.as C.in D.along59.A.view