第五讲虚拟语气

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第五讲虚拟语气

错综时间虚拟条件句

一、什么叫错综时间虚拟条件句所谓错综时间虚拟条件句即条件从句与主句所指时间不一致，如从句指过去，而主句即指的是现在或将来，此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整：Ifithadrainedlastnight,thegroundwouldbewetnow.

要是昨晚下过雨的话，现在地面就会是湿的。Youwouldbemuchbetternowifyouhadtakenmyadvice.

假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。

二、一点特别说明条件从句用

ifIwere…时，既可指现在也可指过去：IfIwereyou,Iwouldstay.

我要是你我就会留下。IfIwereyou,I’dgotonightschool.

我要是你，我会上夜校。IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldhavecome.

假若我不忙，我早就来了。也可用

ifIhadbeenyou也表示过去：IfIhadbeenyou，I’dhavetakenthejob.

我要是你，我就接受那份工作了。dis-:不，消失掉disable

使残废;使失去能力;丧失能力disappear

不见,消失disappoint

失望;(希望等)破灭,挫败(计划等)disclose

揭示,泄露discount

折扣；

打折扣;不重视discourage

使泄气,使失去信心discover

发现,显示discrepancy 相差;差异;矛盾;disease

疾病disgrace(优雅,恩惠)失宠,耻辱使失宠;玷辱,使蒙羞disguise(外观)

假装,伪装disgust 厌恶,恶心使厌恶dislike

不喜欢,厌恶dismay(使)沮丧;(使)惊慌;(使)失望,(使)绝望dismiss 免职,解雇,开除,解散disorder

混乱,杂乱;骚乱;失调,疾病displace

移置,转移;取代,置换disposal 处理,处置;布置,安排dispose(放) (of)处理,处置;(for)布置,安排(pose,compose,expose,impose…)dispute(思考)争论,争执争论;反驳;怀疑;阻止disregard(注意,尊重)不理会;忽视;漠视忽视;漠视dis-:分开，分离discard

丢弃，抛弃，遗弃discern(搞清,区别)

认出,发现;辨别,识别discriminate(定罪,责备)

区别,辨别;(against)有差别地对待,歧视disrupt(断裂)

使混乱，使崩溃，使分裂，使瓦解dissipate 驱散;(使云、雾、疑虑等)消散;挥霍dissolve(松开) (使)溶解,(使)融化;解散,取消distant(站,立)

远的;遥远的;疏远的;不亲近的distill(小水滴)蒸馏，用蒸馏法提取；吸取，提炼distinct(刺，刺激)

清楚的,明显的;(from)截然不同的distinction 区别,差别;级别;特性;声望;显赫distinguish(刺，刺激) (from)区别,辨别;辨认出;使杰出distract(拉,拖)

分散;使分心;打扰;使心情烦乱distribute(给予)分发;分配;分布;(over)散布disturb(搅动)

扰乱,妨碍,使不安disturbance 动乱,骚乱,干扰

de-:去掉，变坏，离开，变慢，向下depress

压抑,降低;使沮丧,压下compress

压紧，压缩；(把思想、文字等)浓缩Impress(on)印,盖印;留下印象,引人注目oppress

压迫,压制repression 压抑，压制，镇压suppress

镇压,压制;抑制,忍住;查禁decay 腐朽,腐烂;衰减,衰退destruction(建立)

毁坏，毁灭decline(倾斜,斜坡)

下降,衰落;拒绝下降;斜面,倾斜,衰落incline (使)倾斜;(使)倾向于斜坡,斜面recline

使斜靠

decode

解码decolor

使脱色decompose

分解，(使)腐烂defat

使脱脂deforest

滥伐森林，砍掉…上的树林dethrone废黜devalue贬值，(使)降低价值penal['pinl]adj.刑事的；刑罚的penalty

['pɛnəlti]

n.罚款，罚金；处罚penalize

['pinəlaɪz]

vt.处罚；处刑；使不利penalization

['penəlai,zeiʃn]

n.惩罚；处罚mis-:错误，坏mischief

损害,伤害,危害;恶作剧,胡闹;灾祸misfortune

不幸,灾祸,灾难mislead

把…带错路,使误入岐途mistake

错误,过失弄错;(for)把…误认为misunderstand

误解,误会

misbehaviour

不正当的举止，不规矩的行为misbelief

错误的信仰，信仰邪教misconception

误解miscount

数错，算错misdeed=misdoing

罪行，犯罪，做坏事misplay

失误mistreat

虐待mistrust

不信任misuse

误用，滥用miser-可怜的miserable 痛苦的,悲惨的misery 痛苦,悲惨,不幸miss-送，放出missile 导弹,发射物mission 使命,任务;使团,代表团missionary教会的，传教(士)的传教士

inter-:在…之间；相互；内interact

互相作用,互相影响,互动,交往intercourse

交流,交往,交际,性交interface

接合部位，分界面(使)互相联系interfere(伴侣，配偶)

(in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰interference (in)干涉,干预;(with)妨碍,打扰Intermediate(调解，居中)

中间的,居间的;中级的中间体,媒介物interior 内部的,里面的内部,内地internal 内部的,内的;国内的,内政的intermittent 间歇的,断断续续的international

国际的,世界(性)的,跨国的internet

[the～]国际互联网，因特网interpret 解释,说明;口译interrupt 中断,遮断,阻碍;打断(话),打扰intersection(部分，地区)

相交，交叉；道路交叉口，十字路口interval 间隔,间歇;(幕间或工间)休息intervene (in)干涉,干预;插入,介入interview 接见,会见;采访;面试gross

1.ADJ

Youuse

gross

todescribesomethingunacceptableorunpleasanttoaverygreatamount,degree,orintensity.显而易见的，恶劣的，严重的例：Thecompanywasguiltyofgrossnegligence.该公司犯了重大的失职罪。2.ADJ

粗俗的;不雅的；肥胖臃肿的3.ADJ

(尤指钱或重量)总的;毛的例：...afixedrateaccountguaranteeing10.4%grossinterestor7.8%netuntilOctober.…一个能保证到10月份为止获得10.4%毛利或7.8%净利的固定利率账户。4.N.总额，总数

5.VT.总共收入

mono-:单个，一个monarch

帝王，君主，最高统治者

monotonous单调的,无变化的monopoly 垄断,专卖,专利权,专利事业

monocycle独轮脚踏车monodrama独角戏monolog/monologue独白,滔滔不绝(贬)sol-:单独sole 单独的,唯一的脚垫,鞋底solitary 独自的；偏僻的；单一的，唯一的solo 独奏单独的(地)；独唱的(地)desolate 荒凉的;孤独的使荒芜

solitude孤独，单独，孤寂un-/uni-:单一，一个uniform 制服,军服相同的,一律的unify 使联合,统一;使相同,使一致union 联合,团结;联盟,联邦;协会,社团;和谐unique 唯一的,独一无二的unit 单位,单元;部件,元件;机组,装置unite 联合,团结;统一,合并使联合unity 团结;统一,一致,整体universal 普遍的,全体的,通用的;宇宙的,世界的universe 宇宙,万物university (综合)大学unicorn独角兽unidirectional单向的unisex男女皆宜的unisexual单性的，雌雄异体的

semi-:半semiannual

半年一次的，一年两次的semiautomatic

半自动的semicircle

半圆形semiconductor

半导体semifinal

半决赛semiskilled

半熟练的

hemi-:半hemisphere

半球sphere 球,球体;范围,领域

hemisect

对半切开bi-/di-:两个，双bicycle (bike)自行车骑自行车bisect分成两部分，对分bisexual两性的，雌雄同体的biweekly双周刊bicolor两色的，双色的dilemma (进退两难的)窘境,困境

du-/dub-/doub-:二，双double两倍dual双重的，双的duel决斗，斗争duet二重奏duo二重唱duplicate 复制品复写,使加倍复制的,二重的

twi-:二，两twice 两次,两倍twin 双的,成对的,孪生的孪生子,双生子

tri-:三triangle 三角(形)triple 三倍数三倍的;三部分构成的使成三倍tricolor三色的tricycle/trishaw三轮(脚踏)车trilogy三部曲trio三重唱/奏tripod三脚架trisection分成三部分/三截quardri-/quadru-/quart-:四quart 夸脱(四分之一加仑,1加仑=3.785升)quarter 四分之一;季;一刻钟;(pl.)方向;(pl.)住处quarterly 每季的每季一次季刊quadruple四倍的，四重的，四部分组成的quarterfinal四分之一决赛quartet四重奏cent:一百cent 分(币);百percent百分之centigrade 摄氏温度计(的);百分度(的)(℃)centimetre/-meter厘米century 世纪,(一)百年centigram/-gramme厘克centuple百倍的percentage百分比，比率，可能性milli-:千，千分之一millimeter/-metre毫米milligram/-gramme毫克milliliter/-litre毫升millisecond毫秒millennium千禧年，一千年

kilo-:一千kilo(kilogram/-gramme)千克kilometre /-meter公里，千米(略作km)

di-:使…变成，分开，离开digest 消化；领会，融会贯通文摘，摘要dilute 稀释，冲淡稀释的，冲淡的diminish 缩小,减少,递减diverse(转)

多种多样的,(from)不同的diversion 转向,转移;牵制;解闷;娱乐divert(转)

使转向，使改道；转移(注意力)；使娱乐divide(分开)

分,划分,分开;分配;(by)除dividend 红利，股息；回报，效益；被除数division(分开)

分,分割;部门,科,处;除法;分界线divorce 离婚,分离Quiz11.IforgetwhereIreadthearticle,orI_________ittoyounow.A.willshowB.wouldshowC.amgoingtoshowD.amshowing2.“Itlooksasifheweredrunk.”“Soitdoes._________.”He’dbettergiveupdrinking

Heshouldn’thavedrunksomuchHealthismoreimportantthandrink

Iwonderwhyheisalwaysdoingso

3.“Hewillcometomorrow.”“ButI’dratherhe______thedayaftertomorrow.”

A.willcome

B.iscoming

C.came

D.hadcome4.“I’vetoldhimaboutit.”“ButI’dratheryou____.”

A.didn’tB.hadn’tC.don’tD.wouldn’t

5.Allthedoctorsinthehospitalinsistedthathe____badlywoundedandthathe____atonce.

A.shouldbe;beoperatedon

B.were;mustbeoperatedon

C.was;shouldbeoperated

D.was;beoperatedon

6._____smoking,hewouldnothavegotcancerinthelung.

A.Washegivenup

B.Hadhegivenup

C.Didhegive

D.Ifhegaveup7.Were

it

not

for

the

snowy

weather,

we

__

all

right.A.

would

be

B.

would

have

beenC.

were

D.

may

be8.It

is

hard

for

me

to

imagine

what

I

would

be

doingtoday

if

I

___

in

love,

at

the

age

ofseven,

with

the

Melinda

Cox

Library

in

my

hometown.A.

wouldn’t

have

fallen

B.

had

not

fallenC.

should

fall

D.

were

to

fall9.He

hesitated

for

a

moment

before

kicking

the

ball,

otherwise

he

____

a

goal.A.

had

scored

B.

scoredC.

would

score

D.

would

have

scored10.LookattheterriblesituationIamin!IfonlyI____youradvice.

A.followB.wouldfollowC.hadfollowedD.havefollowed11.____theEnglishexamination,IwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday

A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor

12.HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he______ourchairmannow.

A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.wereD.wouldbe13.______Iyou,Iwouldgowithhimtotheparty.

A.WasB.HadbeenC.WillbeD.Were14.Ifhe_____metomorrow,Iwouldlethimknow.

A.shouldcallB.shouldnothavebeenable

C.werenotableD.arenotable15._____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WouldheleaveB.WasheleavingC.WerehetoleaveD.Ifheleaves

16.Iwouldhavegonetovisithiminthehospitalhaditbeenatallpossible,butI____fullyoccupiedthewholeoflastweek.

A.wereB.hadbeenC.havebeenD.was

17.“Iwishyou____metoputthesethingsaway,”hesaid.A.willhelpB.helpedC.arehelpingD.wouldhelp18.Mostinsuranceagentswouldratheryou____anythingaboutcollectingclaimsuntiltheyinvestigatethesituation.A.doB.don’tdoC.didn’tD.didn’tdo

19.ItisimportantthattheTOEFLoffice____yourregistration.A.willconfirmB.confirmC.confirmsD.mustconfirm20.Hetoldhertoreturnthebookintimesothatothers____achancetoreadit.

A.mayhaveB.willhaveC.wouldhaveD.mighthaveQuiz21.____morecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.A.IfthecaptainwereB.HadthecaptainbeenC.ShouldthecaptainbeD.Ifthecaptainwouldhavebeen2.Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,____asuddenloudnoise.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen3.Theboarddeemediturgentthatthesefiles_____rightaway.A.hadtobeprintedB.shouldhavebeenprintedC.mustbeprintedD.shouldbeprinted4.IapologizeifI_____you,butIassureyouitwasunintentional.offendB.hadoffendedC.shouldhaveoffendedD.mighthaveoffended5.IwishthatI______withyoulastnight.A.wentB.havegoneC.couldgoD.couldhavegone6.HespeaksChineseasfluentlyasifhe____aChinese.A.wereB.hadbeenC.isD.hasbeen7.Asusual,heputonashowasthoughhistrip____agreatsuccess.A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wereD.was8.Althoughmostadoptedpersonswanttherighttoknowwhotheirnaturalparentsare,somewhohavefoundthemwishthatthey____theexperienceofmeeting.A.hadn’tB.didn’thavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave9.Itistimethatthegovernment____measurestoprotecttherarebirdsandanimals.A.takesB.tookC.hastakenD.taking10.Hewasverybusyyesterday,otherwisehe____tothemeeting.A.wouldcomeB.cameC.wouldhavecomeD.hadcome11.Imustsayhereadsverywell,andIshouldn’tbesurprisedifhe____act