Module 4伟大的科学家

Module4GreatScientists类型：口头通知典例：通知全班同学明天参观科学博物馆模板：AnAnnouncementBoysandgirls，

Attention,please!Ihaveanannouncementtomake.

WearegoingtovisittheScienceMuseumtomorrow.Wewillmeetattheschoolgateateightinthemorningandwewillgothereonfoot.Takeyourpensandnotebookswithyou.Weshouldlistenandwatchcarefullyandwritedownsomethinginterestingwhenwevisitthemuseum.Pleasedon’tmakeanynoiseinthemuseumanddon’ttakeanypictures.You’llhavetohandinareportaboutthevisitnextMonday.一、单词拼写1.__________n.(动物或植物的)种2.__________vt.支持3.__________vt.取代；以……代替4.__________n.质量5.__________vt.教育educate

speciessupportreplacequality6._________vt.出版7._____________n.畅销书8._____________vi.毕业9.__________vi.逃跑；逃避10._________n.生物学biology

publishbest-sellergraduateescape11.botanyn. ________12.geneticsn.

________13.nicknamen.

________14.speciesn.

___________15.convertvt.

___________16.diagnosev.

________诊断植物学遗传学绰号(动物或植物的)种改变；转换二、词汇派生1.___________n.农业___________adj.农业的2.__________n.起源；源头；开端__________adj.原始的；最初的__________adv.最初；起初；本来originally

agricultureagriculturaloriginoriginal3.__________n.物理学__________adj.身体的__________adv.身体上;肉体上physicallyphysicsphysical4.__________n.人__________adj.个人的____________adv.就个人而言;亲自地personallypersonpersonal5.__________vt.领导;引导;指挥__________adj.主要的;领导的6.__________vi.爆炸___________n.爆炸explosionleadleadingexplode1.Chinaisacountrywithalonghistoryof___________(agriculture)civilization.1.作定语用形容词。2.Aspeoplegrowold,theywilldecaymentallyaswellas_________(physical).2.与mentally并列作状语。agriculturalphysically3.Afterthebigforestfire,around95%oftheislands’_________(origin)speciessurvived.3.作定语用形容词。4.IknewthenhowpowerfulTVwas,butIhadn’tyetexperiencedit____________(person).作状语用副词,修饰动词experienced。personallyoriginal5.ButanewstudyshowsthatIndia’s________(lead)causesofdeathnowalsoincludeobesity-relateddiseasessuchasheartdisease.5.名词前面作定语用形容词

leading三、短语翻译1.__________培养;教育2.__________召集;调入3._____________由于……的结果4._____________把……转变为……5._____________因……而出名/闻名beknownfor

bringupbringinasaresultofconvert...to...6._________________谋生7._________________掌权8.___________________被诊断患有…9.________________________在……方面取得突破10._______________偶然；意外地byaccidentearnone’slivingcometopowerbediagnosedwithmakeabreakthroughin四、短语运用1.出生于1847年并由父母抚养长大的爱迪生是人类历史上最伟大的发明家。Bornin1847andbroughtupbyhisparents,Edisonisthegreatestinventorinthehistoryofmankind.2.他因为有两千多项发明而闻名于世,其中包括电灯、留声机(gramophone)和电影摄像机等。Heisknownforhisovertwothousandinventions,includingtheelectriclightbulb,thegramophoneandthefilmcamera.3.在童年时期,由于贫穷和调皮的缘故,爱迪生只在学校读了三个月的书。Inchildhood,asaresultofpovertyandhisnaughtiness,Edisonwasinschoolforonlythreemonths.4.离开学校之后,爱迪生以在火车上卖报纸来谋生。Afterleavingschool,Edisonearnedhislivingbysellingnewspapersontrain.5.有一天爱迪生在火车站意外救了一个男孩,这个男孩的父亲愿意教他电报技术。Onedayatarailwaystation,Edisonsavedaboybyaccident,whosefatherofferedtoteachhimtelegraphtechnology.6.从此,爱迪生开始了他发明生涯。Fromthenon,Edisonbeganhiscareerofinvention.7.在他的努力下,爱迪生在科技方面取得了很多重大的突破,并发明了很多有用的东西。Withhisefforts,Edisonmadeanumberofgreatbreakthroughsinscienceandtechnologyandinventedmanyusefulthings.8.在晚年,爱迪生被诊断出患有各种疾病,并于1931逝世。Inhislateryears,Edisonwasdiagnosedwithsomediseases,andpassedawayin1931.Bornin1847andbroughtupbyhisparents,Edisonisthegreatestinventorinthehistoryofmankindandisknownforhisovertwothousandinventions,includingtheelectriclightbulb,thegramophoneandthefilmcamera,etc.合并:Inhischildhood,asaresultofpovertyandhisnaughtiness,Edisonwasinschoolforonlythreemonths,andsoonafterleavingschool,heearnedhislivingbysellingnewspapersontrain.Onedayatarailwaystation,Edisonsavedaboy,byaccidentwhosefatherofferedtoteachhimtelegraphtechnology,anditwasfromthenonthatEdisonbeganhiscareerofinvention.Withhisefforts,Edisonmadeanumberofgreatbreakthroughsinscienceandtechnologyandinventedmanyusefulthings.YetEdisonwasdiagnosedwithsomediseasesinhislateryearsandpassedawayin1931.原句:TheChinesediscoveredthatthegasescapingfromthetubecouldliftitintotheair.中国人发现从竹筒里漏出的气体可以使其飞向空中。(B4M4P39)1.escape

vi.&vt.&n.逃跑;逃避;逃脱makeone’sescape逃跑anarrowescape九死一生haveone’sescapecutoff被切断逃路escape(doing)sth.逃脱(做)某事escapefrom(outof)从……逃脱/逃走搭配⑴聚会很无聊,我们迫不及待地要溜走。Thepartywasboring—wecouldn’twaitto__________________.运用根据中文完成英文句子。makeourescape

⑵从内蒙古监狱逃出的四名罪犯已经被抓住。Fourprisonerswho____________thejailinInnerMongoliahavebeencaught.escapedfrom原句:WhenthesmokeclearedWanHuandhischairhaddisappeared.当烟散去时,万胡和椅子都不见了。(B4M4P39)2.clearvi.(烟雾)消散;放晴

vt.清除

adj.清除的；明白的；晴朗的clearaway把……清除掉;收拾clearup整理;天气放晴;消除(疑虑,误会等)clearone’sthroat清嗓子makeitclearthat弄清楚搭配⑴当烟雾逐渐散去就是睡觉的时间了。Whenthesmoke_________itwastimetogotosleep.⑵据报道,明天天气将变晴。Itisreportedthattheweatherwill_________tomorrow.运用根据中文完成英文句子。clearup

cleared3.asaresultof由于……的结果

earnone’sliving谋生原句:⑴AsaresultofYuanLongping’sdiscoveries,Chinesericeproductionroseby47.5percentinthe1990’s.由于袁隆平的发现,中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。(B4M4P32)⑵gotajobinanofficetoearnhisliving在办公室得到一份工作来谋生。(B4M4P37)表示“由于……的结果”的结构还有：inconsequenceof，Theresultisdueto等。联想运用请根据句意,用以上短语的适当形式填空。⑴______________thefailureintheCollegeEntranceExamination,helostthechancetogotouniversity.Afewmonthslater,hedecidedtogotoShenzhenalonetofindajobto⑵_____________.Asaresultofhisliving

earn4.beknown/famousfor

因…而出名/闻名

bringup培养;教育原句:⑴WhatisEinsteinknownfor?爱因斯坦因什么而出名？(B4M4P36)⑵YuanLongpingwasbornandbroughtupinChina.袁隆平生长在中国。(B4M4P32)beknownas被认为是asisknowntoall众所周知bringabout引起bringin引进bring(...)intoplay发挥……bring(...)intoeffect实施；使生效联想运用⑴_________________thatShaoshan,asmallcityinHunanProvince,⑵____________theplacewheretheChairmanMaowasbornand⑶____________.Atthesametime,Hunan⑷________________thehomeofthegreatpeopleinChina.Withmoreandmorehightechnologies⑸___________constantly,theHunan’seconomydevelopsveryfasttheseyears.broughtin

Aetopower掌权原句:AlbertEinsteinleftGermanywhenHitlercametopowerandwenttoworkintheUS.当希特勒上台后,爱因斯坦离开德国到美国工作。(B4M4P37)inone’spower为某人力所能及inpower当权的；掌权的beyondone’spower力所不能及withinone’spower力所能及doallinone’spower尽力；竭尽全力联想⑴在掌权之前,他曾经坐了几年牢。Beforehe_______________,hewasonceputinprisonforyears.⑵目前,法国哪个政党当权？Whichpoliticalpartyis__________inFrancecurrently?运用根据中文完成英文句子。inpowercametopower1.Hethoughtthatthekeytofeedingpeoplewastohavemorericeandtoproduceitmorequickly.他认为,解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的稻米,并且能更快地生产出来。(B4M4P32)句型:thekeytodoingsth.is(todo)sth.做……的关键是……⑴学好英语的关键在于多记词汇和优美句型。____________________________________memorizemorewordsandbeautifulsentencepatterns.仿写根据中文完成英文句子。ThekeytolearningEnglishwellisto

⑵有些人认为成功的关键在于运气。Somepeoplesaythat__________________________.tosuccessisluck

thekey

2.Hethoughttherewasonlyonewaytodothis—bycrossingdifferentspeciesofriceplant.他认为只有一个办法能实现这个目标—就是通过杂交水稻品种。(B4M4P32)句型:thereisonlyonewaytodosth.只有一种做……的方法...istheonlywaytodosth./theonlywaytodosth.is……是做……的唯一方法⑴此刻只有一种方法可以改变这一切。Now________________________changeallthat.⑵能让你摆脱困境的唯一方法是—乐观。Beingoptimisticis_________________getyououtofthetrouble.仿写根据中文完成英文句子。theonlywayto

thereisonlyonewaytoSoontheMongolslearnedhowtomakerocketsthemselvesanditispossiblethattheyintroducedthemtoEurope.很快蒙古人自己学会了造火箭，也有可能他们会把它们引进到欧洲。分析:本句是个并列复合句,前一分句中的howtomakerocketsthemselves是“疑问词+动词不定式”作learned的⑴_____;后一分句是个主从复合句，that引导的是一个⑵____从句,it作形式主语。主语宾语ClemenswasbornonNovember30,1835inFlorida,Missouri,ofaVirginianfamily.HewasbroughtupinHannibal,Missouri.After16____father’sdeathin1847,hewasapprenticedtoaprinterand17______(write)forhisbrother’snewspaper.16.指“马克吐温的”。17.由上下文可知用一般过去时。hiswrote一、语法填空HelaterworkedasalicensedMississippiriver-boatpilot.TheCivilWarputanend18___thesteamboattrafficandClemensmovedtoVirginia,19______heeditedtheTerritorialEnterprise.OnFebruary3,1863,“MarkTwain”wasbornwhenClemenssignedahumoroustravelaccountwiththatpenname.18.根据前面的putanend可知。19.引导定语从句修饰前面的Virginia。towhereIn1864TwainleftforCalifornia,andworkedas20__reporter.HevisitedHawaiiasacorrespondentforTheSacramentoUnion,21___________(publish)lettersonhistripandgivinglectures.20.不定冠词表类别。21.现在分词作状语,表伴随。apublishingHesetoutonaworldtour,travelinginFranceandItaly.Hisexperiences22______________(record)in1869inTheInnocentsAbroad,23_____gainedhimwidepopularity.ThesuccessasawritergaveTwainenough24_________(finance)securitytomarryOliviaLangdonin1870.22.由主语可知用被动语态。23.引导定语从句修饰前面的主句。24.形容词作定语。wererecordedwhichfinancialTwaincontinuedtolectureintheUnitedStatesandEngland.25______1876and1884hepublishedseveralmasterpieces:TomSawyer(1881)andThePrinceandThePauper(1881).LifeontheMississippiappearedin1883andHuckleberryFinnin1884.25.根据后面的and可知。Between1.A.going B.walkingC.coming D.rushingAsthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease,wearefastlosingtheartofrelaxation.Onceyouareinthehabitof1throughlife,beingonthegofrommorningtillnight,itishardtoslowdown.二、完形填空D由前文的Asthepaceoflifecontinuestoincrease和后面的onthegofrommorningtillnight可知,这里指养成“快节奏生活”习惯。2.A.healthy B.strongC.regular D.normal2.A由常识可知，放松消遣是“健康的”身心必不可少的。Butrelaxationisessentialfora2mindandbody.Stress(压力)isanaturalpartofeverydaylifeandthereisnowayto3

it.3.A.avoidB.keepC.destroyD.defeatA根据前面的Stressisanaturalpartofeverydaylife可知：压力是无法“避免”的。4.A.relaxationB.stressC.restD.sleepB根据前面的Stressisanaturalpart可知。与stress是原词复现。5.A.order B.questionC.standard D.controlD只有当压力失去“控制”时才可能导致表现失常和疾病。Infact,acertainamountof4isvitaltoprovidemotivationandgivepurposetolife.Itisonlywhenthestressgetsoutof5thatitcanleadtopoorperformanceandillhealth.6.A.fixesB.takesC.dependsD.holdsC根据句意及搭配，一个人能承受压力的多少很大程度上“取决于”个人。7.A.ashamedB.afraidC.sureD.carefulB由后文“这种性格的人适合做管理”可知,这些人不“怕”压力。Theamountofstressapersoncanstand6verymuchontheindividual.Somepeoplearenot7ofstress,andsuchcharactersareobviouslyfitformanagement.Otherslose8atthefirstsightofunusualdifficulties.Whenexposedtostress,inwhateverform,wereactbothchemicallyand9.8.A.temperB.touchC.controlD.heartD与前句形成对比。loseheart与afraid是词语同现。9.A.spiritual B.emotionallyC.physically D.mentallyC与chemically相对应的是physically。chemically与physically是词语同现。Infactwemakea10between“fight”or“flight”andinmuchearlierdaysthechoicemadethedifferencebetweenlifeor11.10.A.choiceB.wayC.guessD.research10.A根据between后的宾语可知应填choice。11.A.mindB.deathC.diseaseD.illness11.B从life可推出death。death与life是词语同现。Thecriseswemeettodayareunlikelytobesoextreme,buthoweverlittlethestress,it12thesameresponse.12.A.keeps B.includesC.involves D.needsC本句意：不管压力有多小,都涉及到相同的反应。Itiswhensuchareactionlastslong,throughcontinuedexposuretostress,that13becomesendangered.Suchseriousconditionsashighblood14andheartdiseasehaveestablishedlinkswithstress.13.A.bodyB.healthC.safetyD.workB根据常识,只有长时间承受压力的时候,才危及健康。14.A.pressureB.testC.temperatureD.typeA固定搭配,highbloodpressure“高血压”。Sincewecannotremovestressfromourlife(itwouldbeunwisetodosoevenifwecould),weneedtofind15todealwithit.15.A.keys B.problemsC.roads D.waysD从后面的不定式可知,本句意:既然我们无法在生活中消去压力,我们需要找到办法对付它。crisis危机exposure暴露endangered有危险的【助读词汇】三、阅读理解1.Whenagobygrowstowithin5-10%ofthesizeofitslargercompetitor,it___.A.facesdangerB.hasbreedingrightsC.eatsitscompetitorD.leavesthegroupitselfA细节理解题。从第二段eachbeing5-10%smallerthanitsnextlargestcompetitor.可以判断出小于5-10%的未来最大的竞争对手。A.thefishbeatenupB.thefishfoundoutC.thefishfattenedupD.thefishdrivenaway2.Theunderlinedwords“theevictedfish”inParagraph3referto____.D词义猜测题。由上句itcausesafightwhichusuallyendsinthesmallergobybeingdrivenawayfromthegroup可知。A.foughtoverafeastB.wentondietwillinglyC.preferredsomeextrafoodD.challengedthebossfish3.Theexperimentshowedthatsmallerfish____.B推理判断题。根据第4段的最后一句Totheirsurprise,thegobiessimplyrefusedtheextrafoodtheywereoffered,clearlypreferringtoremainsmallandavoidfights可知。A.Fishdietingandhumandieting.B.Dietingandhealth.C.Humandieting.D.Fishdieting.4.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?D主旨大意题。文章一开始就提出“人节食是为了更有吸引力,鱼节食是为了不被吃掉。”,最后的结论指出,鱼节食是一种习惯。A.fishdietedtoavoidbeingeatenupB.thesizeofthefishwasnaturalC.largefishmadetheircompetitorssmallD.largefishwerefriendlytosmallfish5.Itwasoncethoughtthat____.C推理判断题。根据文章第五段第2句可知C项正确。其他选项没有依据。subordinate次要的intake吸收ideal理想的fatup养肥innature本质上ideal理想;典范voluntarilydiettoavoidchallenging自愿节食以避免挑战【助读词汇】好句常背：用于文中的承接句1.Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)…我们有理由相信……Wehavereasonstobelieve(that)corporalpunishmentshouldbestrictlyprohibited.我们有理由相信体罚应该严格禁止。2.Asamatteroffact,…=infact…事实上，……Asamatteroffact,itishealththatcounts.事实上,健康才是最重要的。3.Besides(inaddition),weshouldnotneglect…此外,我们不应忽视……

Inaddition,weshouldnotneglectthateveryonewantsafriendlyandpeacefulsociety.此外,我们不应忽视每个人都想要一个温馨祥和的社会。4.Onthecontrary,…=Bycontrast,…相反的，……Onthecontrary,afewstudents,itseems,arestillfoolingaround.相反的,少数学生似乎还在虚度光阴。5.Ontheotherhand,…另一方面，……Thegovernmentshouldenforcelawsstrictly.Ontheotherhand,thepublicshouldalsodevelopthegoodhabitofreducingpollution.政府应严格执法,另一方面,大众也应该培养减少污染的好习惯。6.However,itisapitythat…然而,很可惜的是……However,itisapitythatheshouldalwayscramattheeleventhhour.然而,很可惜的