全国卷2019届高考英语一轮复习Unit4Pygmalion课时作业新人教版选修8doc

Unit4PygmalionⅠ.阅读理解ADoPeru'spotatoeshavetherightstuff?That'sthequestionscientistswillbeaskinginLimanextmonth,whenaselectionofpotatoeswillbeginundergoingteststodeterminewhethertheyarefittogrowonMars.NASA,theUSspaceagency,isconductingthepioneeringexperimenttogetherwithLima'sInternationalPotatoCenter.TheywillcultivateahundredselectedvarietiesinMars-likeconditionsthatcouldeventuallypavethewayforbuildingadomeontheRedPlanetforfarmingthevegetable.Oftheselectedcandidates,40arenativetotheAndesMountains,conditionedtogrowindifferentecologicalzones,canstandsuddenclimatechangesandreproduceinrockyareas.Theother60areimprovedvarieties,abletosurvivewithlittlewaterandsalt.Theyarealsoimmunetoviruses.Thosethatpassthetestsmustmeetafinalcriterion—theymustbeablenotonlytogrowwellonMarsbutalsoreproduceinlargequantities.“We'realmost100percentcertainthatmanyoftheselectedpotatoeswillpassthetests，”saidJulioValdiviaSilva,aPeruvianNASAastrobiologist(太空生物学家)whoistakingpartintheambitiousproject.Thescientistsplantotransport100kilosofsoiltoalabinLimathatwillsimulatethecomplexMartianatmosphere—whichcontainsmostlycarbondioxide—andexposeittoextremeultraviolet(紫外线的)radiation.Ifthevarietiesselectedfornextmonth'sexperimentdon'tadapttothedesertsoil,theresearcherswillintroducenutrients,whichwillbeprovidedbyradiation.Infutureyears,NASAplanstobuildaMarsresearchcenterinthePeruviandesert.ItwouldcreateaperfectcopyoftheMartianlandscapeandatmosphereforfutureresearchintospacefarmingthatcouldservemannedmissionstoMarsandotherplanetsinthesolarsystem.[语篇解读]本文为一篇新闻报道。美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心携手，进行一项首创性实验。1．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．TransportpotatoestoPeruB．DeterminethevarietiesofpotatoesinPeruC．NASAistobuildaMarsresearchcenterinPeruD．NASAistosimulategrowingpotatoesonMarsinPeru解析：标题概括题。通读文章可知美国国家航空航天局(NASA)计划与国际马铃薯研究中心携手，进行一项首创性实验，即在秘鲁培养可在火星上栽种的土豆。故答案为D项。答案：D2．Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?A．Fortykindsofpotatoescansurvivewithlittlewaterandsalt.B．ManytypesofpotatoestobeplantedonMarsaredevelopedinPeru.C．SixtyvarietiesnativetotheAndesMountainscanstandsuddenclimatechanges.D．Thefinalcriterionisthatallthecandidatesareimmunetovirusesontheearth.解析：细节理解题。依据第三段第一句“TheywillcultivateahundredselectedvarietiesinMars-likeconditionsthatcouldeventuallypavethewayforbuildingadomeontheRedPlanetforfarmingthevegetable.可知B项正”确。依据第三段中的“Theother60areimprovedvarieties，abletosurvivewithlittlewaterandsalt.可排”除A项；依据第三段中的“Oftheselectedcandidates,40arenativetotheAndesMountains，conditionedtogrowindifferentecologicalzones，canstandsuddenclimatechangesandreproduceinrockyareas.可排”除C项；依据第三段中的“Thosethatpassthetestsmustmeetafinalcriterion—theymustbeablenotonlytogrowwellonMarsbutalsoreproduceinlargequantities.可排”除D项。答案：B3．Whatiftheselectedvarietiesdon'tadapttothedesertsoilinPeru?A．Astrobiologistswillbesenttheretohelp.B．Nutrientswillbeprovidedtoplantsbyradiation.C．AMarsresearchcenterwillbebuiltforfurtherstudy.D．100morekilosofpotatoeswillbedirectlysenttoLima.解析：细节理解题。依据第三段最后一句

“Ifthevarietiesselectedfornextmonth'sexperimentdon'tadapttothedesertsoil

，theresearcherswillintroducenutrients，whichwillbeprovidedbyradiation.

可知答案”为

B项。答案：B4．ThepassagemaybeintheA．scienceC．tourism

columnofB．sportsD．entertainment

ChinaDaily.解析：推理判断题。本文介绍的是美国国家航空航天局(NASA)将与国际马铃薯研究中心携手，进行一项首创性实验，属于科普类文章，故答案为A项。答案：ABSomepeoplecallitatravelingmuseum.Othersrefertoitasalivingoropen-airmuseum.BuiltinBraziltohonorColumbus'firstvoyagetotheNewWorld,theNina,aColumbus-erareplica(复制品)ship,providesvisitorswithanaccuratevisualofthesizeandsailingequipmentofColumbus'favoriteshipfromover500yearsago.IjoinedthecrewoftheNinainGulfShores,Alabama,inFebruary2013.Aspartofaresearchprojectsponsoredbymyuniversity,mygoalwastodocumentmydaysaboardtheshipinablog.IquicklyrealizedthatIgainedthemostvaluableinsightswhenIobservedorgavetourstoschool-agechildren.Thefield-triptouroftheNinaishands-onlearningatitsbest.Inthissetting,studentscouldtouchtheline,passaroundaballaststone(压舱石),andmovetheextremelylargetillerthatcontrolledthedirectionoftheshipsinColumbus'days.Theysooncametounderstandthelaborinvolvedinsailingtheshipbackinhistime.Iwaspleasedtoseethestudentsbecomeactiveparticipantsintheirlearningprocess.TheNinaisnottheonlytravelingmuseumthatprovidessuchfieldtrips.AvisittoJamestownSettlement,forexample，allowsvisitorstoboardthreerecreationsoftheshipsthatbroughtthefirstsettlersfromEnglandtoVirginiaintheearly1600s.Historicalguides,dressedinperiodcostumes,givetoursoftheSusanConstant,Godspeed,andDiscovery.Theseguidesoftenportrayacharacterthatwouldhavelivedandworkedduringthattimeperiod.Studentstouringtheseshipsareencouragedtointeractwiththeguidesinordertobetterunderstandthedailylifeinthepast.MyexperienceontheNinahelpstestify(证明)mylong-heldbeliefthatstudentsstayinterested,askbetterquestions,andengage(参与)inhigher-orderthinkingtaskswhentheyareactivelyengagedinthelearningprocess.ThestudentswhoboardedtheNinacameaspassivelearners.Theyleftasboldexplorers.[语篇解读]本文介绍了哥伦布航海时的航船的复制品Nina，它是一个开放的博物馆。学生参观这一特其他博物馆能够踊跃主动参加学习。5．Whatoccupationistheauthorengagedin?A．Shipping.B．Education.C．Ecologicaltourism.D．Museumadministration.解析：推理判断题。依据第二段的第三句“IquicklyrealizedthatIgainedthemostvaluableinsightswhenIobservedorgavetours可知，作者在给学龄少儿介绍相关航船复制品Nina

toschool-agechildren.的历史知识；据此能够判断，

”作者从事的是教育行业，故

B项正确。答案：B6．WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheNinaintroducedinthepassage?A．SheisareplicaofashipthatColumbusbuiltinBrazil.B．Sheisalwayscrowdedwithforeigntouristsduringholidays.C．SheistheboatColumbussailedinhisvoyagetotheNewWorld.D．ShedisplayswhatColumbus'shipwaslikeandhowitoperated.解析：细节理解题。依据第一段最后一句中的“providesvisitorswithanaccuratevisualofthesizeandsailingequipmentofColumbus'favoriteship可知，Nina为人们供给了哥伦布的航船的原貌；依据第二段的“Inthissetting，studentscouldtouchtheline，passaroundaballaststone(压舱石)，andmovetheextremelylargetillerthatcontrolledthedirectionoftheshipsinColumbus'days.”可知，Nina还供给了怎样操作该航船的方法，故D项正确。

”答案：D7．Whatisthethirdparagraphmainlyabout?A．Guidelinesforvisitorsontheships.B．LifeofthefirstsettlersinJamestownSettlement.C．DutiesoftheguidesintheBritishmuseums.D．IntroductiontoanothermuseumsimilartotheNina.解析：段落马虎题。依据第三段的“TheNinaisnottheonlytravelingmuseum...AvisittoJamestownSettlement，forexample，allowsvisitorstoboardthreerecreationsoftheshipsthatbroughtthefirstsettlers可知，第三段主要介绍了另一个与Nina近似的航行博物馆，故D项正确。

”答案：D8．Whatdoestheauthormeanbythelasttwosentencesofthepassage?A．Thestudentsareinterestedinbecomingtourguides.B．Theexperiencehaschangedthestudents'learningattitude.C．Thestudentsbecomebraveandarereadytosailtheseasontheirown.D．Themuseumsaresuccessfulinteachingthestudentssurvivalskillsatsea.解析：句义猜想题。依据文章最后两句可知，登上了哥伦布航船复制品Nina的学生由被支学习变为了知识的英勇探究者。据此能够判断，最后两句意在说明，这类旅游改变了学生的学习态度，故B项正确。答案：BⅠ.完形填空Therewasonceawidowwhohadtwodaughters.The1widowlovedtheelderwhowaslikeherselfbothinlooksandpersonality,butdidn'tlovetheother,whoresembledher2，althoughshewasprettyandfriendly.Theyoungerdaughterhadto3hardalldayandliveupontheleftoversofhereldersister.Amongherother4jobs,shewasforcedtocarrywatereveryday5.Oneday6shehadjustfilledherpotatthefountain，anoldtremblingwomanaskedherforadrinkofwater.Gladtoshowakindnesstotheoldwoman，she7.Now,allofasudden,therewasnooldtremblingwomanbuta(n)8whorewardedgooddeedsbeforeher.“Yourfaceispretty9yourheartisgentle，”saidshe.“Foryourkindness,Iwillmakeyouagift.Everytimeyouspeak,fromyourmouthshallcomeaflowerorajewel.”Whenthegirlreachedhome，herillmother10herforherlongabsence.“Pardonmeforbeingawaysolong，”shereplied.Asshespokesomepearlsanddiamondsdroppedfromher11.“WhatisthisIsee,child？”askedthe12widow.Thepoorgirlwassohappytobe13childbyhermotherthatsheeagerlytoldhermotherabouther14withtheoldwomanatthefountain.Thewidowimmediately15herfavoritedaughtertodoasthe16girlhaddone.Whentheimpatientgirlwasfillingthepotwithwateratthe17，abeautifulladyappearedand18adrinkofwaterfromthegirl.“Ihavenotcomeheretoserveyou，”she19replied.Thelady,whowasthefairy,said，“Iwillmakeyouagiftto20yourrudeness.Everytimeyouspeak,fromyourmouthshallcomeasnakeoratoad(蟾蜍)．”[语篇解读]本文主要表达了两个性格和表面不同样的姐妹对赏赐别人帮助的不同样反响及她们获得的相应的结果，彰显了善有善报的道理。1．A.good-temperedB．bad-temperedC．kindD．beautiful解析：依据下文中的“herillmother并结”合下文她训诫小女儿可推知，她脾气不好。答案：B2．A.daughterB．teacherC．motherD．father解析：依据语境中的转折可知，此处与“herself形”成比较。小女儿不像她而是像父亲。答案：D3．A.complainB．playC．work

D．study解析：依据下文中的“Amongherother4jobs，shewasforcedtocarrywatereveryday5.”结归并“liveupontheleftoversofhereldersister可推”知，小女儿每日要做很多工作，靠吃姐姐的剩饭菜生活。答案：C4．A.easyB．hardC．interestingD．boring解析：依据上文中的“Theyoungerdaughterhadto

3

hardallday

可”推知，小女儿的工作都很辛苦，很累人。答案：B5．A.withinreachC．withouthesitation

B．witheaseD．fromagreatdistance解析：依据本段的整体内容可知，小女儿过得很困难。由“shewasforcedtocarrywatereveryday可推”知，小女儿还得每日从很远的地方担水，这与其困难的生活状况响应。答案：D6．A.whenC．once

B．whileD．before解析：此处应用

when

指引定语从句，在从句中作时间状语，修饰先行词Oneday。答案：A7．A.hesitatedB．agreedC．leftD．argued解析：依据空前的“Gladtoshowakindnesstotheoldwoman

可推”知，小女儿答应了老太婆的恳求。答案：B8．A.boyB．oldwomanC．oldmanD．fairy解析：依据下文的“Thelady，whowasthefairy

可”推知，老太婆是仙女变过来的。答案：D9．A.althoughB．butC．whileD．and解析：依据语境可知，空处前后句表示逻辑上的并列关系，应选D。答案：D10．A.scoldedB．praisedC．thankedD．forgave解析：与“herillmother和“”herlongabsence呼”应并联合下文小女儿的致歉可知，此处表示小女儿遇到母亲的训诫。答案：A11．A.waist

B．hairC．lips

D．hands解析：依据上文中的“Everytimeyouspeak，fromyourmouthshallcomeaflowerorajewel.可”知，小女儿此后说话会口吐花儿或许宝石，应选C。lip嘴“唇”，符合语境。答案：C12．A.amusedC．astonished

B．interestedD．frightened解析：小女儿忽然口吐珍珠和宝石，她的母亲身然很惊讶。astonished“吃惊的”。答案：C13．A.awardedB．calledC．showedD．taught解析：依据上文中的“WhatisthisIsee，child可”推知，寡妇很震撼，对小女儿的态度忽然转变，轻柔了很多，称她为“孩子”。答案：B14．A.difficultyB．thoughtC．experimentD．experience解析：小女儿急迫地将自己遇到仙女的经历告诉了母亲。experience“经历”。答案：D15．A.advisedB．gotC．forcedD．invited解析：getsb.todosth.意为“让某人做某事”，符合语境。答案：B16．A.slimB．tallC．elderD．poor解析：与上文中的“Thepoorgirl响应”可推知，这里指可怜的小女儿。答案：D17．A.riverC．fountain解析：与上文中的“Oneday

6

B．poolD．wellshehadjustfilledherpotatthefountain

”响应可推知，大女儿也到达喷泉那里。答案：C18．A.askedforB．askedofC．askedaboutD．askedafter解析：与上文中的“anoldtremblingwomanaskedherforadrinkofwater

”响应可推知，一个美丽的女士向大女儿讨水喝。答案：A19．A.rudely

B．jokinglyC．proudly

D．hurriedly解析：与下文中的“yourrudeness呼”应可推知，当时大女儿举止很鲁莽，与上文的“theimpatientgirl响应，”应选A。答案：A20．A.deserveC．equal

B．faceD．repay解析：联合语境可知，此处表示仙女要送给大女儿一份与她的鲁莽相般配的礼品。equal“比得上”。答案：CⅠ.短文改错TheAmericanTVshowTheVoiceisoneofmymostfavoriteamusementshows