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TouronChineseCivilization文化神州游acculturation文化融会,文化互渗(不同文化在频繁交流中的互相影响)culturalinfluence/interaction文化影响GangofFour四人帮internationalpublicity对外宣传中国点心dimsum人参ginseng银杏ginkgo乌龙茶Oolong太极taichi气qi养生healthpreservation阴阳yinandyang八卦trigram风水fengshui气功qigong公元前2023年世界最重要的城市伊拉克的乌尔Ur(古代美索不达米亚南部苏美尔的重要城市)公元前152023最重要的城市埃及的底比斯Thebes(古希腊Boeotia的重要城邦)公元前102023黎巴嫩的西顿Sidon公元前52023波斯Persia波斯波利斯Persepolis所有关于中国问题的研究,统称为“中国学”ChinaStudies汉学Sinology中国“和平崛起”PeacefulEmergenceofChina软力量(文化影响与渗透)softpower中国模式ChinaModel北京共识SharedBeijingViews中庸thewayofmedium和而不同harmonywithdiversities仁政governingofbenevolence王道governingofjustice“睦邻和谐”政策good-neighborpolicy共同发展cooperateddevelopment/mutualdevelopment多赢局面win-winsituation中国的“温和形象”friendlyandmildimageCommunicationacrossAncientCivilizations远古的文明交流张骞引入苜蓿alfalfa、南瓜(胡瓜)pumpkin、胡麻hemp、石榴pomegranate、菠菜spinach、芹菜celery、西瓜(番瓜)muskmelon/watermelon、葡萄grape西域的坎儿井karezwells/theundergroundirrigationsystem马术equitation丝绸之路theSilkRoad古藏文ancientTibetan回鹘文Uighurscript于阗文Khotanscript粟特文Sogdian突厥文Turkic梵文SanskritCulturalMainstreamofCathay华夏主流文化诸子百家thevariousschoolsofthoughtintheSpringandAutumnandtheWarringStatesPeriods

百家争鸣freespeechofone-hundred-and-oneschools儒家文化ConfucianismChineseReligiousCulture华夏宗教文化佛教Buddhism穆斯林(回教)Muslim基督教Christianity道教Taoism神山圣水holymountainsandsacredwaters名刹佛塔templesandstupasChineseFoodTradition中华食文化烹调技艺wokkingskills地方菜localwokking宫廷菜royaldishes官府菜officialcuisine寺院菜Buddhistdishes少数民族菜ethnicspecialties小吃snacksanddimsum中国八大菜系China’sFamousEightofCuisine(鲁川粤闽苏浙湘徽)食器culinarywares/dinnerwares老字号long-establishedrestaurants美食家gourmets精食家epicures满汉全席wholesetofManchu-Handishes国酒茅台Moutai,thenationalliquor中元节,又称祭祖节Ancestor-WorshippingFestival冬至节WinterSolstice庙会templefair年夜饭familyreuniondinner民族历史ethnichistory民族风情ethniccustoms民族习俗ethnicsocialnorms民族神话/传说ethnicmythology/legendaryChineseArchitectureandHorticulture中华建筑及园林文化京杭大运河GreatJing-HangCanal都江堰theDujiangWeir南北大运河North-SouthGrandCanal苏州园林classicalSuzhougardens岭南庭院Lingnancourtyards北京四合院Beijingquadruples;quadruplecourtyards世界遗产名录WorldHeritageListTraditionalChineseArtsandCrafts中国传统工艺农耕文明farmingcivilization现代工业文明industrialcivilization四大发明theFourGreatInventions指南针compass(sinancompass司南战国)北宋制成指南针造纸术paper-making(MarquisCai’spaper蔡侯纸)西汉发明,东汉蔡伦改善火药gunpowder隋雕版印刷术carvedwoodblockprinting隋唐活字印刷术movable-typeprinting北宋毕昇木刻印刷wooden-typeprinting木刻版画wood-carvingprinting石板印刷lithographicprinting铜板印刷copper-typeprinting铅字印刷lead-typeprinting激光照排laserprinting数码印刷digitalprinting“李约瑟难题”JosephNeedham’sdilemma中医中药TCM=TraditionalChineseMedicine诊脉pulse-feeling针灸acupunctureandmoxibustion推拿massage气功qigong拔火罐cupping艾灸moxibustion穴位acupuncturepoint/acupoint望、闻、问、切observation,auscultation,olfactioninquiry,pulse-feelingandpalpation中医治疗八法:汗、吐、下、和、温、清、补、消相生co-occurrence/symbiosis相克reciprocallydestroying古文献archives中成药patentTCM民间偏方folkprescription家传秘方familyprescription《黄帝内经》TheYellowEmperor’sCanonofMedicine葛洪GeHong(314-420),analchemist(炼金术士)anddoctoroftheEasternJin《抱朴子》TheBookofMasterBaopu.ItsummarizesancientChina’sancientalchemyandrecordsmanyobservationsofchemicalphenomena.《金匮要略》SynopsisofGoldenChamber张仲景东汉十进位值制thedecimalsystem祖冲之ZuChongzhi,thefirstpersonintheworldtobringthecalculationoftheratioofthecircumferenceofacircletoitsdiametertotheseventhdecimalplace,between3.1415926and3.1415927.太阳黑子sunspot哈雷彗星Halley’sComet超新星nova赤道坐标系theequatorscale二十八星宿28celestialgroups黄道十二宫the12zodiacbelts坐标体系thepositioningscale《大明历》theDamingCalendar祖冲之南北朝《山海经》TheClassicofMountainsandRivers先秦《水经注》OnRivers郦道元北魏《梦溪笔谈》DreamStreamEssays沈括北宋金属冶炼metallurgy农业的深耕细作agriculturalcultivation郑和ZhengHe,afamousnavigatoroftheMingDynasty,undertookseveralepicseavoyagesascommanderofthelargestfleetintheworldinhistime.海上丝绸之路themarinesilkrouteContinuityofCathayCivilization中华文明传承文化因子meme远古时代remoteantiquity上古primordialtimes;ancienttimes;remoteages中古middleancienttimes;medievaltimes;middleages太古代ArchaeozoicEra元古代ProterozoicEra古生代PaleozoicEra中生代MesozoicEra新生代CenozoicEra石器时代StoneAge旧石器时代OldStoneAge;PaleolithicAge中石器时代MesolithicAge新石器时代NewStoneAge;NeolithicAge铜石并用时代ChalcolithicAge青铜时代BronzeAge红铜时代CopperAge铁器时代IronAge女娲补天ladyNuWamendingthesky夸父追日Kuafu,theironman,chasingthesun后羿射九日HouYishootingdowntheninesuns嫦娥奔月ChangEflyingtothemoon;theLadyonthemoon;themoonfairy神农尝百草ShenNongtryingtastingwildplants黄帝战蚩尤thewarbetweenHuangDiandChiYou尧舜禹汤ancientCathaykingsofYao,Shun,Yu,Tang大禹治水DaYu,theGreatFloodTamer养蚕业sericulture,silkworm-breedingandsilk-weaving青铜器制造bronze-making刀耕火种slash-and-burnfarming狩猎hunting捕鱼fishing制陶pottery-making纺织weaving养殖家畜husbandry文明的门槛thethresholdofcivilization人类文明的标志anindicatororamarkerofhumancivilization兵器weapon礼器ritualwares乐器musicalinstruments食器culinarywares青铜玉器waresmadeofbronzeandjade(翡翠,碧玉)鼎tripod漆器lacquer编钟bronzechimes三星堆遗址SanxingduiArcheologicalSite原始社会theprimitivesociety奴隶社会theslavesociety封建社会thefeudalsociety奴隶制slavery封建制feudalism资本主义阶段thecapitalistperiod社会主义socialistsociety现代工业文明industrialcivilization光电数字时代theopticalanddigitalstage后工业时代thepost-industrialera中国特色的社会主义socialismwithChinesecharacteristics与国际社会接轨gearintotheinternationalsociety实事求是toseektruthfromfacts“大同社会”theDatongSociety/Universalization乌托邦Utopia地球村theglobalvillage龙年theyearofdragon“天下为公”Toservetheworldasawhole.革命尚未成功,同志仍须努力!_国父孙中山遗嘱Therevolutionarycourseisnotyetachieved,mycountryfellowshavetoworkhardertofulfillit!_Testament(遗嘱)ofPremierSunYat-senofROC(RepublicofChina)结绳记事rope-knotmemo元谋人YuanmouMan半坡氏族BanpoClan华夏三大人文始祖thethreelegendaryancestorsoftheChinesepeople“礼崩乐坏”Theofficialritesandsocialpatternsclasped.中华文明盛于长远。Chineseprosperityisdeeplyrootedinhistory.郑和下西洋ZhengHe’sVoyagetotheWest戊戌变法(百日维新)100-DayReform洋务运动Learning-fromWestCampaign辛亥革命1911’sRevolution五四新文化运动May4thNewCultureMovement西周WesternZhou春秋Spring-AutumnPeriod战国WarringStatesPeriod三国ThreeKingdoms南北朝NorthernandSouthernDynasties五代十国FiveDynastiesandTenKingdoms后唐LaterTang天朝theCelestialEmpire王朝;皇朝dynasty;imperial/royalcourt皇权royalpower官衔officialtitle官职officialposition三公九卿threecouncilorsandnineministers英国王室的头衔爵位rankofnobility公爵duke侯爵marquis伯爵earl;count子爵viscount男爵baron清代省级最高行政长官:总督、巡抚之下设立布政司——掌管一省钱财赋税、民政、简称“蕃台/蕃司”还设有按察使——主管一省司法、刑狱府设有知府、县设有知县,其下实行里保和保甲制来实现民户管理由于中外互相缺少了解的现象仍十分普遍,历史上形成了汉译英文本中的许多“文化空白”(culturalgap)、“词汇空白”(lexicalgap)、“语义空白”(semanticzero)、“意念空白”(abstractgap)。“五伦全图”象征了封建时代的五种基本伦理关系与人际关系,即“君臣、父子、夫妇、兄弟、朋友”。并用五种鸟禽代表这五种人伦关系:凤凰、仙鹤、鸳鸯、鹑鸽、黄莺。五伦:fiveethicrelations《易经》中之阴阳八卦以及后来的五行思想是中国式象征主义的典型代表,以阴阳二爻,金、木、水、火、土五种元素类推万事万物。五行相生指木生火,火生土,土生金,金生水,水生木;五行相克指木克土,土克水,水克火,火克金,金克木。中国传统文化最高抱负是:万物并育而不相害,道并行而不相悖。天干地支:产生于炎黄时期,是十天干与十二地支的合称,交叉成序列,共成60组,为一甲子(共60年),用以纪年。上察天穹,探究太宇,日月星辰,时序变化,构整天干系统;下察地理,探究万物繁衍,构成地支系统。甲、乙、丙、丁、戊、己、庚、辛、壬、癸被称为“十天干”;子、丑、寅、卯、辰、巳、午、未、申、酉、戌、亥叫作“十二地支”。翻译一方面要完毕本语言、本文化的阐释,做好语内翻译(intralingualtranslation),才干做语际翻译(interlingualtranslation)。科举imperialexaminations武打片chopsocky龙的传人descendantsofthedragon茶馆teahouse说书story-telling算盘abacus(pl.abaci)世界最早的手动计算器六艺:礼、乐、射、御、书、数麻将mahjong汉语中的“缘”:血缘bloodrelationship无缘无端withoutanyreasonoranycause/fornoreasonatall缘分predestinedrelationship姻缘predestinedmarriage前世因缘predestination天赐良缘agod-sentmarriage;agoodmarriagearrangedinHeaven天缘巧合aluckcoincidence喜结良缘tiethenuptialknot缔结姻缘formmaritaltie佛缘Buddhistattachment人缘relationswithpeople有人缘enjoygreatpopularity聊得投缘talkcongenially投缘的街坊们congenialneighbors有缘结识某人beluckytogetacquaintedwithsb.与某人有一面之缘happentohavemetsb.Once化缘begforalms婚姻是缘分。Acouple’sconjugalfateisprearranged.他们的结合是美满的姻缘。Theirwedlockisahappymarriage.有缘终相逢。Fatebringstogetherpeoplewhoarefarapart.无缘不成对。Thereisnomeetingwithoutpredestination.我与烟酒无缘。Smokinganddrinkingdon’tappealtome.好事似乎与他无缘。Goodluckseemedtobewhollydeniedtohim.千里姻缘一线牵。(AsaChinesesayinggoes)Twobeingsdestinedtomarryeachother,thoughthousandsofmilesapart,aretiedtogetherwithaninvisibleredthreadbyanoldmanunderthemoonlight.他们俩有情无缘。Theyareattractedtoeachotherbutnotfatedtobeconjugallytied.机缘凑巧,我找到一份工作。Asluckwouldhaveit,Ifoundajob.有缘千里来相会,无缘对面不相逢。Asdecreedbyprovidenceyouhavemethim;otherwiseyoumighthavefailedalthoughyoucamealongalongway.我发现有几个同事和我挺投缘。Ifoundquiteafewcolleaguescongenialtome.他在单位有人缘。Heispopularwithhisfellowworkers.真遗憾,我们一直无缘相见。Itisapitythatwehavenoopportunitytomeeteachother.世上没有无缘无端的爱,也没有无缘无端的恨。Thereisabsolutelynosuchathingasloveorhatredwithoutanyreasonorcause.不识庐山真面目,只缘身在此山中。Ican’ttellthenatureofMt.Lushan,forImyselfstayinthemountains.玉jade所包含的华夏精神:玉佩光洁温润,可谓之“仁”;不易折断,且断后不会割伤肌肤,可谓之“义”;佩挂起来整齐有序,可谓之“礼”;击其声音清越优美,可谓之“乐”;瑕不掩瑜,瑜不掩瑕,可谓之“忠”;人人皆珍之爱之,可谓之“道”;这些美德作为君子的必备条件,因而佩玉以洁身明志,“守身如玉”亦是必然。玉不琢,不成器。Unpolishedpearlsnevershine.宁为玉碎不为瓦全。Betterdeaththandishonor.化干戈为玉帛。Burythehatchet.Epigraphy金石学marble大理石北京四合院BeijingQuadruples陕北土窑洞cavehousesinnorthernShaanxi蒙古包Mongolianyurt(佛教寺庙的)神龛Bud

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